Intelligently-controlled industrial exhaust system and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent control industrial exhaust system and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of industrial exhaust. Comprising a main exhaust assembly, the main exhaust assembly comprises an exhaust main pipe, the bottom of the exhaust main pipe communicates with a plurality of exhaust branch pipes, the exhaust branch pipes communicate with an exhaust unit, the exhaust unit comprises a monitoring section, and a gas collecting hood is fixedly installed at the bottom of the monitoring section; a photoelectric detector and a laser generator are fixedly installed at the two ends of the top of the monitoring section respectively, a harmful gas concentration detection sensor is arranged at the bottom of the photoelectric detector, and a second control box is fixedly installed on the outer side of the top end of the monitoring section. According to the system, the remote control terminal can be used for controlling the exhaust units to be opened or closed, automatic frequency conversion can be achieved according to the concentration of particulate matter or harmful gas in waste gas when the exhaust units are opened, the ventilator can be automatically adjusted according to work of the exhaust fans, the energy-saving effect is achieved, and high practical value is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial exhaust technology, specifically to an intelligent control industrial exhaust system and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial exhaust systems are complete sets of equipment used to control harmful gases, dust, or waste heat generated during industrial production processes. Through collection, transportation, purification, and emission, they achieve compliant emissions or recycling. Their core objective is to prevent pollutants from spreading into the workshop or atmosphere, protecting human health and environmental safety, while simultaneously meeting the air quality requirements of the production process.

[0003] Industrial exhaust systems often employ "timed start / stop" or "fixed airflow operation" control modes. Timed control starts and stops the fan at preset times, failing to respond to fluctuations in pollutant concentrations during actual production (e.g., continuous operation during process breaks when there are no emissions), resulting in significant wasted energy. Fixed airflow control keeps the fan running at a constant speed; when pollutant concentrations are low, excessive extraction leads to energy waste, while sudden increases in concentration may result in insufficient airflow causing emissions to exceed standards. Furthermore, multi-station exhaust systems (such as those with multiple pollution sources on a production line) typically use "unified start / stop" or "manual adjustment," making it difficult to accommodate the differentiated emission needs of different stations, further exacerbating energy consumption and control difficulties, and making them inconvenient to use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent control industrial exhaust system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the technical solution proposed by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An intelligent control industrial exhaust system includes a main exhaust assembly, which includes an exhaust main pipe. The bottom of the exhaust main pipe is connected to several exhaust branch pipes, each of which is connected to an exhaust unit. The exhaust unit includes a monitoring section. A gas collection hood is fixedly installed at the bottom of the monitoring section. A photoelectric detector and a laser generator are fixedly installed at both ends of the top of the monitoring section, respectively. A harmful gas concentration detection sensor is provided at the bottom of the photoelectric detector. An exhaust fan is fixedly installed on the inner side of the top of the monitoring section. An exhaust valve is fixedly installed on the top of the monitoring section, with its top connected to an exhaust branch pipe. A second control box is fixedly installed on the outer side of the top of the monitoring section. The second control box contains a data acquisition module, an AI edge controller, a communication module, a local cache module, and a central processing unit.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a ventilator is fixedly installed at one end of the exhaust pipe, and a total pressure sensor is fixedly installed inside the exhaust pipe near the ventilator.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first control box is provided on the outer side of the ventilator, and the first control box is provided with a data acquisition module, a communication module, a local cache module and a central processing unit.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the photodetector and the laser generator are fixedly installed with air curtain nozzles at their bottoms, and the top of the air curtain nozzles is provided with a slit.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one end of the air curtain nozzle is provided with a fixed air source interface, which is located outside the monitoring section.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a three-way valve is connected to the air source interface at the bottom of the photodetector, and a purge nozzle is connected to one end of the bottom of the three-way valve.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the purging nozzle is disposed inside the monitoring section and faces the end of the harmful gas concentration detection sensor.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top of the gas collecting hood, the top and bottom of the monitoring section, and the top and bottom of the exhaust valve are all provided with connecting flanges.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for using an intelligently controlled industrial exhaust system, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1, System Installation and Initial Configuration: Fix the gas collection hood directly above the pollution-generating workstation using the connecting flange, ensuring that the hood opening is close to the pollution source. Seal the bottom of the monitoring section to the gas collection hood using the connecting flange, and connect the top to the exhaust valve and exhaust branch pipe. Install a photoelectric detector, a laser generator, and a hazardous gas concentration detection sensor in the monitoring section. Connect the air source interface and three-way valve at the bottom of the laser generator to an external compressed air source to ensure that the air curtain nozzle and the purging nozzle receive a stable airflow.

