Methods and compositions for enhancing athletic performance

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a composition for regulating or increasing intestinal microbiota, and application of the method and the composition for preparing medicines, nutritional products, health-care products, foods and beverages for regulating the intestinal microbiota. The composition containing the dehydrozingerone can obviously regulate or increase the level of intestinal flora in a subject, and dopamine in the brain is increased by regulating or increasing the level of the intestinal flora in the subject, so that the athletic performance is enhanced.

Description

Methods and compositions for enhancing athletic performance Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of health foods and dietary supplements, and specifically relates to compositions and methods for enhancing athletic performance, as well as related applications thereof in medicines, nutritional supplements, health products, foods, and beverages. Background Art

[0002] The study showed that giving mice broad-spectrum antibiotics to eliminate their gut bacteria reduced their running performance by about half, suggesting that the difference in running performance was primarily due to the presence of certain gut bacterial species in the better-performing mice. Furthermore, the study found that two bacterial species closely associated with better running performance—Eubacterium rectale and Coprococcus eutactus—produce metabolites called fatty acid amides (FAAs). Fatty acid amides stimulate receptors called CB1 endocannabinoid receptors on the surface of sensory nerves buried in the intestines, which connect to the brain via the spine. During exercise, stimulation of these CB1 receptor-laden sensory nerves leads to increased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in a brain region called the ventral striatum. The ventral striatum is a key node in the brain's reward and motivation networks.

[0003] Dehydrozingerone (DHZ), also known as feruloyl methane, is isolated from turmeric and is a structural analog of curcumin. In vitro antimicrobial studies related to food preservation have shown that DHZ has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, studying the relationship between DHZ and the gut microbiome, as well as its relationship with athletic performance, is crucial to developing appropriate nutritional and health strategies.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for regulating or increasing the level of intestinal flora in a subject, the method comprising: administering to the subject a composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof; the intestinal flora is Gram-positive bacteria.

[0007] In some embodiments, the Gram-positive bacteria are Eubacterium rectale and / or Coprococcus regulatus.

[0008] In some embodiments, the method increases dopamine in the brain by regulating or increasing the level of gut flora in a subject, thereby enhancing athletic performance. The enhanced athletic performance includes improved endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased muscular endurance, and increased muscle strength or power.

[0009] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester, or derivative thereof is formulated as a nutritional supplement, food, beverage, or animal feed.

[0010] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof is prepared as a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

[0011] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof is in the form of a suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension or syrup.

[0012] In some embodiments, the composition comprising dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester, or derivative thereof is administered to the subject at a dose of 1-1500 mg.

[0013] In some embodiments, the composition is administered at least once daily for 1 week to 7 weeks, 2 weeks to 7 weeks, 3 weeks to 7 weeks, or 4 weeks to 7 weeks.

[0014] In some embodiments, the method includes oral, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, local instillation, topical or sublingual administration.

[0015] In some embodiments, the composition is administered to a subject such that the daily intake of DHZ is between about 1 mg and about 300 mg, or between about 1 mg and about 200 mg, between about 5 mg and about 200 mg, between about 10 mg and about 150 mg, between about 20 mg and about 100 mg.

[0016] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a use of a composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof in the manufacture of a nutritional supplement, food, beverage or animal feed for regulating or increasing the level of intestinal flora in a subject, wherein the intestinal flora is Gram-positive bacteria.

[0017] In some embodiments, the Gram-positive bacteria are Eubacterium rectale and / or Coprococcus regulatus.

[0018] In some embodiments, the composition increases dopamine in the brain by modulating or increasing the level of gut flora in a subject, thereby enhancing athletic performance. Enhanced athletic performance includes improved endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased muscular endurance, and increased muscle strength or power.

[0019] In some embodiments, the composition is administered at a dose of 1-1500 mg.

[0020] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof is in the form of a suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension or syrup.

[0021] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof is prepared as a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

[0022] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof for regulating or increasing the level of intestinal flora in a subject, wherein the intestinal flora is Gram-positive bacteria.

