Reducing cutterhead and reducing method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of shield tunneling machines, and provides a variable-diameter cutterhead and a variable-diameter method.The variable-diameter cutterhead comprises a cutter rest, a plurality of first excavating mechanisms and a plurality of second excavating mechanisms; the first excavating mechanisms are arranged on the tool rest and can stretch out and draw back in the radial direction so as to adjust the excavating radius, and the second excavating mechanisms are fixed to the tool rest. Wherein each first digging mechanism comprises a plurality of detachable first cutters, and each second digging mechanism comprises a plurality of detachable second cutters; all the first cutters and all the second cutters are distributed at equal intervals with the center of the cutter rest as the circle center so that a continuous cutter path can be formed when the cutter head rotates to excavate, and the cutter distances in the cutter path are the same. According to the cutter head, the reducing procedure in a tunnel can be simplified.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of shield machines, and particularly relates to a variable-diameter cutter head and a variable-diameter method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In current tunnel construction technology, a variable-diameter shield machine can realize tunneling of multiple diameter sections by a single device, and the variable-diameter technology in a tunnel is gradually becoming popular and mainstream. As an important component in the variable-diameter process, the variable-diameter cutter head greatly limits the efficiency of the entire variable-diameter process.

[0003] In the prior art, the supplement method of the cutter of a large-diameter variable-diameter cutter head is relatively single and complex, and generally adopts the welding of a cutter box and the reservation in advance. After the diameter of the cutter head is changed, a new cutter box needs to be welded on the cutter head to realize the coverage of the cutter track after the diameter is changed, otherwise the cutter track will be sparse and discontinuous after the diameter of the cutter head is changed. Welding in a tunnel needs to consume a large amount of manpower and material resources, and the reservation of the cutter will also affect the arrangement of the normal cutter of the cutter head and cause an impact on the cutter head. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a variable-diameter cutter head which can simplify the variable-diameter process in a tunnel.

[0005] The technical scheme adopted by the present application to solve its technical problems is: A variable-diameter cutter head, comprising a cutter holder, a plurality of first digging mechanisms and a plurality of second digging mechanisms; all the first digging mechanisms are arranged on the cutter holder and can be extended and retracted in the radial direction to adjust the digging radius, and all the second digging mechanisms are fixed on the cutter holder; wherein each first digging mechanism comprises a plurality of detachable first cutters, and each second digging mechanism comprises a plurality of detachable second cutters; all the first cutters and all the second cutters are distributed at equal intervals with the center of the cutter holder as the center, so as to form a continuous cutter track when the cutter head rotates and digs, and the cutter spacing in the cutter track is the same.

[0006] One preferred scheme of the present application further comprises a third digging mechanism, which is arranged at the center of the cutter holder and is fixed with the cutter holder.

[0007] One preferred scheme of the present application, the first digging mechanism further comprises a sub-cutter beam, a mother cutter beam and a variable-diameter driving mechanism, the first cutter is arranged on the sub-cutter beam; the mother cutter beam is fixed on the cutter holder, and the sub-cutter beam is slidably arranged on the mother cutter beam; under the driving of the variable-diameter driving mechanism, the sub-cutter beam slides on the mother cutter beam to realize the radial movement away from or close to the center of the cutter holder.

[0008] Preferably, the mother blade beam is provided with a sliding groove, and guide grooves are provided on both sides of the sliding groove; the daughter blade beam is provided with protruding guide blocks on both sides, and the guide blocks are adapted to the guide grooves.

[0009] Preferably, the outer radial ends of the sub-blade beam are provided with detachable fixing structures on both sides, and the outer radial ends of the sub-blade beam are connected to the tool holder through the fixing structures; the outer radial ends of the sub-blade beam are provided with connecting structures for detachable connection with the fixing structures; the connecting structures can be connected to the fourth tool.

[0010] Preferably, a special-shaped seal and grease injection channel are provided between the sub-blade beam and the mother blade beam.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sum of the number of the first excavating mechanism and the second excavating mechanism is an even number, and the number of the first excavating mechanism and the second excavating mechanism is the same; the first excavating mechanism and the second excavating mechanism are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction.

[0012] A second objective of the present invention is to provide a diameter-changing method, which is implemented by the aforementioned diameter-changing cutter head.

