A device for crushing and sorting a whole power battery after pyrolysis

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power battery recycling technology, specifically disclosing a power battery pyrolysis post-combustion crushing and sorting device. The device includes a vertically arranged outer shell with a feeding device at the top and a black powder collection hopper at the bottom. The inner cavity of the outer shell, from top to bottom, comprises a crushing chamber, a screening chamber, an air separation chamber, and a high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber. Each of these chambers is equipped with a crushing mechanism, a sieve plate mechanism, a throwing air separation mechanism, and a high-voltage electrostatic separation component. This invention integrates multiple functional modules such as magnetic separation for iron removal, crushing, screening, air separation, and electrostatic separation into a single vertical outer shell, achieving continuous and automated processing of pyrolysis battery materials from feeding to obtaining pure black powder. Furthermore, the unique throwing air separation mechanism and high-voltage electrostatic separation mechanism effectively improve the separation and purification effect of the black powder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power battery recycling technology, and specifically discloses a power battery pyrolysis followed by crushing and sorting device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, a large number of power batteries are entering their retirement period. Their green, efficient, and safe recycling has become a major issue concerning environmental protection and sustainable resource development. Among various recycling processes, pyrolysis recycling technology has shown broad application prospects due to its ability to effectively decompose electrolytes and binders and other organic matter in batteries, as well as its advantages such as good environmental performance and simple subsequent processing.

[0003] The overall pyrolysis process of power batteries typically involves feeding unused power batteries, either in their entirety or in modules, directly into a pyrolysis furnace without disassembly. Pyrolysis is then performed in an inert atmosphere to decompose and volatilize organic matter. The resulting battery residue is then crushed and sorted to recover valuable "black powder" (primarily a mixture of positive and negative electrode active materials). Crushing and sorting are crucial steps in the post-pyrolysis processing, determining the purity and economic efficiency of the recovered black powder. However, current processes and equipment in this stage face technical challenges when dealing with pyrolyzed battery materials due to their complex material characteristics and low sorting efficiency. This is because the composition of the pyrolyzed battery material is extremely complex, containing not only the target product, black powder, but also fragments / particles of torn and broken current collectors (copper foil, aluminum foil), separator fragments, and steel casing fragments. Existing technologies typically employ single methods such as sieving, magnetic separation, or eddy current separation, which are insufficient for the efficient and coordinated removal of multiple impurities.

[0004] Patent application number 202310998966.8 discloses a multi-component sorting system and method for battery crushing and recycling. The system includes a first screening mechanism for pre-screening the material after high-temperature pyrolysis; a medium crusher connected to the first screening mechanism for preliminary crushing of the non-compliant material screened out by the first screening mechanism; a second screening mechanism connected to the medium crusher for screening the material crushed by the medium crusher; a fine crusher connected to the second screening mechanism for fine crushing of the non-compliant material screened out by the second screening mechanism; a third screening mechanism connected to the fine crusher for screening the material crushed by the fine crusher; and a gravity separator for separating the non-compliant material screened out by the third screening mechanism. This disclosed sorting system uses a combination of multi-stage screening and multi-stage crushing for the recycling of pyrolysis materials. However, the entire equipment not only occupies a large area and consumes a lot of energy, but more importantly, it cannot effectively separate materials based on their pyrolysis characteristics, resulting in excessive impurities in the final black powder. Based on this, this application proposes a power battery pyrolysis post-pyrolysis crushing and sorting device with high integration and effective separation based on the material characteristics after battery pyrolysis. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a crushing and sorting device for the overall pyrolysis of power batteries, so as to solve the technical problems and shortcomings of existing devices that have large footprint, high energy consumption, and are unable to effectively separate materials after battery pyrolysis.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device includes a vertically arranged outer shell. A feeding device is provided at the top of the outer shell, and a black powder collection hopper is provided at the bottom. The inner cavity of the outer shell consists of a crushing chamber, a screening chamber, an air separation chamber, and a high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber from top to bottom. The crushing chamber, screening chamber, air separation chamber, and high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber are respectively provided with a crushing mechanism, a sieve plate mechanism, a throwing air separation mechanism, and a high-voltage electrostatic separation component.

