Improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage and method of use thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of composite hydrogen storage, in particular to an improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage and a use method thereof, which comprises a hydrogen storage tank body and a solid-state hydrogen storage module arranged in the hydrogen storage tank body, the solid-state hydrogen storage module is filled with a hydrogen storage alloy, and an end interface for hydrogen charging and discharging is arranged on an end cover of the hydrogen storage tank body; the solid-state hydrogen storage module comprises a first hydrogen storage unit and a second hydrogen storage unit arranged axially along the hydrogen storage tank body, and a filtering unit arranged between the end interface and the first hydrogen storage unit; the filtering unit is arranged to be slidable, and the pressure difference between the high-pressure area naturally formed between the end interface and the first hydrogen storage unit and the low-pressure area at the bottom of the tank body during hydrogen charging is used as a driving force, during hydrogen charging, the pressure difference drives the filter screen body to avoid the main flow field, thereby reducing the airflow resistance and ensuring high-speed and high-efficiency hydrogen charging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of composite hydrogen storage technology, specifically an improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] When hydrogen storage devices are applied to long-haul heavy-duty commercial vehicles, a single truck needs to carry enough hydrogen for a range of 800-1000 kilometers or more. This places extremely high demands on the volumetric hydrogen storage density of the storage system. However, the space on both sides of the vehicle frame is precious and limited, making it impossible to stack long tubular gas cylinders indefinitely. To meet the required range, it may be necessary to install 6-8 70MPa Type IV hydrogen storage cylinders. This not only occupies a huge amount of space, but the potential risks posed by the total amount of high-pressure hydrogen also increase significantly with the number of cylinders. If a single cylinder leaks or fails, it may trigger a chain reaction. At the same time, multiple high-pressure cylinder valves, pipelines, and joints also increase the number of potential leak points.

[0003] Based on the above, a Chinese patent with publication number CN107270120A discloses a vehicle-mounted lightweight high-pressure metal hydride composite hydrogen storage tank, including a tank-shaped metal liner, with a fiber reinforcement layer and an outer fiber winding layer wound sequentially around the metal liner; left and right end plugs are respectively provided at both ends of the metal liner; multiple gas-guiding metal isolation filter plates are arranged at intervals along the tank axial direction in the inner cavity of the tank; and several hydrogen storage metal matrices are distributed between adjacent gas-guiding metal isolation filter plates along the tank axial direction. The structure is simple, the nominal working pressure is not less than 35MPa, the thermal conductivity is good, the hydrogen storage metal structure occupies less than 50% of the tank volume, and the hydrogen storage capacity is more than 1.5 times that of a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of the same specification.

[0004] In existing technologies, hydrogen storage alloys in solid-state hydrogen storage devices gradually pulverize due to volume expansion and contraction during repeated hydrogen absorption / desorption cycles. Even if hydrogen storage metal is deposited on a metal matrix to form an alloy sheet structure to mitigate this, the tendency to pulverize is an inherent property of the material. In the long run, this will still lead to material performance degradation, decreased thermal conductivity, and potential blockage of flow channels. Furthermore, during the hydrogen charging and discharging process, especially in the hydrogen storage stage, a pressure difference is formed on both sides of the filter plate, which slows down the rate at which hydrogen passes through the filter screen and affects the hydrogen storage efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides an improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage and a method for using the same. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: an improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage, comprising a hydrogen storage tank and a solid hydrogen storage module disposed therein, wherein the solid hydrogen storage module is filled with a hydrogen storage alloy, and the end cap of the hydrogen storage tank is provided with an end interface for filling and discharging hydrogen.

[0008] The solid hydrogen storage module includes a first hydrogen storage unit and a second hydrogen storage unit arranged along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage tank, and a filter unit disposed between the end interface and the first hydrogen storage unit.

[0009] The first hydrogen storage unit has a first channel for hydrogen to pass through, and the second hydrogen storage unit has a second channel.

[0010] It also includes a drive unit configured to drive the second hydrogen storage unit to rotate relative to the first hydrogen storage unit in response to temperature changes within the solid-state hydrogen storage module, thereby changing the relative position of the first channel and the second channel to optimize the hydrogen flow path.

[0011] The filtration unit is configured to avoid the main flow field to reduce flow resistance when the second hydrogen storage unit rotates to the first relative position, and to reset when it rotates to the second relative position, so as to filter out the hydrogen storage alloy powder carried in the output hydrogen gas.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes a thermal circulation unit, wherein the first hydrogen storage unit integrates a PCM storage box, and the thermal circulation unit includes fins inserted between adjacent hydrogen storage alloys, circulation pipes disposed in the PCM storage box, and connecting pipes for connecting adjacent fins and the circulation pipes; the circulation pipes and the connecting pipes are filled with a heat-conducting medium for transferring heat between the fins and the PCM material in the PCM storage box.

[0013] Preferably, the filtration unit includes a filter support and a filter body, the filter support being slidably disposed on the top of the first hydrogen storage unit; the space between the end interface and the first hydrogen storage unit constitutes a high-pressure zone, and the space between the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit constitutes a low-pressure zone; an abutment portion is fixedly connected to the filter support, and a fitting portion that mates with the abutment portion is fixedly connected to the filter body; when the filter body and the filter support are combined, the abutment portion engages with the fitting portion to provide a seal;

[0014] During hydrogen storage, the pressure difference between the high-pressure zone and the low-pressure zone acts on the filter support, causing the filter body and the filter support to move relative to each other to avoid the main flow field; during hydrogen release, the pressure difference decreases, the filter body returns to its original position, and the output hydrogen is filtered.

