Mine multi-point material distribution system based on distributed rail train and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mine multi-point material distribution system based on a distributed rail train, and relates to the technical field of mine transportation, the mine multi-point material distribution system comprises a loading system, a main transportation rail system and a material distribution system, the main transportation rail system comprises a distributed driving rail and a transportation train located on the distributed driving rail, the distributed driving track comprises a turnover unloading track, the turnover unloading track corresponds to a material distribution pit, the loading system is matched with the main transportation track system, so that the loading system loads solid waste to the transportation train, the material distribution system corresponds to the material distribution pit, and when the transportation train passes through the turnover unloading track, the material distribution pit is arranged on the turnover unloading track. The transportation train dumps the conveyed solid waste materials to the material distribution system, the material distribution system distributes the solid waste materials in the material distribution pit, and the mine solid waste backfilling efficiency can be greatly improved through the mine solid waste backfilling system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining transportation technology, specifically a multi-point material placement system and control method for mines based on distributed rail trains. Background Technology

[0002] In the mining transportation system, there is a material placement operation in the spoil heap and other stockpiles. This refers to the process of placing solid waste materials such as waste soil, waste rock or tailings into a designated stockpile area. At present, under the existing conditions of the mine, it is common to use a system composed of belt conveyors and material placement machines for material placement operations, but there are some defects. Belt conveyor systems typically require two or more belt conveyors to be laid along the entire length of the yard. They consume a large amount of belt, have high initial equipment investment, require frequent maintenance, and have relatively short belt life. They also have certain requirements for the slope of the transport route and are relatively expensive to set up. Other transportation methods, such as traditional railcars, while having high energy efficiency, have high unloading time costs, large track area requirements, and strict requirements on slope, and cannot fully meet the needs of efficient multi-point material distribution systems in mines. Therefore, it is necessary to address this current problem. Existing distributed drive railcars are a new type of railcar drive method. For example, the distributed drive type mining rail transport system and method disclosed in authorization announcement number CN115743187B can use distributed drive stations and circular tilting rails to realize bulk material transport and unloading. It is superior to traditional railcars in terms of transport efficiency and can achieve smooth and continuous operation of trains on complex tracks. However, the above system has a discharge area below the annular tilting rail, so the discharge is always at one point, which causes the accumulation of loose material. Afterwards, manual material placement is required, resulting in low overall efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-point material distribution system and control method for mines that improves the efficiency of mine solid waste backfilling.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above objectives is: a multi-point material distribution system for mines based on distributed rail trains, including a loading system, a main transport rail system, and a material distribution system. The main transport rail system includes a distributed drive rail and a transport train located on the distributed drive rail. The distributed drive rail includes a tipping unloading rail, which corresponds to a material distribution pit. The loading system cooperates with the main transport rail system so that the loading system loads solid waste into the transport train. The material distribution system corresponds to the material distribution pit. When the transport train passes the tipping unloading rail, the transport train dumps the transported solid waste into the material distribution system, and the material distribution system distributes the solid waste in the material distribution pit.

[0005] In the above technical solution, the specific structure of the fabric system is as follows: The fabric distribution system includes a system frame, a material collection mechanism, a material spreading mechanism, a material unloading mechanism, and a fabric distribution mechanism. The material collection mechanism is provided on the system frame and corresponds to the tipping unloading track. The solid waste dumped by the transport train is stored in the material collection mechanism. The system frame is equipped with a material spreading mechanism located at the bottom of the material collecting mechanism. The material spreading mechanism can transport the solid waste material in the material collecting mechanism, and the transported solid waste material is in strip shape. The system frame is equipped with a material spreading mechanism located on one side of the bottom of the material spreading mechanism, and a material feeding mechanism is located on one side of the system frame located on the side of the material spreading mechanism. The material feeding mechanism can feed the solid waste output by the material spreading mechanism to the material spreading mechanism, and the material spreading mechanism distributes the solid waste in the material spreading pit.

[0006] In the above technical solution, the loading system adopts the following structure: The feeding system includes a conveyor belt mechanism and a crushing and feeding mechanism corresponding to the conveyor belt mechanism; The crushing and feeding mechanism includes a feeding box and two sets of crushing rollers inside the feeding box. Each set of crushing rollers is fixedly connected to a transmission gear, and the two sets of transmission gears are meshed together. A first driving device is fixedly connected to the feeding box, and the first driving device is poweredly connected to the crushing rollers. The bottom of the feeding box is provided with a feeding port, and the feeding box is provided with a material valve in conjunction with the feeding port; The bottom of the feeding box is provided with a feeding port, and the feeding box is provided with a material valve in conjunction with the feeding port; A laser sensor is fixedly connected to the feeding box, and a mass sensor is fixedly connected inside the carriage of the transport train. The mass sensor, the laser sensor, and the material valve are connected to the central control and dispatching system.

