Mine roadway support device capable of cooperatively regulating and controlling bearing

Abstract

The mine roadway support device comprises a first hydraulic supporting column and a second hydraulic supporting column which are sequentially connected in series from bottom to top and are independently controllable, the bottom of the first hydraulic supporting column is connected to a bottom plate inverted arch frame through a spherical hinge, a horizontal hydraulic jack is hinged to an arch foot, and the arch foot is hinged to a side bottom angle supporting plate; and active control of the lane side base angle is realized. The second hydraulic prop regulates and controls the pressure of the top plate to be transmitted downwards, a cylinder barrel part of the second hydraulic prop is connected with the supporting short beam through a supporting distribution structure, and multidirectional concentrated transmission of force is achieved. According to the full-section supporting system, by independently regulating and controlling all the hydraulic supporting columns, multi-direction transmission and cooperative transfer of supporting force among the top plate, the bottom plate, the roadway side and the bottom angle are achieved, and the full-section supporting system which is high in space utilization rate, detachable and capable of achieving asymmetric supporting and efficient active control is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine roadway support technology, specifically to a mine roadway support device with coordinated load control. Background Technology

[0002] In mine roadway support, traditional hydraulic supports and I-beam supports usually have the following problems: (1) The support direction is singular, mainly bearing the vertical pressure of the roof, and the control ability of the roadway side, floor heave and bottom corner is insufficient; (2) The force is unbalanced, and it is easy to become unstable under asymmetrical pressure conditions; (3) The structure is fixed, the space utilization rate is low, and it is difficult to carry out multiple and flexible coordinated control according to the roadway deformation; (4) The cost is high, the disassembly and assembly are inconvenient, and the reuse rate is low.

[0003] While existing technologies offer various composite support solutions, most suffer from complex structures and lack effective mechanical linkage and coordinated control mechanisms between support components. This results in low support efficiency, high costs, and difficulty in coping with complex and variable roadway surrounding rock conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a novel support device that can achieve coordinated force transmission and transfer across multiple directions and points, and is compact, adjustable, and controllable. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a mine roadway support device with coordinated load-bearing capacity, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art, such as fixed support structure, low space utilization, and difficulty in multiple and flexible active adjustments based on roadway convergence deformation.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A mine roadway support device with coordinated load control includes a first hydraulic support and a second hydraulic support. The first hydraulic support and the second hydraulic support are connected in series from bottom to top. The first hydraulic support and the second hydraulic support are independently connected to a hydraulic control system. They can be independently pressurized, maintained, and depressurized through an external hydraulic control system to achieve independent and coordinated control of the support force of each level of the support.

[0006] It also includes an anti-arch frame, hydraulic jacks, roof support short beams, and floating support structures. The bottom of the first hydraulic prop is connected to the anti-arch frame pre-constructed on the roadway floor via a ball joint. The anti-arch frame is a precast concrete component or a steel structure welded from structural steel. The ball joint connection allows the first hydraulic prop to swing in multiple directions within a certain range to adapt to minor unevenness of the floor. Two horizontally arranged hydraulic jacks are symmetrically hinged to the cylinder or piston rod of the first hydraulic prop. The output end of the hydraulic jack is hinged to the arch foot of the anti-arch frame. A corner support plate for supporting the roadway side corner is hinged to the arch foot of the anti-arch frame. The corner support plate is designed as an arc plate or an inclined plate to fit the rock surface of the roadway side corner.

[0007] The second hydraulic support is installed on the output end of the first hydraulic support. The output end of the second hydraulic support is used to directly bear the vertical pressure in the middle of the top plate. The cylinder part of the second hydraulic support is connected to a support distribution structure. The support distribution structure includes two symmetrically arranged short support columns and at least one lateral support column located on one side. The top ends of the short support columns and the lateral support columns are connected to the short beam of the top plate support. The short support columns and the lateral support columns are connected to the cylinder part of the second hydraulic support through ball joints or universal joints. The short support columns and the lateral support columns are connected to the short beam of the top plate support through ball joints or universal joints to achieve uniform force transmission and angle self-adaptation.

[0008] The output end of the second hydraulic support is hinged to the top plate support short beam, which is an I-beam, U-beam, or composite metal beam. The floating support structure is installed on the top plate support short beam to adapt to different support conditions.