[0013] A method for changing the diameter of the cutterhead when switching from a small-diameter digging state to a large-diameter digging state includes: The first excavating mechanism moves radially outward a preset distance S; If the preset distance S is n times the tool spacing X in the tool path, that is, S=n×X, by adding tools at the tool spacing of nX, disassembling some tools, or replacing some or all tools, the tool path after diameter change is still continuous and the tool spacing is still X; where n is an integer, and the number of cutting edges of the tools added or replaced after diameter change is more than the number of cutting edges of the original tools. If the preset distance S is n times the tool spacing X in the tool trajectory plus h, i.e. S = n × X + h, then by supplementing tools at the tool spacing of nX, disassembling some tools, or replacing some or all tools, a fourth tool is added to the radial outer end of the first digging mechanism to compensate for the distance h, so that the tool trajectory after the diameter change is still continuous and the tool spacing is still X; where n is an integer and h < X; the number of cutting edges of the tools supplemented or replaced after the diameter change is more than the number of cutting edges of the original tools.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The variable-diameter cutterhead of this invention utilizes a radially extendable first digging mechanism for widening the excavation, and a fixed second digging mechanism to maintain digging within a small diameter range, which is beneficial for achieving the same digging effect before and after the diameter change. All the cutters in the first and second digging mechanisms are spaced apart, resulting in a continuous cutter trajectory with equal spacing on the front of the cutterhead, ensuring optimal digging performance.

[0015] By using the tool layout method on the radius cutter head of the present invention, the tool head can maintain a continuous tool trajectory before and after the diameter change by replacing and supplementing the tools, and the tool spacing before and after the diameter change can be kept consistent. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of the variable diameter cutterhead of the present invention (small diameter digging state).

[0018] Figure 2 This is the frontal tool path of the variable diameter cutterhead of the present invention (small diameter digging state).

[0019] Figure 3 This is the frontal tool trajectory of the variable diameter cutterhead of the present invention (after diameter reduction and widening).

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sections of the primary and secondary cutter beams of the first excavating mechanism.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the first excavating mechanism and the fixed structure.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the first excavating mechanism and the fourth cutting tool.

[0023] Figure 7 This is another schematic diagram showing the connection between the first excavating mechanism and the fourth cutting tool.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a front view of the variable diameter cutterhead of the present invention (after diameter reduction and widening).

[0025] Figure 9 Rear view of the variable diameter cutterhead of the present invention (small diameter digging state).

[0026] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the sub-blade beam.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a 3D view of the cutterhead hidden behind the sub-cutter beam.

[0028] in: 1-First digging mechanism, 2-Second digging mechanism, 3-First cutting tool, 4-Second cutting tool, 5-Third digging mechanism, 6-Tool holder, 7-Fixed structure, 8-Tool beam, 9-Sub-tool beam, 10-Irregular seal, 11-Grease injection channel, 12-Variable diameter drive mechanism, 13-Connecting structure, 14-Fourth cutting tool, 15-Guide block, 16-Guide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention; the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0031] Example 1 See Figures 1-11 This embodiment discloses a variable-diameter cutterhead, including a cutter holder 6, several first digging mechanisms 1, and several second digging mechanisms 2. All first digging mechanisms 1 are mounted on the cutter holder 6 and can extend and retract radially to adjust the digging radius. All second digging mechanisms 2 are fixed to the cutter holder 6. Each first digging mechanism 1 includes multiple detachable first cutters 3, and each second digging mechanism 2 includes multiple detachable second cutters 4. All first cutters 3 and all second cutters 4 are evenly spaced around the center of the cutter holder 6 (i.e., the distance between all cutters and the center of the cutter holder 6 is equidistant), to achieve a continuous cutter trajectory during cutterhead rotation and digging, with the cutter spacing within the trajectory being the same. The cutter trajectory of the cutterhead can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 2 All cutting tools (including the first cutting tool 3 and the second cutting tool 4) are evenly spaced to form a continuous tool path, and the first cutting tool 3 and the second cutting tool 4 are also spaced apart in the tool path. In this embodiment, the initial first cutting tool 3 and the second cutting tool 4 of the cutter head are single-edged hobs.

[0032] The variable-diameter cutterhead in this embodiment also includes a third digging mechanism 5, which is disposed at the center of the cutterhead 6 and fixed to the cutterhead 6. The third digging mechanism 5 in this embodiment also includes multiple third cutters. For a detailed description of the third digging mechanism 5, please refer to the central cutter of the tunnel boring machine cutterhead in the prior art.

