Water electrolysis system multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method, system, medium and equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method, system, medium and equipment for a water electrolysis system, and the method comprises the steps: building electrochemical, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow and thermodynamic models of an electrolytic reactor according to the internal structure and reaction mechanism of the electrolytic reactor; the method comprises the following steps: establishing gas-liquid separation, volume, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow and thermodynamic models of the gas-liquid separator according to a physical structure and a working principle of the gas-liquid separator; thermodynamics, phase equilibrium and two-phase flow models of the heat exchanger and the heater are established according to the internal structures and flow mechanisms of the heat exchanger and the heater; establishing a flow distribution model of the pipe network according to a flow channel structure and a flow mechanism of the pipe network; forming a full-system multi-physical field coupling model covering the electrolytic reactor, the gas-liquid separator, the heat exchanger, the heater and the pipe network; the dynamic response characteristics of the hydrogen concentration in oxygen, the oxygen concentration in hydrogen, the temperature, the pressure, the flow, the gas phase partial pressure and the liquid phase saturation in the system under different wide power fluctuation working conditions are synchronously predicted through a whole-system multi-physics field coupling model.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electrolytic hydrogen production, in particular to a water electrolysis system multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method, system, medium and equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] Water electrolysis technology has become an important development direction for coupling fluctuating renewable energy sources to produce hydrogen due to its fast response characteristics, high current density operation capability, and excellent variable load performance. However, under the driving of intermittent power sources such as wind and solar power, the system faces complex working conditions such as frequent start-stop and severe power fluctuations, leading to problems such as imbalance of gas-liquid two-phase flow distribution, mismatch of multi-physical field coupling response, etc., which easily cause safety hazards such as excessive hydrogen in oxygen (HTO) concentration, temperature overshoot, and pressure imbalance. The existing system performance prediction methods have the following limitations: traditional models mostly focus on the static characteristic analysis of the electrolysis stack itself, ignoring the dynamic interaction mechanism of key components such as gas-liquid separator, heat exchanger, and pipe network; the HTO generation pathway is complex, and existing methods are difficult to accurately predict the dynamic variation of HTO; the transient characteristics of phase equilibrium and two-phase flow under wide power fluctuations, as well as the strong coupling effect between thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and fluid dynamics, are not fully considered, resulting in significant deviations in the prediction of key parameters such as temperature, pressure, and gas composition.

[0003] Existing models are difficult to achieve dynamic coupling modeling of electrolysis stack, gas-liquid separator, heat exchanger, heater, and pipe network; cannot accurately predict the dynamic variation of HTO; lack of system description of electrochemical-phase equilibrium-two-phase flow-thermodynamic multi-field coupling dynamic response. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method covering multi-component and multi-mechanism coupling of the whole system, to realize accurate identification of safety risks and optimization of operation strategy.

[0004] The above information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of the present application, and therefore can contain information that is not prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a water electrolysis system multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method, system, medium and equipment, which establishes a multi-physical field coupling model of the whole system to realize accurate quantification of key dynamic parameters. This method considers the gas-liquid distribution law and multi-physical field coupling characteristics under wide power fluctuations, and can not only predict the risk of excessive hydrogen concentration in oxygen, but also output key performance indicators such as temperature, pressure, and flow.

[0006] A water electrolysis system multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method includes:

[0007] Step 1: Establishing electrochemical, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow, and thermodynamic models of the electrolysis stack according to the internal structure and reaction mechanism of the electrolysis stack;

[0008] Step 2: Establishing the gas-liquid separation, volume, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow and thermodynamic model of the gas-liquid separator according to its physical structure and working principle;

[0009] Step 3: Establishing the thermodynamic, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow model of the heat exchanger and heater according to their internal structure and flow mechanism;

[0010] Step 4: Establishing the flow distribution model of the pipe network according to its flow channel structure and flow mechanism;

[0011] Step 5: Coupling the established models to form a full-system multi-physical field coupling model covering the electrolysis stack, gas-liquid separator, heat exchanger, heater and pipe network; after giving the system boundary conditions and initial parameters, the full-system multi-physical field coupling model is used to predict the dynamic response characteristics of the oxygen hydrogen concentration, hydrogen oxygen concentration, temperature, pressure, flow, gas phase partial pressure and liquid phase saturation in the system under different wide power fluctuation conditions.

[0012] In the water electrolysis system multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method, in step 1, the establishment of the electrochemical, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow and thermodynamic model of the electrolysis stack includes:

[0013] (1)

[0014] Formula (1) calculates the concentration of dissolved gas in the electrolysis stack flow channel, wherein, is the component of the dissolved gas, including hydrogen and oxygen, is the concentration of the dissolved gas in the electrolysis stack flow channel, is the number of electrolysis cells in the electrolysis stack, represents the cathode or anode , is the electrolysis stack inlet flow rate, is the electrolysis stack inlet liquid saturation, is the electrolysis stack inlet gas dissolution concentration, is the electrolysis stack outlet flow rate, is the saturation of the electrolysis stack flow channel, is the electrolysis stack outlet gas dissolution concentration, is the flow channel area, is the flow channel thickness, represents the reaction source term of hydrogen and oxygen, represents the material transport source term of hydrogen and oxygen,

[0015] (2)

[0016] Formula (2) calculates the gas phase component partial pressure in the electrolysis stack flow channel, wherein, For the gas components, including hydrogen ( ), oxygen ( ) and water vapor ( ), is the partial pressure of the gas in the electrolyzer flow channel, is the partial pressure of the gas at the electrolyzer inlet, is the temperature of the electrolyzer flow channel, is the internal temperature of the heater, represents the source term of the material transport of hydrogen, oxygen and water vapor, is the gas constant,

[0017] (3)

[0018] Equation (3) calculates the liquid saturation in the electrolyzer flow channel, where, is the molar volume of water, is the reaction source term of liquid water, is the electro-osmotic drag source term of liquid water,

[0019] (4)

[0020] Based on the calculation results of the partial pressure of each gas component in equation (2), the total pressure of the electrolyzer is determined by equation (4), where, is the total pressure of the electrolyzer,

[0021] (5)

[0022] Equation (5) calculates the temperature of the electrolyzer, where, is the heat capacity of the electrolyzer, is the temperature of the electrolyzer, is the source term of electrolytic heat generation of the electrolyzer, is the heat dissipation source term of the electrolyzer and the environment, is the cooling heat exchange source term of the electrolyzer and the flow channel fluid,

[0023] (6)

[0024] Equation (6) calculates the temperature of the electrolyzer flow channel, where, is the heat capacity of the electrolyzer flow channel, is the specific heat capacity of liquid water, is the density of liquid water.