[0009] The floating support structure includes a main bearing plate, a base gasket, and bags. The main bearing plate is installed on the top of the short beam supporting the top plate. The base gasket is installed on the main bearing plate to provide basic load-bearing capacity. The base gasket structure is a composite plate composed of a metal layer and an outer thick rubber layer. Several bags are installed on the base gasket. The bags are filled with a high-viscosity non-hardening paste, which can be hydraulic oil plus a thickener. When the top plate is uneven, the pressure causes the paste to flow, and the bags deform to fill the gaps.

[0010] It also includes arc-shaped steel shims. Several arc-shaped steel shims are spaced apart at the bottom of the base layer shims. The arc-shaped steel shims can be put in and taken out through the opening on the side of the main bearing plate. Several arc-shaped grooves are spaced apart at the bottom of the base layer shims. The arc-shaped grooves abut against the arc-shaped steel shims. The thickness of the arc-shaped steel shims can be adjusted to enhance the local support stiffness, thereby realizing the function of stabilizing the support of roofs of different shapes and adapting to different support conditions.

[0011] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a mine roadway support device for coordinated load control, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. In this invention, the design of a series-connected and independently controllable first and second hydraulic supports as the core force transmission shaft, combined with ball joints, horizontal hydraulic jacks, and sidewall / bottom corner support plates, as well as the design of the support distribution structure of the second hydraulic support cylinder, changes the traditional single-mode vertical pressure bearing support. When the roadway bottom corner deforms, the pressure of the first hydraulic support can be increased to suppress floor heave on the one hand, and drive the horizontal jacks to extend on the other hand, converting part of the roof pressure into an active lateral thrust on the roadway sidewall / bottom corner. When the roof experiences asymmetrical pressure, the pressure of the second hydraulic support can be independently adjusted to strengthen the support on the side with greater pressure through lateral support columns, thereby realizing multi-directional transmission, on-demand distribution, and active transfer of support force, forming a dynamic force balance system.

[0012] 2. In this invention, the floating support structure and design effectively adapt to the unevenness of the roof. During the support process, the paste inside the bag flows under pressure, ensuring full contact between the support surface and the roof rock surface, achieving uniform pressure. By replacing arc-shaped steel shims of different thicknesses through the side opening of the main bearing plate, the support rigidity can be locally enhanced, precisely addressing local protrusions or depressions in the roof. This allows a single device to stably support roadways with various cross-sectional shapes and surrounding rock conditions, improving the adaptability of the support system to complex roadway conditions and space utilization.

[0013] 3. In this invention, all hydraulic supports, jacks, and connectors (ball joints, universal joints) adopt standard or modular designs, and the anti-arch frame is pre-embedded. The main support is connected to the centralized control system through hydraulic pipelines, which facilitates underground transportation and assembly. This not only facilitates precise and repeated adjustment and control of support parameters based on monitoring data, but also makes the disassembly and transfer of the support flexible, safe, and convenient, thereby improving the reusability of the equipment and reducing long-term support costs. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram in this application; Figure 3 For this application Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure at point A; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the floating support structure in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the force transmission of the tunnel support device in this application.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. First hydraulic support; 2. Second hydraulic support; 5. Anti-arch frame; 6. Ball hinge; 7. Hydraulic jack; 8. Side and bottom corner support plate; 9. Top plate support short beam; 10. Support short column; 11. Lateral support column; 12. Main load-bearing plate; 13. Base layer gasket; 14. Bag; 15. Arc-shaped steel gasket; 16. Arc-shaped groove. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Please see Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a mine roadway support device with coordinated load control includes a first hydraulic support 1 and a second hydraulic support 2. The first hydraulic support 1 and the second hydraulic support 2 are connected in series from bottom to top. The first hydraulic support 1 and the second hydraulic support 2 are independently connected to the hydraulic control system. They can be independently pressurized, maintained, and depressurized through the external hydraulic control system to achieve independent and coordinated control of the support force of each level of support.

[0018] The rated working pressure and stroke of the first hydraulic support 1 and the second hydraulic support 2 both meet the design requirements.

