New energy automobile battery thermal runaway dredging and eliminating integrated treatment method

Abstract

The invention discloses a new energy automobile battery thermal runaway dynamic disposal method, which comprises the following steps: monitoring air pressure and temperature parameters in a battery box in real time, when the temperature exceeds a first preset threshold value or the air pressure exceeds the first preset threshold value, intelligently triggering a pressure release valve to open, and closing after the air pressure is reduced to a second preset threshold value. The gradient slow-release type silicon-based micro-capsule fire extinguishing agent of the fire extinguishing assembly is activated after pressure relief, a shell of the gradient slow-release type silicon-based micro-capsule fire extinguishing agent responds to the thermal state in a layered mode, water cores are accurately released to restrain overheat points and block spreading, and the total amount and the spraying speed of the fire extinguishing agent are dynamically adjusted through an intelligent model. According to the method, a multi-condition triggering mechanism and the special multi-layer composite exhaust pipe are combined, early-stage hidden danger recognition, high-temperature jetting object directional emission and closed-loop fire extinguishing control are achieved, the safety protection efficiency is remarkably improved, and explosion and secondary hazard risks are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy vehicles, and more particularly to an integrated method for mitigating thermal runaway in new energy vehicle batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Thermal runaway of power batteries in new energy vehicles poses a significant safety threat, and traditional handling methods have obvious limitations. They typically rely on a single temperature or pressure threshold to trigger a response, easily overlooking potential hazards in the early, mild phase and leading to delayed responses. Improper depressurization can ignite vehicle components or allow toxic gases to enter the passenger compartment. Subsequent firefighting often uses conductive liquids or large-volume injections, which are inefficient, prone to reignition, and wasteful due to inadequate allocation of extinguishing agents, making it difficult to accurately match the dynamic propagation of thermal runaway. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention proposes a dynamic handling method for thermal runaway of new energy vehicle batteries, comprising: S1. Monitor the real-time air pressure and temperature parameters inside the sealed battery box. S2. When one or more of the triggering conditions are met, the battery box pressure relief valve is opened to release pressure until the real-time air pressure parameter drops below the second preset pressure threshold and then the pressure relief valve is closed. The triggering conditions include the following two types: The real-time temperature parameter exceeds the first preset temperature threshold. When the real-time air pressure parameter exceeds the first preset pressure threshold; S3. After the pressure relief valve is closed, the cooling unit in the fire extinguishing assembly is activated to inject the cooling medium into the battery box for forced heat exchange until the real-time temperature parameter drops below the second preset temperature threshold.

[0004] The triggering conditions also include: when the real-time air pressure parameter is lower than the first preset pressure threshold and the real-time temperature parameter is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the real-time thermal runaway probability inside the battery box exceeds the probability threshold.

[0005] Specifically, obtaining the real-time thermal runaway probability includes: inputting real-time air pressure parameters and real-time temperature parameters into a trained first model and then outputting the real-time thermal runaway probability.

[0006] The new energy vehicle is equipped with an exhaust pipe. When the pressure relief valve is opened, the material ejected from the battery box will be discharged from the rear of the vehicle through the exhaust pipe.

[0007] Specifically, the cooling medium is a silicon-based microencapsulated dry water fire extinguishing agent with a water core and an outer layer of gradient slow-release silicon-based shell.

[0008] In the process where the cooling unit in S3 injects cooling medium into the battery box for forced heat exchange until the real-time temperature parameter drops below the second preset temperature threshold, the total amount of cooling medium injected is positively correlated with the real-time temperature parameter inside the battery box when the pressure relief valve in S3 is closed.

[0009] The controller contains a pre-stored table comparing the real-time temperature parameters inside the battery compartment with the total amount of cooling medium injected when the pressure relief valve is closed.

[0010] In S3, the injection rate of the cooling medium during injection is dynamically adjusted and controlled by a trained second model. The inputs of the second model are the temperature gradient and the rate of change of air pressure. The temperature gradient and the rate of change of air pressure are obtained by analyzing the real-time air pressure parameters and real-time temperature parameters. The input variables are mapped to the injection rate output through a fuzzy rule base. The injection rate result is directly applied to the execution unit of the fire extinguishing component.

