Power supply device

Abstract

A power supply device comprises an input port, an active rectification circuit, a surge bleeder circuit, a detection circuit, a rectification control circuit, a protection control circuit and a drive circuit. The surge bleeder circuit is coupled between the input port and the active rectification circuit. The detection circuit outputs an output signal which is a normal signal in a normal state to the protection control circuit, and changes the output signal into an actuating signal in response to detecting a surge signal output by the surge bleeder circuit. The protection control circuit outputs a control signal as an operation signal in response to receiving a conventional signal, so that the driving circuit outputs a driving signal to the active rectification circuit according to the operation signal. The protection control circuit transiently interrupts the output of the control signal as the operation signal in response to receiving the actuation signal such that the drive circuit does not output the drive signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This case relates to a power supply device, particularly a power supply device capable of immediately performing protection in the event of a surge. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, active rectifier circuits use active switches to achieve diode rectification. However, when a surge occurs, if the switch remains operational and conducting, the surge energy may pass through the switch, causing damage. Therefore, the existing approach is to turn off the switch for a safe period during a surge, and then resume operation after the safe period has elapsed. However, this fixed safe period waiting method has the problems of excessively long waiting times and inability to truly confirm whether the surge has disappeared, thus affecting overall efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] A power supply device according to an embodiment of this invention includes an input port, an active rectifier circuit, a surge bleeder circuit, a detection circuit, a rectification control circuit, a protection control circuit, and a drive circuit. The input port receives a power signal. The active rectifier circuit is coupled to the input port. The surge bleeder circuit is coupled between the input port and the active rectifier circuit. The detection circuit includes a detection terminal and an output terminal. The detection terminal is coupled to the surge bleeder circuit. The output terminal outputs an output signal, which is normally a conventional signal. In response to the detection of a surge signal output by the surge bleeder circuit at the detection terminal, the output signal is converted from a conventional signal to an actuation signal. The rectification control circuit outputs a control signal. The protection control circuit is coupled to the output terminal of the detection circuit and the rectification control circuit to receive the output signal and the control signal and output an operation signal. In response to the output signal being a conventional signal, the protection control circuit outputs the control signal as an operation signal; and in response to the output signal being an actuation signal, the protection control circuit temporarily interrupts the output of the control signal as an operation signal. The drive circuit is coupled between the protection control circuit and the active rectifier circuit. When an operation signal that is a control signal is received, the drive signal is output to the active rectifier circuit according to the operation signal. When no operation signal that is a control signal is received, the drive signal is not output.

[0004] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the power supply device can immediately shut off the switch of the active rectifier circuit when a surge occurs, thereby protecting the switch, and immediately resume the operation of the active rectifier circuit after the surge disappears. Attached Figure Description

[0005] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of this case;

[0006] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of this case;

[0007] Figure 3 This is a detailed circuit diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of this case;

[0008] Figure 4 This is a waveform diagram of the first driving signal, the second driving signal, and the surge in one embodiment of this case;

[0009] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of the middle frame K;

[0010] Figure 6 This is a detailed circuit diagram of a power supply device according to another embodiment of this case.

[0011] [Symbol Explanation]

