Planting method for waterlogging-resisting, seedling-protecting, drought-resisting and harvest-protecting oilseed rape in rice field

Abstract

The invention discloses a waterlogging-resisting, seedling-protecting, drought-resisting and harvesting-protecting planting method for oilseed rape in a rice field, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. (2) after the rice is harvested, when a tractor does not sink during operation, selecting a sunny day to crush the straws, and naturally and uniformly dispersing the crushed straws in the field; (3) when there is no open water in the field and the tractor is not trapped during operation, turning over once by using the tractor, and carrying out rotary tillage twice so as to uniformly mix the straws and the soil; (4) after the rotary tillage operation is completed, ditching operation is carried out, the width of a planting compartment surface is 140 cm, and the raised part of the earth surface is leveled; and (5) after leveling, using a seeder to perform film mulching, fertilization and seeding according to a wide row: narrow row ratio of 50cm: 30cm. In this way, waterlogging damage can be relieved, weeds are inhibited, drought resistance and water retention are achieved, the water and fertilizer utilization rate is increased, and finally disaster avoidance and reduction, high yield and high efficiency of rice field oilseed rape are achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of crop planting technology, in particular to a planting method for rice field rape anti-flood seedling protection and drought-resistant yield protection. BACKGROUND

[0002] The southwest region is the main production area and important double-low rape production base of China. High yield and stable yield of rape in this region plays a crucial role in the development of China's rape industry. However, there is a significant seasonal difference in rainfall in this region, and the distribution is extremely uneven. From June to September, a large amount of rainfall is produced under the control of the tropical marine warm and humid air mass, and the total rainfall in four months is 753.7 mm, accounting for 76% of the total annual rainfall. In winter and spring, under the control of the continental dry and cold air mass, the climate is dry and the rainfall is scarce. This climate feature is prone to cause natural disasters such as autumn flooding and spring drought of rape, resulting in serious seed rot and poor seedling emergence after autumn sowing, or poor growth, low seedling rate and weak growth potential after seedling emergence, and the wild rape and weeds are rampant, and the serious field is almost in a semi-waste state. In spring, the soil of farmland is severely drought due to high temperature and less rainfall, which is the flowering and podding period of rape, and sufficient water is needed to ensure its good growth. During this period, drought can easily cause fewer angle fruits, fewer grains per angle, and lower thousand-grain weight, thereby greatly reducing the yield. Therefore, autumn flooding and spring drought are the main climatic constraints for rape production in the southwest region of China. In severe years, it can cause a substantial reduction in yield and seriously affect the development of rape industry in the southwest region of China.

[0003] At present, the commonly used drought-resistant and disaster-reducing, flood-resistant and disaster-reducing cultivation techniques and measures for rape in production mainly include ridge culture and mulching. Mulching can improve soil temperature, reduce frost damage, inhibit weeds, accumulate rainwater, reduce evaporation, and improve water and fertilizer utilization, which is an effective measure for drought resistance and high yield. Ridge culture reduces soil compaction, promotes root growth, enhances lodging resistance, and improves soil temperature and water management, creating conditions for high yield and quality. At the same time, the field drainage is optimized to avoid the problem of root rot caused by water accumulation, and to promote the formation of strong seedlings. Traditional ridge culture and mulching technology is hindered in its popularization and application due to its complex operation, time-consuming and labor-intensive, especially the need for hole planting on the film, which requires seedling transplantation, operation difficulty, and the quality of sowing is not easy to guarantee. A small amount of rainfall is difficult to collect and the root part cannot achieve the effect of rainwater harvesting and soil conservation. At present, most of the production still adopts the way of open field cultivation. If there is flooding, the seedling emergence and seedling rate will be low. If drought is not irrigated in time, rape will have a large area of yield reduction.