[0016] Step Two, Intelligent Operation and Dynamic Control: The remote control terminal controls the opening of the exhaust unit at the corresponding workstation, and the exhaust fan starts, drawing the waste gas from the polluting workstation into the gas collection hood. The gas is then transported through the monitoring section to the photoelectric detector and laser generator. The laser generator emits a laser beam, and the photoelectric detector receives the scattered light signal. Simultaneously, the harmful gas concentration detection sensor outputs concentration data in real time. The data acquisition module of the second control box collects the signals from the laser generator, photoelectric detector, and harmful gas concentration detection sensor, and transmits them to the AI ​​edge controller. The AI ​​edge controller receives the raw data collected by the acquisition module and performs preprocessing, filtering out sensor noise, identifying valid pollution events, reducing data transmission volume through edge computing, and sending the processed data to the central processing unit in real time. The central processing unit runs an intelligent algorithm and adjusts the opening of the exhaust valve and the speed of the exhaust fan according to the data processed by the AI ​​edge controller. The first and second control boxes share data through the communication module to achieve collaborative control of the multi-workstation fan group. The data acquisition module of the first control box collects the signals uploaded by the total pressure sensor and the second control box, and transmits them to the central processing unit. The central processing unit adjusts the speed of the ventilation fan according to the collected data, coordinating with the exhaust fans of each exhaust unit.

