Photovoltaic-thermal catalytic coupling multi-stage energy storage trombe wall and temperature control method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of building-integrated solar energy (BISE) and discloses a multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall with photovoltaic-thermal catalytic coupling and a temperature control method. The Trombe wall includes a wall, a glass partition, a glass exterior wall, an inner ventilation and purification channel, an outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel, an upper vent, a lower vent, an outer vent, a baffle, and photovoltaic panels. The wall and glass partition are equipped with slots. An inner catalytic plate assembly is installed on the glass partition. A thermal catalytic panel is installed on the wall. A serpentine water pipe is installed inside the thermal catalytic panel, and microchannel heat exchange tubes are embedded in the gaps between the serpentine water pipes. The microchannel heat exchange tubes are filled with phase change material. The temperature control method has two modes: a high-temperature summer environment operation mode and a low-temperature winter environment operation mode. This invention integrates multiple functions such as photovoltaic power generation, air purification, ventilation regulation, and phase change energy storage, realizing efficient multi-stage utilization of solar energy and seasonal adaptive operation. This invention is applicable to the building-integrated solar energy industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building-integrated solar energy, specifically a multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall with photovoltaic-thermal catalytic coupling and a temperature control method. Background Technology

[0002] Trombe walls are a unique type of solar energy collection wall that passively collects solar energy to heat buildings without the need for mechanical power or traditional energy sources. Trombe walls achieve thermal pressure ventilation and heating / heat storage through air channels formed between the glass and the wall, reducing the building's dependence on traditional energy sources and meeting low-carbon building requirements.

[0003] In recent years, research on the optimization of Trombe walls has made some progress. For example, patent CN110779137A discloses a Trombe wall suitable for multi-story buildings. A glass partition is installed between glass walls to divide the air passage into inner and outer layers, allowing for free switching between ventilated and sealed states. A rotatable first baffle is installed at the wall ventilation opening to prevent air from flowing back from lower floors to higher floors in multi-story buildings. While this patent improves natural ventilation, its function is limited to ventilation and basic heating. In winter, the diurnal temperature range can reach 8-12℃, and this patent relies solely on solar energy to heat the air, lacking a continuous heat release mechanism at night, resulting in unsustainable heating during winter nights.

[0004] Patent CN113790492B discloses a Trombe wall that combines partial photovoltaic and thermocatalytic technologies. It integrates heating, ventilation, air purification, power generation, and hot water supply by embedding solar photovoltaic modules within a high-transmittance glass panel, loading a thermocatalytic coating onto the surface of a metal heat-absorbing plate, and using a serpentine tube. Compared to patent CN110779137A, its functionality is more comprehensive, but it still has the following drawbacks: its energy storage method is singular, relying solely on circulating water within the serpentine tube for short-term heat storage, which is insufficient for continuous indoor heating during winter nights; correspondingly, the efficiency of recovering excess heat in summer is also low. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall and temperature control method that couples photovoltaic and thermocatalytic energy storage, thereby achieving efficient multi-stage utilization of solar energy and seasonal adaptive operation through the integrated synergistic effect of photovoltaic power generation, air purification, ventilation regulation, and multi-stage energy storage.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] This invention provides a multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall with photovoltaic-thermal catalytic coupling, comprising a wall, a glass outer wall, and a glass partition wall disposed between the wall and the glass outer wall. An inner ventilation and purification channel is formed between the glass partition wall and the wall, and an outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel is formed between the glass partition wall and the glass outer wall. The wall has upper and lower ventilation openings spaced vertically, and the glass partition wall has an outer ventilation opening at the position corresponding to the upper ventilation opening. The tops of the wall, the glass partition wall, and the glass outer wall are connected to a ventilation cap. A baffle is rotatably disposed in the inner ventilation and purification channel, and the baffle is controlled to rotate by a drive component. Photovoltaic panels are embedded in the glass outer wall. The wall and the glass partition wall are provided with slots that are adapted to the baffle. When the baffle engages with the wall slot, the upper ventilation opening is closed and the outer ventilation opening is opened. When the baffle engages with the glass partition wall slot, the outer ventilation opening is closed and the upper ventilation opening is opened.

