Remote monitoring equipment and evaluation method for working efficiency of hot rod for power transmission line engineering

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission line engineering hot rod engineering monitoring, in particular to hot rod working efficiency remote self-monitoring equipment and an evaluation method. The Internet of Things technology is adopted, and a data acquisition and transmission device of the monitoring equipment is directly installed at the top end of a hot rod and driven by solar photovoltaic power supply; and the temperature measurement modules are clamped at the root parts of the fins at the condensation section of the hot rod at equal intervals, monitor the temperature regularly and remotely transmit the temperature to the cloud platform. And analyzing the data through an evaluation method, and quantitatively judging the working efficiency of the hot rod, including the working state and duration, the working power, the influence radius and the ground temperature reduction value in the freezing period. The equipment operates independently, can monitor the working efficiency of a large-area hot rod group, and directly and quantitatively analyzes the temperature state of a soil body. The method can be applied to a newly-built or rebuilt hot rod engineering project, monitoring equipment is light, small, simple, safe and reliable, the evaluation method is theoretically supported, the working efficiency of the hot rod can be rapidly evaluated, and the construction management level is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of monitoring technology for heat pipe engineering in power transmission line projects, and in particular to a remote monitoring device and evaluation method for the working efficiency of heat pipes used in power transmission line projects. Background Technology

[0002] Heat pipe technology, as an "active cooling measure," is an effective engineering approach in cold-region engineering and has been widely applied in railways, highways, and power sectors, playing a significant role in ensuring the stability of projects in permafrost regions. With my country's rapid economic development in the future, heat pipe technology will also become an important technical measure for protecting permafrost in cold-region engineering construction. Therefore, after the large-scale application of heat pipes, their operational status should be monitored in real time to provide a basis for judging the effective operation of the heat pipes and to accurately determine whether heat pipe factors should be ruled out as a cause of damage in specific engineering sections.

[0003] Monitoring the performance and accuracy of heat pipes in permafrost regions presents challenges, yet it remains indispensable for engineering applications. Currently, commonly used post-construction testing equipment includes infrared thermal imagers, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), and heat flux meters. Heat pipe projects are often located in high-altitude, sparsely populated areas. Standards stipulate that testing should generally be conducted when the temperature in the evaporation section is at least 3°C ​​above the ambient temperature, ideally between sunset and sunrise during the cold season. This undoubtedly increases the workload and safety risks for testing personnel, while also creating difficulties in maintenance and management, and increasing subsequent operating costs. With technological advancements and the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), researching self-monitoring technologies suitable for heat pipe performance offers a new solution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application aims to propose a remote monitoring device and evaluation method for the working efficiency of heat pipes used in power transmission line projects. The monitoring device uses real-time monitoring of the heat pipe fin temperature to achieve data acquisition and remote transmission. The evaluation method quantitatively assesses the working efficiency of the heat pipe, including its operating status and duration, operating power, radius of influence, and temperature reduction during the freezing period. This device and evaluation method can be used in new or renovated heat pipe projects, and has significant scientific and practical implications for promoting the development and improvement of monitoring technology for heat pipe projects in cold regions of my country.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This application proposes a remote monitoring device for the working efficiency of a heat pipe used in power transmission line engineering, including a heat pipe, the lower half of which is inserted into the ground, and the upper half of which is provided with a number of heat dissipation fins. It also includes a data acquisition and transmission device and multiple temperature measurement blocks.

[0007] The data acquisition and transmission device is located at the end of the heat pipe and includes a solar photovoltaic panel for converting solar energy, a housing for various components, a power module, wires for connecting various components, an interface for connecting to an external temperature measuring block, a 4G module for remote data transmission, a bracket for supporting the data acquisition and transmission device, an ESP32 module for acquiring and processing data, and a battery for storing electrical energy. The battery is a rechargeable battery, which can ensure that the monitoring equipment can operate normally for many days under continuous cloudy and rainy conditions.

[0008] The housing is mounted on the end of the heat pipe via a bracket, and the bottom of the housing is connected to the bracket by a hinge. The power module, 4G module, ESP32 module and battery are all located inside the housing. The interface is located on the side wall of the housing. The solar photovoltaic panel is located on the top of the housing and is electrically connected to the power module.