[0017] Step 3, Self-cleaning maintenance and troubleshooting: The air curtain nozzles continuously spray air to form an isolation barrier on the surfaces of the photodetector and laser generator, preventing the deposition of exhaust gas particles. The three-way valve distributes the airflow, and the purge nozzles directionally spray airflow onto the surface of the harmful gas concentration detection sensor to remove adhering substances. The local cache module of the second control box records historical concentration data. The AI ​​edge controller analyzes the sensor cleaning effect. If the concentration data is abnormal, an alarm is automatically triggered and pushed to the remote control terminal. The monitoring section is disassembled through the connecting flange to check whether the air curtain nozzle slits are blocked and whether the purge nozzles are aligned with the sensor.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This intelligent control industrial exhaust system, through the setting of the main exhaust pipe, facilitates the connection of all exhaust branch pipes, concentrating and transporting dispersed waste gas to the ventilation fan. The setting of the exhaust branch pipes facilitates the introduction of waste gas from each exhaust unit into the main exhaust pipe. The setting of the monitoring section facilitates the integration of a laser generator, photoelectric detector, and harmful gas concentration sensor for real-time analysis of waste gas composition. The setting of the gas collection hood facilitates its placement at the workstation, covering the pollution source and guiding the waste gas into the monitoring section. The photoelectric detector and laser generator facilitate the laser generator to emit a specific wavelength laser that penetrates the waste gas within the monitoring section, while the photoelectric detector receives the laser signal scattered by the waste gas and converts it into an electrical signal. Both work together to monitor the particulate matter concentration in the waste gas. The harmful gas concentration sensor facilitates the detection of harmful gas concentrations in the waste gas, converting the harmful gas concentration signal into an electrical signal to provide a basis for intelligent adjustment. The setting of the exhaust fan facilitates the provision of airflow power, drawing in the waste gas captured by the gas collection hood and transporting it to the exhaust valve. The setting of the exhaust valve facilitates the control of the waste gas flow direction; when open, the waste gas enters the branch pipe, and when closed, it blocks... The airflow interruption allows exhaust gas inside the exhaust pipe to be discharged through the corresponding gas collection hood when the exhaust fan is turned off. The second control box facilitates the data acquisition module to collect signals from the laser generator, photodetector, and harmful gas concentration detection sensor, transmitting them to the AI ​​edge controller. The AI ​​edge controller receives the raw data collected by the acquisition module, performs preprocessing, filters sensor noise, identifies valid pollution events, reduces data transmission volume through edge computing, and sends the processed data to the central processing unit in real time. The central processing unit runs intelligent algorithms to adjust the opening of the exhaust valve and the speed of the exhaust fan based on the data processed by the AI ​​edge controller. The communication module enables communication between the second control box and the external remote control terminal and the first control box, synchronizing data and allowing users to remotely control the opening and closing of the exhaust unit. The local cache module stores monitoring data for historical retrieval. This invention allows for remote control of the opening and closing of each exhaust unit. When the exhaust unit is open, it can automatically adjust its frequency according to the concentration of particulate matter or harmful gases in the exhaust gas. The ventilation fan can automatically adjust according to the operation of each exhaust fan, achieving energy saving and possessing high practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an intelligent control industrial exhaust system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the exhaust unit disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the air curtain nozzle disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is an internal system diagram of the first control box disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is an internal system diagram of the second control box disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Main exhaust assembly; 11. Main exhaust pipe; 12. Branch exhaust pipe; 13. Ventilation fan; 14. First control box; 2. Exhaust unit; 21. Monitoring section; 22. Second control box; 23. Harmful gas concentration detection sensor; 24. Photodetector; 25. Laser generator; 26. Exhaust fan; 27. Exhaust valve; 28. Gas collection hood; 29. ​​Air curtain nozzle; 210. Gas source interface; 211. Three-way valve; 212. Purge nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 5This invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent controlled industrial exhaust system, including a main exhaust assembly 1. The main exhaust assembly 1 includes an exhaust pipe 11, which facilitates the connection of all exhaust branch pipes 12 to centrally transport dispersed exhaust gases to a ventilator 13. Several exhaust branch pipes 12 are connected to the bottom of the exhaust pipe 11, facilitating the introduction of exhaust gases from each exhaust unit 2 into the exhaust pipe 11. Each exhaust branch pipe 12 is connected to an exhaust unit 2, which includes a monitoring section 21. The monitoring section 21 facilitates the integration of a laser generator 25, a photoelectric detector 24, and a harmful gas concentration sensor 23 for real-time analysis of exhaust gas composition. A gas collection hood 28 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the monitoring section 21. The device is conveniently located at the workstation, covering the pollution source, and directs the exhaust gas into the monitoring section 21. A photoelectric detector 24 and a laser generator 25 are fixedly installed at both ends of the top of the monitoring section 21. The photoelectric detector 24 and laser generator 25 allow the laser generator 25 to emit a specific wavelength laser that penetrates the exhaust gas within the monitoring section 21. The photoelectric detector 24 receives the laser signal scattered by the exhaust gas and converts it into an electrical signal (using a pre-stored scattered light intensity-PM10 concentration calibration curve to convert the electrical signal into an electrical signal representing the particulate matter concentration). Both work together to monitor the particulate matter concentration in the exhaust gas. A harmful gas concentration detection sensor 23 is located at the bottom of the photoelectric detector 24, facilitating the detection of the concentration of harmful gases (such as SO2 and NO) in the exhaust gas. xThe system converts harmful gas concentration signals into electrical signals to provide a basis for intelligent regulation. An exhaust fan 26 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the top of monitoring section 21. The exhaust fan 26 provides airflow power to draw in the exhaust gas captured by the gas collection hood 28 and deliver it to the exhaust valve 27. An exhaust valve 27 is also fixedly installed on the top of monitoring section 21. The exhaust valve 27 facilitates control of the exhaust gas flow direction; when open, the exhaust gas enters the branch pipe, and when closed, it blocks the airflow, allowing the exhaust gas inside the exhaust main pipe 11 to be discharged from the corresponding gas collection hood 28 when the exhaust fan 26 is closed. The top of the exhaust valve 27 is connected to the exhaust branch pipe 12. A second control box is fixedly installed on the outer side of the top of monitoring section 21. 22. The second control box 22 houses a data acquisition module, an AI edge controller, a communication module, a local cache module, and a central processing unit. The second control box 22 facilitates the data acquisition module's acquisition of signals from the laser generator 25, photodetector 24, and hazardous gas concentration detection sensor 23, transmitting these signals to the AI ​​edge controller. The AI ​​edge controller receives the raw data acquired by the acquisition module and performs preprocessing, filtering out sensor noise and identifying valid pollution events (e.g., when the AI ​​edge controller runs a lightweight control algorithm based on threshold judgment and moving average filtering, if the output signal of the hazardous gas concentration detection sensor 23 exceeds a preset threshold of 5 for 3 consecutive seconds). When the concentration reaches mg / m³, it is determined to be a valid pollution event. A standardized data packet (including timestamp, concentration value, and workstation ID) is generated. By reducing the amount of data transmission through edge computing, the processed data is sent to the central processing unit in real time. The central processing unit runs an intelligent algorithm to adjust the opening degree of the exhaust valve 27 and the speed of the exhaust fan 26 according to the data processed by the AI ​​edge controller. The communication module realizes communication between the second control box 22 and the external remote control terminal and the first control box 14 for data synchronization and user remote control of the opening and closing of the exhaust unit 2. The local cache module stores the monitoring data for historical query.