[0008] An inner catalytic plate assembly with a first catalyst coating is installed on the side of the glass partition facing the wall; a thermal catalytic panel with a second catalyst coating is installed on the side of the wall facing the glass partition; a serpentine water pipe is installed inside the thermal catalytic panel, and a microchannel heat exchange tube is embedded in the gap between the serpentine water pipe, and the microchannel heat exchange tube is filled with phase change material.

[0009] As a limitation of the present invention: the gap between the outer wall of the microchannel heat exchange tube and the outer wall of the serpentine water tube is filled with thermally conductive adhesive.

[0010] As a further limitation of the present invention: both the first catalyst coating and the second catalyst coating are transition metal oxides MnO. X -CeO2 thermal catalyst coating, with a thickness of 5μm to 20μm.

[0011] As a further limitation of the present invention: the photovoltaic panel array arrangement has a photovoltaic panel coverage of 0.5 to 0.7 on the glass exterior wall.

[0012] As another limitation of the present invention: a first heat-conducting sheet is fixedly provided on the side of the glass outer wall facing the glass partition wall, and a second heat-conducting sheet is fixedly fixed vertically on the first heat-conducting sheet. The first heat-conducting sheet extends in a vertical direction, and the second heat-conducting sheet extends in a horizontal direction. The second heat-conducting sheet passes through the glass partition wall and extends into the inner ventilation and purification channel. The inner catalytic plate group is fixed to one end of the second heat-conducting sheet located in the inner ventilation and purification channel.

[0013] As a further limitation of the present invention: the internal catalyst plate group includes a plurality of internal catalyst plates arranged in parallel and spaced apart and extending in a vertical direction, and the internal catalyst plate group has a fin structure.

[0014] As a further limitation of the present invention: an external heat sink assembly is fixed on the side of the first heat-conducting sheet facing the glass partition wall. The external heat sink assembly includes a plurality of parallel and spaced external heat sinks that extend in the vertical direction. The external heat sink assembly has a fin structure.

[0015] As a further limitation of the present invention: both the first heat-conducting sheet and the second heat-conducting sheet are made of aluminum alloy.

[0016] As another limitation of the present invention: a guide plate is provided on the glass partition wall near the external ventilation opening. The guide plate is located in the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel. The bottom end of the guide plate is connected to the glass partition wall, and the top end of the guide plate extends upward and in a direction away from the glass partition wall.

[0017] This invention also provides a temperature control method that employs a multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall with photovoltaic-thermal catalytic coupling. This method includes the following operating modes:

[0018] Operating mode in high-temperature environments during summer:

[0019] Synergistic airflow circulation and ventilation / heat dissipation: The control baffle swings until it engages with the wall slot, thereby closing the upper ventilation opening and opening the outer ventilation opening on the glass partition wall. This forms a one-way heat dissipation airflow path from the interior through the inner ventilation and purification channel, then through the outer ventilation opening into the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel, and finally through the ventilation cap to the outside, achieving rapid ventilation and cooling of the interior.

[0020] Photovoltaic-thermal catalysis: Sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic panel to generate electricity and heat. The heat is transferred through the first heat-conducting sheet to the outer heat dissipation sheet group in the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel for heat dissipation. At the same time, it is transferred through the second heat-conducting sheet to the inner catalytic sheet group in the inner ventilation and purification channel to stimulate the catalytic reaction and purify the air flowing through the inner ventilation and purification channel, thus completing the functions of ventilation, heat dissipation and purification simultaneously.

[0021] Multi-level energy storage synergy: In summer, the multi-level energy storage system operates in the form of waste heat recovery; after absorbing the heat transferred by the second heat-conducting plate, the thermal catalytic panel assists the inner catalytic plate group in enhancing the purification effect, and at the same time transfers a small amount of waste heat to the circulating water through the serpentine water pipe. The serpentine water pipe is connected to the indoor hot water supply system to achieve a light recovery and utilization of waste heat; in addition, the phase change material in the microchannel heat exchange tube absorbs only a small amount of heat to maintain the basic heat storage state, avoiding heat accumulation that affects the ventilation efficiency of the inner ventilation purification channel and the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel;

[0022] Winter low-temperature environment operation mode:

[0023] Airflow circulation and heating coordination: The control baffle swings to engage with the slot on the glass partition wall to close the external vent and open the upper vent; indoor cold air enters the inner ventilation and purification channel through the lower vent and flows through the inner catalytic plate group and the thermal catalytic panel; under sunlight, the heat generated by the photovoltaic panel is transferred to the inner catalytic plate group through the second heat conduction plate, while the thermal catalytic panel absorbs the direct sunlight heat, together heating the air in the inner ventilation and purification channel; the heated air returns to the room through the upper vent under thermal pressure, forming a closed-loop heating airflow path that circulates between the room and the inner ventilation and purification channel;