[0023] In some embodiments, the Gram-positive bacteria are Eubacterium rectale and / or Coprococcus regulatus.

[0024] In some embodiments, the composition increases dopamine in the brain by modulating or increasing the level of gut flora in a subject, thereby enhancing athletic performance. Enhanced athletic performance includes increased endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased muscle endurance, and increased muscle strength or power.

[0025] In some embodiments, the composition is administered at a dose of 1-1500 mg.

[0026] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester, or derivative thereof is formulated as a nutritional supplement, food, beverage, animal feed, or pharmaceutical.

[0027] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for enhancing athletic performance in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof.

[0028] In some embodiments, the method enhances athletic performance in the subject by increasing dopamine in the brain.

[0029] In some embodiments, enhanced athletic performance includes increased endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, enhanced muscular endurance, and increased muscle strength or power.

[0030] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester, or derivative thereof is formulated as a nutritional supplement, food, beverage, or animal feed.

[0031] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof is prepared as a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

[0032] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof is administered in a form selected from suppositories, tablets, pills, granules, powders, films, capsules, beverages, aerosols, spirits, tinctures, tonics, liquid suspensions, syrups, functionalized foods, beverages or sublingual preparations.

[0033] In some embodiments, the composition comprising dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester, or derivative thereof is administered to the subject at a dose of 1-1500 mg.

[0034] In some embodiments, the composition is administered at least once daily for 1 week to 7 weeks, 2 weeks to 7 weeks, 3 weeks to 7 weeks, or 4 weeks to 7 weeks.

[0035] In some embodiments, the method includes oral, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, local instillation, topical or sublingual administration.

[0036] In some embodiments, the composition is administered to a subject such that the daily intake of DHZ is between about 1 mg and about 300 mg, or between about 1 mg and about 200 mg, between about 5 mg and about 200 mg, between about 10 mg and about 150 mg, between about 20 mg and about 100 mg.

[0037] Another aspect of the present invention relates to use of a composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof in the manufacture of a nutritional supplement, food, beverage or animal feed for enhancing athletic performance of a subject.

[0038] In some embodiments, the composition enhances a subject's athletic performance by increasing dopamine in the brain. Enhanced athletic performance includes improved endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased muscular endurance, and increased muscle strength or power.

[0039] In some embodiments, the composition is administered at a dose of 1-1500 mg.

[0040] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof is prepared as a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

[0041] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof is in the form of a suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension or syrup.

[0042] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a composition comprising dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof, for use in enhancing athletic performance in a subject.

[0043] In some embodiments, the composition enhances a subject's athletic performance by increasing dopamine in the brain. Enhanced athletic performance includes improved endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased muscular endurance, and increased muscle strength or power.

[0044] In some embodiments, the composition is administered at a dose of 1-1500 mg.

[0045] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester, or derivative thereof is formulated as a nutritional supplement, food, beverage, animal feed, or pharmaceutical.

[0046] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof is prepared as a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

[0047] In some embodiments, the composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof is in the form of a suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension or syrup.

[0048] The method of administering a composition comprising dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester, or derivative thereof can significantly regulate or increase the level of intestinal flora in a subject, thereby increasing dopamine in the brain by regulating or increasing the level of intestinal flora in the subject, thereby enhancing athletic performance. Administration of a composition comprising dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester, or derivative thereof can significantly enhance athletic performance, including improving endurance, increasing heart rate, increasing blood flow, enhancing muscle endurance, and increasing muscle strength or power. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 shows the running endurance of mice in each group.

[0050] Figure 2 shows the dopamine content in the brains of mice in each group.

[0051] Figures 3A and 3B are stacked bar charts and heat maps of cecal fecal microbiota at the genus level, respectively.

[0052] 4A and 4B show the bacterial copy numbers of Eubacterium rectale and Coprococcus regulatus in the cecal feces of each group, respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention to further illustrate examples thereof. Although the present invention will be described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that they are not intended to limit the present invention to these embodiments. On the contrary, the present invention is intended to encompass alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the claims. In addition, in the detailed description of the present invention, many specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention can be implemented without these specific details. In other cases, well-known methods, procedures, components, and other features are not described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present invention.