[0012] 1: Input Port

[0013] 2: Active rectifier circuit

[0014] 3: Surge discharge circuit

[0015] 4: Detection circuit

[0016] 41: Current sensing circuit

[0017] 42: Proportional rectifier circuit

[0018] 43: Transformer

[0019] 44: Diode

[0020] 5: Rectifier control circuit

[0021] 6: Protection control circuit

[0022] 61,63: NOT gate

[0023] 62: AND gate

[0024] 64: The First and the Gate

[0025] 65: The Second AND Gate

[0026] 7: Drive circuit

[0027] 71: First driving circuit

[0028] 72: Second drive circuit

[0029] 8: Electromagnetic interference filtering circuit

[0030] 9: Power stage circuit

[0031] 10: Output Port

[0032] A: First drive signal

[0033] B: Second drive signal

[0034] AC: Power supply

[0035] K: Box

[0036] S1: Output signal

[0037] S2: Inverting signal

[0038] S3: Control signal

[0039] S31: First control signal

[0040] S32: Second control signal

[0041] S4: Operation signal

[0042] S41: First operation signal

[0043] S42: Second operation signal

[0044] P1: Detection end

[0045] P2: Output terminal

[0046] Q1~Q4: Switches Detailed Implementation

[0047] The term "coupled" as used in this article refers to two or more components making physical or electrical contact with each other "directly" or "indirectly," or it can also refer to two or more components interacting with each other.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of this invention. The power supply device includes an input port 1, an active rectifier circuit 2, a surge bleeder circuit 3, a detection circuit 4, a rectification control circuit 5, a protection control circuit 6, and a drive circuit 7. The input port 1 has two input terminals, respectively coupled to the two ends of a power supply AC, to receive the power signal supplied by the power supply AC. The active rectifier circuit 2 is coupled to the input port 1 to rectify the power signal. The surge bleeder circuit 3 is coupled between the input port 1 and the active rectifier circuit 2 to guide the surge signal away when a surge occurs, preventing the surge signal from flowing into the active rectifier circuit 2. In some embodiments, the surge bleeder circuit 3 includes a varistor, which is in a high-resistance state and acts as an open circuit under normal conditions. When a surge occurs, the resistance of the varistor rapidly decreases and it becomes a conductor to bleed the surge signal.

[0049] The detection circuit 4 includes a detection terminal P1 and an output terminal P2. The detection terminal P1 is coupled to the surge bleeder circuit 3 to detect whether the surge bleeder circuit 3 outputs a surge signal. The output terminal P2 generates an output signal S1 based on the detection result. Normally, the output signal S1 is in a first state (hereinafter referred to as the "normal signal"). In response to the detection of a surge signal at the detection terminal P1, the output signal S1 changes from the first state to a second state (hereinafter referred to as the "actuation signal"). In other words, the output terminal P2 normally outputs a normal signal; when a surge signal is detected, the output terminal P2 outputs an actuation signal.

[0050] The rectifier control circuit 5 outputs a control signal S3. The protection control circuit 6 is coupled to the output terminal P2 of the detection circuit 4 and the rectifier control circuit 5 to receive the output signal S1 and the control signal S3, respectively. The protection control circuit 6 outputs an operation signal S4. In response to receiving the normal output signal S1, the protection control circuit 6 outputs the control signal S3 as the operation signal S4, making the output operation signal S4 equivalent to the control signal S3; in response to receiving the actuation signal S1, the protection control circuit 6 temporarily interrupts the output of the control signal S3 as the operation signal S4, making the output operation signal S4 independent of the control signal S3.

[0051] The drive circuit 7 is coupled between the protection control circuit 6 and the active rectifier circuit 2 to receive the operation signal S4 output by the protection control circuit 6 and generate a drive signal suitable for controlling the internal switch of the active rectifier circuit 2 (e.g., within a suitable operating voltage and current range) to control the switching operation of the active rectifier circuit 2. When the protection control circuit 6 outputs the operation signal S4, which is equivalent to the control signal S3, the drive circuit 7 outputs a drive signal (including a first drive signal A and a second drive signal B) to the active rectifier circuit 2 according to the operation signal S4. Furthermore, when the protection control circuit 6 stops outputting the control signal S3 as the operation signal S4 (i.e., when the drive circuit 7 does not receive the operation signal S4 as the control signal S3), the drive circuit 7 correspondingly does not output a drive signal. The method of outputting the drive signal according to the operation signal S4 can be, for example, by first generating the first drive signal A with the corresponding timing according to the operation signal S4 (equivalent to the control signal S3), and then inverting the first drive signal A to become the second drive signal B, but this invention is not limited to this.

[0052] In this way, when a surge occurs, the switch of the active rectifier circuit 2 automatically turns off instantaneously because it is not controlled by a drive signal, thus avoiding the impact of surge energy on the switch. Furthermore, after the surge disappears, the switch of the active rectifier circuit 2 is immediately controlled by the drive signal to resume operation.

[0053] Reference Figure 2This is a circuit diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of this case. Figure 1 The difference lies in that, in some embodiments, the power supply device further includes an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter circuit 8 and a subsequent circuit 9. The EMI filter circuit 8 is coupled between the surge bleeder circuit 3 and the active rectifier circuit 2. In some embodiments, the EMI filter circuit 8 includes a filter (such as an LC filter or a common-mode choke) to suppress electromagnetic interference (EMI). The subsequent circuit 9 is coupled to the active rectifier circuit 2 to receive its output. The subsequent circuit 9 may be a load or a voltage regulation circuit (such as a DC-DC converter).