[0019] It also includes an anti-arch frame 5, hydraulic jacks 7, roof support short beams 9, and floating support structures. The bottom of the first hydraulic support 1 is connected to the anti-arch frame 5 pre-constructed on the roadway floor through a ball hinge 6. The ball hinge connection allows the first hydraulic support 1 to swing in multiple directions within a certain range to adapt to the slight unevenness of the floor. On the cylinder or piston rod of the first hydraulic support 1, two horizontally arranged hydraulic jacks 7 are symmetrically hinged. The output end of the hydraulic jack 7 is hinged to the arch foot of the anti-arch frame 5. The arch foot of the anti-arch frame 5 is hinged to a corner support plate 8 for supporting the roadway side corner. The corner support plate 8 is in contact with the rock surface of the roadway side corner.

[0020] During the roadway pretreatment process, the anti-arch frame 5 needs to be designed and precast as a concrete anti-arch or welded into an anti-arch steel structure using U-shaped steel or I-beams, based on the lithology of the roadway floor and the estimated load. It can be embedded or anchored to the roadway floor. The side and bottom corner support plates 8 can be made into arc-shaped plates or inclined plates that fit the rock wall. The roof support short beams 9 can be cut from standard mining I-beams or U-shaped steel.

[0021] The second hydraulic support 2 is installed on the output end of the first hydraulic support 1. The output end of the second hydraulic support 2 is used to directly bear the vertical pressure in the middle of the top plate. The second hydraulic support 2 is installed on the output end of the first hydraulic support 1. A support distribution structure is connected to the cylinder part of the second hydraulic support 2. The support distribution structure includes two symmetrically arranged support short columns 10 and at least one lateral support column 11 located on one side. The top ends of the support short columns 10 and the lateral support column 11 are connected to the top plate support short beam 9. The support short columns 10 and the lateral support column 11 are connected to the cylinder part of the second hydraulic support 2 through ball joints or universal joints. The support short columns 10 and the lateral support column 11 are connected to the top plate support short beam 9 through ball joints or universal joints to achieve uniform force transmission and angle self-adaptation.

[0022] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the output end of the second hydraulic support 2 is hinged to a top plate support short beam 9. A floating support structure is installed on the top plate support short beam 9 to adapt to different support conditions. The floating support structure includes a main load-bearing plate 12, a base gasket 13, and a bag 14. The main load-bearing plate 12 is installed on the top of the top plate support short beam 9, and the base gasket 13 is installed on the main load-bearing plate 12 to provide basic load-bearing capacity. The base gasket 13 is composed of a metal layer and an outer thick rubber layer. The composite board has several bags 14 installed on the base gasket 13. The bags 14 are filled with high-viscosity non-hardening paste, which can be hydraulic oil + thickener. It also includes arc-shaped steel gaskets 15. Several arc-shaped steel gaskets 15 are spaced apart at the bottom of the base gasket 13. The arc-shaped steel gaskets 15 can be put in and taken out through the opening on the side of the main bearing plate 12. Several arc-shaped grooves 16 are spaced apart at the bottom of the base gasket 13. The arc-shaped grooves 16 abut against the arc-shaped steel gaskets 15.

[0023] When installing the roadway support device, first, the anti-arch frame 5 is firmly installed at the designed position on the roadway floor.

[0024] Then, the bottom of the first hydraulic prop 1 is installed in the center area of ​​the anti-arch frame 5 via ball hinge 6. Then, the two ends of the horizontal hydraulic jack 7 (that is, the output end and the bottom end of the cylinder) are respectively hinged to the cylinder body of the first hydraulic prop 1 and the arch foot of the anti-arch frame 5. Finally, the side corner support plate 8 is hinged to the arch foot and made to fit tightly against the side corner.

[0025] Then, the second hydraulic support 2 is hoisted and connected to the output end of the first hydraulic support 1 (the series connection can be achieved through mechanical connection methods such as flanges or clamps, while ensuring that the hydraulic circuit is independent).

[0026] The top of the second hydraulic support 2 is hinged to the middle of the top plate support short beam 9 or another location.

[0027] Subsequently, one end of the symmetrical support short column 10 and the single-sided lateral support column 11 are hinged to the connector on the cylinder part of the second hydraulic support 2, and the other end is hinged to the top plate support short beam 9.

[0028] Finally, all hydraulic supports and horizontal jacks are connected to the ground-based hydraulic pump station and independent control valve assembly via high-pressure hoses.

[0029] Working principle and control method: After installation, start the hydraulic system to apply initial preload to each hydraulic support.

[0030] Conventional support stage: Each hydraulic prop works under preset pressure to jointly support the short beam of the roof support, and maintains the preload on the bottom corner through the first hydraulic prop 1 and the horizontal jack.