[0009] The temperature measuring blocks are used to test the temperature at the root of the heat pipe fins and the ambient temperature. Multiple temperature measuring blocks are clamped on the heat dissipation fins at equal intervals and connected in series. The front temperature measuring blocks are connected to the interface of the data acquisition and transmission device, and the rear temperature measuring blocks are exposed to the air.

[0010] Furthermore, the power module is connected to the ESP32 module, the 4G module, and the battery respectively. The power module has a voltage stabilizing function, ensuring charging and power supply safety. The voltage from the solar photovoltaic panel, after being regulated by the power module, can be supplied bidirectionally, directly powering the ESP32 and 4G modules, and also charging the battery. The battery is connected to both the ESP32 and 4G modules. When there is sufficient sunlight, the solar photovoltaic panel directly powers the ESP32 and 4G modules and charges the battery through the power module; when there is insufficient sunlight or at night, the battery directly powers the ESP32 and 4G modules through the power module, ensuring the normal operation of the equipment.

[0011] The ESP32 module is connected to the 4G module and interface via wires. Both the 4G module and the ESP32 module are connected to the IoT platform and enable data uploading to the cloud.

[0012] Furthermore, the enclosure is made of waterproof and heat-insulating materials. The enclosure is small and lightweight, capable of housing all the aforementioned components, and the waterproof and heat-insulating materials protect the components' lifespan, enabling it to withstand cold and high-altitude environments.

[0013] Furthermore, each temperature sensing module includes a housing with a horizontally oriented plug. The end of the plug near the heat pipe is arc-shaped, allowing the temperature sensing module to be clamped onto the heat dissipation fins. The arc-shaped design ensures good contact and fit. A cavity is formed on the surface of the housing, within which a temperature sensor and wires are soldered. The cavity is filled with high-hardness epoxy potting compound. A connector is connected to the end of the housing away from the plug opening via a wire. The wire used to connect the connector is covered with a sheath, which is connected to the housing. Multiple fixing screws are threaded through the upper end face of the housing, with their lower ends extending into the plug. The tightness between the fixing screws and the fins is adjusted by the fixing screws, and the temperature sensing module is fixed by the fixing screws abutting against the fins. In this application, the connector uses a plug connection, allowing for quick connection of each temperature sensing module when connected in series, facilitating on-site installation. Furthermore, it allows for quick replacement if one temperature sensing module is damaged.

[0014] This application also proposes a method for evaluating the working efficiency of heat pipes used in power transmission line projects using the aforementioned monitoring equipment. The monitoring equipment is installed, powered by solar photovoltaic energy, and employs Internet of Things (IoT) technology to achieve the function of collecting temperature data from the monitoring equipment and remotely transmitting it to a cloud platform. The working efficiency of the heat pipe is quantitatively determined based on theoretical evaluation methods. During the heat pipe's operating state, one part of the temperature measuring module measures the temperature at the root of the heat pipe fins, and another part measures the ambient temperature. The working efficiency of the heat pipe during the calculation period is calculated and analyzed, including the heat pipe's operating state and duration, operating power, effective radius, and average low temperature value.

[0015] Furthermore, the evaluation method for the working status and duration of the heat pipe is as follows: Assuming there are n temperature measurement blocks at the fin location and m measurement blocks in the environment, within a calculation period, the average temperature at the root of the heat pipe fin and the ambient temperature at each time point is calculated. The relationship between the two is compared to determine whether the heat pipe is in working condition. The average value is calculated using formulas 1-1 and 1-2.

[0016] T ci =(T c1 +T c2 +...+T cn ) / n 1-1

[0017] T ai =(T a1 +T a2 +...+T am ) / m 1-2

[0018] In the formula:

[0019] T ci The average temperature of the fin root surface of the condenser section of the heat pipe at a certain moment;

[0020] T aiThe average ambient temperature at the location of the condenser section of the heat pipe at a certain moment;

[0021] When T ci >T ai At that time, the heat pipe is in working condition; when T ci ≤T ai At this time, the heat pipe is in a dormant state;

[0022] In T ci >T ai Under these conditions, the operating time of the heat pipe can be calculated using the following formulas 1-3:

[0023] t=dtK 1-3

[0024] In the formula:

[0025] t represents the operating time of the heat pipe (freezing period) during the calculation period;

[0026] dt is the time interval for the device to collect data;

[0027] K represents the number of times the heat pipe is in operation;

[0028] Based on the data collected by the equipment, the working status of the heat pipe at each monitoring time point can be statistically analyzed, and the working time of the heat pipe can also be calculated.

