A welding device and method for machining a central gear box casing

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of welding, and specifically discloses a kind of central gear box machine case shell processing welding device and method, including welding head, one end of welding head has telescopic arm, the end of telescopic arm away from welding head has articulated arm, articulated arm is hinged and installed on lifting arm;Welding line of welding head forms sweep surface with articulated arm rotation;The side of welding head is articulated with telescopic arm, and the hinge axis of telescopic arm is parallel with the hinge axis of articulated arm.The present application is through the welding head of multidirectional adjustment, the suction accessory of multidimensional freedom movement and the collaborative work of conveying line, can carry out continuous, automatic welding operation to multiple faces of body without changing the fixed posture of body;This design breaks through the limitation of traditional station fixed, single-sided welding, especially suitable for box, shell type parts with multiple welding surfaces, can significantly improve the consistency of welding automation degree and overall welding quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding technology, and in particular to a welding apparatus and method for machining the housing of a central gearbox casing. Background Technology

[0002] The central gearbox housing welding device is a highly automated precision equipment whose core objective is to achieve precise positioning, stable clamping, and high-quality welding of such large, complex-shaped parts during the welding process.

[0003] Due to processing requirements, the central gearbox housing is composed of two parts. In practical applications, the two parts are usually bolted together and then welded to ensure airtightness, and an inspection door is provided at one end.

[0004] To facilitate welding of the joints, existing technologies, such as CN209647969U, disclose an auxiliary device for welding the joints of an optical fiber distribution box. This auxiliary device includes a base plate, with four sets of limiting baffles on the top of the base plate. The top of each limiting baffle has a threaded through hole, and bolts are threadedly connected to the threaded through holes of the limiting baffles. The top of the base plate also has four sets of strip-shaped through holes, which are slidably connected to the bolts. A circular through hole is also present on the top of the base plate, and a second bevel gear is located above the circular through hole. A third bevel gear is located at the right end of the second bevel gear.

[0005] Based on the aforementioned existing technologies, it has been found that traditional welding equipment is often limited to welding straight lines or simple curved joints. For complex joint trajectories with multiple curved surfaces and varying angles in three-dimensional space, existing technologies struggle to achieve continuous and stable tracking welding, often requiring multiple repositioning or tooling changes, resulting in low efficiency and a high risk of welding defects. Furthermore, the welding head has limited freedom of movement: many existing welding systems rely on Cartesian coordinates or fixed trajectory movement, and the welding head itself lacks flexible attitude adjustment capabilities. Existing technologies typically focus on how to achieve multi-dimensional changes, lacking optimization for single-dimensional motion. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0007] This invention provides a welding apparatus and method for machining the housing of a central gearbox casing, which can solve the problem that existing welding equipment lacks optimization for a single motion dimension. The specific solution is as follows:

[0008] On one hand, the present invention provides a welding device for processing the housing of a central gearbox casing, including a welding head, one end of the welding head having a telescopic arm, and the end of the telescopic arm away from the welding head having a hinged arm, the hinged arm being hingedly mounted on a lifting arm;

[0009] The weld line of the weld joint forms a swept surface as the hinge arm rotates;

[0010] One side of the welding head is hinged to the telescopic arm, and the hinge axis of the telescopic arm is parallel to the hinge axis of the hinge arm. The telescopic arm has a reciprocating drive assembly inside, which drives the welding head to reciprocate around its hinge axis.

[0011] During welding, the body is transported to the area below the welding head via a conveyor line, so that the joint coincides with the swept surface; the joint on at least one side of the body is welded by the coordinated movement of the telescopic arm and the articulated arm.

[0012] By working in conjunction with a multi-directionally adjustable welding head, a multi-degree-of-freedom movable adsorption component, and a conveyor line, continuous and automatic welding operations can be performed on multiple surfaces of the main body without changing its fixed posture. This design breaks through the limitations of traditional fixed workstations and single-sided welding, and is especially suitable for box-type and shell-type parts with multiple welding surfaces, which can significantly improve the degree of welding automation and the consistency of overall welding quality.