[0008] The material throwing air separation mechanism includes an air compressor and a dual-air-channel hollow shaft. The dual-air-channel hollow shaft is provided with an independent air inlet and an air outlet. The lower end of the air inlet is connected to the air compressor through an air supply pipe. The upper end of the air outlet is connected to an air blowing pipe that is positioned towards the material dropping point of the screen plate mechanism through an airflow distributor. A negative pressure suction pipe assembly is connected to the side wall of the air separation chamber opposite the air blowing pipe.

[0009] The hollow shaft with dual air passages is rotatably connected to a pneumatic rotating cylinder, and the hollow shaft with dual air passages located inside the pneumatic rotating cylinder has an air outlet and an air inlet respectively connected to the air inlet and air outlet. The inner wall of the pneumatic rotating cylinder is provided with blades, and the outer wall is provided with a wave-shaped guide closed-loop groove. A double-sided rack that moves up and down is provided on the side of the pneumatic rotating cylinder, and a guide wheel that interacts with the guide closed-loop groove is fixed on the double-sided rack. A rotatably mounted gear is meshed on the side of the double-sided rack, and the gear is connected to a throwing plate that throws the material falling in the screen plate mechanism upward through a wheel axle and a swing arm.

[0010] As a further feature of the above scheme, the sieve plate mechanism includes an inverted V-shaped sieve plate with the middle point of the sieve plate located directly below the crushing mechanism. The sieve plate has sieve holes on the plate surface extending to the left and right sides. The air blow pipe, gear, swing arm and throwing plate are each provided in two sets in a mirror symmetrical manner, and the two gears mesh with the two sides of the double-sided rack respectively.

[0011] As a further provision of the above scheme, the crushing mechanism includes two crushing rollers, and the gap between the two crushing rollers is located directly above the midpoint of the sieve plate. The roller shafts of the two crushing rollers are connected to a power assembly installed outside the outer casing.

[0012] As a further provision of the above scheme, a vibration generating mechanism is provided in the outer shell between the screen plate and the material throwing air separation mechanism. The vibration generating mechanism includes a rotating shaft driven by a power component, a turntable disposed on the rotating shaft, and a center plate fixedly disposed and connected to the screen plate by a first spring. A vibrating rod that moves up and down is connected to the center plate by a second spring. The lower end of the vibrating rod is provided with a guide that cooperates with the drive ring groove on the turntable.

[0013] As a further feature of the above scheme, the driving ring groove is composed of an Archimedean spiral segment with gradually increasing diameter and a radial connecting segment.

[0014] As a further feature of the above scheme, the high-voltage electrostatic sorting component is provided with two sets, left and right, and the two side walls of the outer shell are provided with guide plates to guide the material to the corresponding high-voltage electrostatic sorting component.

[0015] As a further feature of the above scheme, the high-voltage electrostatic sorting assembly includes a high-voltage electrostatic roller driven by a rotary motor and a high-voltage electrostatic plate disposed above and beside the high-voltage electrostatic roller. The high-voltage electrostatic sorting chamber is also provided with a shovel plate that shovels off the black powder adsorbed by the high-voltage electrostatic roller and lets it fall into the black powder collection hopper.

[0016] As a further provision of the above scheme, a metal scrap receiving trough is provided directly below the two high-voltage electrostatic rollers, and the lower end of the metal scrap receiving trough is connected to a metal scrap discharge conveying device with one end extending out of the outer casing.

[0017] As a further provision of the above scheme, the feeding device includes a feeding channel connected to the crushing chamber, a magnetic conveyor belt is provided inside the feeding channel, and an inlet is opened on the upper surface of the feeding channel on the side away from the crushing chamber.

[0018] As a further provision of the above scheme, the lower end of the sieve plate extends out of the side of the outer casing, and the side of the outer casing is provided with an outlet side box for discharging unscreened material.

[0019] The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device disclosed in this invention integrates four major steps: feeding and pre-iron removal, crushing and sieving, scattering and air separation, and high-voltage electrostatic fine separation.

[0020] During the feeding and pre-iron removal stage, the coarse battery material after preliminary crushing and pyrolysis is fed into the feed inlet of the feeding device and falls onto the magnetic conveyor belt. Then, during the horizontal conveying to the crushing chamber, the magnetic conveyor belt can effectively adsorb and remove ferrous magnetic impurities (such as battery shell fragments) mixed in the material, completing the first step of impurity separation.