[0029] Furthermore, the method for evaluating the working efficiency of the heat pipe is as follows:

[0030] In T ci >T ai Under these conditions, the heat pipe is in operation, and the operating power q of the heat pipe at this monitoring time point is... i The size can be calculated using the following formulas 2-1 and 2-2:

[0031]

[0032] eh i =2.75 + 1.51v i 0.2 2-2

[0033] In the formula:

[0034] A represents the heat dissipation area of ​​the heat pipe's condensation section surface.

[0035] eh i The effective heat transfer coefficient of the condenser section surface of the heat pipe at a certain moment;

[0036] v i The wind speed at the location of the condenser section of the heat pipe at a certain moment can be obtained from local meteorological data.

[0037] Furthermore, the evaluation method for the radius of action of the heat pipe is as follows:

[0038] dt∑q i =Cπ(r2) 2 -r1 2 )le(T s0 -T s 3-1

[0039]

[0040] Combining formulas 3-1 and 3-2, we obtain formula 3-3. Formula 3-3 is used to calculate the radius of action of the heat pipe during the calculation period. This equation is a transcendental equation and can be solved quickly using numerical methods in Python.

[0041]

[0042] In the formula:

[0043] C represents the volumetric heat capacity of the frozen soil;

[0044] r2 is the radius of the heat pipe during the calculation period;

[0045] r1 is the outer radius of the heat pipe base tube;

[0046] le is the length of the evaporation section of the heat pipe;

[0047] Ts0 represents the initial average temperature of the frozen soil before monitoring.

[0048] Ts is the average temperature of frozen soil within the area affected by the heat pipe during the calculation period;

[0049] Ta represents the average ambient temperature at the location of the heat pipe condensation section during the calculation period.

[0050] Rf is the exothermic thermal resistance of the surface of the condenser section of the heat pipe during the calculation period;

[0051] Rs represents the thermal resistance of the frozen soil within the range of the heat pipe during the calculation period;

[0052] T represents the calculation period;

[0053] The above method can be used to determine the effective radius of the heat pipe during different calculation periods, reflecting the dynamic process of the heat pipe's action at all times.

[0054] Furthermore, the evaluation method for the average ground temperature value is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] The average ground temperature T of the frozen soil within the area of ​​the heat pipe's influence is calculated using Formula 4-1 during different calculation periods. s It constantly reflects the dynamic changes in soil temperature.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] (1) This application is a remote self-monitoring device and evaluation method for the working efficiency of a heat pipe, which can be used in new or renovated heat pipe projects, and facilitates construction, management and maintenance;

[0059] (2) The self-monitoring equipment of this application is powered by solar photovoltaic power and adopts Internet of Things technology to transmit data remotely to the cloud platform at regular intervals. The equipment operates independently and can monitor the working efficiency of a large area of ​​heat pipe groups and directly and quantitatively analyze the soil temperature status.

[0060] (3) The monitoring equipment of this application includes a data acquisition and transmission device and a temperature measuring module. The equipment is lightweight, simple, safe, reliable, low-cost, and easy and quick to install.

[0061] (4) The evaluation method of this application realizes rapid evaluation of the dynamic process of the working efficiency of the heat pipe by monitoring the data remotely uploaded to the cloud by the monitoring equipment, including working status, working time, working power, radius of action and ground temperature reduction value, which is highly reliable.

[0062] This application directly installs the data acquisition and transmission device of the monitoring equipment at the top of the heat pipe, driven by solar photovoltaic power. Temperature measuring blocks are clamped at equal intervals at the root of the fins in the condensing section of the heat pipe, monitoring the temperature periodically and transmitting the data remotely to a cloud platform. The data is analyzed using evaluation methods to quantitatively assess the working efficiency of the heat pipe, including its working status and duration, working power, radius of influence, and the decrease in soil temperature during the freezing period. This equipment operates independently and can monitor the working efficiency of large-area heat pipe groups, directly and quantitatively analyzing the soil temperature state. This invention can be applied to new or renovated heat pipe projects. The monitoring equipment is lightweight, simple, safe, and reliable; the evaluation method is theoretically supported, enabling rapid evaluation of heat pipe working efficiency and significantly improving construction management. Attached Figure Description

[0063] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the overall effect of the remote self-monitoring equipment;

[0064] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a data acquisition and transmission device.