[0013] Preferably, one side of the conveyor line has an adsorption element that can hold the body in place. A telescopic beam is provided on one side of the adsorption element, one end of the adsorption element is rotatably connected to the telescopic beam, and a first motor is installed on one end of the adsorption element.

[0014] Preferably, the adsorption component is a suction cup or an electromagnet. By setting the adsorption component and cooperating with the telescopic beam, the lifting beam and the multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment mechanism of the rotation, the device can perform precise face-changing and angle fine-tuning of the body during the welding process. This design ensures that each surface to be welded can face the welding head in the best posture, while the strong adsorption force provides stable non-contact or contact fixation, effectively avoiding welding deformation and position drift, and ensuring the continuity and accuracy of multi-face welding.

[0015] Preferably, a beam sleeve is fitted at the end of the telescopic beam away from the conveyor line, and a lifting beam is fixed to one side of the beam sleeve. The lifting beam drives the beam sleeve and the telescopic beam to rise and fall; the lifting beam, the telescopic beam and the adsorption component change the surface of the main body.

[0016] Preferably, the lifting beam has an L-shaped bottom beam on one side below it, and the lifting beam and the bottom beam are slidably connected on the vertical side, and the bottom beam can slide in the direction of movement of the conveyor line.

[0017] Preferably, a first telescopic member is connected between the inner wall of the telescopic arm and the articulated arm, and a second telescopic member is connected between the articulated arm and the lifting arm.

[0018] Preferably, a third telescopic component is connected between the telescopic beam and the beam sleeve, a fourth telescopic component is connected between the lifting beam and the bottom beam, a fifth telescopic component is fixedly connected to the transverse side of the bottom beam, and the fixed end of the fifth telescopic component is fixedly connected to the bottom plate.

[0019] By setting a welding path with a single sweeping surface, the welding line of the welding head can form a fan-shaped sweeping surface as the articulated arm rotates. Before welding, it is only necessary to adjust the joint of the body to coincide with the sweeping surface. Subsequently, the welding torch can be moved precisely along the joint by the coordinated movement of the telescopic arm and the articulated arm. There is no need to program the welding head trajectory separately and in a complicated way for each weld, which greatly simplifies the teaching and positioning process. It can focus on welding on the same working surface and improve the equipment's adaptability to workpieces of different sizes and preparation efficiency.

[0020] Preferably, a drive bevel gear is fixedly connected to the bottom output end of the first motor, and a driven bevel gear is fixedly connected to one end of the adsorption component, with the drive bevel gear meshing with the driven bevel gear.

[0021] Preferably, the reciprocating drive assembly includes a pressure block fixed to one end of the welding head, a turntable is provided on the side of the pressure block away from the welding head, a drive component is fixed to the side of the turntable close to the pressure block, the drive component is a closed ring with undulations, the undulations are evenly distributed in size, a second motor is fixed to the end of the turntable away from the drive component, a telescopic box is installed outside the second motor, and the telescopic box is slidably installed inside the telescopic arm.

[0022] The welding head can be driven to perform controlled reciprocating oscillations by the built-in reciprocating drive component. This dynamic welding process enables subsequent solder to effectively cover and fuse the previous solder joints, forming a uniform solder accumulation layer at the joint. This not only enhances the mechanical properties and density of the weld, but also allows the welding conditions of different materials and strength requirements to be adapted by adjusting the oscillation amplitude, realizing flexible and active strengthening of the welding process.

[0023] On the other hand, the present invention provides a welding method for machining a central gearbox housing, comprising the following steps;

[0024] S1. The body to be welded is transported to the bottom of the welding head by the conveyor line, and the position of the body is adjusted so that the joint to be welded on the body coincides with the sweeping surface formed by the rotation of the hinge arm.