[0025] In the water electrolysis system multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method, step 2, the gas-liquid separation, volume, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow and thermodynamic model of the gas-liquid separator includes,

[0026] (7)

[0027] (8)

[0028] Equations (7) and (8) are the gas separation efficiency and liquid separation efficiency where, is the gas-liquid mixture saturation entering the top cavity of the separator after gas-liquid separation, is the gas-liquid mixture saturation entering the bottom liquid of the separator after gas-liquid separation,

[0029] (9)

[0030] (10)

[0031] the flow rate entering the top cavity of the separator and the flow rate of the bottom liquid of the separator are obtained by simultaneous solution of equations (9, 10),

[0032] (11)

[0033] Equation (11) calculates the bottom liquid volume of the gas-liquid separator, where, is the bottom liquid volume of the gas-liquid separator, is the total pressure of the gas-liquid separator, is the temperature of the gas-liquid separator, is the bottom liquid saturation of the gas-liquid separator, is the outlet flow rate of the gas-liquid separator to the communicating vessel, is the makeup and blowdown flow rate of the makeup and blowdown valves,

[0034] (12)

[0035] Equation (12) calculates the concentration of dissolved gas in the bottom liquid of the gas-liquid separator, where, is the concentration of dissolved gas in the bottom liquid of the gas-liquid separator,

[0036] (13)

[0037] Equation (13) calculates the saturation of the bottom liquid of the gas-liquid separator,

[0038] (14)

[0039] Equation (14) calculates the saturation of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator, where, is the saturation of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator, is the volume of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator, is the outlet flow rate of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator,

[0040] (15)

[0041] Equation (15) calculates the gas phase partial pressure of the gas-liquid separator head cavity, where, is the gas partial pressure of the gas-liquid separator head cavity,

[0042] (16)

[0043] Equation (16) calculates the total pressure of the gas-liquid separator,

[0044] (17)

[0045] Equation (17) calculates the temperature of the gas-liquid separator, where, is the heat capacity of the gas-liquid separator, is the heat sink term of the gas-liquid separator with the environment.

[0046] In the water electrolysis system multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method, in step 3, the thermodynamic, phase equilibrium, and two-phase flow models of the heat exchanger and the heater include,

[0047] (18)

[0048] Equation (18) calculates the gas phase partial pressure in the heat exchanger, where, is the gas phase partial pressure in the heat exchanger, is the liquid saturation in the heat exchanger, is the heat exchanger volume, is the heat exchanger temperature, is the heat exchanger outlet flow rate,

[0049] (19)

[0050] Equation (19) calculates the concentration of dissolved gas in the heat exchanger, where, is the concentration of dissolved gas in the heat exchanger,

[0051] (20)

[0052] Equation (20) calculates the liquid saturation in the heat exchanger,

[0053] (21)

[0054] Equation (21) calculates the total pressure in the heat exchanger,

[0055] (22)

[0056] Equation (22) calculates the temperature of the heat exchanger, where, For the heat capacity of the heat exchanger, For heat exchangers and the environment, This refers to the heat exchange source between the heat exchanger and the cooling water.

[0057] (twenty three)

[0058] Equation (23) is used to calculate the partial pressure of the gas phase inside the heater, where, The partial pressure of the gas phase inside the heater, The liquid saturation level inside the heater. For heater volume, For heater temperature, This is the heater outlet flow rate.

[0059] (twenty four)

[0060] Equation (24) calculates the concentration of dissolved gas in the heater, where, The concentration of dissolved gas inside the heater.

[0061] (25)

[0062] Equation (25) is used to calculate the liquid saturation in the heater.

[0063] (26)

[0064] Equation (26) is used to calculate the total pressure inside the heater.

[0065] (27)

[0066] Equation (27) is used to calculate the heater temperature, where, For the heat capacity of the heater, This is a heat dissipation source for the heater and the environment. This refers to the electric heating power source for the heater.

[0067] In the aforementioned method for predicting the dynamic performance of a water electrolysis system using multiple parameters, step 4, establishing the flow distribution model of the pipeline network, includes:

[0068] (28)

[0069] Equation (28) is used to calculate the pipeline flow rate, where, For pipeline flow, For liquid saturation, This is the friction factor along the pipeline. and These are the inlet and outlet pressures of the pipeline. This represents the length of the pipe.

[0070] In the aforementioned method for predicting the dynamic performance of a water electrolysis system using multiple parameters, the hydrogen concentration in oxygen represents the hydrogen gas fraction in the hydrogen-oxygen mixture, and the oxygen concentration in hydrogen represents the oxygen volume fraction in the hydrogen-oxygen mixture. These two indicators are used to evaluate the safety of a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis system, and their expressions are given by equations (29, 30).

[0071] (29)

[0072] (30)

[0073] In the aforementioned method for predicting the dynamic performance of a water electrolysis system using multiple parameters, the model achieves dynamic coupling of the system through the following control logic:

[0074] Control Logic 1: Outlet flow rate of oxygen-liquid separator The system circulation is maintained by adjusting the set speed of the circulating pump;

[0075] Control Logic 2: Water supply flow rate of the water supply valve The on / off control is based on the real-time liquid level of the oxygen-side gas-liquid separator, and the drainage flow rate of the drain valve is controlled accordingly. The system is controlled by switching on and off based on the real-time liquid level of the hydrogen-side gas-liquid separator to maintain the system's water balance.

[0076] Control Logic 3: Electrolytic Reactor Anode Outlet Temperature The cooling water flow rate of the heat exchanger is maintained, and the electric heating power of the heater is controlled.

[0077] The setpoints and control parameters in the control logic were obtained through experimental testing.

[0078] A system for implementing the method includes:

[0079] The data input module is used to input the system's boundary conditions and initial parameters;

[0080] The model building module is used to build multiphysics models of electrolytic reactors, gas-liquid separators, heat exchangers, heaters, and pipe networks.

[0081] The model coupling and prediction module is used to couple the models of each component to form a complete system model and simultaneously predict the dynamic response characteristics of key parameters.

[0082] The output module is used to output the predicted multi-parameter dynamic response results.

[0083] A computer storage medium including computer instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method.

[0084] An electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0085] Memory, processor, and computer programs stored in memory and executable on the processor, wherein,

[0086] The processor implements the method when executing the program.