[0004] Based on this, the present application designs a planting method for rice field rape anti-flood seedling protection and drought-resistant yield protection to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a planting method for rice field rape anti-flood seedling protection and drought-resistant yield protection.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present application is implemented by the following technical solutions: A rice field oilseed rape waterlogging-resistant seedling-protecting and drought-resistant yield-ensuring planting method, comprising the following steps: (1) draining and airing the field 7-10 days before rice harvesting; (2) crushing the straw on a sunny day after rice harvesting, and evenly dispersing the crushed straw in the field soil; (3) ploughing and rotary ploughing when there is no open water in the field and the tractor operation does not get stuck; (4) ditching operation, and flattening the protrusions on the ground surface; (5) after flattening, film mulching, fertilization and seed coating of the oilseed rape seeds; The coated oilseed rape seed is prepared from the oilseed rape seeds to be sowed and a seed coating agent, and the seed coating agent is prepared from 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 5-10 parts of pullulan, 0.5-1.5 parts of lecithin, 1-2 parts of glycerol, 25-40 parts of modified composite clay powder, 3-6 parts of ternary composite microspheres and 3-8 parts of beneficial microbial spore powder. The preparation method of the modified composite clay powder is as follows: refluxing 5-8 parts of erythritol and 8-12 parts of citric acid at 80-90 DEG C for 2-3 hours, then keeping the temperature at 60-70 DEG C, adding 15-22 parts of kaolin powder and 5-10 parts of diatomite powder, and continuing to stir for 2-3 hours, and then centrifuging, washing, low-temperature drying and grinding and sieving to obtain the modified composite clay powder; The preparation method of the ternary composite microspheres is as follows: dissolving 4-6 parts of sodium alginate, 2-4 parts of gelatin and 8-12 parts of malt dextrin in 150-170 parts of deionized water at 50-60 DEG C, stirring until completely dissolved, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain solution A; adding 2-4 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi water extract and 1.5-2.5 parts of vitamin C to solution A, stirring to obtain solution B, and dissolving 0.8-1.2 parts of jasmonic acid in 4-6 parts of anhydrous ethanol to obtain solution C; dropping solution C into solution B under high-speed shearing, stirring, and then spray drying to obtain microsphere particles, dispersing the above microsphere particles in deionized water, adding a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution and stirring to adsorb, and then crosslinking and solidifying with a sodium tripolyphosphate solution, washing, low-temperature drying after solidification, and then obtaining the ternary composite microspheres.

[0007] Further, the preparation method of the coated oilseed rape seed is specifically as follows: mixing the oilseed rape seeds to be sowed and the seed coating agent at a weight ratio of 1:25-1:40, and obtaining the coated oilseed rape seed under the action of a coating machine.

[0008] Further, the preparation process of the seed coating agent is specifically as follows: Add deionized water into the stirring tank and heat to 40-45℃, then add 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 5-10 parts of pullulan, 0.5-1.5 parts of lecithin and 1-2 parts of glycerol successively under stirring at 200-400 rpm, and stir for 20-40 minutes; Increase the rotating speed to 8000-12000 rpm, and slowly add 25-40 parts of modified composite clay powder under high speed shearing, and continue shearing for 15-20 minutes; Decrease the stirring speed to 300-500 rpm, then add 3-6 parts of ternary composite microspheres and 3-8 parts of beneficial microbial spore powder successively, and continue stirring for 8-12 minutes; Add 0.1-0.5 parts of spirulina blue protein for coloring, and adjust the pH to 5.8-6.5 with citric acid, and then filter to obtain the seed coating agent.

[0009] Further, in the preparation method of the modified composite clay powder, the temperature during low-temperature drying is controlled at 60-70℃; In the preparation method of the ternary composite microspheres, the inlet air temperature of the spray drying is 160-165℃, and the outlet air temperature is 60-70℃.

[0010] Further, the depth of plowing in step (3) is ≥25 cm, and the depth of rotary plowing is ≥15 cm; In step (4), the ditch depth is 30 cm, the ditch width is 20 cm, and the planting width is 140 cm; In step (5), after leveling, the film covering, fertilizing and seeding are performed according to the wide row:narrow row=50 cm:30 cm.

[0011] Further, the length of the straw crushed in step (2) is ≤10 cm, the uneven throwing rate is ≤15%, and the average stubble height is ≤10 cm.