[0025] S2. By rotating the articulated arm and extending the telescopic arm, the welding head is driven to move to the welding start position;

[0026] S3. Start the welding head and reciprocating drive assembly. Driven by the reciprocating drive assembly, the welding head reciprocates around its own hinge axis. At the same time, through the rotation of the hinge arm and the extension and retraction of the telescopic arm, the welding head moves along the extension trajectory of the joint, thereby welding the joint on at least one surface of the body.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. This invention, through the coordinated operation of a multi-directionally adjustable welding head, an adsorption component capable of multi-degree-of-freedom movement, and a conveyor line, enables continuous and automatic welding operations on multiple surfaces of a body without altering its fixed posture. This design breaks through the limitations of traditional fixed workstations and single-sided welding, and is particularly suitable for box-type and shell-type parts with multiple welding surfaces, significantly improving the degree of welding automation and the consistency of overall welding quality.

[0029] 2. This invention enables the welding head to perform controllable reciprocating oscillation through a built-in reciprocating drive component. This dynamic welding process allows subsequent solder to effectively cover and fuse the previous solder joints, forming a uniform solder accumulation layer at the joint. This not only enhances the mechanical properties and density of the weld, but also allows for adjustment of the oscillation amplitude to adapt to welding conditions with different materials and strength requirements, achieving flexible and adjustable welding process and active strengthening.

[0030] 3. By setting a welding path with a single sweeping surface, the welding line of the welding head can form a fan-shaped sweeping surface as the articulated arm rotates. Before welding, it is only necessary to adjust the joint of the body to coincide with this sweeping surface. Subsequently, the welding torch can be moved precisely along the joint by the coordinated movement of the telescopic arm and the articulated arm. There is no need to program the welding head trajectory separately and in a complicated way for each weld, which greatly simplifies the teaching and positioning process. It can focus on welding on the same working surface and improve the equipment's adaptability to workpieces of different sizes and preparation efficiency.

[0031] 4. By setting up an adsorption component and cooperating with a telescopic beam, a lifting beam, and a multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment mechanism for rotation, this invention enables the device to perform precise face-changing and angle fine-tuning of the body during the welding process. This design ensures that each surface to be welded faces the welding head in the best posture, while the strong adsorption force provides stable non-contact or contact fixation, effectively avoiding welding deformation and position drift, and ensuring the continuity and accuracy of multi-face welding.

[0032] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of a single conveyor line station of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the welding head of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the adsorption component of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the driving principle of the adsorption element of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the lifting beam and bottom beam of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the lifting beam and bottom beam of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a state diagram of the adsorption body of the adsorption element of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a half-sectional view of the welding head of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a perspective view of multiple conveyor line stations of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of the reciprocating drive component of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 11 This is a partial perspective view of the reciprocating drive component of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 12 This is a perspective view of the driving component of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the welding state of the present invention.

[0047] The accompanying figure is labeled as follows:

[0048] 1. Welding head; 2. Telescopic arm; 3. Hinge arm; 4. Lifting arm; 5. Body; 6. Conveyor line; 7. Adsorption component; 8. Telescopic beam; 9. First motor; 10. Drive bevel gear; 11. Driven bevel gear; 12. Beam sleeve; 13. Lifting beam; 14. Bottom beam; 15. Limiting block; 16. First telescopic component; 17. Second telescopic component; 18. Third telescopic component; 19. Fourth telescopic component; 20. Fifth telescopic component; 21. Base plate; 22. Sixth telescopic component; 23. Fixed arm; 24. Hinge sleeve; 25. Arc rod; 26. Arc sleeve; 27. Protrusion; 28. Stop block; 29. ​​Pressure block; 30. Turntable; 31. Drive component; 32. Second motor; 33. Telescopic box; 34. Seventh telescopic component; 35. Weld point; 36. Inspection plate. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of the present invention and, together with the embodiments of the present invention, serve to illustrate the principles of the present invention.

[0050] Example 1: As Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a welding device for processing the housing of a central gearbox casing, including a welding head 1, one end of the welding head 1 having a telescopic arm 2, and the end of the telescopic arm 2 away from the welding head 1 having a hinged arm 3, the hinged arm 3 being hingedly mounted on a lifting arm 4.

[0051] The welding line of welding head 1 forms a swept surface as the hinge arm 3 rotates.

[0052] One side of the welding head 1 is hinged to the telescopic arm 2, and the hinge axis is parallel to the hinge axis of the hinge arm 3. The telescopic arm 2 has a reciprocating drive assembly inside, which drives the welding head 1 to reciprocate around its hinge axis.