[0011] This method significantly improves the safety performance of battery thermal runaway protection. By intelligently triggering depressurization under multiple conditions—including temperature, pressure, and probability models—it enables early hazard identification and rapid response. A dedicated multi-layered composite exhaust pipe ensures the safe and directional discharge of high-temperature ejected materials away from hazardous areas. After depressurization, a gradient-release silicon-based microencapsulated fire extinguishing agent is injected. Its intelligently layered outer shell responds to different thermal states, precisely releasing water cores to suppress overheating, block spread, and prevent reignition. The total amount of extinguishing agent is preset based on the temperature after depressurization, and the injection rate is dynamically adjusted by an intelligent model, resulting in high resource utilization. The entire process forms a closed-loop control system of monitoring, depressurization, and fire extinguishing, significantly reducing the risk of explosion and secondary hazards. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process for an integrated method for mitigating thermal runaway in new energy vehicle batteries proposed in this invention. Figure 2 The present invention relates to a new energy vehicle structure in a method for integrated treatment of thermal runaway in new energy vehicle batteries. Detailed Implementation

[0013] refer to Figure 1 This invention proposes a dynamic handling method for thermal runaway of new energy vehicle batteries, comprising: S1. Monitor the real-time air pressure and temperature parameters inside the sealed battery box 11.

[0014] To monitor real-time air pressure and temperature parameters inside the sealed battery box 11, multiple pressure and temperature sensors are first deployed at key locations inside the battery box 11. These sensors are directly embedded in the gaps between battery modules or on the box wall to ensure coverage of areas prone to thermal runaway.

[0015] The pressure sensor uses the piezoelectric principle to sense changes in air pressure in real time, while the temperature sensor uses the thermoelectric effect to capture temperature fluctuations. Sensor data is continuously transmitted to the controller via a high-speed digital bus. The controller performs real-time filtering on the received raw data to eliminate environmental noise and signal drift, improving data accuracy.

[0016] The processed real-time air pressure and temperature parameters are immediately stored in the controller's memory and kept dynamically updated.

[0017] S2. When one or more of the following triggering conditions are met, the pressure relief valve of battery box 11 is opened to release pressure until the real-time air pressure parameter drops below the second preset pressure threshold, at which point the pressure relief valve is closed. (Reference) Figure 2 The new energy vehicle is equipped with an exhaust pipe 13. When the pressure relief valve is opened, the ejected material in the battery box 11 will be discharged from the rear of the vehicle through the exhaust pipe 13.

[0018] The triggering conditions include: Triggering condition 1: The real-time temperature parameter exceeds a first preset temperature threshold. Triggering condition 2: The real-time air pressure parameter exceeds a first preset pressure threshold. Triggering condition 3: When the real-time air pressure parameter is lower than a first preset pressure threshold and the real-time temperature parameter is lower than a first preset temperature threshold, the real-time thermal runaway probability inside the battery box 11 exceeds a probability threshold. Specifically, obtaining the real-time thermal runaway probability involves inputting the real-time air pressure parameter and the real-time temperature parameter into a trained first model and then outputting the real-time thermal runaway probability.

[0019] The exhaust pipe 13 of the new energy vehicle 1 adopts a multi-layer composite structure with an inner layer of silicon carbide ceramic, a middle layer of metal corrugated pipe, and an outer layer of aluminum alloy. The ceramic layer resists the high-temperature burning of the projectiles, the corrugated pipe absorbs the deformation stress of the battery box 11, and the aluminum alloy shell balances lightweight and mechanical strength. A spiral guide channel can be installed inside the exhaust pipe 13 to achieve gas-solid separation using centrifugal force. High-temperature gas is discharged along the central axis, while solid particles settle into the slag storage chamber via the side wall collection tank. The middle section integrates a three-stage expansion chamber, which reduces airflow velocity through cross-sectional expansion and incorporates porous sound-absorbing material for noise reduction. When the pressure relief valve is opened, the projectiles inside the battery box 11 are directed downwards through the exhaust pipe 13 from the rear of the vehicle, away from the passenger compartment and chassis components, preventing ignition of the tires or suspension. Furthermore, the exhaust outlet is at a safe distance from the air conditioning inlet, preventing the infiltration of toxic gases. The pressure relief of the exhaust pipe 13 creates a low-pressure environment for the subsequent injection of the S3 stage fire extinguishing agent, improving the diffusion efficiency of the silicon-based microencapsulations.