[0015] Preferably, the second hydrogen storage unit includes a second receiving seat, a disk, and a connecting rod fixedly connected to an eccentric position of the disk; the driving unit includes two parallel straight rods and a driving ring fixed between the two straight rods and perpendicular to the straight rods; two symmetrically arranged connecting seats are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank; the ends of the two straight rods are respectively inserted into the two connecting seats, one of the connecting seats is provided with a thermotropic sheet, and the other connecting seat is provided with a first spring; the end of the connecting rod extends into the oval hole of the driving ring.

[0016] Preferably, when the thermotropic sheet expands due to heat, it pushes the two straight rods and the drive ring together to move towards the connecting seat with the first spring, and compresses the first spring; the drive ring abuts against the end of the connecting rod through its inner wall, driving the second hydrogen storage unit to rotate; when the temperature drops and the thermotropic sheet contracts, the first spring provides a restoring force to make the straight rods and drive ring move in the opposite direction.

[0017] Preferably, the first hydrogen storage unit includes a first receiving seat, and a limiting slide rail is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank. A groove is provided on the side wall of the first receiving seat to cooperate with the limiting slide rail on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank, so as to limit the axial rotation of the first hydrogen storage unit.

[0018] An abutment plate is fixed to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank, and the first hydrogen storage unit is supported on the abutment plate.

[0019] Preferably, the sidewall edge of the second receiving seat slides into the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank to stabilize the axial rotation of the second hydrogen storage unit.

[0020] Preferably, it further includes a limiting unit, the limiting unit including a limiting rod that passes through and is parallel to the axial direction of the hydrogen storage tank body; one end of the limiting rod is movably connected to the filter support, and a second spring is sleeved on the limiting rod to provide a restoring force for the filter body; the other end of the limiting rod is also provided with a third spring that applies an axial elastic support force to the disk of the second hydrogen storage unit.

[0021] Preferably, the thermostrictive sheet is made of shape memory alloy or bimetallic sheet, and the phase transition temperature or coefficient of thermal expansion matches the reaction temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy.

[0022] A method of using an improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage includes the following steps:

[0023] Hydrogen charging process: Hydrogen enters the high-pressure zone from the end interface and flows through the first channel of the first hydrogen storage unit; the hydrogen storage alloy absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the heat is transferred to the circulation pipeline through the fins and connecting pipes to charge the PCM material in the PCM storage box; the heat release causes the thermotropic sheet to stretch and push the drive ring to move axially, which drives the second hydrogen storage unit to rotate through the connecting rod, so that the second channel is staggered with the first channel to form a cross flow channel; at the same time, the pressure difference between the high-pressure zone and the low-pressure zone drives the filter body to avoid the main flow field;

[0024] Hydrogen release process: When the end interface is opened, the hydrogen storage alloy releases hydrogen and absorbs heat. The heat stored in the PCM storage box is transferred in the reverse direction to the hydrogen storage alloy through the circulation pipeline, connecting pipe and fins to provide heat. The system temperature drops, the thermotropic sheet contracts, and under the action of the reset mechanism, the second hydrogen storage unit rotates in the reverse direction until the first channel and the second channel are aligned. At the same time, the gas pressure difference decreases, the filter body resets, and the output hydrogen is filtered.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] 1. The present invention discloses an improved composite hydrogen storage device and its usage method for hydrogen storage. By setting the filter unit to be slidable, and utilizing the pressure difference between the high-pressure zone naturally formed between the end interface and the first hydrogen storage unit and the low-pressure zone at the bottom of the tank during hydrogen filling as the driving force, this pressure difference drives the filter body to avoid the main flow field during hydrogen filling, thereby reducing airflow resistance and ensuring high-speed and efficient hydrogen filling. During hydrogen release, as the system depressurizes, the filter unit automatically resets under the reset action, effectively intercepting particles generated by the pulverization of the hydrogen storage alloy, realizing a switching mechanism of "avoiding during hydrogen filling and filtering during hydrogen release". This eliminates the continuous flow resistance loss caused by the fixed filter, while ensuring the purity of the output hydrogen, protecting downstream equipment, and achieving a balance between efficiency and safety.

[0027] 2. The improved composite hydrogen storage device and its usage method described in this invention integrate a thermal circulation unit consisting of fins, connecting pipes, circulation pipelines, and a PCM storage box. This unit stores the reaction heat released when the hydrogen storage alloy absorbs hydrogen in the PCM and precisely supplies this heat to the hydrogen storage alloy when releasing hydrogen, providing power for the endothermic reaction. This achieves internal circulation of thermal energy and "peak shaving and valley filling," minimizing dependence on external cooling / heating systems. Furthermore, a drive unit composed of thermostrictive plates automatically drives the second hydrogen storage unit to rotate in response to system temperature changes, altering the relative positions of the first and second channels to form cross-flow channels. This forces uniform hydrogen distribution, increases the contact area with the alloy, and eliminates "flow dead zones," significantly improving the utilization rate of the hydrogen storage alloy and the overall reaction rate. The optimized internal thermal energy-driven flow field design demonstrates excellent system integration and energy efficiency.