[0012] Further, in step (3), the tractor operation is not trapped in the car, that is, the adult foot sinking depth is ≤2 cm.

[0013] Further, in step (5), the film covering, seeding and fertilizing are simultaneously realized by a double-ridge rape film side seeding machine, the wide row is covered by 50 cm ordinary white polyethylene film, the film and the film are spaced by 30 cm, and the seeding is performed on both sides of the film, 2 pieces of film are laid on one ridge, and the film edge and the ridge edge are spaced by 5 cm.

[0014] In order to better achieve the purpose of the present application, the present application also provides a subject Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that: 1. kaolin and diatomite are modified by using erythritol and citric acid to prepare seed coating, so that the disease resistance and cold tolerance of the oilseed rape are enhanced; 2. the jasmonic acid is modified in stages during the preparation of the seed coating, so that the lodging resistance, disease resistance and cold tolerance of the oilseed rape are enhanced; 3. the seed coating preparation method is combined with the planting method, so that the disaster avoidance and reduction and high yield and efficiency of the paddy field oilseed rape are realized. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 Effect diagram of the furrow wide and narrow row sowing of the present application Figure 1 ; Figure 2 Effect diagram of the furrow wide and narrow row sowing of the present application Figure 2 ; Figure 3 Influence diagram of each treatment in the present application on the soil temperature of the 0-10cm soil layer in the comparative example 1. Figure 4 Influence diagram of each treatment in the present application on the soil temperature of the 0-20cm soil layer in the comparative example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the following will combine the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0018] Embodiment 1: a planting method for rice field oilseed rape to resist waterlogging and preserve seedlings, resist drought and preserve yield, specifically comprising the following steps: 1. Modification of kaolin and diatomite 5 parts of erythritol and 12 parts of citric acid are refluxed at 80℃ for 3 hours, then the temperature is kept at 60℃, 22 parts of kaolin powder and 5 parts of diatomite powder are added, and the stirring reaction is continued for 3 hours, after centrifugation, washing, low-temperature drying and grinding and sieving, the modified composite clay powder is obtained. The temperature control during low-temperature drying is 60℃.

[0019] 2. Stepwise modification of jasmonic acid Dissolve 4 parts of sodium alginate, 4 parts of gelatin and 8 parts of malt dextrin in 170 parts of deionized water at 50℃, stir until completely dissolved, and then cool to room temperature to obtain solution A; Add 2 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi water extract and 2.5 parts of vitamin C to solution A, stir to obtain solution B; Dissolve 0.8 parts of jasmonic acid in 6 parts of anhydrous ethanol to obtain solution C; Under high-speed shearing at a rotation speed of 10,000 rpm, add solution C dropwise to solution B, continue to stir for 10 minutes, and then spray dry to obtain microsphere particles; Disperse the above microsphere particles in deionized water, add a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution dropwise and stir to adsorb, then crosslink and solidify with a sodium tripolyphosphate solution, and after solidification, wash, and low-temperature drying, obtain the ternary composite microspheres; The inlet air temperature of spray drying is 160℃, and the outlet air temperature is 70℃.

[0020] 3. Preparation of seed coating agent The following raw materials are weighed by weight fraction: 1 part of sodium alginate, 10 parts of pullulan, 0.5 parts of lecithin, 2 parts of glycerol, 25 parts of modified composite clay powder, 6 parts of ternary composite microspheres, and 3 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder (beneficial microorganism spore powder).

[0021] Add deionized water (the amount of deionized water added accounts for 60% of the volume of the stirring tank) to the stirring tank, heat to 45℃, and under 200 rpm stirring, add sodium alginate, pullulan, lecithin and glycerol in turn, and stir for 40 minutes; Increase the rotation speed to 8000 rpm, and slowly add the modified composite clay powder under high-speed shearing, and continue shearing for 20 minutes; Reduce the stirring speed to 300 rpm, and add the ternary composite microspheres and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder in turn, and continue to stir for 12 minutes; Add spirulina blue protein for coloring, and adjust the pH to 5.8 with citric acid, and after adjustment, filter to obtain the seed coating agent.