[0020] When the controller continuously monitors the real-time air pressure and real-time temperature parameters inside the battery box 11 and calculates the real-time thermal runaway probability based on these parameters, if the real-time temperature parameter exceeds the first preset temperature threshold; and / or the real-time air pressure parameter exceeds the first preset pressure threshold; and / or the real-time thermal runaway probability exceeds the probability threshold when the real-time air pressure parameter is lower than the first preset pressure threshold and the real-time temperature parameter is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the system immediately opens the pressure relief valve to release pressure.

[0021] During the depressurization process, the controller continues to use real-time air pressure parameters as input to track pressure changes in real time. When the real-time air pressure parameter drops below a second preset pressure threshold, the system closes the pressure relief valve to ensure the pressure stabilizes within a safe range. This multi-condition triggering mechanism can cover more hazardous scenarios and reduce the risk of single sensor failure.

[0022] This method utilizes probabilistic assessment to identify thermal runaway early under mild conditions, avoiding the response lag problem of traditional methods and significantly improving battery safety. The output of each step directly serves subsequent steps; for example, the monitored air pressure parameters determine when to close the pressure relief valve, while the judgment result of the trigger condition drives the opening of the pressure relief valve, forming a closed-loop control.

[0023] By monitoring real-time air pressure and temperature parameters and calculating the real-time probability of thermal runaway, pressure can be immediately released when direct high temperature or high pressure occurs, preventing the risk of explosion. Simultaneously, under mild conditions, probability assessment is used to identify potential hazards in advance, avoiding the lag problem of traditional methods relying on a single parameter and significantly improving response speed. For example, when both temperature and pressure are below preset thresholds, the first model predicts the risk based on historical data and real-time fluctuations; once the limits are exceeded, pressure release is triggered. This overcomes the information gap caused by technicians neglecting early probability analysis, enabling unexpected early intervention. Secondly, this mechanism covers multiple hazardous scenarios; even if some sensors fail, other conditions can still ensure pressure release activation, enhancing robustness. Each step's output directly serves subsequent actions; for example, monitored parameters drive probability calculations, and the calculation results determine the opening of the pressure relief valve, forming a closed-loop control to ensure seamless integration of safety measures. Ultimately, this design reduces the probability of thermal runaway escalation, extends battery life, and reduces maintenance costs.

[0024] S3. After the pressure relief valve is closed, the cooling unit 12 in the fire extinguishing assembly is activated to inject the cooling medium into the battery box 11 for forced heat exchange until the real-time temperature parameter drops below the second preset temperature threshold.

[0025] Specifically, the cooling medium is a silicon-based microencapsulated dry water extinguishing agent with a water core and an outer gradient-release silicon-based shell. During the process of the cooling unit 12 injecting the cooling medium into the battery box 11 for forced heat exchange until the real-time temperature parameter drops below a second preset temperature threshold, the total amount of cooling medium injected is positively correlated with the real-time temperature parameter inside the battery box 11 when the pressure relief valve is closed. The controller has a pre-stored table comparing the real-time temperature inside the battery box 11 when the pressure relief valve is closed with the total amount of cooling medium injected. The spray rate during cooling medium injection is dynamically adjusted and controlled by a trained second model. The input to the second model is the temperature gradient and pressure change rate calculated using real-time air pressure and temperature parameters. The input variables are mapped to the spray rate output through a fuzzy rule base, and the spray rate result directly affects the execution unit of the fire extinguishing component.

[0026] After the pressure relief valve is closed, the cooling unit 12 is immediately activated. At this time, the controller reads the real-time temperature parameters when the pressure relief is completed. Based on the comparison table of pre-stored temperature and total amount of extinguishing agent, the controller determines the initial injection amount of silicon-based microencapsulated dry water extinguishing agent. The higher the temperature, the larger the injection amount, to ensure that the cooling capacity matches the heat load.