[0053] During welding, the body 5 is conveyed to the area below the welding head 1 via the conveyor line 6, so that the joint coincides with the swept surface; the joint on at least one side of the body 5 is welded by the coordinated movement of the telescopic arm 2 and the articulated arm 3, thereby completing the welding work on the two parts of the body 5.

[0054] It should be noted that fixing one or two opposite sides of the body 5 is sufficient to fix the two parts of the body 5. Alternatively, the body 5 can be rotated sequentially using the method described below, so that the welding head 1 can weld each side of the body 5 sequentially, thereby forming a more robust welded body.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, one side of the conveyor line 6 has an adsorption element 7. The adsorption element 7 generates a strong adsorption force that can hold the body 5. The adsorption element 7 can be a suction cup or an electromagnet (the figure shows a suction cup as an example, and the air tube, electromagnet and wire of the suction cup are not shown).

[0056] It should be noted that an electromagnet is a device that generates magnetism using the magnetic effect of an electric current, and it is a non-permanent magnet. Its core principle is: when an electric current passes through a coil wound around an iron core, a magnetic field is generated, magnetizing the iron core and thus producing a strong magnetic force. When the power is turned off, the magnetism disappears.

[0057] Basic Structure: An electromagnet mainly consists of three parts: a coil, an iron core, and an armature. The iron core is usually made of soft iron or silicon steel, which is easily magnetized and demagnetized. The coil is made of insulated wire and generates a magnetic field when energized. The armature is a movable ferromagnetic material that is attracted by the magnetic field.

[0058] Working process: When the coil is energized, the iron core and armature are magnetized, becoming two magnets with opposite polarities, generating an electromagnetic attraction between them. When the attraction is greater than the spring's reaction force, the armature begins to move towards the iron core. When the current is interrupted or falls below a certain value, the electromagnetic attraction becomes less than the spring's reaction force, and the armature returns to its original released position.

[0059] Key features: The presence or absence of magnetism in an electromagnet can be controlled by switching current on and off; the strength of the magnetism can be controlled by the current strength or the number of coil turns; the direction of the magnetic poles can be controlled by changing the direction of the current. This makes electromagnets widely used in industrial control, lifting equipment, braking systems, and other fields.

[0060] A negative pressure suction cup is a device that uses the principle of vacuum negative pressure to generate suction force. Its core principle is: by using an air extraction device to expel the air inside the suction cup, a negative pressure state is created, making the pressure inside the suction cup lower than the external atmospheric pressure, thereby generating suction force.

[0061] Basic Structure: The negative pressure suction cup mainly consists of a suction cup body, a nozzle, and an air extraction device. The suction cup body is usually made of a flexible material (such as rubber), which can form a sealed space when in contact with the surface of an object. The nozzle is located in the center of the suction cup, and high-pressure gas is injected into the air chamber through the air intake channel.

[0062] Working process: When the suction cup is firmly attached to the surface of the object, the air inside the suction cup is expelled by the air extraction device, creating a negative pressure state. At this time, the internal pressure of the suction cup is lower than the external atmospheric pressure, and atmospheric pressure presses the suction cup tightly against the object surface. When it is necessary to release the object, air is injected into the suction cup to balance the internal and external pressures, and the suction cup automatically detaches.

[0063] Key features: Negative pressure suction cups offer advantages such as cleanliness, stable and reliable adsorption, and no damage to object surfaces. The adsorption force is directly proportional to the contact area; the larger the area, the more significant the total force generated by the pressure difference.

[0064] like Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, a telescopic beam 8 is provided on one side of the adsorption component 7. One end of the adsorption component 7 is rotatably connected to the telescopic beam 8. A first motor 9 is installed on one end of the adsorption component 7. A drive bevel gear 10 is fixedly connected to the bottom output end of the first motor 9. A driven bevel gear 11 is fixedly connected to one end of the adsorption component 7. The drive bevel gear 10 and the driven bevel gear 11 mesh. Thus, when the first motor 9 starts and drives the drive bevel gear 10 to rotate, the drive bevel gear 10 can drive the driven bevel gear 11 to rotate, which in turn drives the adsorption component 7 to rotate. This allows the adsorption component 7 to drive the body 5 to rotate around the central axis of the driven bevel gear 11, thereby adjusting the angle of the body 5 so that the welding head 1 can weld each surface of the body 5 sequentially. As a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the drive bevel gear 10 is smaller than that of the driven bevel gear 11, thereby achieving an energy-saving effect.