[0087] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: This invention establishes a dynamic coupling model of the entire water electrolysis system. Through collaborative modeling of the electrolytic reactor, gas-liquid separator, heat exchanger, heater, and piping network, it achieves system-level multiphysics coupling simulation, accurately simulating the dynamic interaction mechanism between components under wide power fluctuations, providing a complete solution for overall system performance optimization. A multi-parameter prediction method has been developed. Through an electrochemical-thermodynamic-two-phase flow coupling algorithm, parallel calculation and dynamic correlation analysis of key parameters such as temperature, pressure, gas phase partial pressure, and liquid phase saturation are achieved, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-parameter prediction and providing a comprehensive quantitative assessment basis for the safe operation of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0088] Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings.

[0089] In the attached diagram:

[0090] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method for water electrolysis systems proposed in this invention;

[0091] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a water electrolysis system;

[0092] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the flow channel structure and principle of an electrolytic reactor;

[0093] Figure 4 This is the structure and schematic diagram of a gas-liquid separator;

[0094] Figure 5 This is a diagram comparing the experimental and predicted results of the pressure on each component of the system;

[0095] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram comparing the experimental and predicted results of the electrolytic reactor voltage, hydrogen in oxygen, and liquid level in the gas-liquid separator.

[0096] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0097] Specific embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0098] It should be noted that certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art will understand that different terms may be used to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in terminology, but rather on differences in function. The terms "comprising" or "including" used throughout the specification and claims are open-ended and should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to." The following descriptions are preferred embodiments for carrying out the invention; however, these descriptions are for the purpose of understanding the general principles of the specification and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of protection of this invention is determined by the appended claims.

[0099] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, further explanations and descriptions will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0100] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method for a water electrolysis system includes the following steps:

[0101] Step 1: Establish electrochemical, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow, and thermodynamic models of the electrolytic reactor based on its internal structure and reaction mechanism;

[0102] Step 2: Based on the physical structure and working principle of the gas-liquid separator, establish gas-liquid separation, volume, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow, and thermodynamic models of the gas-liquid separator;

[0103] Step 3: Establish thermodynamic, phase equilibrium, and two-phase flow models of the heat exchanger and heater based on their internal structure and flow mechanism;

[0104] Step 4: Establish a flow distribution model for the pipeline network based on its flow channel structure and flow mechanism;

[0105] Step 5: Dynamically couple the established models to form a full-system multiphysics coupled model covering the electrolytic reactor, gas-liquid separator, heat exchanger, heater, and pipeline network; given the system boundary conditions and initial parameters, use the full-system multiphysics coupled model to synchronously predict the dynamic response characteristics of oxygen-hydrogen concentration, hydrogen-oxygen concentration, temperature, pressure, flow rate, gas phase partial pressure, and liquid phase saturation under different wide power fluctuation conditions.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment of the multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method for a water electrolysis system, step 1, establishing the electrochemical, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow, and thermodynamic models of the electrolytic reactor, includes:

[0107] (1)

[0108] Equation (1) is derived based on the law of conservation of mass and can be used to calculate the concentration of dissolved gas in the flow channel of the electrolytic reactor, where, The components of the dissolved gas include hydrogen and oxygen. This represents the concentration of dissolved gases in the flow channel of the electrolytic reactor. This represents the number of electrolytic cells in the electrolytic reactor. Indicates cathode Or anode , This is the inlet flow rate of the electrolytic reactor. The inlet liquid saturation of the electrolytic reactor. This refers to the dissolved concentration of the gas at the inlet of the electrolytic reactor. This refers to the outlet flow rate of the electrolytic reactor. The saturation level of the electrolytic reactor flow channel. This refers to the dissolved concentration of the gas at the electrolytic reactor outlet. The flow channel area, For the thickness of the flow channel, This represents the reaction source term for hydrogen and oxygen. The term represents the transport source of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0109] (2)

[0110] Equation (2) is derived based on the law of conservation of mass and the ideal gas equation, and can be used to calculate the partial pressures of gas phase components in the flow channel of the electrolytic reactor, where, It is a gaseous component, including hydrogen ( ),oxygen( ) and water vapor ( ), The partial pressure of gas in the flow channel of the electrolytic reactor, For the partial pressure of the gas at the inlet of the electrolytic reactor, This refers to the temperature of the electrolytic reactor flow channel. The internal temperature of the heater. The term represents the transport source of matter, including hydrogen, oxygen, and water vapor. The gas constant is...

[0111] (3)

[0112] Equation (3) is derived based on the incompressible fluid assumption and can be used to calculate the liquid phase saturation in the electrolytic reactor flow channel. Let be the molar volume of water. For the reaction source term of liquid water, For the electroosmotic drag source of liquid water,

[0113] (4)

[0114] Based on the partial pressure calculation results of each gas component in equation (2), the total pressure of the electrolytic reactor is determined by equation (4), where, This represents the total pressure of the electrolytic reactor.

[0115] (5)

[0116] Equation (5) is derived based on the law of conservation of energy and can be used to calculate the temperature of the electrolytic reactor, where, The heat capacity of the electrolytic reactor. The temperature of the electrolytic reactor. This is the heat source for electrolysis in the electrolytic reactor. This serves as a heat dissipation source for the electrolytic reactor and the environment. This serves as a heat exchange source for cooling the fluid between the electrolytic reactor and the flow channel.

[0117] (6)

[0118] Equation (6) is derived based on the law of conservation of energy and can be used to calculate the temperature of the electrolytic reactor flow channel, where, The heat capacity of the flow channel in the electrolytic reactor. Let be the specific heat capacity of liquid water. This is the density of liquid water.

[0119] In a preferred embodiment of the multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method for a water electrolysis system, step 2, establishing the gas-liquid separation, volume, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow, and thermodynamic models of the gas-liquid separator, includes:

[0120] (7)

[0121] (8)

[0122] Equations (7) and (8) represent the gas separation efficiencies, respectively. and liquid separation efficiency ,in, This represents the saturation level of the gas-liquid mixture entering the top cavity of the separator after gas-liquid separation. This refers to the saturation level of the gas-liquid mixture that enters the liquid at the bottom of the separator after gas-liquid separation.

[0123] (9)

[0124] (10)

[0125] Flow rate into the top cavity of the separator and the flow rate of the liquid at the bottom of the separator The solution is obtained by solving equations (9,10) simultaneously.