[0054] As used herein, the term "or" is intended to include both "and" and "or." In other words, the term "or" can also be replaced by "and / or."

[0055] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0056] As used herein, the terms "subject" or "individual" are used interchangeably to refer to any subject to which the methods and compositions of the present disclosure can be applied or administered. The subject may have a disease or condition, but the subject does not need to be sick to benefit from the methods and compositions of the present disclosure. The subject may need to regulate or increase regulation of its intestinal tract and / or overall health, but the subject may also have a generally healthy intestinal tract and wish to maintain or further regulate or increase regulation of its intestinal tract and / or overall health. Therefore, any subject can take the disclosed composition or become a recipient of the disclosed method. Herein, the term "subject" refers to an animal (e.g., avian, reptile, and mammal). In certain embodiments, the subject can be a mammal including non-primates (e.g., camels, donkeys, zebras, cows, horses, cats, dogs, rats, and mice) and primates (e.g., monkeys, chimpanzees, humans). In certain embodiments, the subject can be a non-human mammal. In other embodiments, the subject can be a human.

[0057] As used herein, the term "administering" refers to directly administering a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition of a compound to a subject, or administering a prodrug derivative or analog of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition of a compound to a subject, which can form an equivalent amount of an active compound in the subject's body.

[0058] The present invention relates to a method for regulating or increasing the level of intestinal flora in a subject by administering a composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof to the subject at a certain dose, thereby increasing dopamine in the brain by regulating or increasing the level of intestinal flora in the subject, thereby enhancing athletic performance.

[0059] The contemplated method comprises administering at least 1 mg of dehydrogingerone or a dehydrogingerone substitute daily, depending on the specific dehydrogingerone-containing formulation and form. This amount per day can be administered once or multiple times. Typically, the effective amount of dehydrogingerone or a dehydrogingerone derivative in a dehydrogingerone-containing composition administered once or multiple times per day is 1 milligram (mg) to 1500 mg or between 1 milligram (mg) and 1500 mg. One or more doses can be administered once a day over any period of time. For example, an effective dose can be administered daily for one day, several days, multiple days, or indefinitely, and dehydrogingerone can be taken for 7 days or more in a cycle, depending on the desired effect. More typically, the amount of dehydrogingerone or a dehydrogingerone derivative administered per day is 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg, 250 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg, 700 mg, 800 mg, 900 mg, 1000 mg, 1100 mg, 1200 mg, 1300 mg, 1400 mg, 1500 mg. More typically, the amount of dehydrogingerone or a dehydrogingerone derivative administered per day is 1 mg to 1000 mg. Most typically, the amount of dehydrogingerone or a dehydrogingerone derivative administered per day is 50 mg.

[0060] Various forms and formulations of compositions containing dehydrogingerone are contemplated for use in regulating or increasing the level of intestinal flora in a subject. The composition will be formulated into a nutritional supplement or dietary supplement, (medical) food, animal feed, in liquid or solid form, comprising a composition of dehydrogingerone, and may optionally include a nutritionally or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. For example, when the composition is in solid form, the composition can be formulated into snack bars, yogurt, lozenges, tablets, or capsules, or can be applied to cereal products, including baked goods. On the other hand, when the supplement is in liquid form, the composition can be formulated into a tincture, soft gel capsule, liquid capsule, syrup, carbonated beverage, brewed beverage (e.g., coffee or tea), juice, energy drink, sports drink, or flavored water. While nutritional and pharmaceutical compositions for human use are particularly contemplated, it should be understood that compositions and formulations containing dehydrogingerone can also be used for veterinary purposes (e.g., in animal feed for domestic companion animals ("pets") or in animal feed for farm animals. In other contemplated aspects, the dehydrogingerone-containing composition can also be provided in the form of a bulk product (e.g., in an amount equal to or greater than 100 g, equal to or greater than 1000 g, or equal to or greater than 10 kg) for the production of nutritional supplements, (medical) foods, animal feeds.