[0028] 3. The improved composite hydrogen storage device and its usage method described in this invention achieve extremely high volumetric hydrogen storage density in a single tank through a composite hydrogen storage mode of "solid-state hydrogen storage and gaseous hydrogen storage" and optimization of internal flow field and thermal management. Under the same hydrogen storage requirements, the number of hydrogen storage tanks required can be significantly reduced, saving valuable vehicle installation space. More importantly, due to the reduction in the number of high-pressure gas cylinders, the leakage points, potential risk points and maintenance complexity of the entire system are also greatly reduced, thereby improving the overall safety and reliability of the vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a front view of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Sectional view at point AA;

[0033] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Sectional view at point BB;

[0034] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Sectional view at CC;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a top view of the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit in this invention;

[0036] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Sectional view at point DD;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit in this invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the thermal cycling unit and the hydrogen storage alloy in this invention;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a top view of the first and second receiving seats in this invention;

[0040] Figure 11 yes Figure 5 Enlarged diagram of part a in the diagram;

[0041] In the diagram: 1. Hydrogen storage tank; 11. End cap; 111. End interface; 121. Limiting slide rail; 122. Connecting seat; 123. Abutment plate; 2. Solid hydrogen storage module; 21. First hydrogen storage unit; 211. PCM storage box; 212. First through groove; 22. Filtration unit; 221. Filter support; 222. Filter body; 223. Abutment part; 224. Fitting part; 23. Second hydrogen storage unit ; 231, disk; 232, connecting rod; 233, second through slot; 24, drive unit; 241, straight rod; 242, drive ring; 243, thermotropic sheet; 244, first spring; 25, thermal circulation unit; 251, fin; 252, connecting pipe; 253, circulation pipeline; 26, limiting unit; 261, limiting rod; 262, second spring; 263, third spring; 3, hydrogen storage alloy. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0043] like Figures 1 to 5 , Figure 11 As shown in the figure, an improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a hydrogen storage tank 1 and a solid hydrogen storage module 2 disposed therein. The solid hydrogen storage module 2 is filled with a hydrogen storage alloy 3. The end cap 11 of the hydrogen storage tank 1 is provided with an end interface 111 for filling and discharging hydrogen.

[0044] The solid hydrogen storage module 2 includes a first hydrogen storage unit 21 and a second hydrogen storage unit 23 arranged along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage tank 1, and a filter unit 22 disposed between the end interface 111 and the first hydrogen storage unit 21.

[0045] The first hydrogen storage unit 21 has a first through slot 212 for hydrogen to pass through, and the second hydrogen storage unit 23 has a second through slot 233.

[0046] It also includes a drive unit 24, which is configured to drive the second hydrogen storage unit 23 to rotate relative to the first hydrogen storage unit 21 in response to temperature changes within the solid hydrogen storage module 2, thereby changing the relative position of the first channel 212 and the second channel 233 and optimizing the hydrogen flow path.

[0047] The filter unit 22 is configured to avoid the main flow field to reduce flow resistance when the second hydrogen storage unit 23 rotates to the first relative position, and to reset when it rotates to the second relative position, so as to filter out the hydrogen storage alloy 3 powder carried in the output hydrogen gas.

[0048] In existing technologies, the hydrogen storage alloy 3 in solid-state hydrogen storage devices will gradually pulverize due to volume expansion / contraction during repeated hydrogen absorption / desorption cycles. Even if the hydrogen storage metal is deposited on the metal matrix to form an alloy sheet structure to mitigate this, the tendency to pulverize is an inherent property of the material. In the long run, this will still lead to material performance degradation, decreased thermal conductivity, and potential blockage of flow channels. Furthermore, during the hydrogen charging and discharging process, especially in the hydrogen storage stage, a pressure difference is formed on both sides of the filter plate, which slows down the rate at which hydrogen passes through the filter screen and affects the hydrogen storage efficiency.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention, during the hydrogen storage stage, hydrogen gas is introduced into the hydrogen storage tank 1 through the end interface 111. After the hydrogen gas enters the hydrogen storage tank 1, it passes through the filter unit 22 and sequentially contacts the first hydrogen storage unit 21 and the second hydrogen storage unit 23. The first hydrogen storage unit 21 and the second hydrogen storage unit 23 are equipped with hydrogen storage alloy 3. When the hydrogen gas contacts the hydrogen storage alloy 3, a hydrogen absorption reaction occurs on the hydrogen storage alloy 3, releasing a large amount of reaction heat. The released reaction heat can be captured by the drive unit 24. When the drive unit 24 senses the temperature fluctuation, the drive unit 24 is activated, and then the drive unit 24 drives the second hydrogen storage unit 23 to rotate relative to the first hydrogen storage unit 21, so that the first channel 212 and the second channel 233 intersect. After the first channel 212 and the second channel 233 are staggered, the flow path of hydrogen changes from a straight line to a meandering cross channel, which greatly increases the contact area and residence time with the hydrogen storage alloy 3 on the first hydrogen storage unit 21 and the second hydrogen storage unit 23. This can effectively alleviate the "flow dead zone" under the solid flow field, improve the reaction uniformity and hydrogen storage rate. Based on the above, when the drive unit 24 senses the temperature change, it automatically adjusts the rotation angle of the second hydrogen storage unit 23 to ensure that the first channel 212 and the second channel 233 are aligned or staggered under different hydrogen storage conditions, thereby dynamically controlling the hydrogen flow cross section. When the first channel 212 and the second channel 233 partially overlap, a throttling channel is formed to adjust the hydrogen release rate.