[0022] 4. Preparation of coated rape seeds Mix the seeds to be sown with the seed coating agent at a weight ratio of 1:25, and under the action of the coating machine, obtain the coated rape seeds.

[0023] 5. Planting of coated rape seeds (1) Drain the field 7 days before rice harvesting; (2) After rice harvesting, choose a sunny day to crush the straw with a tractor, and the crushed straw is evenly and naturally dispersed in the field. If it continues to rain and the soil is still in a state of clear water, on the basis of soil non-tillage, ditching is performed to drain water, so as to avoid the situation that a large amount of rainfall in the later period cannot infiltrate into the soil, resulting in that the clear water cannot be drained away; (3) When there is no clear water in the field and the tractor operation does not get stuck, use the tractor to plow once (plowing depth ≥ 25 cm) and rotary tillage twice (rotary tillage depth ≥ 15 cm) to mix the straw and the soil evenly; (4) After the rotary tillage operation is completed, use a 95-horsepower tractor and a ditching machine with a rotary tiller to perform ditching operation (ditch depth 30 cm, ditch width 20 cm), the planting compartment width is 140 cm, and the surface protrusions are flattened; (5) After flattening, use the self-developed double-ridge rape film side-seeding machine to perform film covering, fertilization and seeding according to wide row:narrow row=50 cm:30 cm.

[0024] The effect diagram of ditching wide-narrow row seeding is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0025] The rice is harvested, and the ditching is started to drain water and dry the field before the rice is harvested, and the excess clear water in the rice season is drained; if continuous rainfall occurs, one more ditching operation is performed on the basis of soil non-tillage to drain water; after the rape is seeded, since the ditching operation is performed, even if it is a continuous rainy season in the whole month of October, a large amount of water is concentrated in the ditch and flows away along the drainage ditch, and the rape on the compartment surface is almost not affected, so the effect of resisting waterlogging and protecting seedlings can be achieved.

[0026] In the southwest region of China, from November to February of the next year, the rainfall is extremely small, the film side-seeding on the compartment surface can make the limited rainfall flow to the rape roots along with the mulch film, and the mulch film covering can inhibit the evaporation of effective water, so as to effectively utilize the rainfall and resist drought in the seedling stage, and ensure strong seedlings, thereby laying a foundation for a good harvest, and the effect of resisting drought and ensuring harvest can be achieved.

[0027] Embodiment 2: A kind of rice field rape anti-flood seedling, anti-drought harvest planting method, specifically comprising the following steps: 1, modification of kaolin and diatomite 8 parts of erythritol and 8 parts of citric acid are refluxed at 90°C for 2 hours, then the temperature is kept at 70°C, 15 parts of kaolin powder and 10 parts of diatomite powder are added, and the stirring reaction is continued for 2 hours, after centrifugation, washing, low-temperature drying and grinding and sieving, the modified composite clay powder is obtained; The temperature of low-temperature drying is controlled at 70°C.

[0028] 2, ladder modification of jasmonic acid Dissolve 6 parts of sodium alginate, 2 parts of gelatin and 12 parts of malt dextrin in 150 parts of deionized water at 60℃, stir until completely dissolved, and then cool to room temperature to obtain solution A; Add 4 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi water extract and 1.5 parts of vitamin C to solution A, and stir to obtain solution B; Dissolve 1.2 parts of jasmonic acid in 4 parts of anhydrous ethanol to obtain solution C; Under high-speed shearing at a rotation speed of 12000 rpm, add solution C dropwise to solution B, continue to stir for 5 minutes, and then spray dry to obtain microsphere particles; Disperse the above microsphere particles in deionized water, add a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution and stir to adsorb, then cross-link and solidify with a sodium tripolyphosphate solution. After solidification, wash, and low-temperature drying, ternary composite microspheres are obtained. The inlet air temperature of spray drying is 165℃, and the outlet air temperature is 60℃.