[0061] Example

[0062] Twenty-four purebred Swiss male mice were randomly divided into groups of eight and placed under a 12:12 hour light-dark cycle with free access to food and water. The first group served as the control (Group 1, no DHZ), the second group received 50 mg / kg DHZ (Group 2), and the third group received 100 mg / kg DHZ (Group 3). A DHZ solution consisting of 5% DMSO, 25% PEG-400, 30% propylene glycol, and 40% saline was administered at a dose of 10 mL / kg body weight for four weeks. After four weeks, the mice underwent locomotor analysis by voluntarily running on a treadmill. The distance reached to exhaustion was recorded. All mice were untrained prior to the exercise. Each group was randomly assigned to a systemic perfusion with paraformaldehyde. Brain tissue was then collected and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for ELISA and subsequent dopamine analysis. Cecal feces were collected from mice and subjected to 16S sequencing of the fecal microbiota to determine the proportions of different bacteria in the feces. Fecal DNA was also extracted to measure the copy numbers of Eubacterium rectale and Coprococcus regius. Data were statistically analyzed using an unpaired t-test. * indicates significant differences. Compared with the control group, * indicates p < 0.05; ** indicates p < 0.01; *** indicates p < 0.001; and **** indicates p < 0.0001.

[0063] Figure 1 shows the running endurance of mice in each group after four weeks of product consumption. The low-dose DHZ group (1112 m) and the high-dose DHZ group (1367 m) significantly improved their running endurance compared to the control group (948 m). The high-dose DHZ group demonstrated 44% higher performance than the control group. Figure 2 shows the dopamine content in the brains of mice in each group after four weeks of product consumption. Dopamine levels in the DHZ groups were higher than in the control group, reaching 16,285 ng / g brain in the low-dose group and 19,988 ng / g brain in the high-dose group, a significant five-fold increase over the control group (3,293 ng / g brain). Therefore, we can conclude that DHZ supplementation may improve athletic performance by increasing brain dopamine levels.

[0064] Figures 3A and 3B are stacked bar graphs and heat maps of the genus level of cecal fecal flora in each group after taking the product for 4 weeks (C control; L low-dose group; H high-dose group). The stacked bar graph shows the composition of highly expressed species in each group and can be used to observe the composition and expression of species within the group and the trend of species expression between groups. The heat map uses a blue to red gradient to reflect the change in abundance from low to high. The closer to blue (-1), the lower the abundance, and the closer to red (1), the higher the abundance. Results showed that after four weeks of DHZ administration, the intestinal populations of Ruminococcaceae unclassified, Colidextribacter, Ruminococcus, Incertae Sedis Bacteroides, Clostridia UCG-014 unclassified, Oscillibacter, Clostridium, Eubacterium ruminantium group, Eubacterium siraeum group, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group unclassified, Bacteroidota unclassified, Firmicutes unclassified, Alistipes, and Intestimonas increased compared to the control group. Among these, motility-related bacteria increased in number with Eubacterium recti and Coprococcus rudimentum. Figures 4A and 4B show the bacterial copy numbers of Eubacterium recti and Coprococcus rudimentum in the cecal feces of each group, with a higher copy number indicating greater bacterial colonization. The results showed that after four weeks of DHZ administration, the numbers of Eubacterium recti and Coprococcus rudimentum increased approximately threefold compared to the control group. Therefore, we conclude that four weeks of DHZ administration alters the intestinal microbiota. The abundance of Eubacterium rectale and Coprococcus regulatus increased. Specific gut microbiota modulate the gut-brain axis and regulate brain dopamine levels, thereby improving exercise endurance.

[0065] The present inventors have discovered that the compositions comprising DHZ and the methods of the present invention have a positive regulatory effect on intestinal flora; can regulate or increase the level of intestinal flora in a subject; increase dopamine in the brain; and enhance athletic performance, such as improved endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, enhanced muscular endurance, and increased muscle strength or power.