[0007] In one embodiment, the material collection mechanism has the following structure: The material collection mechanism includes a material collection box and a discharge valve. The material collection box is fixedly connected to the system frame. The top surface of the material collection box is provided with a feed inlet, which corresponds to the tilting unloading track. The bottom of the material collection box is provided with a discharge outlet. The material collection box is provided with a discharge valve that cooperates with the discharge outlet. The discharge valve is used to control the opening and closing of the discharge outlet. The material spreading mechanism cooperates with the discharge outlet.

[0008] In one embodiment, the material spreading mechanism has the following structure: The material spreading mechanism includes a driving roller, a driven roller, a conveyor belt, a support platform, a left baffle, and a right baffle. The support platform is fixedly connected to the system frame. The driving roller is rotatably connected to one end of the support platform, and the driven roller is rotatably connected to the other end of the support platform. The conveyor belt is provided between the driving roller and the driven roller. The top surface of the support platform abuts against the conveyor belt. The left baffle is fixedly connected to one end of the system frame near the conveyor belt, and the discharge port is near the left baffle. The right baffle is fixedly connected to the other end of the system frame near the conveyor belt. The bottom surfaces of the left baffle and the right baffle abut against the top surface of the conveyor belt. The active roller is powered by a second drive device.

[0009] In one embodiment, the fabric-making mechanism has the following structure: The fabric-laying mechanism includes a linear motion module, a fabric-laying box, and a fabric-laying valve. The linear motion module is fixedly connected to the system frame. The linear motion module includes a motion table capable of linear motion. The fabric-laying box is fixedly connected to the motion table. The top of the fabric-laying box has a box opening, and the bottom of the fabric-laying box has a fabric-laying opening. The fabric-laying valve is provided on the fabric-laying box in conjunction with the fabric-laying opening. The fabric-laying valve is used to control the opening and closing of the fabric-laying opening.

[0010] In one embodiment, the feeding mechanism has the following structure: The feeding mechanism includes a pusher plate and a drive cylinder. Two sets of pusher plates are provided on the system frame between the left baffle and the right baffle. The two sets of pusher plates are respectively located on the front and rear sides of the conveyor belt. A connecting frame is fixedly connected between the two sets of pusher plates. The drive cylinder is fixedly connected on the system frame. The piston end of the drive cylinder is fixedly connected to one set of pusher plates. A vision sensor is fixedly connected to the fabric box. The vision sensor, the feeding valve, the second drive device, the fabric valve, the linear motion module, and the drive cylinder are all connected to the central control and scheduling system.

[0011] In one embodiment, the specific structure of the feeding valve is as follows: The feeding valve includes a feeding plate, a guide column, and a first lead screw. The guide column is fixedly connected to one side of the feeding port on the system frame. The feeding plate is slidably connected to the guide column. The first lead screw is threadedly connected to the feeding plate. One end of the first lead screw is fixedly connected to a first input shaft, a first worm gear is fixedly connected to the first input shaft, a first worm is rotatably connected to the system frame, the first worm meshes with the first worm gear, and a first drive gear is fixedly connected to the first worm. Furthermore, a first drive rack is fixedly connected to the fabric box corresponding to the first drive gear. When the fabric box is close to the spreading mechanism, the feeding plate closes the feeding port. When the fabric box is away from the spreading mechanism, the first drive rack drives the first drive gear, and the feeding plate opens the feeding port. In one embodiment, the fabric valve has the following specific structure: The fabric valve includes a fabric plate, a second worm wheel, and a second worm. The fabric plate is rotatably connected to one side of the fabric opening on the fabric box via a rotating shaft. The second worm wheel is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. The second worm is rotatably connected to the fabric box. The second worm meshes with the second worm wheel. A second drive gear is fixedly connected to the second worm. At this time, a second drive rack is fixedly connected to the system frame corresponding to the second drive gear. When the fabric box is close to the material spreading mechanism, the fabric plate closes the fabric opening. When the fabric box is away from the material spreading mechanism, the second drive rack drives the second drive gear, and the fabric plate opens the fabric opening.

[0012] In one embodiment, the linear motion module has the following structure: The linear motion module includes a reciprocating lead screw and a guide rail. The guide rail is fixedly connected to the system frame, the motion table is slidably connected to the guide rail, and the reciprocating lead screw is threadedly connected to the motion table. One end of the reciprocating lead screw is fixedly connected to a second input shaft, and the second input shaft is poweredly connected to the second drive device. The second input shaft is powered to the active roller via a transmission assembly. The second drive device drives the reciprocating screw to rotate, so that when the fabric box performs one reciprocating motion, the conveyor belt lays out solid waste.