[0031] Top plate pressure control: When the pressure in the middle of the top plate support short beam increases, the first hydraulic support 1, as the main load-bearing body, can directly transmit the pressure to the bottom plate. If the pressure on the top plate support short beam is asymmetrical, for example, if the pressure on the left side is greater, the pressure of the second hydraulic support 2 can be increased, and the left side of the top plate support short beam 9 can be provided with stronger support through the lateral support column 11, thus achieving asymmetrical compensation.

[0032] Corner control and regulation: If inward squeezing deformation is detected at the corner of the roadway sidewall, the working pressure of the first hydraulic prop 1 can be increased immediately. The first hydraulic prop 1 applies a greater downward force to the anti-arch frame 5. This force has two effects: first, it enhances the counter-pressure on the floor slab and suppresses floor heave; second, it pushes the horizontal hydraulic jack 7 to extend, causing the corner support plate 8 to exert a greater active lateral thrust on the corner rock mass, forcing it to restore stability. In this process, part of the pressure transmitted from the roof slab is transferred to control the corner, realizing the synergistic reuse of force.

[0033] Adapting to rock wall shape: After the roadway support device is installed, when the bag 14 contacts the roof rock wall, if the pressure of the short support beam in a certain area increases, the bag 14 at that point will be compressed. The pressure is transmitted through the main bearing plate 12. At this time, an independent pressure sensor can be installed inside the bag 14. By setting the pressure sensor, the specific pressure condition can be known. Then, by adjusting the thickness, number, and distribution of the arc-shaped steel shims 15 installed in the base shims 13, the local support stiffness can be adjusted and enhanced, thereby realizing the function of stabilizing the roof with different shapes and adapting to different support conditions.

[0034] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A mine roadway support device for synergistically regulating a load, comprising a first hydraulic prop (1) and a second hydraulic prop (2), characterized in that, The first hydraulic prop (1) and the second hydraulic prop (2) are sequentially arranged from bottom to top in series, and are both independently controllable hydraulic execution elements, and further comprising: An inverted arch frame (5), the first hydraulic prop (1) is connected to the inverted arch frame (5) of the roadway floor through a ball hinge (6); Two hydraulic jacks (7) are symmetrically hinged on the first hydraulic prop (1) and arranged horizontally, the output end of the hydraulic jack (7) is hinged with the arch foot of the inverted arch frame (5), and the arch foot of the inverted arch frame (5) is hinged with a floor corner support plate (8) for supporting the floor corner; A roof support short beam (9) is directly connected to the output end of the second hydraulic prop (2); A floating support structure is installed on the roof support short beam (9) for adapting to different support conditions.

2. The mine roadway support device of claim 1, wherein, The output end of the second hydraulic prop (2) is used to directly bear the roof pressure, the cylinder part of the second hydraulic prop (2) is connected with a support distribution structure, the support distribution structure comprises two symmetrical support short columns (10) and at least one unilateral lateral support column (11), and the top ends of the support short columns (10) and the lateral support column (11) are connected with the roof support short beam (9).

3. The mine roadway support device of claim 2, wherein, The support short columns (10) and the lateral support column (11) are connected with the cylinder part of the second hydraulic prop (2) through a ball hinge or a universal joint, and the support short columns (10) and the lateral support column (11) are connected with the roof support short beam (9) through a ball hinge or a universal joint.

4. The mine roadway support device of claim 1, wherein, The first hydraulic prop (1) and the second hydraulic prop (2) are both independently connected to a hydraulic control system, and can realize independent and collaborative control of the support force of each level.

5. The mine roadway support device of claim 1, wherein, The floating support structure comprises: A main bearing plate (12) is installed on the top of the roof support short beam (9); A base layer gasket (13) is installed on the main bearing plate (12) to provide basic bearing capacity; A plurality of capsules (14) are installed on the base layer gasket (13), and the capsules (14) are filled with high-viscosity non-hardening paste inside.

6. A mine roadway support device for coordinated regulation of load according to claim 5, characterized in that, Further comprising an arc-shaped steel gasket (15), a plurality of arc-shaped steel gaskets (15) are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the base layer gasket (13), the arc-shaped steel gaskets (15) are taken out through the opening on the side of the main bearing plate (12), and a plurality of arc-shaped grooves (16) are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the base layer gasket (13), and the arc-shaped grooves (16) abut against the arc-shaped steel gaskets (15).

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