[0065] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature measuring module structure;

[0066] The components include: 1. Data acquisition and transmission device; 2. Temperature measuring module; 3. Heat pipe; 4. Heat dissipation fins; 1-1. Solar photovoltaic panel; 1-2. Box; 1-3. Power module; 1-4. Wire; 1-5. Interface; 1-6. 4G module; 1-7. Bracket; 1-8. ESP32 module; 1-9. Battery; 2-1. Temperature sensor; 2-2. Plug; 2-3. Housing; 2-4. Fixing screw; 2-5. Sheath; 2-6. Connector; 2-7. Cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, this application proposes a self-monitoring device for the working efficiency of heat pipes used in power transmission line projects, including a heat pipe 3, the lower half of which is inserted into the ground, and the upper half of which is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation fins 4. It also includes a data acquisition and transmission device 1 disposed at the end of the heat pipe 3 and a plurality of temperature measuring blocks 2 clamped on the heat dissipation fins. The plurality of temperature measuring blocks 2 are equally spaced on the heat dissipation fins 4 and are connected in series. The front temperature measuring blocks 2 are connected to the interface 1-5 of the data acquisition and transmission device 1, and the end temperature measuring blocks 2 are exposed to the air. The temperature measuring blocks 2 are used to test the temperature at the root of the heat pipe fins and the ambient temperature.

[0070] like Figure 2 As shown, the data acquisition and transmission device 1 described in this application includes a solar photovoltaic panel 1-1 for converting solar energy into solar photovoltaic panels, a housing 1-2 for accommodating various components, a power module 1-3, wires 1-4 for connecting various components, an interface 1-5, a 4G module 1-6 for remote data transmission, a bracket 1-7 for supporting the data acquisition and transmission device, an ESP32 module 1-8 for acquiring and processing data, and a battery 1-9 for storing electrical energy.

[0071] The housing 1-2 is mounted on the end of the heat pipe 3 via a bracket 1-7. The housing is small and lightweight, capable of housing all the aforementioned components. Waterproof and heat-insulating materials are used to protect the components' lifespan, enabling it to withstand cold and high-altitude environments. The bottom of the housing 1-2 is hinged to the bracket 1-7 for adjusting the angle of the solar photovoltaic panel. Inside the housing 1-2 are installed a power module 1-3, a 4G module 1-6, an ESP32 module 1-8, and a battery 1-9. The side wall of the housing 1-2 has an interface 1-5 for connecting a temperature measuring module. The solar photovoltaic panel 1-1 is located on the top of the housing 1-2 and is electrically connected to the power module 1-3.

[0072] The power module 1-3 is connected to the ESP32 module 1-8, the 4G module 1-6, and the battery 1-9, respectively. The power module has a voltage stabilizing function, ensuring charging and power supply safety. The voltage from the solar photovoltaic panel, after being regulated by the power module, can be supplied bidirectionally, directly powering the ESP32 module 1-8 and the 4G module 1-6, and also charging the battery 1-9. The battery 1-9 in this application is a rechargeable battery, connected to both the ESP32 module 1-8 and the 4G module 1-6. When there is sufficient sunlight, the solar photovoltaic panel 1-1 directly supplies power to the ESP32 module 1-8 and the 4G module 1-6 through the power module 1-3 and charges the battery. When there is insufficient sunlight or at night, the battery 1-9 directly supplies power to the ESP32 module 1-8 and the 4G module 1-6 through the power module, ensuring the equipment can operate normally and guaranteeing that the monitoring equipment can operate normally for several days even under continuous cloudy or rainy weather. The ESP32 module 1-8 is connected to the 4G module 1-6 and the interface 1-5 via wire 1-4. Both the 4G module 1-6 and the ESP32 module 1-8 are connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) platform to upload monitoring data.

[0073] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, the temperature measuring block 4 of this application includes a housing 2-3, on which a horizontal plug 2-2 is provided. The end of the plug 2-2 near the heat rod 3 is arc-shaped, and the temperature measuring block 4 is clamped on the heat dissipation fins 4 through the plug 2-2. A cavity 2-7 is provided on the surface of the housing 2-3. A temperature sensor 2-1 and a wire are soldered inside the cavity 2-7. High-hardness epoxy potting compound is poured into the cavity 2-7. A connector 2-6 is connected to the end of the housing 2-3 away from the opening of the plug 2-2 through a wire. A sheath 2-5 is provided on the outside of the wire used to connect the connector 2-6. The sheath 2-5 is connected to the housing 2-3. A plurality of fixing screws 2-4 are threaded through the upper end face of the housing 2-3. The lower end of the fixing screws 2-4 extends into the plug 2-2.