[0029] 3. Preparation of seed coating agent The following raw materials are weighed by weight fraction: 3 parts of sodium alginate, 5 parts of pullulan, 1.5 parts of lecithin, 1 part of glycerol, 40 parts of modified composite clay powder, 3 parts of ternary composite microspheres, and 8 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder.

[0030] Add deionized water (the amount of deionized water added accounts for 70% of the volume of the stirring tank) to the stirring tank, heat to 40℃, and add sodium alginate, pullulan, lecithin, and glycerol in turn under stirring at 400 rpm, and stir for 20 minutes; Increase the rotation speed to 12000 rpm, and slowly add the modified composite clay powder under high-speed shearing, and continue shearing for 15 minutes; Reduce the stirring speed to 500 rpm, and add the ternary composite microspheres and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder in turn, and continue to stir for 8 minutes; Add spirulina phycocyanin for coloring, and adjust the pH to 6.5 with citric acid. After adjustment, filter to obtain a seed coating agent.

[0031] 4. Preparation of coated rape seeds Mix the seeds to be sown with the seed coating agent at a weight ratio of 1:40, and coat the rape seeds in a coating machine to obtain coated rape seeds.

[0032] 5. Planting of coated rape seeds is performed 10 days before rice harvesting, and the rest of the steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0033] Example 3: A rice field rape waterlogging-resistant seedling protection and drought-resistant yield protection planting method, specifically comprising the following steps: 1. Modification of kaolin and diatomite The 6 parts of erythritol and 10 parts of citric acid were refluxed at 85℃ for 2.5 hours, then the temperature was kept at 65℃, 18 parts of kaolin powder and 8 parts of diatomite powder were added, and the reaction was continued for 2.5 hours. After centrifugation, washing, low-temperature drying and sieving, the modified composite clay powder was obtained. The temperature during low-temperature drying was controlled at 65℃.

[0034] 2. Stepwise modification of jasmonic acid 5 parts of sodium alginate, 3 parts of gelatin and 9 parts of malt dextrin were dissolved in 160 parts of deionized water at 55℃, and stirred until completely dissolved, then cooled to room temperature to obtain solution A. 3 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi water extract and 2 parts of vitamin C were added to solution A, and stirred to obtain solution B. 1 part of jasmonic acid was dissolved in 5 parts of anhydrous ethanol to obtain solution C. Solution C was added dropwise to solution B under high-speed shearing at a rotation speed of 10050 rpm, and the stirring was continued for 8 minutes, then spray drying was performed, and the microsphere particles were obtained after drying. The above microsphere particles were dispersed in deionized water, and a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution was added dropwise and stirred for adsorption, and then a trisodium phosphate solution was used for crosslinking and solidification. After washing and low-temperature drying, the ternary composite microspheres were obtained. The inlet air temperature of spray drying was 162℃, and the outlet air temperature was 62℃.

[0035] 3. Preparation of seed coating agent The following raw materials were weighed by weight fraction: 2 parts of sodium alginate, 8 parts of pullulan, 1 part of lecithin, 1.5 parts of glycerol, 35 parts of modified composite clay powder, 5 parts of ternary composite microspheres and 6 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder.

[0036] Deionized water was added to the stirring tank (the amount of deionized water was 65% of the volume of the stirring tank), and heated to 42℃. Under stirring at 300 rpm, sodium alginate, pullulan, lecithin and glycerol were added in sequence, and stirred for 30 minutes. The rotation speed was increased to 10000 rpm, and the modified composite clay powder was slowly added under high-speed shearing, and the shearing was continued for 18 minutes. The stirring speed was reduced to 350 rpm, and the ternary composite microspheres and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder were added in sequence, and the stirring was continued for 10 minutes. Spirulina phycocyanin was added for coloring, and the pH was adjusted to 6.0 with citric acid. After adjustment, the seed coating agent was obtained by filtration.

[0037] 4. Preparation of coated rape seeds The seeds to be sown were mixed with the seed coating agent at a weight ratio of 1:30, and the coated rape seeds were obtained under the action of a coating machine.