[0027] After the fire suppression is activated, the controller calculates the temperature gradient and the rate of change of air pressure in real time. These two parameters are input into the second model, which dynamically outputs the optimal injection rate command through a fuzzy rule base. For example, the injection rate is increased when the temperature gradient increases sharply and decreased when the air pressure stabilizes.

[0028] After the silicon-based microcapsules are injected into the battery box 11, their gradient-release outer shell responds in layers according to the contact temperature: the thin-shell area immediately ruptures upon encountering localized high temperatures, releasing water cores that vaporize and absorb heat, suppressing early overheating; the medium-thick shell layer gradually decomposes as the overall temperature rises, blocking heat spread between modules; the remaining thick shell is finally released in the high-temperature core area, completely eliminating the risk of reignition. Real-time temperature parameters are continuously monitored throughout the process until the temperature drops below the second preset temperature threshold.

[0029] This solution isolates the water core's conductivity through a silicon-based shell, safely utilizing the water's cooling potential; a gradient slow-release mechanism precisely matches the timing of thermal runaway propagation, with a thin shell targeting early single-cell failures, a medium-thick shell suppressing heat spread, and a thick shell terminating reignition, thus doubling the fire extinguishing efficiency; based on the pre-set total amount of water at the temperature after depressurization to avoid waste, a neural network dynamically adjusts the injection rate to focus on high-heat areas, and the resource allocation logic can be reconfigured.

[0030] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamically handling thermal runaway in new energy vehicle batteries, characterized in that, include: S1. Monitor the real-time air pressure and temperature parameters inside the sealed battery box (11); S2. When one or more of the trigger conditions are met, the pressure relief valve of the battery box (11) is opened to release pressure until the real-time air pressure parameter drops below the second preset pressure threshold and then the pressure relief valve is closed. The triggering conditions include the following two types: The real-time temperature parameter exceeds the first preset temperature threshold. When the real-time air pressure parameter exceeds the first preset pressure threshold; S3. After the pressure relief valve is closed, the cooling unit (12) in the fire extinguishing assembly is activated to inject the cooling medium into the battery box (11) for forced heat exchange until the real-time temperature parameter drops below the second preset temperature threshold.

2. The dynamic handling method for thermal runaway of new energy vehicle batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The triggering conditions also include: when the real-time air pressure parameter is lower than the first preset pressure threshold and the real-time temperature parameter is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, the real-time thermal runaway probability in the battery box (11) exceeds the probability threshold.

3. The dynamic handling method for thermal runaway of new energy vehicle batteries as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The acquisition of the real-time thermal runaway probability specifically includes: inputting real-time air pressure parameters and real-time temperature parameters into the trained first model and then outputting the real-time thermal runaway probability.

4. The method for dynamic handling of thermal runaway in new energy vehicle batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The new energy vehicle (1) is equipped with an exhaust pipe (13). When the pressure relief valve is opened, the ejected material in the battery box (11) will be discharged from the rear of the vehicle through the exhaust pipe (13).

5. The dynamic handling method for thermal runaway of new energy vehicle batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling medium is specifically a silicon-based microencapsulated dry water fire extinguishing agent with a water core and an outer gradient slow-release silicon-based shell.

6. The method for dynamic handling of thermal runaway in new energy vehicle batteries as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In the process of the cooling unit (12) in S3 injecting cooling medium into the battery box (11) for forced heat exchange until the real-time temperature parameter drops below the second preset temperature threshold, the total amount of cooling medium injected is positively correlated with the real-time temperature parameter in the battery box (11) when the pressure relief valve in S3 is closed.

7. The dynamic handling method for thermal runaway of new energy vehicle batteries as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The controller has a pre-stored table comparing the real-time temperature parameters inside the battery box (11) with the total amount of cooling medium injected when the pressure relief valve is closed.

8. The method for dynamic handling of thermal runaway in new energy vehicle batteries as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The injection rate of the cooling medium during injection in S3 is dynamically adjusted and controlled by a trained second model. The input of the second model is the temperature gradient and the rate of change of air pressure. The temperature gradient and the rate of change of air pressure are obtained by analyzing the real-time air pressure parameters and real-time temperature parameters. The input variables are mapped to the injection rate output through a fuzzy rule base. The injection rate result is directly applied to the execution unit of the fire extinguishing component.

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