[0013] A control method is provided for a multi-point material placement system in a mine based on a distributed rail train, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Loading stage. The transport train arrives at the designated loading position under the delivery of the distributed drive track. The laser sensor of the loading system detects the arrival of the train. The central control and dispatch system instructs the first drive device of the crushing and loading mechanism to start and crush the solid waste. At the same time, the material valve is opened and the crushed material falls into the carriage of the transport train. The mass sensor in the carriage monitors the load in real time. After the preset value is reached, the central control and dispatch system instructs the material valve and the first drive device to be closed, and the loading is completed. Step 2: Unloading stage. The fully loaded transport train drives towards the material placement pit under the drive of the main transport track system. When the train enters the tipping unloading track section, the carriage tilts 180° and dumps all the solid waste inside into the material collection box of the material placement system directly below. Step 3: In the material laying stage, the transport train unloads solid waste into the collection box, the feeding valve opens, the material laying mechanism works, the solid waste in the collection box falls and is laid in strips on the material laying mechanism, the feeding mechanism pushes the solid waste laid by the material laying mechanism to the material laying mechanism, the material laying mechanism moves in a straight line, and the material laying valve opens, so that the solid waste is laid in the material laying pit. Finally, the material laying mechanism returns to its original position to carry out the next material laying. The material laying image is transmitted to the central control and dispatch system through a visual sensor. The central control and dispatch system can remotely control the opening and closing of the feeding valve, the laying work of the material laying mechanism, the feeding work of the feeding mechanism, and the material laying work of the material laying mechanism. Step 4: Return to center stage. After unloading, the transport train continues to be transported by the distributed drive track. After flipping and returning to center, it returns to the loading position empty.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. By combining the receiving mode of the overturning unloading track and the material placement system, the transport train only needs to unload solid waste into the material placement system through the overturning unloading track, without the need for precise positioning and stopping. Then the material placement system completes the placement of solid waste in the placement pit. This can reduce the subsequent solid waste placement operation and greatly improve the efficiency of mine solid waste backfilling. 2. During the material placement operation, the material outlet is opened by the material discharge valve, allowing the solid waste in the collection box to fall. At the same time, the material spreading mechanism works, conveying the falling solid waste into uniform strips. Then, the material discharge mechanism pushes the strips of solid waste to the material spreading mechanism, which moves in a straight line and opens the material spreading valve. This allows the solid waste to be evenly and flatly spread in the material spreading pit. Thus, the entire process of the material placement system, from receiving solid waste to finally spreading it into the pit, can automatically complete a complete material placement cycle without human intervention. This greatly reduces the dependence on operators, lowers labor intensity, and enables continuous and stable automated operation, significantly improving the modernization level and operating time of the entire solid waste disposal system. 3. The material distribution box is driven by a linear motion module to reciprocate. The power of this module is linked with the active roller of the material spreading mechanism through a transmission component. This ensures that the conveyor belt outputs a fixed amount of solid waste with each reciprocating motion of the material distribution box. At the same time, when the material distribution box returns to approach the material spreading mechanism, the discharge valve automatically closes to stop spreading. When the material distribution box moves away from the material spreading mechanism, the discharge valve automatically opens to spread the material synchronously. Furthermore, when the material distribution box moves away from the material spreading mechanism, the spreading valve automatically opens to spread the material. It automatically closes when returning to meet the load-bearing capacity of solid waste. This structure reduces the need for additional sensors or electronic control commands. It is purely mechanically linked, highly reliable, and has a precise response. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing and feeding mechanism in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fabric system in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fabric-laying system in this invention during the fabric-laying process; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure on the system rack in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation structure between the material spreading mechanism and the material collecting mechanism in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism in this invention during the feeding process; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fabric-making mechanism in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fabric-laying mechanism in this invention during the fabric-laying process; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Detailed structural diagram of part a; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding valve in this invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the power transmission structure of the second driving device in this invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 100 Loading system, 101 Conveyor belt mechanism, 102 Crushing and loading mechanism, 1021 Feed box, 1022 First drive device, 1023 Material valve, 1024 Crushing roller; 200 Main transport rail system, 201 Distributed drive rail, 2011 Tilting and unloading rail, 202 Transport train; 300 fabric system; 301 system rack; 302 Collection mechanism, 3021 Collection box, 3022 Inlet, 3023 Outlet; 303 Material spreading mechanism, 3031 driving roller, 3032 driven roller, 3033 conveyor belt, 3034 bearing platform, 3035 left baffle, 3036 right baffle, 3037 second drive device; 304 feeding mechanism, 3041 pusher plate, 3042 drive cylinder, 3043 connecting frame; 305 Clothing mechanism, 3051 Linear motion module, 30511 Motion table, 30512 Reciprocating screw, 30513 Second input shaft, 30514 Synchronous belt assembly, 3052 Clothing box, 30521 Clothing inlet; 306 Discharge valve, 3061 Guide post, 3062 First lead screw, 3063 First input shaft, 3064 First worm gear, 3065 First worm, 3066 First drive gear, 3067 First drive rack, 3068 Discharge plate; 307 Fabric valve, 3071 Fabric plate, 3072 Second worm gear, 3073 Second worm, 3074 Second drive gear, 3075 Second drive rack; 308 transmission components. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0018] Please see Figures 1-7 This invention provides a multi-point material placement system 300 for mines based on distributed rail trains. The system mainly comprises three parts: a loading system 100, a main transport rail system 200, and a material placement system 300. The main transport rail system 200 includes a distributed drive rail 201 and transport trains 202 running on it. At the location of the material placement pit requiring backfilling, the distributed drive rail 201 is equipped with a tilting unloading rail 2011 section. The overall workflow is as follows: the loading system 100 pre-processes the solid waste generated during mining and loads it into the transport train 202; after loading, the transport train 202... Driven by the distributed drive track 201, the train runs to the tipping and unloading track 2011 corresponding to the target material placement pit. During the journey, the train automatically performs a tipping action, dumping the entire carload of solid waste into the material placement system 300 located there. After receiving the material, the material placement system 300 performs a series of automated operations, and finally evenly spreads the solid waste in the material placement pit, thus realizing the fully automated operation of loading-transportation-fixed-point unloading-material placement. The main transport track system 200 mentioned above can refer to the distributed drive mining track transport system and method disclosed in the authorization announcement number CN115743187B. In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , 2The loading system 100 is responsible for the preliminary treatment and loading of solid waste. It includes a conveyor belt mechanism 101 and a crushing and loading mechanism 102 connected to the discharge end of the conveyor belt mechanism 101. The core of the crushing and loading mechanism 102 is a feeding box 1021, which has two sets of crushing rollers 1024 arranged horizontally in parallel inside. The ends of the roller shafts of the two sets of crushing rollers 1024 are fixedly installed with transmission gears, and the two transmission gears mesh with each other. A first drive device 1022, such as an electric motor or hydraulic motor, is fixedly installed on the outside of the feeding box 1021, and its output shaft is connected to a chain. Alternatively, a coupling can be used to power the shaft of one of the crushing rollers 1024. Under the drive of the first drive device 1022, the two sets of crushing rollers 1024 rotate in opposite directions to crush the large solid waste fed into the feeding box 1021, making its particle size uniform, which is convenient for subsequent transportation and material distribution. The bottom of the feeding box 1021 is provided with a tapered feeding port, and a controllable material valve 1023 is installed at the feeding port to precisely control the amount and timing of the crushed material being fed to the conveyor belt mechanism 101 below, so as to match the loading rhythm of the transport train 202. To achieve precise and automated loading, a laser sensor is installed on the unloading box 1021 to detect whether the carriage of the transport train 202 below has arrived. Simultaneously, a mass sensor (such as a weighing sensor) is pre-embedded inside the carriage of the transport train 202. The laser sensor, mass sensor, and material valve 1023 are all connected to the central control and dispatching system. When the laser sensor detects the train's arrival and the mass sensor indicates the carriage is not fully loaded, the central control and dispatching system can instruct the material valve 1023 to open for unloading. When the mass sensor detects that the loading amount has reached a preset value, it instructs the material valve 1023 to close, stopping loading and effectively preventing overloading or underloading. In addition, please see Figure 3 , Figure 4 The fabric placement system 300 is fixedly installed on the edge of the fabric placement pit, directly below the tilting unloading track 2011. The system includes a system frame 301, a material collection mechanism 302, a material spreading mechanism 303, a material unloading mechanism 304, and a fabric placement mechanism 305. All mechanisms are integrated on the robust system frame 301. Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 The material collection mechanism 302 includes a material collection box 3021 with an opening at the top and a discharge valve 306 that controls the discharge from the bottom. The material collection box 3021 is fixedly installed on the top of the system frame 301. The inlet 3022 at the top of the box faces the discharge area of ​​the overhead tipping unloading track 2011, which is used to receive a large amount of solid waste dumped by the transport train 202 and serve as a temporary storage. The bottom of the material collection box 3021 is provided with an outlet 3023, and the discharge valve 306 is installed at the outlet 3023 to control the flow and shut-off of materials. Please see Figure 5, Figure 6 , Figure 7 The material spreading mechanism 303 is installed on the system frame 301 directly below the material collecting mechanism 302. It is used to shape the loose materials falling from the collecting box 3021. It includes a drive roller 3031, a driven roller 3032, a conveyor belt 3033, and a support platform 3034 supporting the conveyor belt 3033. The support platform 3034 is fixed on the system frame 301. The drive roller 3031 and the driven roller 3032 are rotatably connected to both ends of the support platform 3034 through bearing seats. The conveyor belt 3033 is tensioned on the drive roller 3031 and the driven roller 3032. The top surface of the support platform 3034 is in contact with the inner working surface of the conveyor belt 3033, which plays a supporting role. On the upper part of the conveyor belt 3033, along its length, a left baffle 3035 and a right baffle 3036 are fixedly installed on both sides respectively. The bottom surface of the two baffles maintains a small gap or contact with the top surface of the conveyor belt 3033. The discharge port 3023 of the collection box 3021 is close to the left baffle 3035. The material spreading mechanism 303 is equipped with a second drive device 3037 (such as a motor), which is poweredly connected to the drive roller 3031. The second drive device 3037 can drive the conveyor belt 3033 to run in a single direction. When solid waste falls from the discharge port 3023 onto the running conveyor belt 3033, it is confined in the channel between the left baffle 3035 and the right baffle 3036, thereby being conveyed to form a continuous and regular strip-shaped material flow. Please see Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 The feeding mechanism 304 is located on one side of the conveyor belt 3033. It includes a pusher plate 3041 and a drive cylinder 3042 that drives the pusher plate 3041. Two sets of pusher plates 3041 are provided between the left baffle 3035 and the right baffle 3036. The two sets of pusher plates 3041 are located on the front and rear sides of the conveyor belt 3033, respectively. The two sets of pusher plates 3041 are fixedly connected by a connecting frame 3043. The cylinder body of the drive cylinder 3042 is fixed. Fixed on the system frame 301, the end of its piston rod is connected to a set of pusher plates 3041. Through the left baffle 3035, the right baffle 3036 and the two sets of pusher plates 3041, the solid waste can be cut off from flowing to other places when it falls. When the drive cylinder 3042 extends and retracts, it can drive the two pusher plates 3041 to move synchronously in a direction perpendicular to the conveyor belt 3033, pushing the strip-shaped solid waste accumulated on the conveyor belt 3033 away from the conveyor belt 3033 as a whole. Please see Figure 5The material spreading mechanism 305 is used to carry materials and spread them back and forth above the pit. It includes a linear motion module 3051, a material spreading box 3052, and a material spreading valve 307 that controls the opening and closing of the bottom of the material spreading box 3052. The linear motion module 3051 is mounted on the system frame 301 and spans the material spreading area of ​​the material spreading pit. The linear motion module 3051 includes a motion table 30511 that can perform linear motion. The material spreading box 3052 is fixedly mounted on the motion table 30511. Its top is provided with a box opening for receiving solid waste pushed down by the unloading mechanism 304, and its bottom is provided with a material spreading port 30521. The material spreading valve 307 is installed at the material spreading port 30521 of the material spreading box 3052 and is used to control its opening and closing. When the motion table 30511, driven by the linear motion module 3051, carries the material box 3052 along the guide rail, the material can be evenly spread in the pit during the movement of the material box 3052 by controlling the opening and closing of the material valve 307. In addition, the entire system is monitored and coordinated by the central control and dispatch system. Visual sensors are installed on the material box 3052 or the system frame 301 to monitor the filling status of the material pit and the material placement effect. The visual sensors, feeding valve 306, second drive device 3037, material placement valve 307, linear motion module 3051, and drive cylinder 3042 are all connected to the central control and dispatch system to remotely control the opening and closing of the feeding valve 306, the laying operation of the material laying mechanism 303, the pushing operation of the feeding mechanism 304, the material placement operation of the material placement mechanism 305, and the running rhythm of the main transport track system 200, so as to realize the intelligent and efficient operation of the entire system. Example