[0126] (11)

[0127] Equation (11) is derived based on the law of conservation of mass, the ideal gas equation, and the assumption of incompressible fluids. It can be used to calculate the liquid volume at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator, where, This refers to the liquid volume at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator. The total pressure of the gas-liquid separator. The temperature of the gas-liquid separator. The liquid saturation at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator. This refers to the outlet flow rate from the gas-liquid separator to the communicating vessel. The water supply and drainage flow rates for the water supply valve and the drain valve are specified.

[0128] (12)

[0129] Equation (12) is derived based on the law of conservation of mass and can be used to calculate the concentration of dissolved gas in the liquid at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator, where, The concentration of dissolved gas in the liquid at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator.

[0130] (13)

[0131] Equation (13) is derived based on the incompressible fluid assumption and can be used to calculate the saturation of the liquid at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator.

[0132] (14)

[0133] Equation (14) is derived based on the incompressible fluid assumption and can be used to calculate the saturation of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator, where, This represents the saturation level of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator. This refers to the volume of the cavity at the top of the gas-liquid separator. This represents the outlet flow rate of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator.

[0134] (15)

[0135] Equation (15) is derived based on the law of conservation of mass and the ideal gas equation, and can be used to calculate the partial pressure of the gas phase in the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator, where, The gas partial pressure in the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator.

[0136] (16)

[0137] Equation (16) is used to calculate the total pressure of the gas-liquid separator.

[0138] (17)

[0139] Equation (17) is derived based on the law of conservation of energy and can be used to calculate the temperature of the gas-liquid separator, where, The heat capacity of the gas-liquid separator. This is a heat dissipation source for the gas-liquid separator and the environment.

[0140] In a preferred embodiment of the multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method for a water electrolysis system, step 3, establishing the thermodynamic, phase equilibrium, and two-phase flow models of the heat exchanger and heater, includes:

[0141] (18)

[0142] Equation (18) is derived based on the law of conservation of mass and the ideal gas equation, and can be used to calculate the partial pressure of the gas phase inside the heat exchanger, where, The partial pressure of the gas phase inside the heat exchanger. The saturation level of the liquid inside the heat exchanger. For heat exchanger volume, For heat exchanger temperature, This refers to the heat exchanger outlet flow rate.

[0143] (19)

[0144] Equation (19) is derived based on the law of conservation of mass and can be used to calculate the concentration of dissolved gas in the heat exchanger, where, The concentration of dissolved gas inside the heat exchanger.

[0145] (20)

[0146] Equation (20) is derived based on the incompressible fluid assumption and can be used to calculate the liquid saturation in the heat exchanger.

[0147] (twenty one)

[0148] Equation (21) is used to calculate the total pressure inside the heat exchanger.

[0149] (twenty two)

[0150] Equation (22) is derived based on the law of conservation of energy and can be used to calculate the heat exchanger temperature, where, For the heat capacity of the heat exchanger, For heat exchangers and the environment, This refers to the heat exchange source between the heat exchanger and the cooling water.

[0151] (twenty three)

[0152] Equation (23) is derived based on the law of conservation of mass and the ideal gas equation, and can be used to calculate the partial pressure of the gas phase inside the heater, where, The partial pressure of the gas phase inside the heater, The liquid saturation level inside the heater. For heater volume, For heater temperature, This is the heater outlet flow rate.

[0153] (twenty four)

[0154] Equation (24) is derived based on the law of conservation of mass and can be used to calculate the concentration of dissolved gas in the heater, where, The concentration of dissolved gas inside the heater.

[0155] (25)

[0156] Equation (25) is derived based on the incompressible fluid assumption and can be used to calculate the liquid saturation inside the heater.

[0157] (26)

[0158] Equation (26) is used to calculate the total pressure inside the heater.

[0159] (27)

[0160] Equation (27) is derived based on the law of conservation of energy and can be used to calculate the heater temperature, where, For the heat capacity of the heater, This is a heat dissipation source for the heater and the environment. This refers to the electric heating power source for the heater.

[0161] In a preferred embodiment of the multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method for a water electrolysis system, step 4, establishing the flow distribution model of the pipeline network, includes:

[0162] (28)

[0163] Equation (28) is derived based on the empirical formula for friction loss and can be used to calculate the flow rate in the pipeline network, where, For pipeline flow, For liquid saturation, This is the friction factor along the pipeline. and These are the inlet and outlet pressures of the pipeline. This represents the length of the pipe.

[0164] In a preferred embodiment of the multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method for a water electrolysis system, the hydrogen concentration in oxygen represents the hydrogen gas fraction in the hydrogen-oxygen mixture, and the oxygen concentration in hydrogen represents the oxygen volume fraction in the hydrogen-oxygen mixture. These two indicators are used to evaluate the safety of the proton exchange membrane water electrolysis system, and their expressions are given by equations (29, 30).

[0165] (29)

[0166] (30)

[0167] In a preferred embodiment of the multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method for a water electrolysis system, the model achieves dynamic coupling of the system through the following control logic:

[0168] Control Logic 1: Outlet flow rate of oxygen-liquid separator The system circulation is maintained by adjusting the set speed of the circulating pump;

[0169] Control Logic 2: Water supply flow rate of the water supply valve The on / off control is based on the real-time liquid level of the oxygen-side gas-liquid separator, and the drainage flow rate of the drain valve is controlled accordingly. The system is controlled by switching on and off based on the real-time liquid level of the hydrogen-side gas-liquid separator to maintain the system's water balance.

[0170] Control Logic 3: Electrolytic Reactor Anode Outlet Temperature The cooling water flow rate of the heat exchanger is maintained, and the electric heating power of the heater is controlled.

[0171] The setpoints and control parameters in the control logic were obtained through experimental testing.

[0172] A system for implementing the method includes:

[0173] The data input module is used to input the system's boundary conditions and initial parameters;

[0174] The model building module is used to build multiphysics models of electrolytic reactors, gas-liquid separators, heat exchangers, heaters, and pipe networks.

[0175] The model coupling and prediction module is used to couple the models of each component to form a complete system model and simultaneously predict the dynamic response characteristics of key parameters.

[0176] The output module is used to output the predicted multi-parameter dynamic response results.

[0177] A computer storage medium including computer instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method.

[0178] An electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0179] Memory, processor, and computer programs stored in memory and executable on the processor, wherein,

[0180] The method implemented by the processor when executing the program.