[0038] 5, The coated rape seeds are planted 8 days before the rice is harvested, and the rest of the steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0039] Comparative Example 1: A field experiment is used, two factors are set, a total of 4 treatments, each treatment is repeated 3 times, and the treatment conditions are shown in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1 Summary of treatment conditions Each treatment is planted in a separate compartment in the same field, and the interval between different treatments is 50 cm, and a total of 12 rows of rape are planted for each treatment. The amount of seed used per mu is 300g, and the density is 30000 plants / mu. 50kg of special compound fertilizer for rape is applied per mu, and other management measures are the same as conventional.

[0041] The specific determination indexes are as follows: (1) Soil temperature: During the seedling and bud stages of rape, the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm is measured using a curved tube soil thermometer. Three points are measured in each plot, including the wide row, narrow row, and plant row. The sampling points are kept on the same line. The measurement times are 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, and 18:00, and the average value is taken as the soil temperature during the growth period of rape.

[0042] (2) Soil moisture content: During the seedling and bud stages of rape, soil samples are collected, and the 0-20 cm soil moisture content is measured using the drying and weighing method. Three sampling points are set in each plot, including the wide row, narrow row, and plant row, and the sampling points are kept on the same line.

[0043] (3) Emergence rate: Emergence area / plot area.

[0044] (4) Weed amount: After sowing rape, 3 areas of 1m 2 are randomly selected in each treatment for positioning and measuring weeds, and the weight of weeds is measured once during the seedling and bud stages (the weeds in the mulch are not counted).

[0045] (5) Plot economic yield: After harvesting each plot, the natural air-dried grain is weighed and converted into yield per mu.

[0046] As shown in Figure 3 , the effect of each treatment on the soil temperature of the 0-10 cm soil layer is shown in Figure 3 , the soil temperature of the mulching treatment is significantly higher than that of the non-mulching treatment during the seedling and bud stages of rape, while the temperature difference between the ditching and non-ditching is not large. It shows that mulching can increase the temperature of rape and promote early growth.

[0047] As shown in Figure 4 , the effect of each treatment on the soil temperature of the 0-10 cm soil layer is shown in Figure 4The effects of each treatment on the soil moisture content of 0-20 cm soil layer, the soil moisture content of the mulching treatment was significantly higher than that of the non-mulching treatment at the seedling stage and the bud stage of the rape, and the soil moisture content was not significantly different between the ditching and non-ditching treatments. It is shown that mulching can collect rainwater and conserve soil moisture.

[0048] Table 2 Effects of each treatment on the emergence rate, weed amount and yield of the rape As shown in Table 2, the ditching treatment has a significantly higher emergence rate than the non-ditching treatment, which shows that if it rains after the rape is sown, ditching is beneficial to drainage and avoids the influence of soil waterlogging on the emergence of the rape. Under the condition of ditching, the mulching also significantly promotes the emergence of the rape compared with the non-mulching. Under the condition of non-ditching, the mulching has little influence on the emergence. Because the non-ditching treatment has a low seedling rate at the early stage, a large area of the plot is lack of seedlings, so the weed amount at the seedling stage and the bud stage of the non-ditching treatment is significantly higher than that of the ditching treatment. Under the condition of ditching, the mulching also significantly reduces the weed amount at the seedling stage and the bud stage of the rape compared with the non-mulching, which is not only related to the high seedling rate, but also related to the fact that the mulching film covers the weeds and inhibits the growth of the weeds. Finally, the yield of the non-ditching treatment is significantly lower than that of the ditching treatment due to the lack of seedlings at the seedling stage and the overgrowth of weeds. Under the condition of ditching, the mulching also significantly improves the yield of the rape compared with the non-mulching, which is closely related to the fact that the mulching film improves the soil temperature and the soil moisture content, promotes the seedling rate and reduces the weeds.

[0049] In summary, the planting method provided by the application has beneficial effects on the “flood resistance and seedling protection” and “drought resistance and yield protection” of the rice field rape.