[0074] The temperature sensing modules are used to test the temperature at the root of the heat pipe fins and the ambient temperature. Each module is a standard part, connected in series, with up to 20 modules connected in a series. The housing is 3D printed, and the temperature sensor is a digital sensor. The sensor and wires are soldered inside the cavity, and high-hardness epoxy potting compound is used for sealing. The wire connectors use plug connections, allowing for quick connection of each module in series, facilitating on-site installation, and enabling quick replacement if one module fails. When monitoring the temperature at the root of the heat pipe fins, the position should be marked before installation. During installation, apply thermal grease to the front end of the plug, clamp it directly to the root of the fin at equal intervals, and adjust and fix it using the fixing screws.

[0075] The ESP32 module is a high-performance, low-power chip module. This invention, developed using Python programming, implements timing, data reading, data collection, and timed connection with a 4G module. The default monitoring times are 3:00, 7:00, 11:00, 15:00, 19:00, and 23:00 daily. The timing of monitoring and data transmission can be adjusted by modifying the programming code. Outside of designated monitoring times, the ESP32 module is in sleep mode, and the 4G module is off, significantly saving energy and ensuring reliable operation of the monitoring equipment. When the designated monitoring time is reached, the sleep-bound ESP32 module is awakened and quickly reads data from the temperature sensor in the temperature sensing module. After the ESP32 module completes data acquisition, the 4G module is powered on and awakened, automatically receiving data from the ESP32 module and quickly connecting to the IoT platform for cloud data upload. Once the data is uploaded to the cloud, the ESP32 module enters sleep mode and begins timing again, while the 4G module remains off, thus repeating the cycle of timed data acquisition and wireless data transmission.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] This application proposes a method for evaluating the working efficiency of heat pipes used in power transmission line projects using the monitoring equipment described herein. The monitoring equipment is installed in the monitoring area, powered by solar photovoltaic energy, and employs Internet of Things (IoT) technology to collect temperature data and remotely transmit it to a cloud platform. The working efficiency of the heat pipe is quantitatively determined based on theoretical evaluation methods. During the heat pipe's operation, a temperature measuring module measures both the temperature at the root of the heat pipe fins and the ambient temperature. The working efficiency of the heat pipe is calculated and analyzed over the calculation period, including the heat pipe's operating state and duration, operating power, effective radius, and average low temperature value.

[0078] The evaluation method for the working status and duration of the heat pipe is as follows: Assuming there are n temperature measurement blocks at the fin location and m measurement blocks in the environment, the average temperature at the root of the heat pipe fin and the ambient temperature at each time point within a calculation period is calculated. The relationship between the two is compared to determine whether the heat pipe is in working condition. The average value is calculated using formulas 1-1 and 1-2.

[0079] T ci =(T c1 +T c2 +...+T cn ) / n 1-1

[0080] T ai =(T a1 +T a2 +...+T am ) / m 1-2

[0081] In the formula:

[0082] T ci The average temperature of the fin root surface of the condenser section of the heat pipe at a certain moment;

[0083] T ai The average ambient temperature at the location of the condenser section of the heat pipe at a certain moment;

[0084] When T ci >T ai At that time, the heat pipe is in working condition; when T ci ≤T ai At this time, the heat pipe is in a dormant state;

[0085] In T ci >T ai Under these conditions, the operating time of the heat pipe can be calculated using the following formulas 1-3:

[0086] t=dtK 1-3

[0087] In the formula:

[0088] t represents the operating time of the heat pipe (freezing period) during the calculation period;

[0089] dt is the time interval for the device to collect data;

[0090] K represents the number of times the heat pipe is in operation;

[0091] Based on the data collected by the monitoring equipment, the working status of the heat pipe at each monitoring time point can be statistically analyzed, and the working time of the heat pipe can be calculated.

[0092] The method for evaluating the working efficiency of the heat pipe is as follows:

[0093] In T ci >Tai Under these conditions, the heat pipe is in operation, and the operating power q of the heat pipe at this monitoring time point is... i The size can be calculated using the following formulas 2-1 and 2-2:

[0094]

[0095] eh i =2.75 + 1.51v i 0.2 2-2

[0096] In the formula:

[0097] A represents the heat dissipation area of ​​the heat pipe's condensation section surface.