[0181] In one embodiment, due to the high operational complexity of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis systems under fluctuating renewable energy conditions, and the involvement of strongly coupled electrochemical-thermodynamic-two-phase flow multiphysics processes, directly using commercial multiphysics simulation software for full dynamic simulation of the system results in enormous computational demands and difficulty in convergence. Furthermore, existing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis system models have the following limitations: traditional methods often focus on static electrolyzer modeling, neglecting the dynamic separation characteristics of the gas-liquid separator, the thermodynamic response of the heat exchanger, and the impact of pipeline flow distribution on system safety; and they lack a multi-parameter collaborative prediction mechanism, making it impossible to simultaneously obtain the dynamic correlation characteristics of key parameters such as temperature, pressure, gas phase partial pressure, and liquid phase saturation.

[0182] In summary, commercial simulation software is inefficient for dynamic simulation of the entire system, while existing simplified models do not fully consider the coupling effects of multiple components and the synergistic changes of multiple parameters under wide power fluctuations. Based on the gas-liquid distribution law and multi-physics coupling characteristics, this invention proposes a multi-parameter dynamic performance prediction method for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis systems.

[0183] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, further explanations and descriptions will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0184] A specific example is a 100kW proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production system, and its parameters are shown in Table 1:

[0185] Table 1. Relevant parameters of the proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production system

[0186]

[0187] A method for predicting the dynamic performance of a water electrolysis system using multiple parameters, the steps of which include:

[0188] Step 1: As Figure 3 As shown, based on the internal structure and reaction mechanism of the electrolytic reactor, electrochemical, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow and thermodynamic models of the electrolytic reactor are established.

[0189] (1)

[0190] Equation (1) can be used to calculate the concentration of dissolved gas in the flow channel of the electrolytic reactor. Wherein, The components of the dissolved gas include hydrogen ( ) and oxygen ( ), This represents the concentration of dissolved gases in the flow channel of the electrolytic reactor. This represents the number of electrolytic cells in the electrolytic reactor. Indicates cathode ( ) or anode ( ), This is the inlet flow rate of the electrolytic reactor. The inlet liquid saturation of the electrolytic reactor. This refers to the dissolved concentration of the gas at the inlet of the electrolytic reactor. This refers to the outlet flow rate of the electrolytic reactor. The saturation level of the electrolytic reactor flow channel. This refers to the dissolved concentration of the gas at the electrolytic reactor outlet. The flow channel area, The thickness is the flow channel thickness. This represents the reaction source term for hydrogen and oxygen. This represents the source term for the transport of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0191] (2)

[0192] (3)

[0193] Equation (2) can be used to calculate the hydrogen reaction source term, and equation (3) can be used to calculate the hydrogen reaction source term. Wherein, This refers to the current in the electrolytic reactor. is the Faraday constant, with a value of 96487 C / mol.

[0194] (4)

[0195] Equation (4) can be used to calculate the material transport source terms for hydrogen and oxygen. Among them, The gas dissolution and escape coefficient, This represents the saturated dissolved concentration of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0196] (5)

[0197] Equation (5) can be used to calculate the partial pressure of gas phase components in the flow channel of the electrolytic reactor. Wherein, It is a gaseous component, including hydrogen ( ),oxygen( ) and water vapor ( ), The partial pressure of gas in the flow channel of the electrolytic reactor, For the partial pressure of the gas at the inlet of the electrolytic reactor, This refers to the temperature of the electrolytic reactor flow channel. The internal temperature of the heater. The term represents the transport source of matter, including hydrogen, oxygen, and water vapor. The gas constant is 8.314 J / (mol·K).

[0198] (6)

[0199] Equation (6) can be used to calculate the mass transport source term of water vapor. Among them, The evaporation coefficient of water. This is the saturated vapor pressure of water.

[0200] (7)

[0201] Equation (7) can be used to calculate the liquid phase saturation in the electrolytic reactor flow channel. Wherein, Let be the molar volume of water, taking the value of . m 3 / mol, For the reaction source term of liquid water, This is a drag source item for the electroosmosis of liquid water.

[0202] (8)

[0203] (9)

[0204] Equation (8) can be used to calculate the reaction source term of liquid water, and equation (9) can be used to calculate the electroosmotic drag source term of liquid water. Wherein, This represents the electroosmotic drag coefficient.

[0205] (10)

[0206] Based on the partial pressure calculation results of each gas component in equation (5), the total pressure of the electrolytic reactor can be determined by equation (10). Wherein, This represents the total pressure of the electrolytic reactor.

[0207] (11)

[0208] Equation (11) can be used to calculate the temperature of the electrolytic reactor. Wherein, The heat capacity of the electrolytic reactor. The temperature of the electrolytic reactor. This is the heat source for electrolysis in the electrolytic reactor. This serves as a heat dissipation source for the electrolytic reactor and the environment. This is the heat exchange source for cooling the fluid in the electrolytic reactor and the flow channel.

[0209] (12)

[0210] (13)

[0211] (14)

[0212] Equation (12) can be used to calculate the electrolytic heat source term of the electrolytic reactor, Equation (13) can be used to calculate the heat dissipation term between the electrolytic reactor and the environment, and Equation (14) can be used to calculate the cooling heat exchange term between the electrolytic reactor and the fluid in the flow channel. Among these, This refers to the electrolytic reactor voltage. For ambient temperature, The surface heat transfer coefficient of the electrolytic reactor. The heat transfer coefficient between the electrolytic reactor and the anode flow channel fluid is denoted as . The heat transfer coefficient between the electrolytic reactor and the cathode flow channel fluid is denoted as .

[0213] (15)

[0214] Equation (15) can be used to calculate the flow channel temperature of the electrolytic reactor. Wherein, The heat capacity of the flow channel in the electrolytic reactor. Let be the specific heat capacity of liquid water. This is the density of liquid water.

[0215] Step 2: As Figure 4 As shown, based on the physical structure and working principle of the gas-liquid separator, gas-liquid separation, volume, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow, and thermodynamic models of the gas-liquid separator are established.

[0216] (16)

[0217] (17)

[0218] Equations (16) and (17) represent the gas separation efficiencies ( ). ) and liquid separation efficiency ( ).in, This refers to the saturation level of the gas-liquid mixture entering the top cavity of the separator after gas-liquid separation. This refers to the saturation level of the gas-liquid mixture that enters the liquid at the bottom of the separator after gas-liquid separation.

[0219] (18)

[0220] (19)

[0221] Flow rate into the top cavity of the separator and the flow rate of the liquid at the bottom of the separator It can be obtained by solving equations (18, 19) simultaneously.

