Low-carbon circular agriculture method suitable for planting and breeding combination based on industrial production of edible mushrooms as leading industry

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-carbon cycle agriculture method suitable for planting and breeding combination based on industrial production of edible mushrooms as a leading industry, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: selecting local selenium-rich land and planting selenium-rich crops; after the selenium-rich crops are harvested, waste of the selenium-rich crops is collected; the waste of the selenium-rich crops is prepared into an edible mushroom culture medium and used for cultivating selenium-rich edible mushrooms; after the selenium-rich edible mushrooms are harvested, the mushroom residues are prepared into selenium-rich feed and used for feeding livestock, and animal waste and waste mushroom residues are collected to be prepared into selenium-rich organic fertilizer. A three-material circulation chain of plant waste, fungi, livestock feed, organic fertilizer and organic plants is adopted. The mushroom bran is further processed into selenium-rich feed for breeding, animal waste is collected and converted into selenium-rich organic fertilizer to be returned to the field, and closed cycle organic authentication is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically relating to a low-carbon circular agriculture method for planting and breeding suitable for Northwest China, based on the industrialized edible fungi industry. Background Technology

[0002] From the current situation of the agricultural and pastoral industry in Inner Mongolia, there are three core pain points that urgently need to be addressed: First, resource utilization is inefficient. Every year, Inner Mongolia generates a large amount of agricultural waste such as corn stalks and mushroom residue, most of which are burned or simply returned to the field, which not only wastes resources but also causes environmental problems. Secondly, the high-quality varieties have poor adaptability. Most of the existing selenium-enriched oyster mushroom strains are designed for the autumn and winter seasons in Central China, East China, and southern regions (production is suspended from April to September due to high summer temperatures). They are difficult to adapt to the cool summer climate (low temperature and large temperature difference between day and night) in Inner Mongolia and Gansu, which hinders the industrialization of selenium-enriched edible fungi in the region. Third, there is a shortage of high-value-added products. Local feed is mostly ordinary basic feed, lacking selenium-enriched feed with growth-promoting and stress-resistance functions, which cannot meet the needs of improving the quality of livestock and poultry breeding. This project precisely addresses the above pain points through waste recycling, targeted microbial cultivation, and selenium-enriched feed research and development, filling the dual gaps in domestic "selenium-enriched whole-chain recycling" technology and the Inner Mongolia high-quality selenium-enriched feed market.

[0003] The technology for selenium-enriched feed for ruminants faces several challenges. The high cost of organic selenium addition hinders its widespread adoption. Low bioavailability is another issue: the complex metabolic pathways and unclear mechanisms of selenium conversion by the ruminant gut microbiota, coupled with the influence of gut microbiota diversity on selenium metabolism, lead to fluctuations in enrichment efficiency. Furthermore, unclear regulations pose risks, particularly regarding excessive addition of unconverted inorganic selenium: unabsorbed inorganic selenium may accumulate in feces, causing soil pollution, and excessive addition of inorganic selenium can introduce numerous safety concerns.

[0004] Therefore, a low-carbon and efficient agricultural method suitable for Inner Mongolia is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a low-carbon agricultural method based on the edible fungi industry suitable for Inner Mongolia. This invention forms a circular chain of "waste crops—fungi—livestock feed—livestock—organic fertilizer—organic selenium-enriched crops". The fungal residue is further processed into selenium-enriched feed for animal husbandry, while animal manure is converted into organic fertilizer and returned to the fields, forming a closed loop.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a low-carbon circular agriculture method suitable for integrated crop and livestock farming, based on factory-scale production of edible fungi as the leading industry, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare edible fungi culture medium from waste of selenium-enriched crops and use it to enhance the tolerance of edible fungi to selenium and the adsorption tolerance of selenium element; convert inorganic selenium into organic selenium fungi with a content of more than 180 mg / kg through the mycelium of edible fungi. S2. After harvesting selenium-enriched edible fungi, the fungal residue is prepared as selenium-enriched feed and used to feed livestock. Animal manure and degraded selenium-enriched fungal residue are collected and prepared as selenium-enriched organic fertilizer. S3. Select local selenium-rich land and plant selenium-rich crops, and apply selenium-rich organic fertilizer; S4. Collect the waste from selenium-enriched crops and return it to S1 to make a substrate for selenium-enriched edible and medicinal fungi.

[0007] Preferably, the selenium-enriched crop S1 is selenium-enriched corn.

[0008] Preferably, the waste from selenium-rich crops in S1 includes straw and core material.

[0009] Preferably, the edible fungus culture medium in S1 also includes 40 ppm of sodium selenite.

[0010] At this concentration, the selenium accumulation in oyster mushrooms is significantly increased, and it has no inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and fruiting body yield; on the contrary, it may promote biomass growth. If the concentration exceeds 200 mg / kg, it may inhibit mycelial growth, causing the time to full bag filling to be delayed by 5-7 days, or even reduce yield.

[0011] Preferably, the edible fungus in S1 is a selenium-rich fungus strain adapted to the cool climate of Inner Mongolia.

[0012] Preferably, the selenium-enriched feed in S2 is composed of mushroom bran, corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran.

[0013] Preferably, the livestock in S2 includes cattle, sheep, pigs, and chickens.

[0014] Preferably, the indicator for the selenium-rich land in S3 is an average soil selenium content of 0.35 mg / kg.

[0015] Preferably, in S3, planting selenium-enriched crops requires determining the fertilizer application dosage, sowing time, and field treatment during the planting process to ensure a stable yield of selenium-enriched corn.