[0098] eh i The effective heat transfer coefficient of the condenser section surface of the heat pipe at a certain moment;

[0099] v i The wind speed at the location of the condenser section of the heat pipe at a certain moment can be obtained from local meteorological data.

[0100] The evaluation method for the radius of action of the heat pipe is as follows:

[0101] dt∑q i =Cπ(r2) 2 -r1 2 )le(T s0 -T s 3-1

[0102]

[0103] Combining formulas 3-1 and 3-2, we obtain formula 3-3. Formula 3-3 is used to calculate the radius of action of the heat pipe during the calculation period. This equation is a transcendental equation and can be solved quickly using numerical methods in Python.

[0104]

[0105] In the formula:

[0106] C represents the volumetric heat capacity of the frozen soil;

[0107] r2 is the radius of the heat pipe during the calculation period;

[0108] r1 is the outer radius of the heat pipe base tube;

[0109] le is the length of the evaporation section of the heat pipe;

[0110] Ts0 represents the initial average temperature of the frozen soil before monitoring.

[0111] Ts is the average temperature of frozen soil within the area affected by the heat pipe during the calculation period;

[0112] Ta represents the average ambient temperature at the location of the heat pipe condensation section during the calculation period.

[0113] Rf is the exothermic thermal resistance of the surface of the condenser section of the heat pipe during the calculation period;

[0114] Rs represents the thermal resistance of the frozen soil within the range of the heat pipe during the calculation period;

[0115] T represents the calculation period;

[0116] The above method can be used to determine the effective radius of the heat pipe during different calculation periods, reflecting the dynamic process of the heat pipe's action at all times.

[0117] The evaluation method for the average geothermal value is as follows:

[0118]

[0119] The average ground temperature T of the frozen soil within the area of ​​the heat pipe's influence is calculated using Formula 4-1 during different calculation periods. s It constantly reflects the dynamic changes in soil temperature.

[0120] Example 3

[0121] This embodiment provides a specific implementation of a method for evaluating the working efficiency of heat pipes used in power transmission line engineering using the monitoring equipment of this application.

[0122] 1. Installation of remote monitoring equipment

[0123] Given that the length of the heat pipe condenser section is 1.5 meters and the spacing between temperature measuring blocks is 30 cm, 6 temperature measuring blocks are selected at the heat pipe fin root, and 1 ambient temperature measuring block is selected. Daily fixed-point monitoring data times are 3:00, 7:00, 11:00, 15:00, 19:00, and 23:00, with a data acquisition interval of 4 hours.

[0124] First, install the data acquisition and transmission device, temporarily fixing it to the end of the heat pipe. After adjusting the angle of the solar photovoltaic panel, tighten it securely. Before installing the temperature sensing blocks, mark their positions on the heat dissipation fins of the heat pipe according to the distance between them. When installing the temperature sensing blocks, apply thermal grease to the front end of the plug, clamp it to the root of the fin, and tighten it. Adjust the tightness between the blocks and the fins using the fixing screws until they are secure. After each temperature sensing block is installed, connect them in series through the interface. The end temperature sensing block is exposed to the air, and the frontmost temperature sensing block is connected to the interface of the data acquisition and transmission device.

[0125] After installation, begin the commissioning process. Open the control box, power it on, and check if the solar panel photovoltaic power supply is abnormal. Check the data received from the cloud platform to verify the number of temperature data points and the accuracy of the predetermined time points. If the above conditions are not met, further investigation is required.

[0126] 2. Work performance evaluation

[0127] Assuming the initial average temperature of the frozen soil before monitoring is -0.5℃, and the remote monitoring equipment is installed during the freezing period of the heat pipe, the working efficiency of the heat pipe is evaluated based on the monitored temperature data after a period of time. Assuming the heat pipe operates for 30 days, with identical data at the same monitoring time each day, the daily average fin root temperature and the average ambient temperature are shown in the table below:

[0128] time <![CDATA[Average temperature T of drumstick ci > <![CDATA[Ambient average temperature T ai > 3:00 -5.0℃ -9.0℃ 7:00 -7.0℃ -12.0℃ 11:00 -6.0℃ -7.0℃ 15:00 -1.0℃ 2.0℃ 19:00 -5.5℃ -7.5℃ 23:00 -6.0℃ -9.0℃

[0129] (1) Operating status and duration of the heat pipe (freezing period)

[0130] As can be seen from the table, when T is satisfied ci >T ai Under these conditions, the heat pipes are in working condition at 3:00, 7:00, 11:00, 19:00, and 23:00, and in dormant condition at 15:00.