[0024] Photovoltaic-Thermocatalytic-Energy Storage Synergy: The heat generated by the photovoltaic panel is transferred to the inner catalytic plate group and the thermocatalytic panel through the first and second heat-conducting plates. On the one hand, it is used to heat the circulating air and stimulate the catalytic purification reaction. On the other hand, it is transferred to the serpentine water pipe through the thermocatalytic panel to heat the circulating water inside the serpentine water pipe. At the same time, the phase change material in the microchannel heat exchange tube absorbs the heat transferred from the serpentine water pipe and the thermocatalytic panel to achieve heat storage. At night or when there is no sunlight, the phase change material slowly releases the stored heat and transfers it to the serpentine water pipe and the thermocatalytic panel through the microchannel heat exchange tube. On the one hand, it maintains the basic reaction temperature of the second catalyst coating to ensure mild air purification at night. On the other hand, it is connected to the indoor heating system through the serpentine water pipe to continuously release heat into the room, realizing continuous operation of daytime heating and nighttime energy storage and heat release.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0026] This invention selectively engages the baffle with the groove of the wall / glass partition, realizing the switching between winter and summer operation modes; in summer, it forms a one-way ventilation and heat dissipation path from indoor to outdoor, quickly expelling hot indoor air; in winter, it forms a closed-loop circulation heating path from indoor to indoor, effectively preventing heat loss.

[0027] The glass exterior wall is embedded with photovoltaic panels, and the waste heat from the photovoltaic system is directionally transferred through the first and second heat-conducting sheets. This allows the redundant heat generated by the photovoltaic power generation to be directed to the external heat dissipation fins to enhance heat dissipation and protect the efficiency of the photovoltaic panels, and to the internal catalytic fins to provide a stable heat source for the catalytic reaction, thus achieving efficient synergy between power generation, heat dissipation and purification.

[0028] This invention integrates a serpentine water pipe and a microchannel heat exchanger within the thermal catalytic panel, with the microchannel heat exchanger filled with a phase change material. This allows for operation in summer using a waste heat recovery mode to supply domestic hot water, and in winter using a heat storage and heating mode, storing heat during the day and continuously releasing it at night. This solves the problems of existing patents, such as the limited energy storage methods and the inability to provide continuous heating at night in winter, significantly improving indoor thermal stability.

[0029] In summary, this invention integrates multiple functions such as photovoltaic power generation, air purification, ventilation regulation, and phase change energy storage, realizing efficient multi-level utilization of solar energy and seasonal adaptive operation; this invention is applicable to the building-integrated solar energy industry. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 for Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle;

[0033] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of part B;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first heat-conducting sheet, the second heat-conducting sheet, the outer heat dissipation sheet group, and the inner catalytic sheet group in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the thermocatalytic panel in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a side view of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Floor slab; 2. Wall; 3. Glass partition wall; 4. Glass exterior wall; 5. Lower vent; 6. Upper vent; 7. External vent; 8. Partition; 9. Baffle; 10. Slot; 11. Guide plate; 12. Ventilation cap; 13. Photovoltaic panel; 14. First heat-conducting fin; 15. Second heat-conducting fin; 16. External heat dissipation fin assembly; 161. External heat dissipation fin; 17. Internal catalytic fin assembly; 171. Internal catalytic fin; 18. Thermal catalytic panel; 19. Second catalyst coating; 20. Serpentine water pipe; 21. Water inlet; 22. Water outlet; 23. Microchannel heat exchange tube. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the photovoltaic-thermocatalytic coupled multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall and temperature control method described herein are preferred embodiments, and are only used for illustration and explanation of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0039] The directional terms or positional relationships such as "up," "down," "left," and "right" used in the embodiments are based on the accompanying drawings of this invention. Figure 1The orientation relationships are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the content protected by the present invention.