[0050] Comparative Example 2: Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the erythritol and citric acid are not used to modify the kaolin and diatomite, but the erythritol and citric acid are directly used as raw materials in the preparation process of the seed coating agent: The kaolin powder and the diatomite powder are mixed according to a weight ratio of 9:4 to obtain a mixed clay powder; The following raw materials are weighed according to the weight fraction: 2 parts of sodium alginate, 8 parts of pullulan, 1 part of lecithin, 1.5 parts of glycerol, 35 parts of the mixed clay powder, 5 parts of the ternary composite microspheres, 6 parts of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore powder, 6 parts of erythritol and 10 parts of citric acid.

[0051] Deionized water (the amount of deionized water accounts for 65% of the volume of the stirring tank) is added to the stirring tank, heated to 42℃, and then the sodium alginate, the pullulan, the lecithin, the glycerol, the erythritol and the citric acid are sequentially added under the condition of 300 rpm stirring, and stirring for 30 minutes; The speed is increased to 10000 rpm, and the modified composite clay powder is slowly added under high-speed shearing, and the shearing is continuously conducted for 18 minutes; The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 3.

[0052] Comparative Example 3: Compared with Example 3, the difference is that, in the modification of jasmonic acid, jasmonic acid is mixed with chitosan quaternary ammonium salt first, and then modified with the water extract of radix scutellariae and vitamin C: 1 part of jasmonic acid is dissolved in 5 parts of anhydrous ethanol to obtain solution A, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution is added dropwise to solution A under stirring to adsorb, and then sodium tripolyphosphate solution is used for cross-linking and solidification, and after solidification, spray drying is performed to obtain microsphere particles; 5 parts of sodium alginate, 3 parts of gelatin and 9 parts of malt dextrin are dissolved in 160 parts of deionized water at 55°C, and after stirring to complete dissolution, the solution is cooled to room temperature to obtain solution B; 3 parts of the water extract of radix scutellariae and 2 parts of vitamin C are added to solution B, and after stirring, solution C is obtained; The above microsphere particles are dispersed in deionized water, mixed with solution C, stirred at a speed of 10050 rpm for 8 minutes, and then spray dried to obtain ternary composite microspheres.

[0053] The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 3.

[0054] Test Example: The oilseed rape planted in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 is detected for lodging resistance, disease resistance and cold tolerance, and the specific detection results are shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3: Summary of lodging resistance, disease resistance and cold tolerance detection results of oilseed rape As can be seen from Example 3 and Comparative Example 1, if erythritol and citric acid are not used to modify kaolin and diatomite, but are directly added as raw materials in the preparation process of the seed coating agent, the disease resistance and cold tolerance of the oilseed rape are both poor.

[0056] As can be seen from Example 3 and Comparative Example 2, if, in the stepwise modification of jasmonic acid, jasmonic acid is first cross-linked with chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, and then modified with the water extract of radix scutellariae and vitamin C, the lodging resistance of the oilseed rape is poor, and the disease resistance and cold tolerance are also significantly poor.