Claims

1. A method for regulating or increasing the level of intestinal flora in a subject, characterized in that The method comprises: administering a composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof to the subject; and the intestinal flora is Gram-positive bacteria.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The Gram-positive bacteria are Eubacterium rectum and / or Coprococcus regulatum.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method increases dopamine in the brain by regulating or increasing the level of intestinal flora in the subject, thereby enhancing athletic performance.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that Such enhanced athletic performance includes increased endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased muscular endurance, and increased muscular strength or power.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is prepared into nutritional supplement, food, beverage or animal feed.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is in the form of suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension or syrup.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that A composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof is administered to the subject at a dose of 1-1500 mg.

9. Use of a composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof in the manufacture of a nutritional supplement, food, beverage or animal feed for regulating or increasing the level of intestinal flora in a subject, characterized in that: The intestinal flora is Gram-positive bacteria.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that The Gram-positive bacteria are Eubacterium rectum and / or Coprococcus regulatum.

11. The use according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: The composition increases dopamine in the brain by regulating or increasing the level of intestinal flora in the subject, thereby enhancing athletic performance.

12. The use according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that The composition is administered at a dosage of 1-1500 mg.

13. The use according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that Such enhanced athletic performance includes increased endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased muscular endurance, and increased muscular strength or power.

14. The use according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is in the form of suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension or syrup.

15. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is prepared as a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

16. A composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative, characterized in that: The composition is used to regulate or increase the level of intestinal flora in a subject, wherein the intestinal flora is Gram-positive bacteria.

17. The composition according to claim 16, characterized in that The Gram-positive bacteria are Eubacterium rectum and / or Coprococcus regulatum.

18. The composition according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that The composition increases dopamine in the brain by regulating or increasing the level of intestinal flora in the subject, thereby enhancing athletic performance.

19. The composition according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is prepared into nutritional supplement, food, beverage, animal feed or medicine.

20. The composition according to any one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that Such enhanced athletic performance includes increased endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased muscular endurance, and increased muscular strength or power.

21. A method for enhancing the athletic performance of a subject, characterized in that The method comprises administering to the subject a composition comprising dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that The method enhances the subject's athletic performance by increasing dopamine in the brain.

23. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that Such enhanced athletic performance includes increased endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased muscular endurance, and increased muscular strength or power.

24. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is prepared into nutritional supplement, food, beverage or animal feed.

25. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 24, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

26. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is administered in a form selected from suppositories, tablets, pills, granules, powders, films, capsules, beverages, aerosols, spirits, tinctures, tonics, liquid suspensions, syrups, functionalized foods, beverages or sublingual preparations.

27. The method according to any one of claims 21 to 26, characterized in that A composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof is administered to the subject at a dose of 1-1500 mg.

28. Use of a composition containing dehydrogingerone or a salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof in the manufacture of a nutritional supplement, food, beverage or animal feed for enhancing the athletic performance of a subject.

29. The use according to claim 28, characterized in that The composition enhances the subject's athletic performance by increasing dopamine in the brain.

30. The use according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that Such enhanced athletic performance includes increased endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased muscular endurance, and increased muscular strength or power.

31. The use according to any one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that The composition is administered at a dosage of 1-1500 mg.

32. The use according to any one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

33. The use according to any one of claims 28 to 32, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is in the form of suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension or syrup.

34. The use according to any one of claims 28 to 33, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

35. A composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative, characterized in that: The composition is used to enhance athletic performance in a subject.

36. The composition according to claim 35, characterized in that The composition enhances the subject's athletic performance by increasing dopamine in the brain.

37. The composition according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that Such enhanced athletic performance includes increased endurance, increased heart rate, increased blood flow, increased muscular endurance, and increased muscular strength or power.

38. A composition according to any one of claims 35 to 37, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is prepared into nutritional supplement, food, beverage, animal feed or medicine.

39. The composition according to any one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is prepared into a solid preparation or a liquid preparation.

40. The composition according to any one of claims 35 to 39, characterized in that The composition containing dehydrogingerone or its salt, acid, ester or derivative is in the form of suppository, tablet, pill, granule, powder, film, capsule, beverage, aerosol, spirit, tincture, tonic, liquid suspension or syrup.

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