[0065] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, a beam sleeve 12 is fitted at the end of the telescopic beam 8 away from the conveyor line. A lifting beam 13 is fixed to one side of the beam sleeve 12. The lifting beam 13 drives the beam sleeve 12 and the telescopic beam 8 to rise and fall. The lifting beam 13, the telescopic beam 8 and the adsorption component 7 cooperate with the rotation of the adsorption component 7 to change the surface of the body 5.

[0066] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the lifting beam 13 has an L-shaped bottom beam 14 on one side below it. The lifting beam 13 and the bottom beam 14 are slidably connected on the vertical side. Specifically, a limiting block 15 is connected to one end of the lifting beam 13 near the vertical side of the bottom beam 14. The limiting block 15 is slidably connected to the vertical side of the bottom beam 14, so that the lifting beam 13 will not deviate from the vertical side of the bottom beam 14 when it is lifted and lowered; and the bottom beam 14 can slide in the direction of movement of the conveyor line 6.

[0067] In the above scheme, such as Figure 8 As shown, a first telescopic member 16 is connected between the inner wall of the telescopic arm 2 and the articulated arm 3, and a second telescopic member 17 is connected between the articulated arm 3 and the lifting arm 4.

[0068] A third telescopic component 18 is connected between the telescopic beam 8 and the beam sleeve 12. A fourth telescopic component 19 is connected between the lifting beam 13 and the bottom beam 14. A fifth telescopic component 20 is fixedly connected to the transverse side of the bottom beam 14. The fixed end of the fifth telescopic component 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 21.

[0069] like Figure 8 As shown, the interior of the lifting arm 4 is hollow. A sixth telescopic member 22 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the lifting arm 4. A fixed arm 23 is provided below the lifting arm 4. The fixed arm 23 is fixed to the base plate 21 through the base. The lifting arm 4 and the fixed arm 23 are slidably connected.

[0070] It should be noted that the first telescopic component 16, the second telescopic component 17, the third telescopic component 18, the fourth telescopic component 19, the fifth telescopic component 20, and the sixth telescopic component 22 can be hydraulic rods or other components with linear motion.

[0071] like Figure 9 As shown, this welding device can perform centralized operations on a batch of bodies 5, and several welding heads 1, adsorption components 7 and auxiliary parts can be set on both sides of the conveyor line 6 to achieve batch processing. In this embodiment, there is a set of welding heads 1 and a set of adsorption components 7.

[0072] Example 2: The technical solution of this example differs from that of Example 1 in that, as follows... Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, a hinge sleeve 24 is fixedly connected to one end of the welding head 1 near the telescopic arm 2. The hinge sleeve 24 is hinged to the rotating shaft inside the telescopic arm 2. An arc-shaped rod 25 is fixedly connected to one side of the hinge sleeve 24. The arc-shaped rod 25 is concentric with the hinge sleeve 24. An arc-shaped sleeve 26 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the telescopic arm 2. The bottom end of the arc-shaped rod 25 is slidably connected to the arc-shaped sleeve 26.

[0073] In order to keep the welding head 1 in a stable vertical position without external force control, a protrusion 27 is fixed to the top of the arc rod 25, and a stop block 28 is fixed to the top of the inner wall of the telescopic arm 2. The stop block 28 can block the protrusion 27.

[0074] Example 3: The technical solution of this example differs from that of Example 2 in that this example specifically describes the specific solution of the reciprocating drive component, such as... Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, the reciprocating drive assembly includes a pressure block 29 fixed to the bottom of the hinge sleeve 24. A turntable 30 is provided on the side of the pressure block 29 away from the welding head 1. A drive member 31 is fixed to the side of the turntable 30 near the pressure block 29. The drive member 31 is a closed ring with undulations, preferably with the undulations being evenly distributed in size. A second motor 32 is fixed to the end of the turntable 30 away from the drive member 31. A telescopic box 33 is installed outside the second motor 32. The telescopic box 33 is slidably installed inside the telescopic arm 2. A seventh telescopic member 34 is connected between one end of the telescopic box 33 and the inner wall of the telescopic arm 2.