[0021] During the crushing and screening stage, the coarse crushed material falls into the crushing chamber between a pair of synchronously rotating counter-rotating crushing rollers, where it is squeezed and sheared for secondary crushing. The crushed material falls directly onto the inverted V-shaped screen plate directly below. Black powder and fine metal particles that meet the particle size requirements, along with the current collector, fall through the screen holes, while larger metal flakes / blocks that are not completely crushed slide down the inclined surface of the screen plate and are discharged from the side outlet boxes on both sides, thus achieving the initial separation of coarse and fine materials. At the same time, the screen plate can continuously vibrate at high frequency through the vibration generation mechanism to achieve efficient screening and effectively prevent clogging.

[0022] During the scattering and air classification stage, the airflow generated by the air compressor is ejected through the inlet of the double-channel hollow shaft, driving the blades inside the pneumatic rotary drum to rotate. The airflow is then delivered through the outlet to the air blowpipes on both sides above, blowing downwards. Simultaneously, the wave-shaped guide closed-loop groove on the outer wall of the pneumatic rotary drum, through guide wheels, double-sided racks, and gear sets, converts the rotational motion of the drum into the reciprocating up-and-down oscillation of the throwing plate. The falling material is first air-classified by the airflow from the air blowpipes, then falls onto the oscillating throwing plate and is evenly thrown up and dispersed, forming a "material curtain." During the throwing process, the airflow from the air blowpipes performs a second, more thorough air classification. Lighter impurities such as diaphragms and plastics are blown to the side by the airflow and captured and removed by the negative pressure suction pipe assembly; while heavier black powder and metal fragments overcome the airflow's influence and continue to fall into the high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber. This process, through "secondary scattering, increases the contact area and time between the material and the airflow," achieving efficient removal of light impurities.

[0023] In the high-voltage electrostatic fine separation stage, the falling black powder and metal mixture slides along the guide plate towards the high-voltage electrostatic separation component. First, it passes through the high-voltage electrostatic plate area, where all materials are charged with static electricity. Then, the material falls onto the rotating high-voltage electrostatic roller. During this process, highly conductive metal debris quickly loses its charge and is thrown off the roller surface due to centrifugal force and gravity, falling into the metal debris receiving trough and being conveyed out of the system. Meanwhile, the poorly conductive black powder retains its charge for a longer period and is adsorbed onto the surface of the high-voltage electrostatic roller. Finally, as the high-voltage electrostatic roller rotates, it is scraped off by the shovel plate below and falls into the black powder collection hopper, completing the final black powder purification.

[0024] This invention efficiently and continuously separates pyrolytic black powder from various impurities such as iron, aluminum, copper, and diaphragms within a vertical integrated device through a series of interconnected processes including magnetic separation, crushing, screening, pneumatic spraying and air separation, ultimately obtaining a high-purity black powder product.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention features a high degree of integration and process standardization. By integrating multiple functional modules such as magnetic separation for iron removal, crushing, screening, air separation, and electrostatic separation into a vertical housing, it achieves continuous and automated processing of battery materials after pyrolysis from feeding to obtaining pure black powder, significantly reducing the equipment footprint and energy consumption and losses caused by material transportation.

[0027] This invention boasts superior sorting efficiency and effectiveness. Firstly, its unique throwing and air-separation mechanism utilizes the same air source to simultaneously achieve pneumatically driven throwing and directional airflow separation. This allows the material to be fully dispersed and come into contact with the airflow during the repeated throwing and scattering by the throwing plate, achieving efficient and multiple separations of lightweight impurities (such as diaphragms) from heavier black powder / metal. The sorting effect is far superior to single-pass air separation. Furthermore, the core power source of the throwing and air-separation mechanism is compressed air; through a "dual-purpose airflow" design, the energy driving the mechanical motion and the energy required for air separation are combined, reducing overall energy consumption. Secondly, high-voltage electrostatic separation is applied to the separation of black powder and metal debris (such as copper and aluminum). Utilizing the significant difference in conductivity between the two, small amounts of mixed metal are precisely removed from the black powder, solving the problem of poor separation effect of traditional eddy current separation on fine, flaky metals, and effectively improving the separation and purification effect of black powder.