[0016] It contains at least the following beneficial technical effects: This invention leverages the selenium-rich land resources of Inner Mongolia to cultivate selenium-rich crops and utilize their waste to prepare edible mushroom cultivation substrate, fostering selenium-rich edible mushrooms adapted to cool climates. This forms a circular chain of "waste crops—mushrooms—livestock feed—livestock—organic fertilizer—organic selenium-rich crops." The mushroom residue is further processed into selenium-rich feed for livestock, while animal manure is converted into organic fertilizer and returned to the fields, creating a closed loop. This model not only significantly reduces agricultural production's dependence on external resources and production costs but also effectively improves the resource utilization rate of waste, reduces environmental pollution, and enhances the selenium nutritional value and market competitiveness of agricultural products. Ultimately, it achieves the goals of improving the quality and efficiency of green organic agriculture and promoting regional low-carbon circular agriculture development. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. The invention will now be described with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely descriptive and do not limit the invention in any way.

[0018] Example 1 S1. Mix 75% selenium-enriched corn cobs, 15% cottonseed hulls, 9% wheat bran, and 1% lime by weight percentage, and add 40 mg / kg (40 ppm) of sodium selenite. After three days of fermentation, mix thoroughly twice with a large mixer and bag on a fully automatic packaging machine (maintain the substrate moisture content at 60% after bagging and leave ventilation holes to promote mycelial respiration). Then, sterilize with high-temperature steam (121℃ for 150 minutes). After pre-cooling and strong cooling to 25℃, inoculate and cultivate for 18 days. The optimal temperature for the mycelial stage is 28℃, at which temperature the selenium enrichment efficiency is the highest. Once the mycelium has fully absorbed the substrate bag, transfer it to the mushroom production workshop for mushroom management. After harvesting the edible fungi, collect the mycelial residue. S2. Selenium-enriched feed preparation: 900kg of mushroom bran, 100kg of corn flour, 50kg of soybean meal, 2kg of salt, 1 pack of fermentation agent (a compound agent of lactic acid bacteria and yeast), and water (adjust the moisture content to 60%).

[0019] Remove impurities and moldy parts from the unfermented yeast bran, dry and crush it into granules, and then mix it with corn flour, soybean meal, and salt. After dissolving the fermenting agent in water, spray it evenly into the mixture; pack it into a sealed container, compact it, and anaerobic ferment for 8 days until an alcoholic aroma is produced before use. Mix the resulting selenium-enriched feed with corn and soybean meal and feed it to dairy cows and beef cattle. The amount of selenium-enriched feed should not exceed 40% of the total daily ration of dairy cows and beef cattle. S3. Selenium-enriched organic fertilizer production: Mix cow manure from dairy cows and beef cows with deteriorated selenium-enriched bacterial bran at a weight ratio of 6:3 to obtain mixture one, controlling the moisture content of mixture one to be 30-50%; mix brown sugar and bacterial inoculum at a weight ratio of 98:2, and then spread it on the surface of mixture one to obtain mixture two; then turn and stir mixture two, and then pile it into a long strip 2m wide and 0.4m high for aerobic fermentation; turn and stir once a day during fermentation, and ferment for 20 days to obtain organic fertilizer; S4. Organic Corn Planting: Apply the obtained organic fertilizer into fertilization trenches at a depth of at least 12cm. Apply 2400 kg of well-rotted selenium-rich fertilizer per acre to comprehensively supplement nutrients and improve soil structure. Combine this with deep plowing to mix the fertilizer with the soil. Later, apply topdressing in stages according to the corn's nutrient requirements. If multiple topdressings are not possible, slow-release fertilizer can be applied as a base fertilizer in one application, with subsequent supplemental fertilization based on growth conditions.

[0020] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-carbon circular agriculture method suitable for combination of planting and breeding based on factory production of edible fungi as the leading industry, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1. Preparing the waste of selenium-rich crops as edible fungus culture medium and using it to strengthen the tolerance of edible fungus to selenium; converting inorganic selenium into organic selenium fungus with a content of 180 mg / kg or above by the mycelium of edible fungus; S2. After harvesting selenium-rich edible fungus, preparing the fungus dregs as selenium-rich feed and feeding livestock, collecting animal manure and changing the selenium-rich fungus dregs into selenium-rich organic fertilizer; S3. Selecting local selenium-rich land and planting selenium-rich crops and applying selenium-rich organic fertilizer; S4. Collecting the waste of selenium-rich crops and returning it to S1 to make the substrate of selenium-rich edible and medicinal fungus.

2. The low carbon farming method of claim 1, wherein, The selenium-rich crops in S1 are selenium-rich corn.

3. The low carbon agriculture method of claim 1, wherein, The waste of selenium-rich crops in S1 includes straw and core material.

4. The low carbon farming method of claim 1, wherein, The edible fungus culture medium in S1 further comprises 40 ppm of sodium selenite.

5. The low carbon agriculture method of claim 1, wherein, The edible fungus in S1 is a selenium-rich fungus strain suitable for the cold and cool climate in Inner Mongolia.

6. The low carbon farming method of claim 1, wherein, The selenium-rich feed in S2 is configured by fungus dregs, corn, soybean meal and bran.

7. The low carbon farming method of claim 1, wherein, The livestock in S2 includes cattle, sheep, pigs and chickens.

8. The low carbon agriculture method of claim 1, wherein, The index of selenium-rich land in S3 is the average content of selenium in soil, i.e. 0.35 mg / kg.

9. The low carbon agriculture method of claim 1, wherein, Planting selenium-rich crops in S3 requires determining the fertilizer application dose, sowing time and field treatment in the planting process to ensure the stable output of selenium-rich corn.