[0075] Combination Figure 12 , Figure 13As shown, in the above scheme, the second motor 32 drives the turntable 30 and the driving component 31 to rotate, thereby causing the undulating structure on the driving component 31 to continuously press the pressure block 29, so that the hinge sleeve 24 and the pressure block 29 are in a reciprocating rotational motion state. Thus, when the welding head 1 continuously welds the seam on the body 5, the reciprocating welding head 1 forms a weld point 35 on the seam. Due to the reciprocating motion of the welding head 1 and the continuous energy generated by the welding head 1, the subsequent solder can cover the solder of the previous stroke, forming an accumulation, thereby improving the firmness.

[0076] The function of the seventh telescopic component 34 is to change the stroke of the driving component 31 pressing the pressure block 29, thereby forming different solder accumulation densities to adapt to different welding conditions.

[0077] like Figure 11 As shown, in order to facilitate maintenance, a maintenance plate 36 is installed on the telescopic boom 2. The maintenance plate 36 is fixed to the telescopic boom 2 with bolts, thereby facilitating disassembly and maintenance.

[0078] Example 4: This example differs from Example 3 in that it provides a welding method for machining the housing of a central gearbox, including the following steps:

[0079] S1. Workpiece loading and preliminary positioning:

[0080] Conveying: The body 5 to be welded is placed on the conveyor line 6, which smoothly transports it to the welding station area.

[0081] Initial positioning and adsorption fixation: When the body 5 reaches the predetermined position, the adsorption component 7 located on one side of the conveyor line 6 is activated, generating a strong adsorption force to firmly adsorb and fix the body 5, preventing it from moving in subsequent operations.

[0082] S2. Precise adjustment of workpiece position before welding:

[0083] In order to sequentially adjust each surface to be welded on the main body 5 to the optimal position for welding, the device achieves this through the following combination of actions:

[0084] Horizontal movement: The bottom beam 14 that carries the adsorption component 7 can slide on the bottom plate 21 along the direction of the conveyor line 6 (driven by the fifth telescopic component 20) to achieve longitudinal positioning of the body 5.

[0085] Lifting: The lifting beam 13 can drive the beam sleeve 12, the telescopic beam 8 and the adsorption component 7 to move vertically as a whole (guided by the fourth telescopic component 19 and the limiting block 15), adjusting the height of the main body 5.

[0086] Telescopic: The telescopic beam 8 can extend and retract within the beam sleeve 12 (driven by the third telescopic component 18), enabling fine adjustment of the lateral position of the body 5 relative to the conveyor line 6.

[0087] Rotation: The first motor 9 starts and drives the meshing of the driven bevel gear 10 and the driven bevel gear 11, causing the entire adsorption component 7 and its adsorbed body 5 to rotate around the vertical axis, thereby turning different surfaces to be welded toward the direction of the welding head 1.

[0088] By combining and adjusting the above "sliding-lifting-extension-rotation" multi-degree-of-freedom functions, any seam on the main body 5 can be precisely aligned with the "sweeping surface" formed by the movement of the welding head 1.

[0089] S3. Welding Execution and Dynamic Welding Process:

[0090] Once one of the surfaces to be welded on body 5 is positioned, the welding actuator begins to operate:

[0091] Welding arm positioning: The lifting arm 4 adjusts its overall height through the internal sixth telescopic member 22; the hinge arm 3 can rotate around its hinge point with the lifting arm 4, and the telescopic arm 2 can move relative to the hinge arm 3 (driven by the second telescopic member 17 and the first telescopic member 16 respectively); by coordinating these movements, the welding head 1 can be precisely moved above the starting point of the joint.