[0028] This invention further considers the characteristics of the pyrolysis material (such as possible coking and adhesion), and equips the screen plate with a special vibration generating mechanism to effectively prevent screen hole clogging and ensure screening efficiency; the entire system operates in a sealed shell, combined with negative pressure suction, which effectively controls dust, improves the working environment, and ensures production safety. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention from a first angle;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second-angle three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure inside the outer shell of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the interior of the outer shell in this invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the material throwing and air separation mechanism in this invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the strip plate, double-sided rack, gear, and ejector plate in this invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional assembly structure of the material throwing and air separation mechanism in this invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional schematic diagram of the pneumatic rotating cylinder and the hollow shaft with dual air passages in this invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the first angle three-dimensional structure of the sieve plate, center plate, rotating shaft, etc. in this invention;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the second-angle three-dimensional structure of the sieve plate, center plate, and rotating shaft in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The following will refer to the appendix... Figures 1-10 This application will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] Example 1 discloses a device for crushing and sorting power batteries after overall pyrolysis, as shown in the attached figure. Figures 1-4 The main body of the crushing and sorting device includes a frame 1, in which a vertically arranged outer shell 2 is fixedly installed. The inner cavity of the outer shell 2 consists of a crushing chamber 21, a screening chamber 22, an air separation chamber 23, and a high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber 24, arranged from top to bottom. A feeding device 3 connected to the upper end of the crushing chamber 21 is provided on one side of the top of the outer shell 2, and a black powder collection hopper 4 is connected to the bottom of the outer shell 2. A black powder discharge conveying device 40 is connected to the lower end of the black powder collection hopper 4.

[0044] In the specific design, the feeding device 3 includes a feeding channel 301 connected to the top side of the crushing chamber 21. A magnetic conveyor belt 302 extending into the crushing chamber 21 is installed inside the feeding channel 301, and an inlet 303 is opened on the upper surface of the feeding channel 301 on the side away from the crushing chamber 21. The black powder discharge conveying device 40 can specifically be an auger conveyor, one end of which is connected to the lower end of the black powder collection hopper 4, and the lower surface of the other end is provided with a discharge port.

[0045] A pair of crushing rollers 5 are provided in the crushing chamber 21. The outer ends of the roller shafts of the crushing rollers 5 extending out of the crushing chamber 21 are connected to a power assembly 6 located on the front side of the outer casing 2. The power assembly 6 includes a gearbox and a power motor. Each of the roller shafts of the two crushing rollers 5 extending into the gearbox is provided with a power gear. The two power gears mesh with each other and connect the motor shaft of the power motor to one of the power gears. Thus, through the meshing transmission between the power motor and the gear pair, the two crushing rollers 5 can be made to rotate synchronously in opposite directions.

[0046] A screen plate 7 in the inverted "V" shape is provided in the screening chamber 22, and the midpoint of the screen plate 7 is located directly below the gap between the two crushing rollers 5. A large number of screen holes 701 are opened on the plate surface extending to the left and right sides of the screen plate 7. At the same time, both ends of the screen plate 7 extend out of the left and right sides of the outer shell 2. Then, discharge side boxes 8 are provided on the left and right sides of the outer shell 2 for discharging large particles of broken material that have not passed the screen.

[0047] Reference Appendix Figures 4-8The air separation chamber 23 is equipped with a material throwing air separation mechanism 9, which includes a strip plate 901 fixed longitudinally in the air separation chamber 23 and an air compressor 902 disposed outside the outer casing 2. A disc base 903 is fixed at the center of the upper surface of the strip plate 901. A pneumatic cylinder 904 is rotatably connected to the periphery of the disc base 903 through a sealed bearing 9031. Multiple blades 9041 are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the pneumatic cylinder 904, and a wave-shaped guide closed-loop groove 9042 is formed on the outer circumference of the pneumatic cylinder 904. A double-channel hollow shaft 905 extending downward from the strip plate 901 and upward from the pneumatic cylinder 904 is fixed at the center of the disc base 903, and the position where the double-channel hollow shaft 905 extends out of the pneumatic cylinder 904 is also rotatably connected to it through a sealed bearing. The dual-channel hollow shaft 905 has an inlet 9051 with an opening at the lower end and an outlet 9052 with an opening at the upper end. An outlet 9053 and an inlet 9054 are respectively provided on the dual-channel hollow shaft 905 located inside the pneumatic rotating cylinder 904. An air compressor 902 is connected to an air supply pipe 906 extending below the strip plate 901, and the end of the air supply pipe 906 is connected to the lower end of the dual-channel hollow shaft 905 (i.e., connected to the inlet 9051). An airflow distributor 907 is connected to the top of the dual-channel hollow shaft 905 extending out of the pneumatic rotating cylinder 904. Two symmetrically arranged air blowpipes 908 are connected to the airflow distributor 907, and each air blowpipe 908 has a row of air outlets 9081 facing directly below the corresponding sieve holes 701 on the sieve plate 7.