[0057] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples can be modified, or some technical features can be replaced equivalently; and these modifications or replacements will not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for planting rapeseed in paddy fields to ensure seedling survival against waterlogging and harvest against drought, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: (1) 7-10 days before rice harvesting, the field is drained; (2) after rice harvesting, the straw is crushed and evenly dispersed in the field soil on a sunny day; (3) under the condition that there is no water in the field and the tractor does not get stuck, ploughing and rotary tillage are carried out; (4) ditching operation is carried out to flatten the protrusions on the ground; (5) after flattening, film mulching, fertilization and seed coating are carried out; The coated rape seed is prepared from the rape seed to be sown and a seed coating agent, and the seed coating agent is prepared from 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 5-10 parts of pullulan, 0.5-1.5 parts of lecithin, 1-2 parts of glycerol, 25-40 parts of modified composite clay powder, 3-6 parts of ternary composite microspheres and 3-8 parts of beneficial microbial spore powder; The preparation method of the modified composite clay powder is as follows: 5-8 parts of erythritol and 8-12 parts of citric acid are refluxed at 80-90℃ for 2-3 hours, then the temperature is kept at 60-70℃, 15-22 parts of kaolin powder and 5-10 parts of diatomite powder are added, and the stirring reaction is continued for 2-3 hours, after centrifugation, washing, low-temperature drying and sieving, the modified composite clay powder is obtained; The preparation method of the ternary composite microspheres is as follows: 4-6 parts of sodium alginate, 2-4 parts of gelatin and 8-12 parts of malt dextrin are dissolved in 150-170 parts of deionized water at 50-60℃, and stirred until completely dissolved, then cooled to room temperature to obtain solution A; 2-4 parts of scutellaria baicalensis root water extract and 1.5-2.5 parts of vitamin C are added to solution A, and stirred to obtain solution B, 0.8-1.2 parts of jasmonic acid is dissolved in 4-6 parts of anhydrous ethanol to obtain solution C; Solution C is added dropwise to solution B under high-speed shearing, and after stirring, spray drying is carried out to obtain microsphere particles, which are dispersed in deionized water, and a chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution is added dropwise and stirred for adsorption, then a trisodium phosphate solution is used for cross-linking and solidification, after solidification, washing and low-temperature drying, the ternary composite microspheres are obtained.

2. The rice field oilseed rape waterlogging and drought resistant seedling protection and yield increasing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the coated rape seed is as follows: the rape seed to be sown and the seed coating agent are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:25-1:40, and the coated rape seed is obtained under the action of a coating machine.

3. The rice field oilseed rape waterlogging and drought resistant seedling protection and yield increasing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation process of the seed coating agent is as follows: Deionized water is added to a stirring tank and heated to 40-45℃, 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 5-10 parts of pullulan, 0.5-1.5 parts of lecithin and 1-2 parts of glycerol are added in sequence under stirring at 200-400 rpm, and stirred for 20-40 minutes; The stirring speed is increased to 8000-12000 rpm, and 25-40 parts of modified composite clay powder is slowly added under high-speed shearing, and the shearing is continued for 15-20 minutes; The stirring speed is reduced to 300-500 rpm, 3-6 parts of ternary composite microspheres and 3-8 parts of beneficial microbial spore powder are added in sequence, and the stirring is continued for 8-12 minutes; 0.1-0.5 parts of spirulina phycobiliprotein is added for coloring, and the pH is adjusted to 5.8-6.5 with citric acid, and after adjustment, the seed coating agent is obtained by filtration.

4. The rice field oilseed rape waterlogging and drought resistant seedling protection and yield increasing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the preparation method of the modified composite clay powder, the temperature during low-temperature drying is controlled at 60-70℃; In the preparation method of the ternary composite microspheres, the inlet air temperature of the spray drying is 160-165℃, and the outlet air temperature is 60-70℃.

5. The rice field oilseed rape waterlogging and drought resistant seedling protection and yield increasing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the depth of plowing is ≥25 cm, and the depth of rotary plowing is ≥15 cm; In step (4), the ditch depth is 30 cm, the ditch width is 20 cm, and the planting width is 140 cm; In step (5), after leveling, the film covering, fertilizing and seeding are performed according to the ratio of wide row to narrow row = 50 cm:30 cm.

6. The rice field oilseed rape waterlogging and drought resistant seedling protection and yield increasing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the length of the crushed straw is ≤10 cm, the uneven throwing rate is ≤15%, and the average stubble height is ≤10 cm.

7. The rice field oilseed rape waterlogging and drought resistant seedling protection and yield increasing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the tractor operation is not trapped in the car, i.e. the adult foot sinking depth is ≤2 cm.

8. The rice field oilseed rape waterlogging and drought resistant seedling protection and yield increasing planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (5), the film covering, seeding and fertilizing are simultaneously realized by a double-ridge rape film side seeding machine, the wide row uses 50 cm ordinary white polyethylene film covering, the film and film interval is 30 cm, the seeding is performed on both sides of the film, one ridge is provided with 2 pieces of film, and the film edge and ridge edge interval is 5 cm.

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