[0027] As an embodiment of the present invention, a fan 13 is fixedly installed at one end of the exhaust pipe 11, and a total pressure sensor is fixedly installed inside the exhaust pipe 11 near the fan 13. The fan 13 and the total pressure sensor facilitate the connection between the fan 13 and the external exhaust gas treatment equipment. The fan 13 provides the main exhaust power to transport the exhaust gas from the exhaust pipe 11 to the external exhaust gas treatment equipment. The total pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure of the exhaust pipe 11 in real time to prevent pressure buildup caused by the closure of multiple exhaust branches 12 (for example, when the total pressure sensor detects that the negative pressure inside the exhaust pipe 11 is lower than -2500 Pa, the central processing unit of the first control box 14 automatically reduces the speed of the fan 13 by 10%, and re-detects after a delay of 5 seconds until the pressure returns to normal).

[0028] As an embodiment of the present invention, a first control box 14 is provided on the outer side of the ventilator 13, and the first control box 14 is provided with a data acquisition module, a communication module, a local cache module and a central processing unit. The setting of the first control box 14 facilitates the communication module to realize communication connection with the first control box 14 and the second control box 22 to synchronize data. The data acquisition module collects the signals uploaded by the total pressure sensor and the second control box 22 and transmits them to the central processing unit. The central processing unit adjusts the speed of the ventilator 13 according to the collected data, and coordinates with the exhaust fans 26 of each exhaust unit 2 to adjust, thereby saving energy. The local cache module stores system operation data for fault diagnosis.

[0029] As an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of both the photodetector 24 and the laser generator 25 are fixedly installed with air curtain nozzles 29. The top of the air curtain nozzles 29 is provided with a slit. By setting the air curtain nozzles 29, it is convenient to spray high-pressure gas from the slit to form an air curtain barrier, preventing dust from adhering and affecting the monitoring accuracy of the laser generator 25 and the photodetector 24.

[0030] As an embodiment of the present invention, the air curtain nozzle 29 is further provided with a fixedly installed air source interface 210 at one end. The air source interface 210 is located outside the monitoring section 21. The setting of the air source interface 210 facilitates the connection with an external air source to provide a high-pressure air source for the air curtain nozzle 29, thereby ensuring the strength of the air curtain.

[0031] As an embodiment of the present invention, the air source interface 210 at the bottom of the photodetector 24 is further connected to a three-way valve 211, and one end of the bottom of the three-way valve 211 is connected to a purge nozzle 212. The three-way valve 211 facilitates connection to an external air source and allows a portion of the high-pressure air source to flow periodically to the purge nozzle 212.

[0032] As an embodiment of the present invention, the purging nozzle 212 is further disposed inside the monitoring section 21 and faces one end of the harmful gas concentration detection sensor 23. By disposing of the purging nozzle 212, it is convenient to spray high-pressure gas toward the harmful gas concentration detection sensor 23 to remove dust from the surface and prevent dust adhesion from causing false detection.

[0033] As an embodiment of the present invention, the top of the gas collection hood 28, the top and bottom of the monitoring section 21, and the top and bottom of the exhaust valve 27 are all provided with connecting flanges. The connection flanges facilitate ensuring the airtightness of the system, preventing exhaust gas leakage, and supporting quick disassembly and maintenance.