[0054] Reference Figure 3 This is a detailed circuit diagram of a power supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, the detection circuit 4 includes a current sensing circuit 41 and a proportional rectifier circuit 42. The current sensing circuit 41 is located at the detection terminal P1 to convert the surge signal into a sensing voltage. In some embodiments, the current sensing circuit 41 is a current transformer (CT) disposed in the path with the surge bleed circuit 3 to sense the current of the surge signal when the surge signal is generated, and generate a sensing voltage that can represent the current quantity. The proportional rectifier circuit 42 is coupled to the current sensing circuit 41 and is located at the output terminal P2 to receive the sensing voltage, and step down the sensing voltage by a reduction ratio and rectify it into an output signal S1.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the proportional rectifier circuit 42 includes a transformer 43 and two diodes 44. The transformer 43 includes a primary coil and a secondary coil. The two ends of the primary coil are coupled to the two ends of the current sensing circuit 41 to receive the sensed voltage. The two ends of the secondary coil are each coupled to the anode of a diode 44, and the cathodes of the two diodes 44 are coupled together and to the output terminal P2. The center tap of the secondary coil of the transformer 43 is grounded. The proportional rectifier circuit 42 with the above structure forms a full-wave rectifier circuit to step down and rectify the sensed voltage by a reduction ratio, thereby converting the AC surge signal into a DC signal and reducing it to a suitable voltage range to avoid damaging downstream electronic components. The reduction ratio corresponds to the turns ratio of the transformer 43.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the active rectifier circuit 2 is a full-bridge rectifier circuit, including switches Q1 to Q4 and an output port 10. The output port 10 is used to couple to the subsequent stage circuit 9 (e.g., Figure 2(As shown). The anodes of the body diodes of switches Q1 and Q2 are coupled to each other and to one output terminal of output port 10. The cathode of the body diode of switch Q1 is coupled to the anode of the body diode of switch Q3 and is coupled to the electromagnetic interference filter circuit 8, or to one input terminal of input port 1 (if there is no electromagnetic interference filter circuit 8). The cathode of the body diode of switch Q2 is coupled to the anode of the body diode of switch Q4 and is coupled to the electromagnetic interference filter circuit 8, or to another input terminal of input port 1 (if there is no electromagnetic interference filter circuit 8). The cathodes of the body diodes of switches Q3 and Q4 are coupled to each other and to another output terminal of output port 10. Switches Q1 to Q4 are divided into two switch groups, which are turned on in different half-cycles of the AC current. Here, switches Q2 and Q3 are the first switch group, and switches Q1 and Q4 are the second switch group. The first switch group receives the first drive signal A and changes between the on and off states according to the timing changes in the first drive signal A. The second switch group receives the second drive signal B and changes between the on and off states according to the timing changes in the second drive signal B.

[0057] Merge reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 . Figure 4 This is a waveform diagram of the first driving signal A, the second driving signal B, and the surge in one embodiment of this case. Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of the middle frame K. Among them, Figure 4 and Figure 5 Below are the waveforms of the first driving signal A and the second driving signal B. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The waveform diagram above shows the surge. The first drive signal A and the second drive signal B are complementary. That is, when the first drive signal A is at a low potential, the second drive signal B is at a high potential; when the first drive signal A is at a high potential, the second drive signal B is at a low potential. When a surge occurs (around 0.295 seconds), the protection control circuit 6 interrupts and outputs the control signal S3 as the operation signal S4, causing the drive circuit 7 to stop outputting the first drive signal A and the second drive signal B. This causes the first drive signal A, which was originally at a high potential, to change to a low potential, while the second drive signal B, which was originally at a low potential, remains at a low potential, thereby turning off switches Q1 to Q4.

[0058] Rereference Figure 3Under normal conditions, the surge discharge circuit 3 is open-circuited, preventing the detection circuit 4 from detecting current. Therefore, the output signal S1 is a low-potential normal signal. Conversely, when a surge signal occurs, the detection circuit 4 detects current, resulting in a high-potential actuation signal S1. In some embodiments, the protection control circuit 6 includes a NOT gate 61 and an AND gate 62. The NOT gate 61 is coupled to the output terminal P2 of the detection circuit 4 to invert the output signal S1 into an inverted signal S2. When the output signal S1 is a low-potential normal signal, the NOT gate 61 converts the normal signal into a high-potential signal, which is then output as the inverted signal S2. On the other hand, when the output signal S1 is a high-potential actuation signal, the NOT gate 61 converts the actuation signal into a low-potential signal, which is then output as the inverted signal S2. The two input terminals of the AND gate 62 are coupled to the NOT gate 61 and the rectifier control circuit 5, respectively, and receive the inverted signal S2 and the control signal S3. The AND gate performs logical operations on these two signals to output the operation signal S4. In other words, AND gate 62 uses the inverted signal S2 to determine whether to output the control signal S3 as the operation signal S4. In response to the received inverted signal S2 being high, AND gate 62 outputs the control signal S3 as the operation signal S4. In response to the received inverted signal S2 being low, the output of AND gate 62 is a low-level operation signal S4, while a transient interrupt outputs the control signal S3 as the operation signal S4.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, the drive circuit 7 is coupled to the output of the AND gate 62 to receive the operation signal S4. The drive circuit 7 generates drive signals (including a first drive signal A and a second drive signal B) based on the operation signal S4. Therefore, when the operation signal S4, which is equivalent to the control signal S3, is received, the drive circuit 7 outputs the first drive signal A to the first switch group and the second drive signal B to the second switch group. When the operation signal S4, which is the control signal S3, is not received (the operation signal S4 is at a low potential), the drive circuit 7 does not output the first drive signal A and the second drive signal B (maintaining a low potential), causing switches Q1 to Q4 to turn off.