[0222] (20)

[0223] Equation (20) can be used to calculate the liquid volume at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator. Wherein, This refers to the liquid volume at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator. The total pressure of the gas-liquid separator. The temperature of the gas-liquid separator. The liquid saturation at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator. This represents the outlet flow rate from the gas-liquid separator to the communicating vessel. The water supply and drainage flow rates for the water supply valve and the drain valve.

[0224] (twenty one)

[0225] Equation (21) can be used to calculate the concentration of dissolved gas in the liquid at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator. Wherein, This refers to the concentration of dissolved gas in the liquid at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator.

[0226] (twenty two)

[0227] Equation (22) can be used to calculate the saturation of the liquid at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator.

[0228] (twenty three)

[0229] Equation (23) can be used to calculate the saturation of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator. Wherein, This represents the saturation level of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator. This refers to the volume of the cavity at the top of the gas-liquid separator. This is the outlet flow rate of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator.

[0230] (twenty four)

[0231] Equation (24) can be used to calculate the partial pressure of the gas phase in the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator. Wherein, This refers to the partial pressure of the gas in the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator.

[0232] (25)

[0233] Equation (25) can be used to calculate the total pressure of the gas-liquid separator.

[0234] (26)

[0235] Equation (26) can be used to calculate the temperature of the gas-liquid separator. Wherein, The heat capacity of the gas-liquid separator. This is a heat dissipation source for the gas-liquid separator and the environment.

[0236] (27)

[0237] Equation (27) can be used to calculate the heat dissipation source term of the gas-liquid separator and the environment. Among them, denoted as the surface heat transfer coefficient of the gas-liquid separator.

[0238] Step 3: Based on the internal structure and flow mechanism of the heat exchanger and heater, establish the thermodynamic, phase equilibrium, and two-phase flow models of the heat exchanger and heater.

[0239] (28)

[0240] Equation (28) can be used to calculate the partial pressure of the gas phase inside the heat exchanger. Wherein, The partial pressure of the gas phase inside the heat exchanger. The saturation level of the liquid inside the heat exchanger. For heat exchanger volume, For heat exchanger temperature, This is the outlet flow rate of the heat exchanger.

[0241] (29)

[0242] Equation (29) can be used to calculate the concentration of dissolved gas in the heat exchanger. Wherein, This represents the concentration of dissolved gas within the heat exchanger.

[0243] (30)

[0244] Equation (30) can be used to calculate the liquid saturation in the heat exchanger.

[0245] (31)

[0246] Equation (31) can be used to calculate the total pressure inside the heat exchanger.

[0247] (32)

[0248] Equation (32) can be used to calculate the heat exchanger temperature. Wherein, For the heat capacity of the heat exchanger, For heat exchangers and the environment, This refers to the heat exchange source between the heat exchanger and the cooling water.

[0249] (33)

[0250] (34)

[0251] Equation (33) can calculate the heat dissipation source term between the heat exchanger and the environment, and Equation (34) can calculate the heat exchange source term between the heat exchanger and the cooling water. Among them, The surface heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger. For cooling water flow rate, This refers to the cooling water outlet temperature. This refers to the inlet temperature of the cooling water.

[0252] (35)

[0253] Equation (35) can be used to calculate the partial pressure of the gas phase inside the heater. Wherein, The partial pressure of the gas phase inside the heater, The liquid saturation level inside the heater. For heater volume, For heater temperature, This represents the heater outlet flow rate.

[0254] (36)

[0255] Equation (36) can be used to calculate the concentration of dissolved gas inside the heater. Wherein, This represents the concentration of dissolved gas inside the heater.

[0256] (37)

[0257] Equation (37) can be used to calculate the liquid saturation in the heater.

[0258] (38)

[0259] Equation (38) can be used to calculate the total pressure inside the heater.

[0260] (39)

[0261] Equation (39) can be used to calculate the heater temperature. Wherein, For the heat capacity of the heater, This is a heat dissipation source for the heater and the environment. This refers to the electric heating power source for the heater.

[0262] (40)

[0263] (41)

[0264] Equation (40) can calculate the heat dissipation source term of the heater and the environment, and Equation (41) can calculate the electric heating power source term of the heater. Wherein, The surface heat transfer coefficient of the heater. This refers to the electric heating power of the heater.

[0265] Step 4: Based on the flow channel structure and flow mechanism of the pipeline network, establish a flow distribution model for the pipeline network.

[0266] (42)

[0267] Equation (42) can be used to calculate the pipeline flow rate. Wherein, For pipeline flow, For liquid saturation, This is the friction factor along the pipeline. and These are the inlet and outlet pressures of the pipeline. This represents the length of the pipe.

[0268] Step 5: After establishing a multiphysics model of all system components, the resulting complete coupled model is used to predict the dynamic response characteristics of the proton exchange membrane water electrolysis system under different operating conditions. Given the system boundary conditions and initial parameters, this method can accurately and efficiently predict parameters such as hydrogen in oxygen, oxygen in hydrogen, temperature, flow rate, gas phase partial pressure, and liquid phase saturation in each component over a future period, providing a quantitative basis for system optimization control and safety early warning. Here, the hydrogen in oxygen (HTO) concentration represents the hydrogen gas fraction in the hydrogen-oxygen mixture, and the oxygen in hydrogen (OTH) concentration represents the oxygen volume fraction in the hydrogen-oxygen mixture, expressed as equations (43,44):

[0269] (43)

[0270] (44)

[0271] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the method of this invention accurately captures the dynamic response characteristics of multiple parameters in a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis system during dynamic operating condition testing. The predicted results of key parameters such as component pressure, reactor voltage, hydrogen concentration in oxygen, and separator level are in high agreement with experimental data. During system pressure changes, the model accurately reproduces the dynamic response characteristics of the reactor inlet pressure, hydrogen separator pressure, and oxygen separator pressure, and the error between the predicted curves and experimental data remains within the engineering allowable range. Furthermore, this invention successfully achieves simultaneous prediction of multiple parameters, including reactor operating voltage, hydrogen concentration in oxygen, and separator level, verifying the effectiveness of the electrochemical-thermodynamic-two-phase flow coupled model. Through the verification of multi-parameter dynamic prediction accuracy and full-system coupled simulation capability, this method fully demonstrates its practical value in the safe operation and performance optimization of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis systems.