[0033] The first digging mechanism 1 in this embodiment also includes a sub-cutting beam 9, a main cutting beam 8, and a diameter-changing drive mechanism 12. The first cutting tool 3 is mounted on the sub-cutting beam 9; the main cutting beam 8 is fixed on the tool holder 6, and the sub-cutting beam 9 is slidably mounted on the main cutting beam 8. Under the drive of the diameter-changing drive mechanism 12, the sub-cutting beam 9 slides on the main cutting beam 8 to move radially away from or closer to the center of the tool holder 6. The main cutting beam 8 is provided with a sliding groove, and guide grooves 16 are provided on both sides of the sliding groove; the sub-cutting beam 9 is provided with protruding guide blocks 15 on both sides, and the guide blocks 15 are adapted to the guide grooves 16. The diameter-changing drive mechanism 12 in this embodiment uses a hydraulic cylinder, and the two ends of the hydraulic cylinder act on the main cutting beam 8 and the sub-cutting beam 9 respectively, so that when the hydraulic cylinder extends and retracts, it can drive the sub-cutting beam 9 to extend and retract radially to achieve the purpose of diameter change.

[0034] Furthermore, both sides of the radial outer end of the sub-blade beam 9 are provided with detachable fixing structures 7, and the radial outer end of the sub-blade beam 9 is connected to the tool holder 6 through the fixing structures 7; both sides of the radial outer end of the sub-blade beam 9 are provided with connecting structures 13 for detachable connection with the fixing structures 7; the connecting structures 13 can be connected to the fourth tool 14.

[0035] In this embodiment, the connecting structure 13 can be a screw hole or a through hole, etc., machined on both sides of the radial outer end of the sub-blade beam 9, such as... Figures 5-7 As shown. During the variable-diameter widening excavation, the fixed structure 7 is disassembled, and the sub-cutter beam 9 moves radially outward under the drive of the variable-diameter drive mechanism 12. At this time, a fourth cutter 14, such as a tearing cutter, can be installed using the connecting structure 13 of the sub-cutter beam 9 to achieve cutter trajectory compensation, ensuring that the trajectories of all cutters remain continuous and can reach the preset excavation radius.

[0036] Furthermore, a shaped seal 10 and a grease injection channel 11 are provided between the female blade beam 9 and the male blade beam 8. See also... Figure 4 A shaped seal 10 is provided at the matching position on the side of both the male cutter beam 9 and the female cutter beam 8. The form of the shaped seal 10 can be flexibly selected according to the actual situation. It can protect the inside of the male cutter beam 9 and the female cutter beam 8 from corrosion when the cutter head is in a small diameter state. The grease injection channel 11 facilitates the injection of lubricant.

[0037] Specifically, in this embodiment, the sum of the number of the first excavating mechanism 1 and the second excavating mechanism 2 is an even number, and the number of the first excavating mechanism 1 and the second excavating mechanism 2 is the same; the first excavating mechanism 1 and the second excavating mechanism 2 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction. Further, in this embodiment, there are three first excavating mechanisms 1 and three second excavating mechanisms 2, as shown below.Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown.

[0038] Other structural embodiments of the variable diameter cutterhead in this example can be found in the prior art.

[0039] Example 2 See Figures 1-11 This embodiment discloses a diameter-changing method, which is performed when the cutterhead changes from a small-diameter digging state to a large-diameter digging state, in the following manner: The first digging mechanism 1 moves radially outward a preset distance S; driven by the variable diameter drive mechanism 12, the sub-cutter beam 9 moves radially outward S. At this time, the cutters in both the first digging mechanism 1 and the second digging mechanism 2 are single-edged hobs.

[0040] If the preset distance S is n times the tool spacing X in the tool path, i.e. S=n×X, the tool path after diameter change is still continuous and the tool spacing is still X by one or more of the following methods: adding tools at the tool spacing of nX, disassembling some tools, or replacing some or all tools; where n is an integer; the number of cutting edges of the tools added or replaced after diameter change is more than the number of cutting edges of the original tools. In this embodiment, a double-edged hob can be selected.

[0041] For example, when n equals 2, the first cutter 3 moves radially outward by 2X. At this time, there is a distance of 2X between the two cutters. Therefore, one of the cutters can be replaced with a double-edged hob, and the distance at this point can be readjusted to X.