[0048] A U-shaped frame 909, which encloses a pneumatic rotating cylinder 904, is fixed to the upper surface of the strip plate 901. Vertical sliding openings 9091 are provided on both the front and rear sides of the U-shaped frame 909. A double-sided rack 910, capable of vertical movement, is slidably installed in each vertical sliding opening 9091. Guide wheels 911, which interact with guide closed-loop grooves 9042 on the outer circumference of the pneumatic rotating cylinder 904, are provided at the center of the opposite sides of each double-sided rack 910. Gears 912 are rotatably mounted on the left and right sides of each double-sided rack 910 via axles, and the two gears 912 mesh with the sides of the double-sided rack 910 respectively. A downwardly inclined swing arm 913 is fixed to the axle of each gear 912, and a throwing plate 914, located directly below one side of the screen plate 7, is fixedly installed between the two aligned swing arms 913. When the pneumatic rotary drum 904 rotates, the two double-sided racks 910 can move up and down synchronously through the action between the guide wheel 911 and the guide closed-loop groove 9042. Then, through the meshing transmission between the double-sided racks 910 and the gear 912, the throwing plate 914 can swing up and down, thereby throwing the screened crushed material falling on the throwing plate 914 upward.

[0049] In addition, the throwing and air separation mechanism 9 also includes a negative pressure suction pipe 915. The negative pressure suction pipe 915 is provided with two suction branches 916 located on both sides of the outer shell 2. Suction ports are opened on the left and right sides of the outer shell 2 between the throwing plate 914 and the sieve plate 7, and the two suction branches 916 are connected to the corresponding suction ports, so that during the upward throwing and air separation of the screened fragments, the light impurities (such as diaphragm fragments, plastics, etc.) are drawn into it to achieve separation from the black powder.

[0050] Reference Appendix Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 The high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber 24 has downwardly inclined guide plates 10 on both its left and right side walls, and a high-voltage electrostatic separation assembly 11 is provided at the downward inclined end of each guide plate 10. Specifically, the high-voltage electrostatic separation assembly 11 includes a high-voltage electrostatic roller 111 located at the downward inclined end of the guide plate 10, and the roller shaft of each high-voltage electrostatic roller 111 is connected to a rotary motor 112 mounted on the outer surface of the outer casing 2. A high-voltage electrostatic plate 113 is provided above the downward inclined end of each guide plate 10. The high-voltage electrostatic plate 113 causes the sliding material to become electrostatically charged before falling onto the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111, where the conductivity of the material separates the metal debris from the black powder. Furthermore, a scraper plate 114 is fixedly provided directly below each guide plate 10, adhering to the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111. The scraper plate 114 scrapes off the black powder adsorbed on the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111, which then falls into the black powder collection hopper 4.

[0051] Finally, a metal scrap receiving trough 12 is provided directly below the two high-voltage electrostatic rollers 111. The lower end of the metal scrap receiving trough 12 is connected to a metal scrap discharge conveying device 13 that extends out of the outer shell 2. The metal scrap discharge conveying device 13 preferably uses a screw conveyor, which can discharge the sorted metal scrap in a timely manner and achieve complete separation from the black powder.

[0052] The specific operation process and principle of the power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device disclosed in Embodiment 1 are as follows:

[0053] First, after initial crushing, the power battery is fed into the feed port 303 and falls onto the magnetic conveyor belt 302. When the magnetic conveyor belt 302 sends the coarse crushed material to the top of the two crushing rollers 5, it can also adsorb and remove iron impurities in the coarse crushed material.

[0054] When the coarse crushed material falls between the two crushing rollers 5, the two crushing rollers 5 move synchronously in opposite directions under the action of the power component 6, thereby further crushing the coarse crushed material into smaller pieces, which then fall into the center of the screen plate 7. The secondary crushed material falling onto the screen plate 7 will slide down to the left and right sides, and when it passes through the screen hole 701 area, the small particles will pass through the screen and fall, while most of the unscreened material is some metal fragments, which will eventually fall into the discharge side box 8 and be discharged.