[0040] Example 1: Multi-stage Trombe wall for photovoltaic-thermocatalytic coupling

[0041] like Figures 1-6 As shown, this embodiment includes a wall 2, a glass outer wall 4, and a glass partition 3 arranged parallel to the wall 2 and the glass outer wall 4. An inner ventilation and purification channel is formed between the glass partition 3 and the wall 2, and an outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel is formed between the glass partition 3 and the glass outer wall 4. This dual channel ensures both functional independence and energy linkage, accommodating ventilation, power generation, purification, and energy storage needs. Upper ventilation openings 6 and lower ventilation openings 5 ​​are arranged vertically at intervals on the wall 2, and an outer ventilation opening 7 is arranged on the glass partition 3 corresponding to the position of the upper ventilation opening 6. A ventilation cap 12 is connected to the top of the wall 2, the glass partition 3, and the glass outer wall 4. The ventilation cap 12 can be rotated around its axis to adjust its angle, guiding outdoor airflow into the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel and adjusting the air pressure within the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel by controlling its opening size. This, combined with the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, improves airflow circulation efficiency. The structure of the ventilation cap 12 can be referenced from the structure in patent publication number CN110779137A. A baffle 9 is rotatably installed in the inner ventilation and purification channel. The baffle is controlled to rotate by a stepper motor. The stepper motor is powered by photovoltaic panels 13, eliminating the need for an external power grid and further reducing operating energy consumption, in line with the concept of low-carbon buildings. Photovoltaic panels 13 are embedded in the glass exterior wall 4. The photovoltaic panels 13 are arranged in an array, and the coverage of photovoltaic panels 13 on the glass exterior wall 4 is 0.5-0.7, which ensures sufficient solar transmittance while maximizing the utilization of solar power generation. This part belongs to the prior art and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a three-story building is used as an illustration in this embodiment, and the space between two adjacent floor slabs 1 is one floor.

[0043] The main improvements in this embodiment are as follows:

[0044] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown, a partition 8 is fixedly installed on the floor slab 1 near the upper ventilation opening 6, corresponding to the inner ventilation and purification channel. A baffle 9 is rotatably installed below the partition 8. The longitudinal section of the baffle 9 is rectangular. The wall 2 and the glass partition 3 are both provided with slots 10 that fit the baffle 9. The shape of the slots 10 matches the bottom edge of the baffle 9, so that when the baffle 9 swings to the left... Figure 1In the first layer, the bottom left edge of the baffle 9 is inserted into the upper slot 10 of the glass partition 3, the external vent 7 is closed and the upper vent 6 is open. This is suitable for winter, when air enters through the lower vent 5, is heated by sunlight, and then flows back into the room through the upper vent 6, increasing the room temperature; when the baffle 9 swings to the right, see Figure 1 In the third layer, the bottom right edge of the baffle 9 is inserted into the slot 10 on the wall 2. The upper vent 6 is closed while the outer vent 7 is open. This is suitable for summer, as air enters through the lower vent 5 and exits through the outer vent 7, increasing air circulation and reducing heat retention. It should be noted that the baffle 9 is made of ferromagnetic material. The baffle 9 is fixed to the slot 10 by magnetic attraction. The stepper motor drives the baffle 9 to rotate until its edge extends into the slot 10, where it is fixed by magnetic attraction with the magnet installed in the slot 10.

[0045] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, an inner catalytic converter assembly 17 with a surface coated with a first catalyst coating is fixedly installed on the side of the glass partition 3 facing the wall 2. The inner catalytic converter assembly 17 is located in the inner ventilation and purification channel, as shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown, the internal catalyst assembly 17 includes multiple parallel, spaced-apart internal catalyst plates 171 extending vertically, and the internal catalyst assembly 17 has a fin structure. The first catalyst coating is a transition metal oxide MnO. X -CeO2 thermal catalyst coating, with a thickness of 5μm to 20μm, is the first catalyst coating design, which belongs to the prior art. It can generate strong oxidizing lattice oxygen under thermal excitation to achieve the degradation of organic pollutants.