[0092] Forming a "sweeping surface" and welding: The direction of the "welding line" (which can be understood as the axis of the welding wire or laser beam) of the welding head 1 can be changed by rotating the hinge arm 3; after starting welding, by controlling the continuous or step rotation of the hinge arm 3, and simultaneously coordinating with the extension and retraction of the telescopic arm 2, the welding head 1 moves along the joint trajectory, and the surface swept by its "welding line" constitutes the "sweeping surface", thereby completing the welding of the joint.

[0093] Dynamic strengthening welding: While the welding head 1 moves along the joint, its internal reciprocating drive component works synchronously; the second motor 32 drives the turntable 30 and the drive component 31 with concave and convex undulations to rotate. The drive component 31 continuously and periodically squeezes the pressure block 29 on the hinge sleeve 24 of the welding head 1, forcing the welding head 1 to reciprocate around its hinge axis with the telescopic arm 2 at a high frequency and a small angle; this oscillation causes disturbance in the molten pool, and the solder accumulates in a superimposed manner to form a denser and stronger weld (solder point 35 accumulation); by changing the contact position between the drive component 31 and the pressure block 29 through the seventh telescopic component 34, the oscillation amplitude can be adjusted to adapt to different process requirements.

[0094] S4. Workpiece face changing and cyclic operation:

[0095] After completing the welding of one side:

[0096] The welding actuators (welding head 1, telescopic arm 2, articulated arm 3, and lifting arm 4) are reset or moved to a safe position.

[0097] The workpiece position adjustment mechanism (adsorption component 7, telescopic beam 8, lifting beam 13, etc.) works together again to rotate and adjust the next surface to be welded of the body 5 to align with the "sweeping surface" of the welding head 1.

[0098] Repeat the above welding process until all surfaces of body 5 that require welding have been treated.

[0099] All mechanisms return to their positions, the adsorption component 7 releases the main body 5, and the conveyor line 6 sends out the welded workpiece; in batch mode, multiple sets of equipment can be arranged on both sides of the conveyor line 6 to realize streamlined parallel operation.

[0100] In summary, this invention, through the coordinated operation of a multi-directionally adjustable welding head 1, a multi-degree-of-freedom movable adsorption component 7, and a conveyor line 6, enables continuous and automatic welding of multiple surfaces of the main body 5 without altering its fixed posture. This design overcomes the limitations of traditional fixed-station, single-sided welding, and is particularly suitable for box-type and shell-type parts with multiple welding surfaces, significantly improving the degree of welding automation and the consistency of overall welding quality. The reciprocating drive component built into the welding head 1 allows for controllable reciprocating oscillation of the welding head. This dynamic welding process effectively covers and fuses the preceding weld points 35 with subsequent solder, forming a uniform solder accumulation layer at the joint. This not only enhances the mechanical properties and density of the weld but also allows for adaptation to welding conditions of different materials and strength requirements by adjusting the oscillation amplitude, achieving flexible and proactive strengthening of the welding process. Furthermore, by setting a single sweeping surface welding... The welding line of welding head 1 can form a fan-shaped sweeping surface as the articulated arm 3 rotates. Before welding, only the seam of body 5 needs to be adjusted to coincide with this sweeping surface. Subsequently, the welding torch can be precisely moved along the seam through the coordinated movement of telescopic arm 2 and articulated arm 3. There is no need to program the trajectory of welding head 1 separately and in a complicated way for each weld, which greatly simplifies the teaching and positioning process. It can focus on welding on the same working surface and improve the equipment's adaptability to workpieces of different sizes and preparation efficiency. By setting up adsorption component 7, and cooperating with telescopic beam 8, lifting beam 13 and rotational multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment mechanism, the device can perform precise face changing and angle fine adjustment of body 5 during welding. This design ensures that each surface to be welded can face the welding head 1 in the best posture. At the same time, the strong adsorption force provides stable non-contact or contact fixation, effectively avoiding welding deformation and position drift, and ensuring the continuity and accuracy of multi-face welding.

[0101] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0102] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0103] The devices or elements referred to in the embodiments of this application or implied herein must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise precisely specified.