[0060] Reference Figure 6 This is a detailed circuit diagram of a power supply device according to another embodiment of this case. Figure 3 The main difference is that, Figure 6 The internal structure of the protection control circuit 6 and the drive circuit 7, as well as the control signals output by the rectifier control circuit 5, differ. The following explanation focuses on these differences. The control signal S3 output by the rectifier control circuit 5 includes a first control signal S31 and a second control signal S32. The second control signal S32 is complementary to the first control signal S31. That is, when the first control signal S31 is at a low potential, the second control signal S32 is at a high potential; and when the first control signal S31 is at a high potential, the second control signal S32 is at a low potential.

[0061] The protection control circuit 6 includes a NOT gate 63, a first AND gate 64, and a second AND gate 65. The NOT gate 63 is coupled to the output terminal P2 of the detection circuit 4 to invert the output signal S1 into an inverted signal S2. When the output signal S1 is a low-level normal signal, the NOT gate 63 converts the normal signal to a high-level signal as the inverted signal S2. Conversely, when the output signal S1 is a high-level actuation signal, the NOT gate 63 converts the actuation signal to a low-level signal as the inverted signal S2.

[0062] The two inputs of the first AND gate 64 are coupled to the NOT gate 63 and the rectifier control circuit 5, respectively, and receive the inverted signal S2 and the first control signal S31. The first AND gate performs logical operations on these two signals to output the first operation signal S41. In other words, the first AND gate 64 uses the inverted signal S2 to determine whether to output the first control signal S31 as the first operation signal S41. When the received inverted signal S2 is high, the first AND gate 64 outputs the first control signal S31 as the first operation signal S41. When the received inverted signal S2 is low, the first operation signal S41 output by the first AND gate 64 is low, and a transient interrupt outputs the first control signal S31 as the first operation signal S41.

[0063] The two inputs of the second AND gate 65 are coupled to the NOT gate 63 and the rectifier control circuit 5, respectively, and receive the inverted signal S2 and the second control signal S32. The second AND gate performs logical operations on these two signals to output the second operation signal S42. In other words, the second AND gate 65 uses the inverted signal S2 to determine whether to output the second control signal S32 as the second operation signal S42. In response to the received inverted signal S2 being high, the second AND gate 65 outputs the second control signal S32 as the second operation signal S42. In response to the received inverted signal S2 being low, the second operation signal S42 output by the second AND gate 65 is low, and a transient interrupt occurs, outputting the second control signal S32 as the second operation signal S42. In this embodiment, the first operation signal S41 and the second operation signal S42 form the aforementioned operation signal S4.

[0064] The driving circuit 7 includes a first driving circuit 71 and a second driving circuit 72. The first driving circuit 71 is coupled to the output of the first AND gate 64 to receive a first operation signal S41. The first driving circuit 71 generates a first driving signal A based on the first operation signal S41. Therefore, when the first operation signal S41, which is equivalent to the first control signal S31, is received, the first driving circuit 71 outputs the first driving signal A to the first switch group, so that the first switch group changes between the on and off states according to the timing changes in the first driving signal A; when the first operation signal S41, which is the first control signal S31, is not received (the first operation signal S41 is at a low potential), the first driving circuit 71 does not output the first driving signal A (maintains a low potential), causing switches Q2 and Q3 to turn off.

[0065] The second drive circuit 72 is coupled to the output of the second AND gate 65 to receive the second operation signal S42. The second drive circuit 72 generates a second drive signal B based on the second operation signal S42. Therefore, when the second operation signal S42, which is equivalent to the second control signal S32, is received, the second drive circuit 72 outputs the second drive signal B to the second switch group, so that the second switch group changes between the on and off states according to the timing changes in the second drive signal B; when the second operation signal S42, which is the second control signal S32, is not received (the second operation signal S42 is at a low potential), the second drive circuit 72 does not output the second drive signal B (maintains a low potential), causing switches Q1 and Q4 to turn off.