[0050] It is understood that at room temperature, the first channel 212 and the second channel 233 are parallel. Furthermore, during the hydrogen storage stage, the filter unit 22 is positioned between the end interface 111 and the first hydrogen storage unit 21 to isolate the pulverized hydrogen storage alloy 3. However, this significantly increases flow resistance, especially towards the end of the hydrogen storage period, leading to a significant increase in the pressure difference across the filter unit 22. In this case, in this embodiment, the filter unit 22 avoids the main flow field to reduce flow resistance when the second hydrogen storage unit 23 rotates to the first relative position, and resets when rotating to the second relative position to filter out the hydrogen storage alloy 3 powder carried in the output hydrogen. In other words, during the hydrogen storage stage, the pressure difference acts on the filter unit 212. 2. The filter unit 22 is deformed to avoid the main flow field and reduce flow resistance. During the hydrogen release phase, the filter unit 22 resets and filters the hydrogen storage alloy 3 powder carried in the hydrogen. Based on the above, filtration is linked to the hydrogen charging and discharging states. During the hydrogen charging phase, the filter unit 22 avoids the main flow field, eliminating unnecessary flow resistance. During the hydrogen release phase, the filter unit 22 resets and intervenes, thereby effectively avoiding the disadvantage of high flow resistance throughout the fixed filter screen, realizing on-demand filtration, optimizing system efficiency. Relying on the filter unit 22, it re-enters the main flow field during the reset process of the second hydrogen storage unit 23, effectively intercepting alloy particles and ensuring the purity of the outlet gas. The entire process requires no external intervention, improving system safety and cycle stability.

[0051] In this embodiment, on the one hand, solid-state storage of hydrogen is achieved based on hydrogen storage alloy 3, and on the other hand, gaseous hydrogen can be stored based on the high-pressure area between end interface 111 and the first hydrogen storage unit 21, thus realizing a composite storage method for hydrogen; in addition, the first relative position corresponds to the hydrogen storage stage, and the second relative position corresponds to the hydrogen release stage.

[0052] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, it also includes a thermal circulation unit 25. The first hydrogen storage unit 21 integrates a PCM storage box 211. The thermal circulation unit 25 includes fins 251 inserted between adjacent hydrogen storage alloys 3, a circulation pipe 253 disposed in the PCM storage box 211, and a connecting pipe 252 for connecting adjacent fins 251 and connecting to the circulation pipe 253. The circulation pipe 253 and the connecting pipe 252 are filled with a heat-conducting medium for transferring heat between the fins 251 and the PCM material in the PCM storage box 211.

[0053] Since the hydrogen storage alloy 3 releases a large amount of heat when it reacts with hydrogen, considering the resource utilization of this heat, in this embodiment, based on the thermal circulation unit 25, the heat generated when the hydrogen storage alloy 3 comes into contact with hydrogen is guided to the PCM material, and the PCM material stores the heat. In the subsequent hydrogen release stage, the PCM material, thermal circulation pipeline 253, connecting pipe 252, and fins 251 can provide heat to the hydrogen storage alloy 3 to meet the heat required for the hydrogen storage alloy 3 to release hydrogen. This realizes the resource recovery and reuse of the waste heat generated by the reaction of the hydrogen storage alloy 3, achieving the spatial and temporal transfer of heat. Moreover, the heat transfer and reuse only occur in the hydrogen storage tank 1, reducing heat loss. Among them, the fins 251, as heat collectors, are embedded in the adjacent hydrogen storage alloy 3 with their huge surface area. The heat transfer medium circulates in the connecting pipe 252 and the circulation pipe 253 to efficiently absorb the heat of reaction, acting as a "heat transporter." It utilizes fluid convection to achieve long-distance, high-efficiency heat transfer. The PCM (phase change thermal storage material) undergoes a phase change (e.g., solid-liquid transition) at a specific temperature. This process can absorb and release a large amount of latent heat while its own temperature remains essentially unchanged. During the hydrogen storage stage, the PCM material melts to store heat, and during the hydrogen release stage, the PCM material solidifies to release heat, achieving delayed heat release and precisely matching the heat absorption requirements of the hydrogen release reaction. Based on the above, the dependence on external heat sources is minimized during the hydrogen charging and discharging process of the hydrogen storage tank 1, significantly improving energy efficiency. In addition, it should be noted that the thermal circulation unit 25 also includes a circulation pump connected to the connecting pipe 252 to control the flow direction of the heat transfer medium.

[0054] like Figures 1 to 5 , Figure 11 As shown, the filter unit 22 includes a filter support 221 and a filter body 222. The filter support 221 is slidably disposed on the top of the first hydrogen storage unit 21. The space between the end interface 111 and the first hydrogen storage unit 21 forms a high-pressure zone, and the space between the first hydrogen storage unit 21 and the second hydrogen storage unit 23 forms a low-pressure zone. An abutment portion 223 is fixedly connected to the filter support 221, and a fitting portion 224 that cooperates with the abutment portion 223 is fixedly connected to the filter body 222. When the filter body 222 and the filter support 221 are combined, the abutment portion 223 and the fitting portion 224 engage to provide a seal.

[0055] During hydrogen storage, the pressure difference between the high-pressure zone and the low-pressure zone acts on the filter support 221, causing the filter body 222 and the filter support 221 to move relative to each other to avoid the main flow field. During hydrogen release, the pressure difference decreases, the filter body 222 resets, and the output hydrogen is filtered.