[0019] Please see Figures 8-12 The present invention provides a multi-point material placement system 300 for mines based on distributed rail trains. This embodiment is a further embodiment based on embodiment 1. Please see Figure 11 The discharge valve 306 specifically includes a discharge plate 3068, a guide post 3061, and a first lead screw 3062. The guide post 3061 is fixed on the system frame 301. The discharge plate 3068 is slidably connected to the guide post 3061 and can move left and right to open and close the discharge port 3023 of the collection box 3021. The first lead screw 3062 is threadedly connected to the discharge plate 3068, and a first input shaft 3063 is fixed at its end. A first worm gear 3064 is fixedly connected to the first input shaft 3063. A first worm 3065 that meshes with the first worm gear 3064 is rotatably supported on the system frame 301. A first drive gear 3066 is installed at one end of the first worm 3065. Please see Figure 8A first drive rack 3067, which is at the same height as the first drive gear 3066, is fixedly installed on the material box 3052. When the material box 3052 moves to a position close to the material laying mechanism 303 (i.e., ready to receive material) under the drive of the linear motion module 3051, the first drive rack 3067 meshes with the first drive gear 3066. Through the transmission of the first drive gear 3066, the first worm 3065, the first worm wheel 3064, and the first lead screw 3062, the material feeding plate 3068 is driven to move, thereby automatically closing the feeding port of the collection box 3021. When the material feeding box 3052 moves away from the material spreading mechanism 303 and begins the material spreading stroke, the transmission reverses, and the material feeding plate 3068 automatically opens the material feeding port, thereby feeding material to the material spreading mechanism 303. This design realizes the cycle of material feeding without spreading when the material feeding box 3052 is empty and spreading when it is full. The feeding timing is precise, no additional electrical control signal is required, and the mechanical reliability is high. To elaborate further, please refer to Figure 9 , Figure 10 The fabric valve 307 includes a fabric plate 3071, a second worm gear 3072, and a second worm 3073. The fabric plate 3071 is rotatably connected to one side of the fabric opening 30521 of the fabric box 3052 via a rotating shaft. The second worm gear 3072 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. The second worm 3073 is rotatably mounted on the fabric box 3052 and meshes with the second worm gear 3072. The end of the second worm 3073 is equipped with a second drive gear 3074. Correspondingly, a second drive rack 3075 is fixedly installed on the system frame 301 at the starting end of the movement of the fabric box 3052 (near the end of the spreading mechanism 303). When the fabric box 3052 moves to this end, the second drive gear 3074 meshes with the second drive rack 3075, driving the second worm 3073 and the second worm wheel 3072, causing the fabric plate 3071 to rotate and close the fabric opening 30521. When the material box 3052 leaves the starting end and begins to move into the material pit, the second drive gear 3074 and the second drive rack 3075 cooperate to make the material plate 3071 automatically open the material opening 30521. And by utilizing the self-locking effect of the worm gear, the material opening 30521 is kept in the open state. At this time, the material feeding mechanism 305 can feed material into the material pit. To elaborate further, please refer to Figure 8 The linear motion module 3051 includes a reciprocating lead screw 30512 and parallel guide rails. The guide rails are fixedly connected to the system frame 301, and the motion table 30511 is slidably connected to the guide rails. The motion table 30511 is threadedly connected to the reciprocating lead screw 30512. To improve the stability of the fabric box 3052, two sets of linear motion modules 3051 can be set on the system frame 301. Both sets of reciprocating lead screws 30512 are fixedly connected to a second input shaft 30513. The two sets of second input shafts 30513 are poweredly connected by a timing belt assembly 30514. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 12 A set of second input shafts 30513 are connected to the active roller 3031 of the material spreading mechanism 303 through a transmission assembly 308. The transmission assembly 308 can be a sprocket, chain, gear set, etc., to achieve the following effect. The second drive device 3037 is poweredly connected to the second input shaft 30513. When the second drive device 3037 is working, it simultaneously drives the active roller 3031 (driving the conveyor belt 3033) and the second input shaft 30513 (driving the reciprocating screw 30512). This ensures that for every complete reciprocating motion (spreading solid waste) of the material box 3052, the conveyor belt 3033 outputs a fixed amount of material that forms a strip of material of a fixed length. In other words, the moving speed of the material box 3052 is strictly matched with the material supply speed, which fundamentally avoids the problem of uneven or piled-up material due to asynchronous speeds, and ensures the flatness and uniformity of the paving surface. In summary, the material distribution box 3052 is driven to reciprocate by the linear motion module 3051. The power of this module is linked with the active roller 3031 of the material spreading mechanism 303 through the transmission component 308. This ensures that each time the material distribution box 3052 completes one reciprocating motion, the conveyor belt 3033 outputs a fixed amount of solid waste. Simultaneously, when the material distribution box 3052 returns to approach the material spreading mechanism 303, the discharge valve 306 automatically closes to stop spreading. When the material distribution box 3052 moves away, the discharge valve 306 automatically opens to spread the material synchronously. Furthermore, when the material distribution box 3052 moves away from the material spreading mechanism 303, the material spreading valve 307 automatically opens to spread the material. It automatically closes upon returning to meet the load-bearing capacity of the solid waste. This reduces the need for additional sensors or electronic control commands, relying solely on mechanical linkage, resulting in high reliability and precise response. Example