[0131] Calculate the working time of the heat pipe according to formula 1-3:

[0132] t=dtK 1-3

[0133] The calculated operating time of the heat pipe is 600 hours.

[0134] (2) Operating power of the heat pipe

[0135] In T ci >T ai Under the conditions that the heat pipe is in operation, the operating power of the heat pipe at this monitoring time point is calculated, assuming a wind speed v of 5 m / s and a heat dissipation fin area A of 3 m². 2 ,but:

[0136]

[0137] eh i =2.75 + 1.51v i 0.2 2-2

[0138] The effective heat transfer coefficient ehi of the condenser section of the heat pipe, calculated using Formula 2-2, is 4.82 W / (m²). 2 ·℃);

[0139] The operating power of the heat pipe at different monitoring time points is calculated according to Formula 2-1 as follows:

[0140] At 3:00, the operating power of the heat pipe is 57.8W;

[0141] At 7:00 AM, the heat pipe's operating power was 72.3W.

[0142] At 11:00, the operating power of the heat pipe was 14.5W.

[0143] At 19:00, the operating power of the heat pipe was 28.9W.

[0144] At 23:00, the operating power of the heating element was 43.4W.

[0145] (3) Radius of the heat pipe

[0146] Assuming the heat pipe diameter is 76mm, the thermal conductivity of frozen soil is 1.1W / (m·℃), the evaporation section length is 7m, and the volumetric heat capacity of frozen soil is 2470KJ / (m³),... 3 (℃). Then, during the calculation period of 30 days, according to formula 3-3, the radius of the heat pipe is 2.03m.

[0147] (4) Average ground temperature

[0148] During the calculation period, the average ground temperature is -2.2℃, calculated according to Formula 4-1.

[0149] When the heat pipe is in operation, the condensation section exhibits heat dissipation, thus identifying the heat pipe as operational. Data transmitted to the cloud platform via the monitoring equipment described in this application is used to calculate the heat pipe's operational efficiency during the calculation period, based on theoretical relationships. This includes the operational status and duration, operating power, radius of influence, and average ground temperature. This evaluation method effectively quantifies the operational efficiency of heat pipes, significantly advancing the development of monitoring technology for heat pipe projects in cold regions. It also facilitates the maintenance and management of heat pipes in project operations and provides a valuable basis for managers to take timely engineering measures and make informed decisions.

[0150] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A heat rod working efficiency remote monitoring device for power transmission line engineering, comprising a heat rod, a lower half of the heat rod is inserted into the ground, and an upper half of the heat rod is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation fins, characterized in that: The data acquisition and transmission device and a plurality of temperature measurement groups are further included; The data acquisition and transmission device is arranged at the end of the heat rod and includes a solar photovoltaic panel for converting solar energy, a machine box for accommodating various components, a power module, wires for connecting various components, an interface for connecting external temperature measurement groups, a 4G module for remotely transmitting data, a support for supporting the data acquisition and transmission device, an ESP32 module for collecting and processing data, and a battery for storing electric energy; The machine box is mounted at the end of the heat rod by the support, the power module, the 4G module, the ESP32 module and the battery are arranged in the machine box, the interface is arranged on the side wall of the machine box, and the solar photovoltaic panel is arranged on the top of the machine box and electrically connected with the power module; The temperature measurement groups are used for testing the temperature of the heat rod fin root and the ambient temperature, a plurality of temperature measurement groups are arranged at equal intervals on the heat dissipation fin, the temperature measurement groups are connected in series, the front end temperature measurement group is connected with the interface of the data acquisition and transmission device, and the tail end temperature measurement group is exposed to the air.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: The bottom of the machine box is connected with the support in a hinged manner.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises: The power module is connected with the ESP32 module, the 4G module and the battery respectively; the battery is connected with the ESP32 module and the 4G module respectively; the ESP32 module is connected with the 4G module and the interface through wires; and the 4G module and the ESP32 module are connected with the Internet of Things platform.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine box is made of waterproof and heat-insulating materials.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each temperature measurement group includes a shell, a horizontal insertion opening is formed in the shell, one end of the insertion opening close to the heat rod is arc-shaped, the temperature measurement group is clamped on the heat dissipation fin through the insertion opening, a cavity is formed in the surface of the shell, a temperature sensor and wires are welded in the cavity, high-hardness epoxy potting adhesive is filled in the cavity, a connector is connected with the wires at one end of the shell away from the insertion opening, a sheath is arranged on the wires for connecting the connector, the sheath is connected with the shell, and a plurality of fixed screws are arranged in the upper end surface of the shell in a threaded manner, and the lower ends of the fixed screws extend into the insertion opening.