[0046] like Figure 1 , 5 As shown, a thermal catalytic panel 18 with a second catalyst coating 19 is provided on the side of wall 2 facing the glass partition 3. The thermal catalytic panel 18 is embedded in wall 2 and is detachably mounted on wall 2 via a standardized interface. The second catalyst coating 19 is also a transition metal oxide MnO. XA CeO2 thermal catalyst coating, with a thickness of 5μm to 20μm, is used to purify the air in the inner ventilation and purification channel by direct sunlight activating the second catalyst coating 19. A serpentine water pipe 20 is fixedly installed inside the thermal catalyst panel 18. The inlet 21 and outlet 22 of the serpentine water pipe 20 are located on one side, with the inlet 21 on the upper side and the outlet 22 on the lower side, forming a closed-loop water system. The serpentine water pipe 20 can be connected to an indoor heating system or hot water supply system to achieve heat storage and secondary utilization. Microchannel heat exchange tubes 23 are embedded in the gaps of the serpentine water pipe 20. The microchannel heat exchange tubes 23 are filled with a phase change material (PCM). The PCM is an existing material; in this embodiment, a paraffin composite can be selected, which can achieve energy storage and heat storage during the day and continuous, slow heat release at night. Thermally conductive adhesive is filled in the gap between the outer wall of the microchannel heat exchange tube 23 and the outer wall of the serpentine water pipe 20 to reduce contact thermal resistance.

[0047] The thermal catalytic panel 18 integrates dual functions: the second catalyst coating 19 on the surface achieves air purification, and the embedded serpentine water pipe 20 and microchannel heat exchange pipe 23 achieve heat transfer and energy storage, integrating the "purification" and "energy storage" functions into a single structure, reducing redundancy in the internal structure of the wall; combined with the power generation function of the photovoltaic panel 13 and the airflow control function of the ventilation and regulation system, it ultimately achieves a four-effect synergy of photovoltaic power generation, air purification, ventilation and regulation, and multi-level energy storage. Compared with the traditional Trombe wall with only a single heating / ventilation function, it has a more comprehensive functional coverage and is adapted to the comprehensive needs of modern buildings for low carbon, health, and high efficiency.

[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 1 and 4, this embodiment also includes a first heat-conducting sheet 14, a second heat-conducting sheet 15, and an external heat sink assembly 16.

[0049] The first heat-conducting sheet 14 is fixed to the side of the glass outer wall 4 facing the glass partition wall 3, and the second heat-conducting sheet 15 is fixed perpendicularly to the first heat-conducting sheet 14. The first heat-conducting sheet 14 and the second heat-conducting sheet 15 are located in the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel. The first heat-conducting sheet 14 extends vertically, and the second heat-conducting sheet 15 extends horizontally. This structure is used to achieve the directional distribution of redundant heat from the photovoltaic panel 13. That is, in summer, the heat is preferentially transferred to the outer heat sink 161 through the first heat-conducting sheet 14, and the heat is quickly dissipated with the help of airflow. In winter, the heat is preferentially transferred to the inner catalytic plate group 17 and the thermal catalytic panel 18 through the second heat-conducting sheet 15 for heating and purification, avoiding heat loss to the outside and maximizing energy utilization efficiency. The second heat-conducting sheet 15 penetrates the glass partition wall 3 and extends into the inner ventilation and purification channel. The inner catalytic plate group 17 is fixed to one end of the second heat-conducting sheet 15 in the inner ventilation and purification channel (i.e., the right end of the second heat-conducting sheet 15). Both the first heat-conducting sheet 14 and the second heat-conducting sheet 15 are made of aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity, which can quickly conduct the redundant heat generated by the photovoltaic panel 13 when it generates electricity, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel 13.

[0050] The external heat sink assembly 16 is fixed to the side of the first heat-conducting fin 14 facing the glass partition 3, and the external heat sink assembly 16 is located in the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the external heat sink assembly 16 includes multiple parallel and spaced external heat sinks 161 extending in the vertical direction. The external heat sink assembly 16 has a fin structure, which can increase the contact area with the air in the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel, and can quickly dissipate the redundant heat of the photovoltaic panel 13, avoiding the photovoltaic panel 13 from overheating and reducing the power generation efficiency. At the same time, the waste heat can also stimulate the first catalyst coating on the inner catalyst assembly 17 to purify the air in the inner ventilation and purification channel.

[0051] To improve this embodiment, such as Figure 1 , 3 As shown, a guide plate 11 is installed on the glass partition 3 near the external vent 7. The guide plate 11 is located in the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel. The bottom end of the guide plate 11 is fixedly connected to the glass partition 3, and the top end of the guide plate 11 extends upward and away from the glass partition 3, that is, it extends to the upper left. The guide plate 11 can reduce backflow vortices during airflow, optimize the airflow path, reduce flow resistance, prevent airflow backflow, and ensure that the airflow can circulate stably along the preset path in both winter and summer modes, avoiding a decrease in heating or heat dissipation efficiency due to airflow turbulence. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the longitudinal section of the guide plate 11 is triangular, that is, all three sides of the guide plate 11 are planes. The guide plate 11 can also be replaced with other structures, such as making the side of the guide plate 11 near the external vent 7 curved, as long as it can extend to the upper left and can block part of the external vent 7 in the horizontal direction.