[0020] Please see Figure 1 This embodiment, based on the distributed railcar-based multi-point material placement system 300 for mines proposed in Embodiment 1, provides a control method, including the following steps: Step 1: Loading stage. The transport train 202 arrives at the designated loading position under the conveying of the distributed drive track 201. The laser sensor of the loading system 100 detects the arrival of the train. The central control and dispatching system instructs the first drive device 1022 of the crushing and loading mechanism 102 to start and crush the solid waste. At the same time, the material valve 1023 is opened and the crushed material falls into the carriage of the transport train. The mass sensor in the carriage monitors the load in real time. After the preset value is reached, the central control and dispatching system instructs the material valve 1023 and the first drive device 1022 to be closed, and the loading is completed. Step 2: Unloading stage. The fully loaded transport train 202 drives the main transport track system 200 towards the material placement pit. When the train enters the tipping unloading track 2011 section, the carriage tilts 180° and dumps all the solid waste inside into the collection box 3021 of the material placement system 300 directly below. Step 3: In the material laying stage, the transport train unloads solid waste into the collection box 3021, the discharge valve 306 opens, the laying mechanism 303 operates, the solid waste in the collection box 3021 falls and is laid in strips on the laying mechanism 303, the discharge mechanism 304 pushes the solid waste laid by the laying mechanism 303 to the material laying mechanism 305, the material laying mechanism 305 moves in a straight line, and the material laying valve 307 opens, so that the solid waste is laid in the material laying pit. Finally, the material laying mechanism 305 returns to its original position to carry out the next material laying. The material laying image is transmitted to the central control and dispatch system through the visual sensor. The central control and dispatch system can remotely control the opening and closing of the discharge valve 306, the laying work of the laying mechanism 303, the pushing work of the discharge mechanism 304, and the material laying work of the material laying mechanism 305. Step 4: Return to center stage. After unloading, the transport train 202, under the continued transport of the distributed drive track 201, returns to the loading position empty after being flipped and returned to center.