[0034] This invention provides a method for using an intelligently controlled industrial exhaust system, comprising the following steps:

[0035] Step 1, System Installation and Initial Configuration: Fix the gas collection hood 28 directly above the pollution-generating workstation using the connecting flange, ensuring that the hood opening is close to the pollution source. Seal the bottom of the monitoring section 21 to the gas collection hood 28 using the connecting flange, and connect the top to the exhaust valve 27 and exhaust branch pipe 12. Install the photoelectric detector 24, laser generator 25, and harmful gas concentration detection sensor 23 on the monitoring section 21. Connect the air source interface 210 and three-way valve 211 at the bottom of the laser generator 25 to an external compressed air source, ensuring that the air curtain nozzle 29 and the purge nozzle 212 receive a stable airflow.

[0036] Step Two, Intelligent Operation and Dynamic Control: The remote control terminal controls the exhaust unit 2 of the corresponding workstation to open, and the exhaust fan 26 starts, drawing the waste gas from the polluting workstation into the gas collection hood 28. The gas is then transported through the monitoring section 21 to the photodetector 24 and the laser generator 25. The laser generator 25 emits a laser beam, and the photodetector 24 receives the scattered light signal. Simultaneously, the harmful gas concentration detection sensor 23 outputs concentration data in real time. The data acquisition module of the second control box 22 collects the signals from the laser generator 25, the photodetector 24, and the harmful gas concentration detection sensor 23, and transmits them to the AI ​​edge controller. The AI ​​edge controller receives the raw data collected by the acquisition module and performs preprocessing, filtering out... Sensor noise is detected to identify valid pollution events. Edge computing reduces data transmission volume, and the processed data is sent to the central processing unit in real time. The central processing unit runs intelligent algorithms and adjusts the opening of the exhaust valve 27 and the speed of the exhaust fan 26 according to the data processed by the AI ​​edge controller. The first control box 14 and the second control box 22 share data through the communication module to realize the collaborative control of the multi-station fan group. The data acquisition module of the first control box 14 collects the signals uploaded by the total pressure sensor and the second control box 22 and transmits them to the central processing unit. The central processing unit adjusts the speed of the ventilator 13 according to the collected data and adjusts it in coordination with the exhaust fans 26 of each exhaust unit 2.

[0037] Step 3, Self-cleaning maintenance and troubleshooting: The air curtain nozzle 29 continuously sprays an air curtain, forming an isolation barrier on the surfaces of the photodetector 24 and the laser generator 25 to prevent the deposition of exhaust gas particles. The three-way valve 211 distributes the airflow, and the purge nozzle 212 sprays the airflow in a directional manner to the surface of the harmful gas concentration detection sensor 23 to remove the adhering substances. The local cache module of the second control box 22 records historical concentration data. The AI ​​edge controller analyzes the sensor cleaning effect. If the concentration data is abnormal, an alarm is automatically triggered and pushed to the remote control terminal. The monitoring section 21 is disassembled through the connecting flange to check whether the slits of the air curtain nozzle 29 are blocked and whether the purge nozzle 212 is aligned with the sensor.

Claims

1. An intelligently controlled industrial exhaust system, characterized in that, The utility model provides an industrial exhaust system of intelligent control, including main exhaust component (1), main exhaust component (1) includes exhaust main pipe (11), and the bottom of exhaust main pipe (11) is communicated with several exhaust branch pipes (12), and exhaust branch pipe (12) is communicated with exhaust unit (2), and exhaust unit (2) includes monitoring section (21), and the bottom of monitoring section (21) is fixedly installed with gas collection cover (28), and the top of monitoring section (21) is fixedly installed with photoelectric detector (24) and laser generator (25) respectively in both ends, and the bottom of photoelectric detector (24) is equipped with harmful gas concentration detection sensor (23), and the top inboard of monitoring section (21) is fixedly installed with exhaust fan (26), and the top of monitoring section (21) is fixedly installed with exhaust valve (27), and the top of exhaust valve (27) is communicated with exhaust branch pipe (12), and the top outboard of monitoring section (21) is fixedly installed with second control box (22), and the inside of second control box (22) is equipped with data acquisition module, AI edge controller, communication module, local cache module and central processing unit.

2. An intelligent controlled industrial exhaust system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The one end of the exhaust main pipe (11) is fixedly installed with a ventilator (13), and the inside of the exhaust main pipe (11) near the one end of the ventilator (13) is fixedly installed with a total pressure sensor.

3. An intelligent controlled industrial exhaust system as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The outside of the ventilator (13) is provided with a first control box (14), and the inside of the first control box (14) is provided with a data acquisition module, a communication module, a local cache module and a central processing unit.