[0104] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A welding apparatus for machining the housing of a central gearbox casing, comprising a welding head, characterized in that: One end of the welding head has a telescopic arm, and the end of the telescopic arm away from the welding head has a hinged arm, which is hingedly mounted on the lifting arm. The weld line of the weld joint forms a swept surface as the hinge arm rotates; One side of the welding head is hinged to the telescopic arm, and the hinge axis of the telescopic arm is parallel to the hinge axis of the hinge arm. The telescopic arm has a reciprocating drive assembly inside, which drives the welding head to reciprocate around its hinge axis. During welding, the conveyor line transports the body to below the welding head, so that the joint coincides with the swept surface; the telescopic arm and the articulated arm move in coordination to weld the joint on at least one side of the body. A hinge sleeve is fixed to one end of the welding head near the telescopic arm. The hinge sleeve is hinged to the rotating shaft inside the telescopic arm. An arc-shaped rod concentric with the hinge sleeve is fixed to one side of the hinge sleeve. An arc-shaped sleeve is fixed to the inner wall of the telescopic arm. The bottom end of the arc-shaped rod is slidably connected to the arc-shaped sleeve. The reciprocating drive assembly includes a pressure block fixed to the bottom of the hinge sleeve. The side of the pressure block away from the welding head has a turntable. A drive component is fixed to the side of the turntable near the pressure block. The drive component is a closed ring with undulating edges. A second motor is fixed to the end of the turntable away from the drive component. A telescopic box is installed outside the second motor. The telescopic box is slidably installed inside the telescopic arm. A seventh telescopic component is connected between one end of the telescopic box and the inner wall of the telescopic arm.

2. The welding apparatus for machining the housing of a central gearbox casing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the conveyor line has an adsorption element that can hold the body in place. A telescopic beam is provided on one side of the adsorption element, and one end of the adsorption element is rotatably connected to the telescopic beam. A first motor is installed on one end of the adsorption element.

3. The welding apparatus for machining the housing of a central gearbox casing as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The adsorption component is a suction cup or an electromagnet.

4. The welding apparatus for machining the housing of a central gearbox casing as described in claim 2, characterized in that: A beam sleeve is fitted at the end of the telescopic beam away from the conveyor line. A lifting beam is fixed to one side of the beam sleeve. The lifting beam drives the beam sleeve and the telescopic beam to rise and fall. The lifting beam, the telescopic beam and the adsorption component change the surface of the main body.

5. The welding apparatus for machining the housing of a central gearbox casing as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The lifting beam has an L-shaped bottom beam on one side below it. The lifting beam and the bottom beam are slidably connected on the vertical side, and the bottom beam can slide in the direction of movement of the conveyor line.

6. The welding apparatus for machining the housing of a central gearbox casing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A first telescopic component connects the inner wall of the telescopic arm and the articulated arm, and a second telescopic component connects the articulated arm and the lifting arm.

7. The welding apparatus for machining the housing of a central gearbox casing as described in claim 5, characterized in that: A third telescopic component connects the telescopic beam to the beam sleeve, a fourth telescopic component connects the lifting beam to the bottom beam, and a fifth telescopic component is fixedly connected to the transverse side of the bottom beam. The fixed end of the fifth telescopic component is fixedly connected to the bottom plate.

8. The welding apparatus for machining the housing of a central gearbox casing as described in claim 2, characterized in that: A drive bevel gear is fixedly connected to the bottom output end of the first motor, and a driven bevel gear is fixedly connected to one end of the adsorption component. The drive bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear.

9. A welding method for machining a central gearbox housing, employing the welding apparatus for machining a central gearbox housing as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps; S1. The body to be welded is transported to the bottom of the welding head by the conveyor line, and the position of the body is adjusted so that the joint to be welded on the body coincides with the sweeping surface formed by the rotation of the hinge arm. S2. By rotating the articulated arm and extending the telescopic arm, the welding head is driven to move to the welding start position; S3. Start the welding head and reciprocating drive assembly. Driven by the reciprocating drive assembly, the welding head reciprocates around its own hinge axis. At the same time, through the rotation of the hinge arm and the extension and retraction of the telescopic arm, the welding head moves along the extension trajectory of the joint, thereby welding the joint on at least one surface of the body.

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