[0055] During operation, the air compressor 902 continuously provides high-pressure airflow to the material throwing air separation mechanism 9. The high-pressure airflow first enters the air inlet 9051 of the double air channel hollow shaft 905 from the bottom, and then exits from the air outlet 9053 and acts on the blades 9041 on the inner wall of the pneumatic rotating drum 904, thereby driving the pneumatic rotating drum 904 to rotate around the double air channel hollow shaft 905. Then, the airflow inside the pneumatic rotating drum 904 enters the air outlet 9052 of the double air channel hollow shaft 905 through the air inlet 9054, and then exits from the top of the double air channel hollow shaft 905 and is evenly distributed into the air blowing pipes 908 on both sides by the airflow distributor 907, and finally exits from the air blowing pipes 908. During the rotation of the pneumatic rotary drum 904, the interaction between the guide closed-loop groove 9042 and the guide wheel 911 causes the double-sided racks 910 on both sides to move up and down synchronously. The meshing transmission between the double-sided racks 910 and the gear 912 then enables the throwing plate 914 to swing up and down. At this time, the sieved granular material is first blown by the airflow discharged from the air blow pipe 908 during its fall, achieving the separation of light impurities from black powder. Then, the black powder falls back onto the throwing plate 914 and is thrown up again, and is blown by the airflow discharged from the air blow pipe 908 again, achieving secondary air separation of light impurities in the black powder. Finally, the light impurities are sucked away by the negative pressure suction pipe 915, while the black powder and its metal fragments fall into the high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber 24.

[0056] As the black powder and its metal debris slide down the guide plate 10 to the high-voltage electrostatic separation component 11, the high-voltage electrostatic plate 113 charges both the black powder and the metal debris. Then, they fall onto the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111. At this point, because the metal debris has good conductivity, it can quickly transfer the charge back to neutral, thus preventing it from being attracted by the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111. Under the rotation of the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111, it falls into the metal debris receiving trough 12. However, the black powder has poor conductivity, and the charge cannot be transferred in time, causing it to be attracted by the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111. Then, as the high-voltage electrostatic roller 111 rotates to the position of the shovel plate 114, it is finally shoveled off by the shovel plate 114 and collected in the black powder collection hopper 4, thus achieving effective separation of the black powder from all impurities.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] Example 2 discloses a power battery pyrolysis and pulverization sorting device that is further optimized based on the technical solution in Example 1. The similarities between it and Example 1 will not be described again.

[0059] Reference Appendix Figure 1 Appendix Figure 9 and attached Figure 10 In this embodiment 2, a center plate 14 is fixed to the outer shell 2 between the sieve plate 7 and the material throwing air separation mechanism 9. The center plate 14 and the middle part of the sieve plate 7 are aligned vertically, and a first spring 15 is connected between them. The sieve plate 7 can be relatively movable through the connection of the first spring 15.

[0060] A rotating shaft 16 is rotatably mounted below the center plate 14, with one end extending out of the outer casing 2 and connected to the power assembly 6 via a chain or synchronous belt 17. Multiple turntables 18 are spaced apart along the axis of the rotating shaft 16. Multiple vertically movable vibrating rods 20 are connected to the center plate 14 via second springs 19, with each vibrating rod 20 corresponding to one of the turntables 18. A drive ring groove 181 is formed on each turntable 18, consisting of an Archimedean spiral section with gradually increasing diameter and a radial connecting section. A guide member interacting with the drive ring groove 181 is provided at the lower end of each vibrating rod 20.

[0061] In this embodiment 2, through the above structural design, when the power component 6 drives the crushing roller 5 to rotate, the rotating shaft 16 will rotate through the transmission action of the synchronous belt 17. Under the action of the rotating shaft 16, multiple turntables 18 will rotate synchronously. At this time, the vibration rod 20 will be pulled downward by the Archimedes spiral section through the action between the guide at the lower end and the Archimedes spiral section, so that the second spring 19 will accumulate power. Then, when the guide interacts with the radial connecting section, the vibration rod 20 will move upward rapidly under the action of the second spring 19 and hit the lower surface of the screen plate 7, so that the screen plate 7 can generate continuous high-frequency vibration, so that the crushed material falling into the screen plate can be quickly screened and separated.