[0021] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0022] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A mine multi-point distribution system based on distributed rail train, comprising a loading system (100), a main transportation rail system (200) and a distribution system (300), the main transportation rail system (200) comprising a distributed drive rail (201) and a transportation train (202) located on the distributed drive rail (201), the distributed drive rail (201) comprising a turnover unloading rail (2011) corresponding to a distribution pit, the loading system (100) cooperating with the main transportation rail system (200) so that the loading system (100) loads solid waste to the transportation train (202), characterized in that: The material distribution system (300) corresponds to the material distribution pit, and the transport train (202) dumps the solid waste delivered by the transport train (202) to the material distribution system (300) when passing through the turnover unloading track (2011), and the material distribution system (300) distributes the solid waste in the material distribution pit.

2. The mine multi-point distribution system based on the distributed rail train according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material distribution system (300) comprises a system rack (301), a material collecting mechanism (302), a material paving mechanism (303), a material discharging mechanism (304), and a material distributing mechanism (305), the system rack (301) is provided with the material collecting mechanism (302), the material collecting mechanism (302) corresponds to the turnover unloading track (2011), and the solid waste dumped by the transport train (202) is stored in the material collecting mechanism (302); The system rack (301) is provided with the material paving mechanism (303) at the bottom of the material collecting mechanism (302), the material paving mechanism (303) can deliver the solid waste in the material collecting mechanism (302), and the delivered solid waste is in a strip shape; The system rack (301) is provided with the material distributing mechanism (305) at one side of the bottom of the material paving mechanism (303), and the system rack (301) is provided with the material discharging mechanism (304) at one side of the material paving mechanism (303), the material discharging mechanism (304) can discharge the solid waste output by the material paving mechanism (303) to the material distributing mechanism (305), and the material distributing mechanism (305) distributes the solid waste in the material distribution pit.

3. The mine multiple point distribution system based on distributed rail train according to claim 2, characterized in that: The loading system (100) comprises a conveying belt mechanism (101) and a crushing and loading mechanism (102) corresponding to the conveying belt mechanism (101); The bottom of the crushing and loading mechanism (102) is provided with a discharging port, and the discharging port is provided with a material valve (1023); A laser sensor is fixedly connected to the discharging port, a quality sensor is fixedly connected in the carriage of the transport train (202), and the quality sensor, the laser sensor, and the material valve (1023) are signal-connected to a central control and scheduling system.

4. The mine multiple point distribution system based on the distributed rail train according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material collecting mechanism (302) comprises a material collecting box (3021) and a discharging valve (306), the system rack (301) is fixedly connected with the material collecting box (3021), the top surface of the material collecting box (3021) is provided with an inlet (3022), the inlet (3022) corresponds to the turnover unloading track (2011), the bottom of the material collecting box (3021) is provided with a discharge port (3023), the material collecting box (3021) is provided with the discharging valve (306) matched with the discharge port (3023), the discharging valve (306) is used for controlling the opening and closing of the discharge port (3023), and the material paving mechanism (303) is matched with the discharge port (3023).

5. The mine multiple point distribution system based on the distributed rail train according to claim 4, characterized in that: The paving mechanism (303) comprises a driving roller (3031), a driven roller (3032), a conveying belt (3033), a bearing table (3034), a left baffle (3035) and a right baffle (3036), the system rack (301) is fixedly connected with the bearing table (3034), one end of the bearing table (3034) is rotatably connected with the driving roller (3031), the other end of the bearing table (3034) is rotatably connected with the driven roller (3032), the driving roller (3031) and the driven roller (3032) are provided with the conveying belt (3033) therebetween, the top surface of the bearing table (3034) is in contact with the conveying belt (3033), one end of the system rack (301) close to the conveying belt (3033) is fixedly connected with the left baffle (3035), the discharging port is close to the left baffle (3035), the other end of the system rack (301) close to the conveying belt (3033) is fixedly connected with the right baffle (3036), the bottom surfaces of the left baffle (3035) and the right baffle (3036) are in contact with the top surface of the conveying belt (3033). The driving roller (3031) is power-connected with a second driving device (3037).

6. The mine multiple point distribution system based on distributed rail train according to claim 5, characterized in that: The material distribution mechanism (305) comprises a linear motion module (3051), a material distribution box (3052) and a material distribution valve (307), the system rack (301) is fixedly connected with the linear motion module (3051), the linear motion module (3051) comprises a movable table (30511) capable of moving linearly, the movable table (30511) is fixedly connected with the material distribution box (3052), the top of the material distribution box (3052) is provided with a box opening, the bottom of the material distribution box (3052) is provided with a material distribution opening (30521), the material distribution box (3052) is provided with the material distribution valve (307) matched with the material distribution opening (30521), and the material distribution valve (307) is used for controlling the opening and closing of the material distribution opening (30521).