[0056] Based on the above, since the hydrogen storage alloy 3 will gradually pulverize due to volume expansion / contraction during repeated hydrogen absorption / desorption cycles, if the hydrogen storage alloy 3 powder is not filtered, it may cause system damage. Therefore, it is necessary to filter the hydrogen storage alloy 3 powder during the hydrogen desorption stage to eliminate potential hazards. However, the setting of the filter unit 22 may affect the hydrogen flow during the hydrogen storage stage. In this embodiment, during the hydrogen storage stage, the pressure difference between the high-pressure area formed between the end interface 111 and the first hydrogen storage unit 21 and the low-pressure area at the bottom of the tank is used as a power source. This pressure difference is used as the effective area of ​​the filter screen support 221 to generate an axial force sufficient to overcome the elastic force of the second spring 262, thereby pushing the filter screen body 222 to a clearance position, so that during the hydrogen storage stage, hydrogen can avoid the mainstream field and pass through The gap between the filter body 222 and the filter support 221 allows hydrogen to flow into the first hydrogen storage unit 21 and the second hydrogen storage unit 23. During the hydrogen release phase, the contact part 223 and the fitting part 224 form a separable sealing surface. When the filter body 222 is reset, the contact part 223 and the fitting part 224 can fit tightly together under the action of the second spring 262, ensuring that all outflowing hydrogen must pass through the filter body 222 and preventing the hydrogen storage alloy 3 powder from leaking from the bypass. Correspondingly, during the hydrogen storage phase, the contact part 223 and the fitting part 224 separate with the displacement of the filter body 222, forming a bypass that is different from the main flow field, thereby reducing the pressure difference and ensuring the rapid passage of hydrogen. Based on this, the filter unit 22 is configured to be switchable to adapt to the hydrogen storage and release processes, achieving a certain degree of reliability and simplicity.

[0057] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the second hydrogen storage unit 23 includes a second receiving seat, a disk 231, and a connecting rod 232 fixedly connected to the eccentric position of the disk 231; the driving unit 24 includes two parallel straight rods 241 and a driving ring 242 fixed between the two straight rods 241 and perpendicular to the straight rods 241; two symmetrically arranged connecting seats 122 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 1; the ends of the two straight rods 241 are respectively inserted into the two connecting seats 122, one of the connecting seats 122 is provided with a thermostrictive sheet 243, and the other connecting seat 122 is provided with a first spring 244; the end of the connecting rod 232 extends into the oval hole of the driving ring 242.

[0058] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, when the thermotropic sheet 243 is heated and elongates, it pushes the two straight rods 241 and the drive ring 242 to move as a whole toward the connecting seat 122 where the first spring 244 is located, and compresses the first spring 244; the drive ring 242 abuts against the end of the connecting rod 232 through its inner wall, driving the second hydrogen storage unit 23 to rotate; when the temperature drops and the thermotropic sheet 243 contracts, the first spring 244 provides a restoring force to make the straight rods 241 and the drive ring 242 move in the opposite direction.

[0059] Based on the above, during the hydrogen storage stage, the second hydrogen storage unit 23 needs to rotate axially relative to the first hydrogen storage unit 21 to achieve misalignment between the first channel 212 and the second channel 233, thereby dynamically controlling the hydrogen flow cross-section, increasing the contact area and residence time with the hydrogen storage alloy 3 on the first hydrogen storage unit 21 and the second hydrogen storage unit 23, effectively alleviating the "flow dead zone" under the solid flow field, improving reaction uniformity and hydrogen storage rate. When the first channel 212 and the second channel 233 partially overlap, a throttling channel is formed to regulate the hydrogen release rate. In this embodiment, the drive unit 24 can sense the temperature... The action is generated by the change in temperature. Specifically, when the hydrogen storage alloy 3 is in the hydrogen storage stage, it releases a large amount of reaction heat. Based on the reaction heat, the thermotropic plate 243 in the drive unit 24 extends, and the thermotropic plate 243 drives the straight rod 241 to move, causing the drive ring 242 between the two straight rods 241 to move radially. When the drive ring 242 moves radially, it can squeeze the connecting rod 232 through the inner ring of the drive ring 242, and drive the connecting rod 232 to rotate along the axis of the hydrogen storage tank 1, thereby driving the second hydrogen storage unit 23 to rotate relative to the first hydrogen storage unit 21 in the hydrogen storage tank 1. When the thermotropic plate 243 extends due to heat, The two straight rods 241 and the drive ring 242 are pushed together towards the connecting seat 122 where the first spring 244 is located, compressing the first spring 244. At this time, the drive ring 242 slides relative to the connecting rod 232. When the drive ring 242 moves axially, the inner wall of its oval hole will contact the end of the connecting rod 232. Since the fixed point of the connecting rod 232 (on the disk 231) is off-center from the rotation center, the linear thrust of the drive ring 242 will be decomposed into a tangential component, thereby generating a torque to drive the disk 231 to rotate, and driving the connecting rod 232 to drive the second hydrogen storage unit 23 to rotate, so that the first through slot 2 The misalignment of the first channel 212 and the second channel 233 is understandable. Under normal circumstances, the first channel 212 and the second channel 233 are overlapping. Only when the hydrogen storage alloy 3 releases a large amount of reaction heat will the second hydrogen storage unit 23 rotate based on the drive unit 24, thereby causing the first channel 212 and the second channel 233 to be misaligned. During this process, the thermotropic plate 243 and the first spring 244 are respectively placed at both ends of the "transmission frame" to form a drive-reset combination. When the temperature rises, the thermotropic plate 243 is driven; when the temperature drops, the first spring 244 provides a precise reset force, ensuring the reversibility and accuracy of the rotation action.

[0060] The force transmission chain and energy conversion path when the drive unit 24 is activated are as follows: thermal energy → deformation of thermotropic sheet 243 → axial thrust of straight rod 241 → tangential force of inner wall of drive ring 242 on connecting rod 232 → rotational torque.

[0061] like Figures 1 to 8 , Figure 10As shown, the first hydrogen storage unit 21 includes a first receiving seat, and a limiting slide rail 121 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 1. A groove is provided on the side wall of the first receiving seat to cooperate with the limiting slide rail 121 on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 1, which is used to limit the axial rotation of the first hydrogen storage unit 21.

[0062] An abutment plate 123 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 1, and the first hydrogen storage unit 21 is supported on the abutment plate 123.