[0042] If the preset distance S is n times the tool spacing X in the tool path plus h, i.e., S = n × X + h, then by adding tools at the tool spacing of nX, disassembling some tools, or replacing some or all tools, a fourth tool 14 is added to the radial outer end of the first digging mechanism 1 to compensate for the distance h, so that the tool path after the diameter change is still continuous and the tool spacing is still X; where n is an integer, h < X; the number of cutting edges of the tools added or replaced after the diameter change is more than the number of cutting edges of the original tools; the fourth tool 14 can be a tearing tool. In this way, even if the preset distance S that the first digging mechanism 1 moves outward is not an integer multiple of X, the digging distance that needs to be supplemented can be placed at the radial outer end of the first digging mechanism 1 and compensated by installing the fourth tool 14, while the previous tool path can still be adjusted in a way that is a multiple of the tool spacing X.

[0043] The above-described cutter layout and diameter-changing method eliminates the need for welding additional cutter boxes to the cutterhead after diameter changes; only the cutters need to be replaced. Furthermore, this diameter-changing method offers a long range of possibilities, making the conversion between different cutterhead diameters for excavation convenient, simple, and quick.

[0044] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable diameter cutterhead, characterized by, The cutter holder, a plurality of first digging mechanisms and a plurality of second digging mechanisms; all the first digging mechanisms are arranged on the cutter holder and can be extended or retracted in the radial direction to adjust the digging radius, and all the second digging mechanisms are fixed on the cutter holder; wherein each first digging mechanism comprises a plurality of detachable first cutters, and each second digging mechanism comprises a plurality of detachable second cutters; all the first cutters and all the second cutters are distributed at equal intervals with the center of the cutter holder as the center, so as to form a continuous cutter track during the rotation of the cutter head, and the cutter spacing in the cutter track is the same.

2. The variable diameter cutter of claim 1, wherein, It also comprises a third digging mechanism arranged at the center of the cutter holder, and the third digging mechanism is fixed with the cutter holder. The third digging mechanism in this embodiment also comprises a plurality of third cutters.

3. The variable diameter cutter of claim 2, wherein, The first digging mechanism further comprises a sub-cutter beam, a mother cutter beam and a variable diameter driving mechanism, the first cutters are arranged on the sub-cutter beam, the mother cutter beam is fixed on the cutter holder, and the sub-cutter beam is slidably arranged on the mother cutter beam; under the driving of the variable diameter driving mechanism, the sub-cutter beam slides on the mother cutter beam to realize the radial movement away from or close to the center of the cutter holder.

4. The variable diameter cutter of claim 3, wherein, The mother cutter beam is provided with a sliding groove, and guide grooves are arranged on both sides of the sliding groove; the two sides of the sub-cutter beam are provided with protruding guide blocks, and the guide blocks are matched with the guide grooves.

5. The variable diameter cutter of claim 4, wherein, The two sides of the radial outer end of the sub-cutter beam are provided with detachable fixing structures, the radial outer end of the sub-cutter beam is connected with the cutter holder through the fixing structures; the two sides of the radial outer end of the sub-cutter beam are provided with connecting structures for detachable connection with the fixing structures; the connecting structures can be connected with the fourth cutters.

6. A variable diameter cutter as in any of claims 3-5, wherein, The sub-cutter beam and the mother cutter beam are provided with a special-shaped sealing and grease injection channel.

7. The variable diameter cutter of claim 5 wherein, The number of the first digging mechanism and the second digging mechanism is even, and the number of the first digging mechanism and the second digging mechanism is the same; the first digging mechanism and the second digging mechanism are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction.

8. A method of variable diameter based on the variable diameter cutter disc of claim 7, characterized by, When the cutter head is converted from a small-diameter digging state to a large-diameter digging state, it comprises: The first digging mechanism moves radially outward by a preset distance S; If the preset distance S is n times the cutter spacing X in the cutter track, that is, S=n×X, one or more of the following modes is used to supplement the cutter, disassemble part of the cutter, replace part or all of the cutter, so that the cutter track after variable diameter is still continuous and the cutter spacing is still X; wherein n is an integer, and the number of blades of the supplemented or replaced cutter is more than that of the original cutter; If the preset distance S is n times the cutter spacing X in the cutter track plus h, that is, S=n×X+h, one or more of the following modes is used to supplement the cutter, disassemble part of the cutter, replace part or all of the cutter, and at the same time, a fourth cutter is installed at the radial outer end of the first digging mechanism to compensate for the distance h, so that the cutter track after variable diameter is still continuous and the cutter spacing is still X; wherein n is an integer, hX; the number of blades of the supplemented or replaced cutter is more than that of the original cutter.

Images