[0272] Furthermore, the comprehensive predictive power of the multi-physics coupling model of the entire system in this invention is achieved by establishing refined physical models of the electrolytic reactor, gas-liquid separator, heat exchanger, heater, and pipeline network, and dynamically coupling them to construct a system-level simulation framework covering the entire "electrolysis-separation-heat exchange-circulation" chain. This model breaks through the limitations of traditional methods that are limited to single components or static operating conditions. It can comprehensively consider the strong coupling effect between electrochemical reactions, thermodynamic responses, phase equilibrium, and gas-liquid two-phase flow under wide power fluctuations, and achieves high-precision and high-efficiency dynamic prediction of key parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, gas phase partial pressure, liquid phase saturation, hydrogen in oxygen (HTO), and oxygen in hydrogen (OTH) within the system. This system-wide modeling approach effectively captures the dynamic interactions and influences between components (such as the impact of changes in the electric heating power of the heater on the temperature and partial pressure of the electrolytic reactor, and the effect of the cooling effect of the heat exchanger on the phase equilibrium within the gas-liquid separator), significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the prediction results and providing a comprehensive "digital twin" foundation for the safe operation of the system. The electrochemical-thermal-fluid multi-field coupling driving effect of the electrolytic reactor model serves as the core of energy conversion for the entire system. The electrolytic reactor model integrates four major physical fields—electrochemistry, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow, and thermodynamics—through equations (1) to (15). This model not only accurately describes the generation and transport processes of hydrogen and oxygen gases through reaction source terms (equations 2 to 4) and electroosmosis drag (equation 9), but also dynamically links thermodynamic processes such as electrolytic heat generation, environmental heat dissipation, and fluid cooling with electrochemical processes through heat source terms (equations 12 to 14) and temperature equations (equations 11, 15). This multi-field coupling mechanism ensures that the complete physical chain from electrical energy input to gas production and heat release is accurately characterized, providing the most fundamental driving force and constraints for the dynamic behavior of the entire system. The dynamic separation and volume balance of the gas-liquid separator model defines the separation efficiency of gas and liquid through equations (16) to (17), and dynamically calculates the liquid level, volume, dissolved gas concentration, saturation, pressure, and temperature inside the separator using equations (18) to (27). This model accurately simulates the non-ideal nature of the key gas-liquid separation process (i.e., 100% separation cannot be achieved), providing crucial input data for calculating HTO and OTH concentrations. Meanwhile, by dynamically calculating the bottom liquid volume (Equation 20), the model can realistically reflect the dynamic impact of system start-up and shutdown, water replenishment / drainage, and other operations on the separator liquid level, ensuring system pressure balance and operational safety. It is an important dynamic hub connecting the electrolysis core and the circulation system. The heat exchanger and heater models describe the cooling process of the heat exchanger and the heating process of the heater through Equations (28) to (41), respectively. These two models together constitute the system's active thermal management system.The heat exchanger model accurately calculates the cooling effect through the heat exchange source term with cooling water (Equation 34), effectively controlling the system temperature and preventing overheating; the heater model simulates the active heating process during system startup or low-power operation through the electric heating power source term (Equation 41), ensuring that the system operates within the optimal temperature range. Their precise control of system temperature directly affects gas solubility, reaction rate, and phase equilibrium, which is crucial for maintaining system stability and safety; the flow distribution and pressure transmission function of the pipeline model, through the flow distribution model of Equation (42), considers the influence of factors such as pipe friction resistance and inlet / outlet pressure difference on fluid flow. This model ensures that the material flow between different parts of the system is accurately reflected in the mathematical model, guaranteeing the continuity and consistency of flow and pressure in the entire circulation loop. As the "blood vessels" connecting the components, it dynamically transmits the local pressure and flow changes of each component to the entire system, which is an indispensable link in realizing the dynamic coupling of the entire system. The above-mentioned technologies are organically integrated to form a complete technical chain of "component mechanism modeling → dynamic coupling of the whole system → multi-parameter collaborative prediction", which provides strong theoretical support and decision-making basis for the safe, efficient and intelligent operation of water electrolysis system in the scenario of fluctuating renewable energy access.