6. A method for evaluating the working efficiency of a hot stick for a power transmission line project using the monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by: The monitoring equipment is installed, in the working state of the heat rod, part of the temperature measurement groups measure the temperature of the heat rod fin root, and part of the temperature measurement groups measure the ambient temperature, the working efficiency of the heat rod in the calculation period is calculated and analyzed, including the working state and length of the heat rod, the working power of the heat rod, the action radius of the heat rod and the average low temperature value.

7. The evaluation method according to claim 6, characterized by: The evaluation method of the working state and length of the heat rod is that the number of temperature measurement groups at the fin position is assumed to be n, the number of measurement groups in the environment is m, the average value of the heat rod fin root and the ambient temperature at each time point in a calculation period is calculated, the size relationship is compared, and whether the heat rod is in the working state is judged, and the average value is calculated by 1-1 and 1-2 formulas: T ci = (T c1 + T c2 +... + T cn ) / n 1-1 T ai = (T a1 + T a2 +... + T am ) / m 1-2 In the formula, T ci Tave is the average temperature of the condenser surface of the hot-rod at a certain time; T ai T is the average temperature of the environment in which the cold condenser section of the thermal rod is located at a certain moment; When T ci > T ai , the thermal rod is in working state; when T ci ≤ T ai , the thermal rod is in dormant state; In T ci > T ai Under the condition, the heat rod working time can be calculated by the following formulas 1-3: t=dtK 1-3 In the formula, t is the working length of the heat rod in the calculation period (frozen period); dt is the time interval of the equipment collecting data; K is the monitoring number of the heat rod in the working state; According to the data collected by the equipment, the working state of the heat rod at each monitoring time point is statistically analyzed, and the working length of the heat rod can also be calculated.

8. The evaluation method according to claim 7, characterized by: The evaluation method of the working efficiency of the heat rod is: In the case of T ci > T ai , the hot rod is in working condition, and the working power q i of the hot rod at the monitoring time point can be calculated by the following formulas 2-1 and 2-2: eh i = 2.75 + 1.51v i 0.2 2-2 In the formula, A is the surface area of the heat rod condensing section; eh i Keffis the effective heat transfer coefficient of the condenser surface at a certain time. v i The wind speed at the location of the hot-rod condensing section at a certain time can be obtained from local meteorological data.

9. The evaluation method according to claim 8, characterized by: The evaluation method of the heat rod action radius is: dt∑ qi = Cπ(r2 2 -r1 2 ) le(T s0 -T s ) 3-1 Combining formula 3-1 and 3-2, formula 3-3 is obtained, and the heat rod action radius in the calculation period is solved by formula 3-3. The equation is a transcendental equation, which can be quickly solved by numerical method in python; In the formula: C is the volume heat capacity of frozen soil; r2 is the heat rod action radius in the calculation period; r1 is the outer radius of the heat rod base pipe; le is the length of the heat rod evaporation section; Ts0 is the initial average temperature of the frozen soil before monitoring; Ts is the average temperature of the frozen soil in the heat rod action range in the calculation period; Ta is the average temperature of the environment where the heat rod condensing section is located in the calculation period; Rf is the heat release resistance of the surface of the heat rod condensing section in the calculation period; Rs is the frozen soil thermal resistance in the heat rod action range in the calculation period; T is the calculation period; Through the above method, the size of the heat rod action radius in different calculation periods can be solved, and the heat rod action dynamic process is reflected at any time.

10. The evaluation method according to claim 9, characterized by: The evaluation method of the average ground temperature value is: The average ground temperature T in the range of the thermal probe is calculated by formula 4-1 s , which reflects the dynamic change of the soil temperature.

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