[0063] In this embodiment, to ensure the relative stability of the space occupied by the first hydrogen storage unit 21 and the second hydrogen storage unit 23 in the hydrogen storage tank 1, and to ensure that the spatial position and dynamics of the first hydrogen storage unit 21 remain basically stable when the second hydrogen storage unit 23 rotates relative to the first hydrogen storage unit 21, a sliding key or guide groove structure is formed by the cooperation of the limiting slide rail 121 on the hydrogen storage tank 1 and the groove on the first receiving seat. This structure allows the first hydrogen storage unit 21 to have a small displacement along the axial direction to buffer thermal stress, and strictly limits the circumferential rotation of the first hydrogen storage unit 21, providing a stable reference frame for the relative rotation of the second hydrogen storage unit 23. At the same time, the abutment plate 123 can provide a solid mechanical support surface for the first hydrogen storage unit 21, withstand the force of the gas pressure pushing the first hydrogen storage unit 21 upward during hydrogen storage, prevent the first hydrogen storage unit 21 from axial movement, and ensure the relative position accuracy of each component.

[0064] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the side wall edge of the second receiving seat slides into the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 1 to stabilize the axial rotation of the second hydrogen storage unit 23.

[0065] In this embodiment, the tiny gap between the side wall of the second receiving seat and the inner wall of the tank acts as a sliding bearing, which not only ensures that the second hydrogen storage unit 23 can rotate freely with low friction, but also provides good radial support through the large-area side wall contact, effectively suppressing the vibration and sway that may occur during rotation, and ensuring the smoothness and precision of the rotation.

[0066] like Figures 1 to 4 , Figures 6 to 8 As shown, it also includes a limiting unit 26, which includes a limiting rod 261 that passes through the limiting slide rail 121 and is parallel to the axial direction of the hydrogen storage tank 1; one end of the limiting rod 261 is movably connected to the filter support 221, and a second spring 262 is sleeved on the limiting rod 261 to provide a restoring force for the filter body 222; the other end of the limiting rod 261 is also provided with a third spring 263 that applies an axial elastic support force to the disc 231 of the second hydrogen storage unit 23.

[0067] In this embodiment, the limiting rod 261 provides precise linear guidance for the sliding of the filter body 222, and the second spring 262 sleeved on the limiting rod 261 provides a restoring force for the filter body 222 toward the filter support 221. It can be understood that during the hydrogen storage stage, the pressure difference drives the filter body 222 away from the filter support 221. During the hydrogen release stage, the filter body 222 reattaches to the filter support 221 under the restoring force of the second spring 262. In addition, the third spring 263 sleeved at the bottom of the limiting rod 261 is located between the first hydrogen storage unit 21 and the second hydrogen storage unit 23. It can continuously apply a downward elastic force to the top of the second hydrogen storage unit 23, which can balance the pressure and lift the second hydrogen storage unit 23, thereby avoiding axial displacement of the second hydrogen storage unit 23 toward the first hydrogen storage unit 21 during the hydrogen storage stage. This ensures that the second hydrogen storage unit 23 only rotates axially during the hydrogen storage stage, making the rotation of the second hydrogen storage unit 23 simpler, more flexible, and more reliable.

[0068] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the thermostrictive sheet 243 is made of shape memory alloy or bimetallic sheet, and its phase transition temperature or coefficient of thermal expansion matches the reaction temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy 3.

[0069] In this embodiment, the thermostrictive sheet 243 undergoes a reversible martensitic phase transformation at a specific phase transformation temperature, accompanied by large recoverable strain. By adjusting the alloy composition, the phase transformation temperature of the thermostrictive sheet 243 can be precisely matched with the optimal operating temperature window of the hydrogen storage alloy 3. Once the system temperature enters this window, the SMA generates a significant driving force; taking a bimetallic sheet as an example, it is made of two layers of metals with different coefficients of thermal expansion pressed together. When the temperature changes, bending deformation occurs due to the different expansion amounts. Its driving force is relatively small, but the cost is low, making it suitable for scenarios where the driving force requirement is not high.

[0070] Based on the above, the choice of materials directly determines the sensitivity, stroke, and force of the drive, which is the foundation for realizing temperature-responsive drive.

[0071] A method of using an improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage includes the following steps:

[0072] Hydrogen charging process: Hydrogen enters the high-pressure zone from the end interface 111 and flows through the first channel 212 of the first hydrogen storage unit 21; the hydrogen storage alloy 3 absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the heat is transferred to the circulation pipeline 253 through the fins 251 and the connecting pipe 252 to charge the PCM material in the PCM storage box 211; the heat release causes the thermostrictive sheet 243 to stretch due to heat, which pushes the drive ring 242 to move axially, and drives the second hydrogen storage unit 23 to rotate through the connecting rod 232, so that the second channel 233 is staggered from the first channel 212 to form a cross flow channel; at the same time, the pressure difference between the high-pressure zone and the low-pressure zone drives the filter body 222 to avoid the main flow field;

[0073] Hydrogen release process: When the end interface 111 is opened, the hydrogen storage alloy 3 releases hydrogen and absorbs heat. The heat stored in the PCM storage box 211 is transferred in the reverse direction to the hydrogen storage alloy 3 through the circulation pipe 253, the connecting pipe 252 and the fins 251 to provide heat. The system temperature drops, the thermotropic sheet 243 contracts, and under the action of the reset mechanism, the second hydrogen storage unit 23 rotates in the reverse direction until the first through slot 212 is aligned with the second through slot 233. At the same time, the gas pressure difference decreases, the filter body 222 resets, and filters the output hydrogen.