7. The mine multiple point distribution system based on distributed rail train according to claim 6, characterized in that: The discharging mechanism (304) comprises a material pushing plate (3041) and a driving cylinder (3042), two groups of the material pushing plates (3041) are arranged between the left baffle (3035) and the right baffle (3036) on the system rack (301), the two groups of material pushing plates (3041) are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the conveying belt (3033), the two groups of material pushing plates (3041) are fixedly connected with a connecting frame (3043), and the system rack (301) is fixedly connected with the driving cylinder (3042); the piston end of the driving cylinder (3042) is fixedly connected with one group of the material pushing plates (3041). The material distribution box (3052) is fixedly connected with a visual sensor, and the visual sensor, a discharging valve (306), a second driving device (3037), a material distribution valve (307), a linear motion module (3051), a driving cylinder (3042) are all signal-connected with the central control scheduling system.

8. The mine multiple point distribution system based on distributed rail train according to claim 7, characterized in that: The blanking valve (306) comprises a blanking plate (3068), a guide column (3061) and a first lead screw (3062), one side of the blanking port on the system rack (301) is fixedly connected with the guide column (3061), the guide column (3061) is slidably connected with the blanking plate (3068), and the first lead screw (3062) is threadedly connected to the blanking plate (3068); One end of the first lead screw (3062) is fixedly connected with a first input shaft (3063), the first input shaft (3063) is fixedly connected with a first worm wheel (3064), the system rack (301) is rotatably connected with a first worm (3065), the first worm (3065) is rotatably connected with the first worm wheel (3064), and the first worm (3065) is fixedly connected with a first drive gear (3066); The first drive gear (3066) is fixedly connected with a first drive rack (3067) on the cloth box (3052) corresponding to the first drive gear (3066), when the cloth box (3052) is away from the paving mechanism (303), the first drive rack (3067) drives the first drive gear (3066), and the blanking plate (3068) opens the blanking port; The cloth valve (307) comprises a cloth plate (3071), a second worm wheel (3072) and a second worm (3073), one side of the cloth port (30521) on the cloth box (3052) is rotatably connected with the cloth plate (3071) through a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the second worm wheel (3072), and the cloth box (3052) is rotatably connected with the second worm (3073); the second worm (3073) is rotatably connected with the second worm wheel (3072), and the second worm (3073) is fixedly connected with a second drive gear (3074); The system rack (301) is fixedly connected with a second drive rack (3075) corresponding to the second drive gear (3074), when the cloth box (3052) is away from the paving mechanism (303), the second drive rack (3075) drives the second drive gear (3074), and the cloth plate (3071) opens the cloth port (30521).

9. The mine multiple point distribution system based on distributed rail train according to claim 8, characterized in that: The linear motion module (3051) comprises a reciprocating lead screw (30512) and a guide rail, the guide rail is fixedly connected to the system rack (301), the guide rail is slidably connected with the moving table (30511), and the reciprocating lead screw (30512) is threadedly connected to the moving table (30511); One end of the reciprocating screw (30512) is fixedly connected with a second input shaft (30513), and the second input shaft (30513) is in power connection with the second driving device (3037); The second input shaft (30513) and the driving roller (3031) are in power connection through a transmission assembly (308), and the second driving device (3037) drives the reciprocating screw (30512) to rotate, so that the conveying belt (3033) is laid out when the cloth box (3052) performs one-time reciprocating movement.

10. A control method for a mine multi-point distribution system based on a distributed rail train according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Comprise the following steps: Step one: loading stage, the transport train (202) reaches the designated loading position under the conveying of the distributed driving track (201), the laser sensor of the loading system (100) detects that the train is in place, the central control scheduling system instructs the first driving device (1022) of the crushing loading mechanism (102) to start, and the solid waste is crushed, at the same time, the material valve (1023) is opened, and the crushed material falls into the carriage of the transport train, the mass sensor in the carriage monitors the load in real time, and after reaching the preset value, the central control scheduling system instructs to close the material valve (1023) and the first driving device (1022), and the loading is completed; Step two: unloading stage, the full load transport train (202) drives to the material distribution pit under the driving of the main transport track system (200), when the train enters the turnover unloading track (2011) section, the carriage is turned over by 180° to dump all the solid waste in it into the material collecting box (3021) of the material distribution system (300) below; Step three: material distribution stage, the transport train unloads the solid waste in the material collecting box (3021), the material valve (306) is opened, the material distribution mechanism (303) works, the solid waste in the material collecting box (3021) falls and is laid out in strips on the material distribution mechanism (303), the material distribution mechanism (304) pushes the solid waste laid out by the material distribution mechanism (303) to the material distribution mechanism (305), the material distribution mechanism (305) performs linear motion, and the material valve (307) is opened, so that the solid waste is laid out in the material distribution pit, finally, the material distribution mechanism (305) returns to the original position and performs the next material distribution, the material distribution picture is transmitted to the central control scheduling system through the visual sensor, and the central control scheduling system can remotely control the opening and closing of the material valve (306), the laying of the material distribution mechanism (303), the pushing of the material distribution mechanism (304) and the material distribution of the material distribution mechanism (305); Step four: normal stage, after unloading, the transport train (202) continues to be conveyed under the conveying of the distributed driving track (201), and after turnover and normal, it returns to the loading position empty.

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