[0052] The core advantage of this embodiment lies in the deep synergy between the ventilation and regulation system, the photovoltaic-thermal catalytic system, and the multi-level energy storage system. Through the linkage between the structures, the entire process of solar energy collection, energy conversion, purification and ventilation, and energy storage and utilization is achieved with high efficiency.

[0053] Example 2 Temperature Control Method

[0054] This embodiment uses the photovoltaic-thermal catalytic coupling multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall from Embodiment 1. This embodiment includes the following two operating modes:

[0055] I. Operating mode in high-temperature environments during summer;

[0056] Synergistic airflow circulation and ventilation / heat dissipation: A stepper motor controls the baffle 9 to swing and engage with the slot 10 on the wall 2, closing the upper vent 6 and opening the outer vent 7 on the glass partition 3. This creates a unidirectional airflow path from the interior through the inner ventilation and purification channel, then through the outer vent 7 into the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel, and finally out through the ventilation cap 12 to the outside, achieving rapid indoor ventilation and cooling. Specifically, hot indoor air enters the inner ventilation and purification channel through the lower vent 5 under thermal pressure. Guided by the guide plate 11, it flows upward along the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel. Simultaneously, the ventilation cap 12 is adjusted to its maximum opening, allowing low-temperature outdoor airflow to enter the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel, creating a pressure difference between the inside and outside, accelerating the flow of air from the inner ventilation and purification channel to the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel. Finally, the purified air in the inner ventilation and purification channel merges with the air in the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel that has absorbed excess heat from the photovoltaic panels 13, and is discharged outdoors through the ventilation cap 12, achieving rapid indoor ventilation and cooling.

[0057] Photovoltaic-thermal catalytic synergy: When sunlight shines on the glass exterior wall 4, the photovoltaic panels 13 generate electricity and heat. The electricity powers equipment such as stepper motors, and the heat is transferred through the first heat-conducting sheet 14 to the outer heat dissipation fin group 16 in the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel for heat dissipation. The hot air exchanges heat with the low-temperature airflow in the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel, quickly removing the heat from the photovoltaic panels 13 and preventing it from reducing power generation efficiency due to excessive temperature. At the same time, the heat is transferred through the second heat-conducting sheet 15 to the inner catalytic sheet group 17 in the inner ventilation and purification channel to activate the catalytic reaction. When the first catalyst coating on the surface of the inner catalytic sheet group 17 reaches the reaction start temperature, it activates strong oxidizing lattice oxygen, which degrades organic pollutants in the indoor air flowing through the inner ventilation and purification channel and completes the purification, thus simultaneously achieving ventilation, heat dissipation, and purification functions.

[0058] Multi-stage energy storage synergy: Since large-scale energy storage for heating is not required in summer, the multi-stage energy storage system operates through waste heat recovery. After absorbing heat transferred from the second heat-conducting plate 15, the thermal catalytic panel 18 assists the inner catalytic plate group 17 in enhancing the purification effect. Simultaneously, a small amount of waste heat is transferred to the circulating water via the serpentine water pipe 20, which connects to the indoor hot water supply system, achieving a light recovery and utilization of waste heat. Furthermore, the phase change material within the microchannel heat exchange tube 23 absorbs only a small amount of heat to maintain a basic heat storage state, preventing heat accumulation from affecting the ventilation efficiency of the inner ventilation and purification channel and the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel.

[0059] II. Operating mode in low-temperature winter environments;

[0060] Airflow circulation and heating are coordinated: The stepper motor controls the baffle 9 to swing and engage with the slot 10 on the glass partition 3 to close the external vent 7 and open the upper vent 6. Indoor cold air enters the inner ventilation and purification channel through the lower vent 5 and flows through the inner catalytic plate group 17 and the thermal catalytic panel 18. Under sunlight, the heat generated by the photovoltaic panel 13 is transferred to the inner catalytic plate group 17 through the second heat-conducting plate 15. At the same time, the thermal catalytic panel 18 absorbs the direct sunlight heat (the second catalyst coating 19 starts purification simultaneously), together heating the air in the inner ventilation and purification channel. The heated air returns to the room through the upper vent 6 under thermal pressure, forming a closed-loop heating airflow path that circulates between the room and the inner ventilation and purification channel.