[0074] Working principle: Through a highly integrated adaptive structure, condition sensing, mechanical drive, flow field optimization and thermal management are integrated into one, realizing a leap in system performance. The following is a detailed explanation in conjunction with the hydrogen charge-discharge cycle;

[0075] I. Hydrogen charging process (hydrogen storage and thermal storage stage)

[0076] Initial state and hydrogen inflow: External hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen storage tank 1 through end interface 111, forming a high-pressure zone between end interface 111 and the top of the first hydrogen storage unit 21. The hydrogen first impacts the filter unit 22, which is in a clearance position, resulting in minimal flow resistance. Subsequently, the hydrogen passes through the first channel 212 on the first hydrogen storage unit 21 and comes into contact with the hydrogen storage alloy 3 therein, undergoing a hydrogen absorption reaction. This process releases a large amount of heat of reaction.

[0077] During this process, the heat of reaction is rapidly absorbed by the fins 251, which are in close contact with the hydrogen storage alloy 3. The fins 251 are connected to the circulation pipes 253 in the PCM storage box 211 located on the surface of the first hydrogen storage unit 21 via the connecting pipes 252, forming a closed heat flow loop. The heat-conducting medium (such as silicone oil) in the loop circulates under the drive of temperature difference, efficiently carrying the heat of reaction to the PCM storage box 211. The phase change material in the box absorbs heat and melts, storing the thermal energy in the form of latent heat. This realizes the in-situ recovery and utilization of waste heat from the reaction, avoids dependence on external cooling systems, and significantly reduces the parasitic energy consumption of the system.

[0078] The exothermic reaction causes the system temperature to rise. The thermotropic plate 243 in the drive unit 24 pushes the two straight rods 241 and the drive ring 242 fixed thereon to move axially as a whole, compressing the first spring 244 at the other end. The inner wall of the oval hole of the drive ring 242 abuts against the end of the connecting rod 232 at the eccentric position on the disk 231 fixed to the second hydrogen storage unit 23, converting the axial thrust into a tangential force, thereby driving the entire second hydrogen storage unit 23 to rotate. This causes the second through groove 233 on the second hydrogen storage unit 23 to be axially offset from the first through groove 212 on the first hydrogen storage unit 21, forming a cross-shaped and meandering flow channel. This forces the hydrogen gas to not directly short-circuit to the outlet after flowing through the first hydrogen storage unit 21, but to diffuse more evenly into the second hydrogen storage unit 23 to react with more alloys, improving the volume utilization rate and reaction rate. In addition, this process is spontaneously driven by the heat of reaction and does not require external control.

[0079] Under the high-pressure environment established by hydrogen charging, a significant pressure difference is formed between the high-pressure zone and the low-pressure zone between the first and second hydrogen storage units 23. This pressure difference acts on the filter body 222 of the filter unit 22, overcoming the elastic force of the second spring 262 in the limiting unit 26, and driving the filter body 222 and the filter support 221 to produce relative displacement, causing the abutment part 223 fixed thereon to separate from the fitting part 224, and the filter as a whole avoids the mainstream field side. In the hydrogen charging stage where filtration is not required, the flow resistance loss caused by the filter is completely avoided, and the hydrogen charging efficiency is improved.

[0080] II. Hydrogen release process (hydrogen supply and filtration stage)

[0081] When hydrogen is needed, the end port 111 is opened, and the internal pressure of the system begins to drop. Since hydrogen charging stops, the exothermic reaction ends, and the system temperature gradually decreases. The hydrogen release reaction of the hydrogen storage alloy 3 is an endothermic process. At this time, the PCM material in the PCM storage box 211 solidifies due to the temperature drop, releasing the stored latent heat. The heat is transferred in the reverse direction through the aforementioned thermal circulation unit 25 and directly supplied to the hydrogen storage alloy 3 via the fins 251, providing a continuous and stable heat source for the hydrogen release reaction. This achieves "on-demand supply" of heat energy, ensuring the rate and completeness of the hydrogen release reaction, and again avoiding the need for external heating. The temperature drop causes the thermostrictive sheet 243 to cool and contract. At this time, the restoring force of the compressed first spring 244 is released, pushing the straight rod 241 and the drive ring 242 to move in the opposite direction. This, in turn, drives the second hydrogen storage unit 23 to rotate in the opposite direction via the connecting rod 232, causing the first channel 212 and the second channel 233 to realign, forming a smooth outflow path. Simultaneously, as the system depressurizes, the pressure difference between the high-pressure and low-pressure areas significantly decreases or even disappears. The elastic force of the second spring 262 in the limiting unit 26 is released, pushing the filter body 222 to reset, so that the contact part 223 and the fitting part 224 are tightly connected. The filter body 222 is inserted into the outflow path between the end interface 111 and the first hydrogen storage unit 21. All output hydrogen gas must be filtered by the filter body 222, effectively intercepting the fine powder of hydrogen storage alloy 3 generated by pulverization, protecting downstream equipment, and improving system reliability.