[0273] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments and application fields described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and instructive, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms based on the guidance of this specification and without departing from the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention, and all of these are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for predicting the dynamic performance of a multi-parameter of a water electrolysis system, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: establishing an electrochemical, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow and thermodynamic model of the electrolysis stack according to the internal structure and reaction mechanism of the electrolysis stack; Step 2: establishing a gas-liquid separation, volume, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow and thermodynamic model of the gas-liquid separator according to the physical structure and working principle of the gas-liquid separator; Step 3: establishing a thermodynamic, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow model of the heat exchanger and heater according to the internal structure and flow mechanism of the heat exchanger and heater; Step 4: establishing a flow distribution model of the pipe network according to the flow channel structure and flow mechanism of the pipe network; Step 5: dynamically coupling the established models to form a full-system multi-physical field coupling model covering the electrolysis stack, gas-liquid separator, heat exchanger, heater and pipe network; after the boundary conditions and initial parameters of the system are given, the full-system multi-physical field coupling model is used to synchronously predict the dynamic response characteristics of the oxygen hydrogen concentration, hydrogen oxygen concentration, temperature, pressure, flow, gas phase partial pressure and liquid phase saturation in the system under different wide power fluctuation conditions.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein Preferably, in step 1, the establishment of the electrochemical, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow and thermodynamic model of the electrolysis stack comprises: (1) Cg = Cg0 + (Cg0 - Cg1) * exp(-V * A * L / Q) (1) Cg0 is the concentration of dissolved gas at the inlet of the electrolyzer stack, Cg is the concentration of dissolved gas in the flow channel of the electrolyzer stack, N is the number of electrolysis cells in the electrolyzer stack, Ccat is the concentration of the cathode, or the anode, , Qin is the flow rate at the inlet of the electrolyzer stack, Slin is the liquid saturation at the inlet of the electrolyzer stack, Cgin is the dissolved gas concentration at the inlet of the electrolyzer stack, Qout is the flow rate at the outlet of the electrolyzer stack, Sout is the saturation of the flow channel of the electrolyzer stack, Cgout is the dissolved gas concentration at the outlet of the electrolyzer stack, A is the flow channel area, L is the flow channel thickness, Ccat is the source term for hydrogen and oxygen at the cathode, Ccat is the source term for hydrogen and oxygen at the anode, (2) wherein, is the partial pressure of the gas phase components in the flow channel of the electrolyser stack, wherein, hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), and water vapour (H2O), is the partial pressure of the gas in the flow channel of the electrolyser stack, is the partial pressure of the gas at the inlet of the electrolyser stack, is the temperature of the flow channel of the electrolyser stack, is the temperature inside the heater, denotes the source term of the species transport of hydrogen, oxygen and water vapour, and is the gas constant, (3) wherein the liquid phase saturation in the flow channel of the electrolysis stack is calculated by formula (3) is the molar volume of water, is the reaction source term for liquid water, is the electroosmotic drag source term for liquid water, (4) The total pressure of the electrolysis stack is determined by equation (4) based on the partial pressure calculation results of each gas component of equation (2), wherein Ptotais the total pressure of the electrolysis stack, (5) wherein the temperature of the electrolysis stack is calculated by equation (5), Cp is the heat capacity of the electrolysis stack, T is the temperature of the electrolysis stack, Qelec is the electrolytic heat generation term of the electrolysis stack, Qenv is the heat dissipation term of the electrolysis stack to the environment, Qcool is the cooling heat exchange term of the electrolysis stack to the flow channel fluid, (6) Equation (6) calculates the temperature of the electrolyzer flow channel, where, Cp is the heat capacity of the electrolyzer flow channel, Cv is the specific heat capacity of liquid water, p is the density of liquid water.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein In step 2, the establishment of the gas-liquid separation, volume, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow and thermodynamic model of the gas-liquid separator comprises, (7) (8) Equations (7) and (8) are the gas separation efficiency and liquid separation efficiency where, is the gas-liquid mixture saturation entering the top cavity of the separator after gas-liquid separation, is the gas-liquid mixture saturation entering the bottom liquid of the separator after gas-liquid separation, (9) (10) Flow into the top cavity of the separator and the flow of liquid out of the bottom of the separator Obtained by simultaneous solution of equations (9, 10) (11) Vg = Vg + Vg (11) Vg = Vg + Vg (11) P = P + P (12) T = T + T (13) x = x + x (14) Q = Q + Q (15) Q = Q + Q (16) (12) The concentration of dissolved gas of the liquid at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator is calculated by Equation (12), wherein is the concentration of dissolved gas of the liquid at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator, (13) Formula (13) is used to calculate the saturation of the liquid at the bottom of the gas-liquid separator, (14) Equation (14) calculates the saturation of the gas-liquid separator top cavity, where, is the saturation of the gas-liquid separator top cavity, is the volume of the gas-liquid separator top cavity, is the outlet flow of the gas-liquid separator top cavity, (15) Pgas = Ptotal - Pliquid (15) where Pgas is the gas phase partial pressure of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator, Ptotal is the total pressure of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator, and Pliquid is the liquid phase partial pressure of the top cavity of the gas-liquid separator. Pgas = Ptotal - Pliquid (15) where Pgas is the gas (16) Formula (16) is used to calculate the total pressure of the gas-liquid separator, (17) The temperature of the gas-liquid separator is calculated by equation (17), where, Cp is the heat capacity of the gas-liquid separator, Q is the heat dissipation source term of the gas-liquid separator with the environment.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 3, the establishment of the thermodynamic, phase equilibrium, two-phase flow model of the heat exchanger and heater comprises, (18) Equation (18) calculates the gas phase partial pressure in the heat exchanger, where, is the gas phase partial pressure in the heat exchanger, is the liquid saturation in the heat exchanger, is the heat exchanger volume, is the heat exchanger temperature, is the heat exchanger outlet flow rate, (19) Equation (19) calculates the concentration of dissolved gas in the heat exchanger, where, is the concentration of dissolved gas in the heat exchanger, (20) Formula (20) is used to calculate the saturation of the liquid in the heat exchanger, (21) Formula (21) is used to calculate the total pressure in the heat exchanger, (22) The heat exchanger temperature is calculated by equation (22), where, is the heat capacity of the heat exchanger, is the heat sink term for the heat exchanger with the environment, is the heat source term for the heat exchanger with the cooling water, (23) wherein, is the gas phase partial pressure in the heater, is the liquid saturation in the heater, is the heater volume, is the heater temperature, is the heater outlet flow rate, (24) Equation (24) calculates the concentration of dissolved gas in the heater, where, is the concentration of dissolved gas in the heater, (25) Formula (25) is used to calculate the saturation of the liquid in the heater, (26) Formula (26) is used to calculate the total pressure in the heater, (27) wherein, is the heater heat capacity, is the heater heat loss to the environment, is the heater electrical heating power source term.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step 4, the establishment of the flow distribution model of the pipe network comprises, (28) Equation (28) calculates the pipe network flow rate, where, is the pipe network flow rate, is the liquid saturation, is the pipe frictional resistance coefficient, and is the pipe inlet pressure and outlet pressure, is the length of the pipe.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The oxygen hydrogen concentration represents the hydrogen volume fraction in the hydrogen-oxygen mixed gas, and the hydrogen oxygen concentration represents the oxygen volume fraction in the hydrogen-oxygen mixed gas. These two indexes are the indexes for evaluating the safety of the proton exchange membrane water electrolysis system, and their expressions are formula (29, 30): (29) (30) 。 7. The method of claim 1, wherein The model realizes the dynamic coupling of the system through the following control logic: Control logic 1: Oxygen liquid separator outlet flow Regulated by the set speed of the circulation pump to maintain system circulation; Control logic 2: feed water flow rate of feed water valve Switching control based on real-time liquid level of oxygen side gas-liquid separator, drain water flow rate of drain water valve Switching control based on real-time liquid level of hydrogen side gas-liquid separator to maintain system water balance; Control logic 3: Temperature at anode outlet of electrolysis stack Controlled by regulating the flow of cooling water of the heat exchanger and the electric heating power of the heater, The set values and control parameters in the control logic are obtained through experimental tests.

8. A system for carrying out the method of any one of claims 1-7, characterized by It comprises: a data input module for inputting the boundary conditions and initial parameters of the system; a model construction module for constructing the multi-physical field model of the electrolysis stack, gas-liquid separator, heat exchanger, heater and pipe network; a model coupling and prediction module for coupling the component models to form a full-system model and synchronously predicting the dynamic response characteristics of the key parameters; an output module for outputting the predicted multi-parameter dynamic response results.

9. A computer storage medium, characterized in that The storage medium comprises computer instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1-7.

10. An electronic device, comprising: The electronic device comprises: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any one of claims 1-7 when executing the program. The storage medium comprises computer instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1-7.

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