[0061] Photovoltaic-Thermocatalytic-Energy Storage Synergy: In winter, the redundant heat from the photovoltaic panel 13 is preferentially used for catalytic purification and energy storage. Specifically, the heat generated by the photovoltaic panel 13 is transferred to the inner catalytic plate group 17 and the thermocatalytic panel 18 through the first heat-conducting plate 14 and the second heat-conducting plate 15. On the one hand, it is used to heat the circulating air and stimulate the catalytic purification reaction; on the other hand, it is transferred to the serpentine water pipe 20 through the thermocatalytic panel 18 to heat the circulating water inside the serpentine water pipe 20. At the same time, the phase change material in the microchannel heat exchange tube 23 absorbs the heat transferred from the serpentine water pipe 20 and the thermocatalytic panel 18 to achieve heat storage. At night or when there is no sunlight, the phase change material slowly releases the stored heat, which is transferred to the serpentine water pipe 20 and the thermocatalytic panel 18 through the microchannel heat exchange tube 23. On the one hand, it maintains the basic reaction temperature of the second catalyst coating 19 to ensure mild air purification at night; on the other hand, it is connected to the indoor heating system through the serpentine water pipe 20 to continuously release heat into the room, realizing continuous operation of daytime heating and nighttime energy storage and heat release.

[0062] Airflow optimization and coordination: In winter, the ventilation cap 12 is adjusted to a small opening to maintain only slight ventilation in the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel to avoid condensation on the photovoltaic panel 13 at night. At the same time, the guide plate 11 ensures that there is no backflow of air in the inner ventilation and purification channel, thereby improving heating and circulation efficiency.

[0063] It should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall with photovoltaic-thermal catalytic coupling, comprising a wall, a glass outer wall, and a glass partition wall disposed between the wall and the glass outer wall, wherein an inner ventilation and purification channel is formed between the glass partition wall and the wall, and an outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel is formed between the glass partition wall and the glass outer wall; upper and lower ventilation openings are arranged vertically at intervals on the wall, and outer ventilation openings are arranged on the glass partition wall corresponding to the positions of the upper ventilation openings; a ventilation cap is connected to the top of the wall, the glass partition wall, and the glass outer wall; a baffle is rotatably disposed in the inner ventilation and purification channel, and the baffle is controlled to rotate by a driving component; photovoltaic panels are embedded in the glass outer wall; characterized in that... The walls and glass partitions are equipped with slots that fit the baffles. When the baffles engage with the wall slots, the upper ventilation opening is closed and the outer ventilation opening is opened. When the baffles engage with the glass partition slots, the outer ventilation opening is closed and the upper ventilation opening is opened. An inner catalytic plate assembly with a first catalyst coating is provided on the side of the glass partition facing the wall; a thermal catalytic panel with a second catalyst coating is provided on the side of the wall facing the glass partition. The thermocatalytic panel has a serpentine water pipe inside, and microchannel heat exchange tubes are embedded in the gaps between the serpentine water pipes. The microchannel heat exchange tubes are filled with phase change material. A first heat-conducting sheet is fixed on the side of the glass exterior wall facing the glass partition wall. A second heat-conducting sheet is fixed vertically on the first heat-conducting sheet. The first heat-conducting sheet extends in a vertical direction, and the second heat-conducting sheet extends in a horizontal direction. The second heat-conducting sheet passes through the glass partition wall and extends into the inner ventilation and purification channel. The inner catalytic plate group is fixed to one end of the second heat-conducting sheet located in the inner ventilation and purification channel. A baffle plate is installed on the glass partition wall near the external ventilation opening. The baffle plate is located in the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel. The bottom end of the baffle plate is connected to the glass partition wall, and the top end of the baffle plate extends upward and in a direction away from the glass partition wall.

2. The photovoltaic-thermocatalytic coupled multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gap between the outer wall of the microchannel heat exchange tube and the outer wall of the serpentine water tube is filled with thermally conductive adhesive.

3. The photovoltaic-thermocatalytic coupled multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the first and second catalyst coatings are transition metal oxides (MnO). x -CeO2 thermal catalyst coating, with a thickness of 5μm to 20μm.