[0066] In some embodiments, the rectifier control circuit 5 is a digital controller, that is, it has functions such as digital signal processing, calculation and control, such as, but not limited to, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

[0067] In some embodiments, switches Q1 to Q4 are implemented using N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor FETs (NMOSFETs), but this invention is not limited thereto. The gates of switches Q2 and Q3 receive a first drive signal A, and the gates of switches Q1 and Q4 receive a second drive signal B.

[0068] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the power supply device can immediately shut off the switches Q1 to Q4 of the active rectifier circuit 2 when a surge occurs, thereby protecting the switches Q1 to Q4, and immediately resume the operation of the active rectifier circuit 2 after the surge disappears.

Claims

1. A power supply device, characterized in that, include: One input port receives a power signal; An active rectifier circuit is coupled to the input port; A surge bleed circuit is coupled between the input port and the active rectifier circuit; A detection circuit includes a detection terminal and an output terminal. The detection terminal is coupled to the surge bleed circuit, and the output terminal outputs an output signal. The output signal is normally a conventional signal. In response to the detection of a surge signal output by the surge bleed circuit at the detection terminal, the output signal is converted from the conventional signal to a dynamic signal. A rectifier control circuit outputs a control signal; A protection control circuit is coupled to the output terminal of the detection circuit and the rectifier control circuit to receive the output signal and the control signal and output an operation signal. In response to the output signal being the normal signal, the protection control circuit outputs the control signal as the operation signal, and in response to the output signal being the actuation signal, the protection control circuit temporarily interrupts the output of the control signal as the operation signal. and A drive circuit is coupled between the protection control circuit and the active rectifier circuit to output a drive signal to the active rectifier circuit when the operation signal, which is the control signal, is received, and not to output the drive signal when the operation signal, which is the control signal, is not received.

2. The power supply device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detection circuit includes a current sensing circuit located at the detection terminal to convert the surge signal into a sensing voltage.

3. The power supply device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The detection circuit also includes a proportional rectifier circuit coupled to the current sensing circuit, which steps down the sensed voltage by a reduction ratio and rectifies it into the actuation signal.

4. The power supply device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The proportional rectifier circuit includes a transformer and two diodes. The transformer includes a primary coil and a secondary coil. The primary coil is coupled to the current sensing circuit to receive the sensed voltage. The two ends of the secondary coil are respectively coupled to the anode of the diode, and the cathode of the diode is coupled to the output terminal. The droop ratio corresponds to the turns ratio of the transformer.

5. The power supply device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The protection control circuit includes a NOT gate and an AND gate. The NOT gate is coupled to the output terminal of the detection circuit to convert the normal signal into a high-level signal when the normal signal is received, and to convert the actuation signal into a low-level signal when the actuation signal is received. The AND gate outputs the control signal as the operation signal in response to receiving the high-level signal, and temporarily interrupts the output of the control signal as the operation signal in response to receiving the low-level signal.

6. The power supply device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The active rectifier circuit includes a first switch group and a second switch group. The drive signal includes a first drive signal and a second drive signal. When the operation signal, which is the control signal, is received, the drive circuit outputs the first drive signal to the first switch group and the second drive signal to the second switch group. When the operation signal, which is the control signal, is not received, the drive circuit does not output the first drive signal and the second drive signal.

7. The power supply device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The protection control circuit includes a NOT gate, a first AND gate, and a second AND gate. The control signal includes a first control signal and a second control signal complementary to the first control signal. The NOT gate is coupled to the output terminal of the detection circuit to convert the normal signal into a high-level signal when the normal signal is received, and to convert the actuation signal into a low-level signal when the actuation signal is received. The first AND gate outputs the first control signal as a first operation signal in response to receiving the high-level signal, and temporarily interrupts the output of the first control signal as the first operation signal in response to receiving the low-level signal. The second AND gate outputs the second control signal as a second operation signal in response to receiving the high-level signal, and temporarily interrupts the output of the second control signal as the second operation signal in response to receiving the low-level signal. The first operation signal and the second operation signal form the operation signal.

8. The power supply device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The active rectifier circuit includes a first switch group and a second switch group. The driving circuit includes a first driving circuit and a second driving circuit. The driving signal includes a first driving signal and a second driving signal. When the first operation signal, which is the first control signal, is received, the first driving circuit outputs the first driving signal to the first switch group. When the first operation signal, which is the first control signal, is not received, the first driving circuit does not output the first driving signal. When the second operation signal, which is the second control signal, is received, the second driving circuit outputs the second driving signal to the second switch group. When the second operation signal, which is the second control signal, is not received, the second driving circuit does not output the second driving signal.

Images