[0082] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage, comprising a hydrogen storage tank (1) and a solid hydrogen storage module (2) disposed therein, wherein the solid hydrogen storage module (2) is filled with a hydrogen storage alloy (3), and the end cap (11) of the hydrogen storage tank (1) is provided with an end interface (111) for filling and discharging hydrogen, characterized in that: The solid hydrogen storage module (2) includes a first hydrogen storage unit (21) and a second hydrogen storage unit (23) arranged along the axial direction of the hydrogen storage tank (1), and a filter unit (22) disposed between the end interface (111) and the first hydrogen storage unit (21). The first hydrogen storage unit (21) has a first channel (212) for hydrogen to pass through, and the second hydrogen storage unit (23) has a second channel (233). It also includes a drive unit (24) configured to drive the second hydrogen storage unit (23) to rotate relative to the first hydrogen storage unit (21) in response to temperature changes within the solid hydrogen storage module (2), thereby changing the relative position of the first channel (212) and the second channel (233) to optimize the hydrogen flow path; The filter unit (22) is configured to avoid the main flow field to reduce flow resistance when the second hydrogen storage unit (23) is rotated to the first relative position, and to reset when rotated to the second relative position, so as to filter out the hydrogen storage alloy (3) powder carried in the output hydrogen. It also includes a thermal circulation unit (25), in which the first hydrogen storage unit (21) integrates a PCM storage box (211). The thermal circulation unit (25) includes fins (251) inserted between adjacent hydrogen storage alloys (3), a circulation pipe (253) disposed in the PCM storage box (211), and a connecting pipe (252) for connecting adjacent fins (251) and connecting the circulation pipe (253). The circulation pipe (253) and the connecting pipe (252) are filled with a heat-conducting medium for transferring heat between the fins (251) and the PCM material in the PCM storage box (211). The filter unit (22) includes a filter support (221) and a filter body (222). The filter body (222) is slidably disposed on the top of the first hydrogen storage unit (21). The space between the end interface (111) and the first hydrogen storage unit (21) constitutes a high-pressure zone, and the space between the first hydrogen storage unit (21) and the second hydrogen storage unit (23) constitutes a low-pressure zone. An abutment portion (223) is fixedly connected to the filter support (221), and a fitting portion (224) that cooperates with the abutment portion (223) is fixedly connected to the filter body (222). When the filter body (222) and the filter support (221) are combined, the abutment portion (223) and the fitting portion (224) engage to provide a seal. During hydrogen storage, the pressure difference between the high-pressure zone and the low-pressure zone acts on the filter body (222), causing the filter body (222) and the filter support (221) to move relative to each other to avoid the main flow field; during hydrogen release, the pressure difference decreases, the filter body (222) resets, and the output hydrogen is filtered. The second hydrogen storage unit (23) includes a second receiving seat, a disk (231), and a connecting rod (232) fixedly connected to the eccentric position of the disk (231); the driving unit (24) includes two parallel straight rods (241) and a driving ring (242) fixed between the two straight rods (241) and perpendicular to the straight rods (241); the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank (1) is fixed with two symmetrically arranged connecting seats (122); the ends of the two straight rods (241) are respectively inserted into the two connecting seats (122), one of the connecting seats (122) is provided with a thermostrictive sheet (243), and the other connecting seat (122) is provided with a first spring (244); the end of the connecting rod (232) extends into the oval hole of the driving ring (242); When the thermotropic sheet (243) is heated and elongates, it pushes the two straight rods (241) and the drive ring (242) together to move towards the connecting seat (122) with the first spring (244) and compresses the first spring (244); the drive ring (242) abuts against the end of the connecting rod (232) through its inner wall and drives the second hydrogen storage unit (23) to rotate; when the temperature drops and the thermotropic sheet (243) contracts, the first spring (244) provides a restoring force to make the straight rods (241) and the drive ring (242) move in the opposite direction.

2. An improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first hydrogen storage unit (21) includes a first receiving seat, and a limiting slide rail (121) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank (1). A groove is provided on the side wall of the first receiving seat to cooperate with the limiting slide rail (121) on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank (1) to limit the axial rotation of the first hydrogen storage unit (21). The inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank (1) is fixed with an abutment plate (123), and the first hydrogen storage unit (21) is supported on the abutment plate (123).

3. An improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side wall edge of the second receiving seat slides into the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank (1) to stabilize the axial rotation of the second hydrogen storage unit (23).

4. An improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a limiting unit (26), which includes a limiting rod (261) that passes through and is parallel to the hydrogen storage tank (1) axially within the limiting slide rail (121); one end of the limiting rod (261) is movably connected to the filter body (222), and a second spring (262) is sleeved on the limiting rod (261) to provide a restoring force for the filter body (222); the other end of the limiting rod (261) is also provided with a third spring (263) that applies an axial elastic support force to the disc (231) of the second hydrogen storage unit (23).

5. An improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermostrictive sheet (243) is made of shape memory alloy or bimetallic sheet, and its phase transition temperature or coefficient of thermal expansion matches the reaction temperature of the hydrogen storage alloy (3).

6. A method of using an improved composite hydrogen storage device for hydrogen storage, applied to the device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Hydrogen charging process: Hydrogen enters the high-pressure zone from the end interface (111) and flows through the first channel (212) of the first hydrogen storage unit (21); the hydrogen storage alloy (3) absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, and the heat is transferred to the circulation pipeline (253) through the fins (251) and connecting pipe (252) to charge the PCM material in the PCM storage box (211); the heat release causes the thermotropic sheet (243) to stretch due to heat, which pushes the drive ring (242) to move axially, and drives the second hydrogen storage unit (23) to rotate through the connecting rod (232), so that the second channel (233) and the first channel (212) are staggered to form a cross flow channel; at the same time, the pressure difference between the high-pressure zone and the low-pressure zone drives the filter body (222) to avoid the main flow field; Hydrogen release process: When the end interface (111) is opened, the hydrogen storage alloy (3) releases hydrogen and absorbs heat. The heat stored in the PCM storage box (211) is transferred in the reverse direction to the hydrogen storage alloy (3) through the circulation pipeline (253), the connecting pipe (252) and the fins (251) to provide heat. When the system temperature drops, the thermotropic sheet (243) contracts. Under the action of the reset mechanism, the second hydrogen storage unit (23) rotates in the reverse direction until the first channel (212) is aligned with the second channel (233). At the same time, the gas pressure difference decreases and the filter body (222) resets to filter the output hydrogen.

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