[0062] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for pulverizing and sorting power batteries after overall pyrolysis, comprising a vertically arranged outer shell, a feeding device at the top of the outer shell, and a black powder collection hopper at the bottom, characterized in that... The inner cavity of the outer shell consists of a crushing chamber, a sieving chamber, an air separation chamber, and a high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber, from top to bottom. The crushing chamber, sieving chamber, air separation chamber, and high-voltage electrostatic separation chamber are respectively equipped with a crushing mechanism, a sieve plate mechanism, a material throwing air separation mechanism, and a high-voltage electrostatic separation component. The material throwing air separation mechanism includes an air compressor and a dual-air-channel hollow shaft. The dual-air-channel hollow shaft is provided with an independent air inlet and an air outlet. The lower end of the air inlet is connected to the air compressor through an air supply pipe. The upper end of the air outlet is connected to an air blowing pipe that is positioned towards the material dropping point of the screen plate mechanism through an airflow distributor. A negative pressure suction pipe assembly is connected to the side wall of the air separation chamber opposite the air blowing pipe. The hollow shaft with dual air passages is rotatably connected to a pneumatic rotating cylinder, and the hollow shaft with dual air passages located inside the pneumatic rotating cylinder has an air outlet and an air inlet respectively connected to the air inlet and air outlet. The inner wall of the pneumatic rotating cylinder is provided with blades, and the outer wall is provided with a wave-shaped guide closed-loop groove. A double-sided rack that moves up and down is provided on the side of the pneumatic rotating cylinder, and a guide wheel that interacts with the guide closed-loop groove is fixed on the double-sided rack. A rotatably mounted gear is meshed on the side of the double-sided rack, and the gear is connected to a throwing plate that throws the material falling in the screen plate mechanism upward through a wheel axle and a swing arm.

2. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sieve plate mechanism includes an inverted V-shaped sieve plate with the center point of the sieve plate located directly below the crushing mechanism. The sieve plate has sieve holes on the plate surface extending to the left and right sides. The air blow pipe, gear, swing arm and throwing plate are arranged in two sets in a mirror symmetrical manner, and the two gears mesh with the two sides of the double-sided rack respectively.

3. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The crushing mechanism includes two crushing rollers, and the gap between the two crushing rollers is located directly above the midpoint of the sieve plate. The roller shafts of the two crushing rollers are connected to a power assembly installed outside the outer casing.

4. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 3, characterized in that, A vibration generating mechanism is provided in the outer shell between the screen plate and the material throwing air separation mechanism. The vibration generating mechanism includes a rotating shaft driven by a power component, a turntable set on the rotating shaft, and a center plate fixedly set and connected to the screen plate by a first spring. A vibrating rod that moves up and down is connected to the center plate by a second spring. The lower end of the vibrating rod is provided with a guide that cooperates with the drive ring groove on the turntable.

5. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drive ring groove is composed of an Archimedean spiral segment with gradually increasing diameter and a radial connecting segment.

6. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-voltage electrostatic sorting component is provided in two sets, left and right, and the two side walls of the outer shell are provided with guide plates to guide the material to the corresponding high-voltage electrostatic sorting component.

7. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The high-voltage electrostatic sorting assembly includes a high-voltage electrostatic roller driven by a rotary motor and a high-voltage electrostatic plate disposed above and beside the high-voltage electrostatic roller. The high-voltage electrostatic sorting chamber is also provided with a shovel plate that shovels off the black powder adsorbed by the high-voltage electrostatic roller and lets it fall into the black powder collection hopper.

8. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A metal scrap receiving trough is located directly below the two high-voltage electrostatic rollers, and the lower end of the metal scrap receiving trough is connected to a metal scrap discharge conveying device with one end extending out of the outer casing.

9. The power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding device includes a feeding channel connected to the crushing chamber. A magnetic conveyor belt is installed inside the feeding channel, and an inlet is opened on the upper surface of the feeding channel on the side away from the crushing chamber.

10. A power battery pyrolysis and subsequent crushing and sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the sieve plate extends out of the side of the outer casing, and the side of the outer casing is provided with an outlet side box for discharging unscreened material.

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