4. The photovoltaic-thermocatalytic coupled multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall according to claim 3, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel array is arranged such that the photovoltaic panels cover 0.5 to 0.7% of the glass exterior wall.

5. The photovoltaic-thermocatalytic coupled multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal catalytic plate assembly includes multiple parallel, spaced-apart internal catalytic plates that extend vertically. The internal catalytic plate assembly has a fin structure.

6. The photovoltaic-thermocatalytic coupled multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall according to claim 5, characterized in that, An external heat sink assembly is fixed to the side of the first heat-conducting plate facing the glass partition wall. The external heat sink assembly includes multiple parallel and spaced external heat sinks that extend vertically. The external heat sink assembly has a fin structure.

7. The photovoltaic-thermocatalytic coupled multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the first and second heat-conducting plates are made of aluminum alloy.

8. A temperature control method, employing the multi-stage energy storage Trombe wall of photovoltaic-thermal catalytic coupling as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, This method includes the following operating modes: Operating mode in high-temperature environments during summer: Synergistic airflow circulation and ventilation / heat dissipation: The drive unit controls the baffle to swing and engage with the wall slot, thereby closing the upper ventilation opening and opening the outer ventilation opening on the glass partition wall. This forms a one-way heat dissipation airflow path from the interior through the inner ventilation and purification channel, then through the outer ventilation opening into the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel, and finally through the ventilation cap to the outside, achieving rapid ventilation and cooling of the interior. Photovoltaic-thermal catalysis: Sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic panel to generate electricity and heat. The heat is transferred through the first heat-conducting sheet to the outer heat dissipation sheet group in the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel for heat dissipation. At the same time, it is transferred through the second heat-conducting sheet to the inner catalytic sheet group in the inner ventilation and purification channel to stimulate the catalytic reaction and purify the air flowing through the inner ventilation and purification channel, thus completing the functions of ventilation, heat dissipation and purification simultaneously. Multi-level energy storage synergy: In summer, the multi-level energy storage system operates in the form of waste heat recovery; after absorbing the heat transferred by the second heat-conducting plate, the thermal catalytic panel assists the inner catalytic plate group in enhancing the purification effect, and at the same time transfers a small amount of waste heat to the circulating water through the serpentine water pipe. The serpentine water pipe is connected to the indoor hot water supply system to achieve a light recovery and utilization of waste heat; in addition, the phase change material in the microchannel heat exchange tube only absorbs part of the heat to maintain the basic heat storage state, avoiding heat accumulation that affects the ventilation efficiency of the inner ventilation purification channel and the outer photovoltaic heat exchange channel; Winter low-temperature environment operation mode: Airflow circulation and heating are coordinated: The drive unit controls the baffle to swing and engage with the slot on the glass partition wall to close the external vent and open the upper vent; indoor cold air enters the inner ventilation and purification channel through the lower vent and flows through the inner catalytic plate group and the thermal catalytic panel; under sunlight, the heat generated by the photovoltaic panel is transferred to the inner catalytic plate group through the second heat conduction plate, while the thermal catalytic panel absorbs the direct sunlight heat, together heating the air in the inner ventilation and purification channel; the heated air returns to the room through the upper vent under thermal pressure, forming a closed-loop heating airflow path that circulates between the room and the inner ventilation and purification channel; Photovoltaic-Thermocatalytic-Energy Storage Synergy: The heat generated by the photovoltaic panel is transferred to the inner catalytic plate group and the thermocatalytic panel through the first and second heat-conducting plates. On the one hand, it is used to heat the circulating air and stimulate the catalytic purification reaction. On the other hand, it is transferred to the serpentine water pipe through the thermocatalytic panel to heat the circulating water inside the serpentine water pipe. At the same time, the phase change material in the microchannel heat exchange tube absorbs the heat transferred from the serpentine water pipe and the thermocatalytic panel to achieve heat storage. When there is no sunlight, the phase change material slowly releases the stored heat, which is transferred to the serpentine water pipe and the thermocatalytic panel through the microchannel heat exchange tube. On the one hand, it maintains the basic reaction temperature of the second catalyst coating to ensure mild air purification at night. On the other hand, it is connected to the indoor heating system through the serpentine water pipe to continuously release heat into the room, realizing continuous operation of daytime heating and nighttime energy storage and heat release.

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