4. The intelligent controlled industrial exhaust system of claim 1, wherein, The bottom of the photoelectric detector (24) and the laser generator (25) is fixedly installed with an air curtain nozzle (29), and the top of the air curtain nozzle (29) is provided with a slit.

5. An intelligent controlled industrial exhaust system as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The one end of the air curtain nozzle (29) is provided with a gas source interface (210) fixedly installed, and the gas source interface (210) is arranged outside the monitoring section (21).

6. An intelligent controlled industrial exhaust system as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The gas source interface (210) arranged at the bottom of the photoelectric detector (24) is communicated with a three-way valve (211), and the one end of the bottom of the three-way valve (211) is communicated with a blowing nozzle (212).

7. An intelligent controlled industrial exhaust system as claimed in claim 6, wherein, The blowing nozzle (212) is arranged inside the monitoring section (21), and the blowing nozzle (212) is directed to the one end of the harmful gas concentration detection sensor (23).

8. The intelligent controlled industrial exhaust system of claim 1, wherein, The top of the gas collection cover (28), the top and the bottom of the monitoring section (21), and the top and the bottom of the exhaust valve (27) are all provided with a connecting flange.

9. A method of using an intelligently controlled industrial exhaust system, characterized by, As applied to any one of claims 1-8, an intelligent control industrial exhaust system comprises the following steps: Step one, system installation and initial configuration: the gas collection cover (28) is fixed above the pollution source through the connecting flange, ensuring that the cover opening is close to the pollution source, the bottom of the monitoring section (21) is sealed connected with the gas collection cover (28) through the connecting flange, the top is communicated with the exhaust valve (27) and the exhaust branch pipe (12), the photoelectric detector (24), the laser generator (25) and the harmful gas concentration detection sensor (23) are installed in the monitoring section (21), the gas source interface (210) at the bottom of the laser generator (25) and the three-way valve (211) are connected with the external compressed air source, ensuring that the air curtain nozzle (29) and the blowing nozzle (212) obtain stable airflow; Step two, intelligent operation and dynamic regulation: Remote control terminal controls the exhaust unit (2) of the corresponding work station to open, and the exhaust fan (26) starts to suck the waste gas of the pollution production work station into the gas hood (28), which is transported to the photoelectric detector (24) and the laser generator (25) through the monitoring section (21). The laser generator (25) emits a laser beam, and the photoelectric detector (24) receives the scattered light signal. At the same time, the harmful gas concentration detection sensor (23) outputs real-time concentration data. The data acquisition module of the second control box (22) collects the signals of the laser generator (25), the photoelectric detector (24) and the harmful gas concentration detection sensor (23), and transmits them to the AI edge controller. The AI edge controller receives the original data collected by the acquisition module and performs preprocessing to filter out sensor noise and identify effective pollution events. Through edge computing, the data transmission amount is reduced, and the processed data is sent to the central processing unit in real time. The central processing unit runs an intelligent algorithm and adjusts the opening of the exhaust valve (27) and the speed of the exhaust fan (26) according to the data processed by the AI edge controller. The first control box (14) and the second control box (22) share data through the communication module to realize collaborative control of the multi-station fan group. The data acquisition module of the first control box (14) collects the signals uploaded by the total pressure sensor and the second control box (22), and transmits them to the central processing unit. The central processing unit adjusts the speed of the ventilation fan (13) according to the collected data, and adjusts the exhaust fan (26) of each exhaust unit (2). Step three, self-cleaning maintenance and fault handling: The air curtain nozzle (29) continuously sprays air curtain to form an isolation barrier on the surface of the photoelectric detector (24) and the laser generator (25), preventing waste gas particles from depositing. The three-way valve (211) distributes air flow, and the blowing nozzle (212) directs air flow to the surface of the harmful gas concentration detection sensor (23) to remove adhesives. The local cache module of the second control box (22) records historical concentration data, and the AI edge controller analyzes the cleaning effect of the sensor. If the concentration data is abnormal, it automatically triggers an alarm and pushes it to the remote control terminal. The monitoring section (21) is disassembled through the connecting flange to check whether the air curtain nozzle (29) slit is blocked and whether the blowing nozzle (212) is aligned with the sensor.

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