Battery electric leakage detection system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery leakage detection system and method. The battery leakage detection system comprises a pulse generator, a voltage detector and an arithmetic device. The pulse generator is connected to positive and negative electrodes of the battery. The voltage detector is used for detecting a plurality of detection voltage values when the battery is not connected to a load, or detecting a response voltage signal when the pulse signal from the pulse generator is applied to the battery. The arithmetic device is connected to the voltage detector and used for calculating a plurality of voltage deviation values of the detection voltage value in a plurality of continuous time intervals and judging that the battery leaks electricity when one of the voltage deviation values is larger than a preset threshold value.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a battery detection system and method, in particular to a battery leakage detection system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Due to the requirement of net zero carbon emission, batteries are widely used in energy storage devices and electric vehicles. However, there are still some safety risks in batteries, and general chemical process improvement cannot ensure the safety of batteries. Among the safety hazards caused by batteries, the heat runaway phenomenon caused by internal short circuit is a serious problem, which may lead to battery fire. This is mainly because the existing products only have simple safety detection function, so when the battery is detected to be abnormal, it is often too late to handle. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above, the present application provides a battery leakage detection system and method.

[0004] According to the battery leakage detection system of an embodiment of the present application, a pulse generator, a voltage detector and an operation device are included. The pulse generator is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. The voltage detector is used to detect a plurality of detection voltage values of the battery in a state of not being connected to a load, or to detect a response voltage signal of the battery when the battery is applied with a pulse signal from the pulse generator. The operation device is connected to the voltage detector and is used to calculate a plurality of voltage deviation values of the plurality of detection voltage values in a plurality of continuous time intervals, and to determine that the battery has a leakage situation when one of the plurality of voltage deviation values is greater than a preset threshold value.

[0005] According to the battery leakage detection method of an embodiment of the present application, which is suitable for a system including a pulse generator, a voltage detector and an operation device, the battery leakage detection method includes: detecting, by the voltage detector, a plurality of detection voltage values of a battery in a state of not being connected to a load, or detecting a response voltage signal of the battery when the battery is applied with a pulse signal from the pulse generator; calculating a plurality of voltage deviation values of the detection voltage values in a plurality of continuous time intervals; and determining that the battery has a leakage situation when one of the voltage deviation values is greater than a preset threshold value.

[0006] Through the above structure, the battery leakage detection system and method disclosed in the present application can accurately detect the leakage situation of the battery when the internal short circuit of the battery occurs early, and can subsequently be matched with dynamic detection and safety warning functions to let the user know whether the leakage current of the current battery is too large, thereby greatly increasing the safety of the battery use.

[0007] The foregoing description of the contents of this disclosure and the following description of the embodiments are intended to demonstrate and explain the spirit and principles of the present invention, and to provide a further explanation of the scope of the patent application of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a functional block diagram of a battery leakage detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a battery leakage detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the detection voltage (voltage data) of a battery in a resting state in a battery leakage detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the voltage deviation value of voltage data in a battery leakage detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the battery leakage index obtained from the voltage deviation value in a battery leakage detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a battery leakage detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery leakage detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which two pulse tests are performed to obtain two response voltage signals.

[0015] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery leakage detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which two average voltage values ​​are obtained based on two response voltage signals.

[0016] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the response voltage-battery capacity relationship in a battery leakage detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 10 This is a functional block diagram of a battery leakage detection system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] 1,1': Battery leakage detection system

[0019] 11: Pulse Generator

[0020] 12: Voltage detector

[0021] 13: Computing device

[0022] 20: Battery

[0023] S11-S15, S21-S29: Steps

[0024] P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6: Points

[0025] RS1: First response voltage signal

[0026] RS2: Second response voltage signal

[0027] V1: First average voltage value

[0028] V2: Second average voltage value

[0029] t1: First time point

[0030] t2: Second time point

[0031] Q1: First characteristic - battery capacity

[0032] Q2: Second characteristic: Battery capacity

[0033] A1, A2, A3: Areas Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following detailed description of the features and advantages of the present invention in the embodiments is sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to understand the technical content of the present invention and to implement it accordingly. Based on the disclosure in this specification, the claims, and the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can easily understand the relevant objectives and advantages of the present invention. The following embodiments further illustrate the points of the present invention in detail, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

[0035] The battery leakage detection system and method of this application can be used to detect leakage in rechargeable batteries (e.g., lithium batteries) that have been in use for a long time. Please refer to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a functional block diagram of a battery leakage detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the battery leakage detection system 1 may include a pulse generator 11, a voltage detector 12, and a processing unit 13. The pulse generator 11 is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery 20. The voltage detector 12 is used to detect multiple detection voltage values ​​of the battery 20 when it is not connected to a load, or to detect the response voltage signal of the battery 20 when a pulse signal from the pulse generator 11 is applied. The processing unit 13 is connected to the voltage detector 12 and is used to calculate multiple voltage deviation values ​​of the multiple detection voltage values ​​over multiple consecutive time intervals, and to determine that the battery has leakage when one of the multiple voltage deviation values ​​is greater than a preset threshold.

[0036] In this embodiment, the pulse generator 11 can be a circuit or electronic testing device for generating various pulse signals. The pulse signals include, but are not limited to, square waves, triangular waves, etc. The pulse generator 11 can adjust the pulse width, peak intensity, waveform, etc., of each pulse signal, as well as the time interval or repetition rate between multiple pulse signals. Specifically, the pulse generator 11 of this application can emit two identical pulse signals to the positive and negative terminals of the battery at two time points, wherein this pulse signal may include a positive pulse and a negative pulse. The voltage detector 12 can be used to detect the voltage at the positive and negative terminals of the battery 20. Specifically, the voltage detector 12 can be directly connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery 20 to measure the voltage; or, the voltage detector 12 can obtain the battery voltage through the Battery Management Unit (BMU) or Battery Management System (BMS) in the battery module, which is not limited in this application. When the battery 20 is not connected to a load, the voltage detector 12 can obtain a measured voltage of the battery 20 in a resting state; while when the battery 20 is connected to the pulse generator 11 and receives the pulse signal, the voltage detector 12 can obtain a response voltage signal of the battery 20 in response to the pulse signal.

[0037] The computing device 13 may include one or more processing / control units with data receiving, recording, processing, storage, and output functions. These processing / control units may be, for example, a microcontroller, a central processing unit, a graphics processor, a programmable logic controller, or any combination thereof. In this embodiment, the computing device 13 may be a computer device, a server platform, or the like. The computing device 13 is connected to the voltage detector 12 to obtain voltage detection data from the battery 20 for analysis and subsequent operations.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a battery leakage detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the battery leakage detection method of this application may include step S11: detecting multiple detection voltage values ​​of the battery when it is not connected to a load; step S13: dividing the multiple detection voltage values ​​into multiple voltage data points corresponding to multiple consecutive time intervals; step S25: calculating the voltage deviation value of each of the multiple voltage data points, and determining that the battery has leakage when the voltage deviation value is greater than a preset threshold. Please refer to... Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the detection voltage (voltage data) of a battery in a resting state in a battery leakage detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3As shown, in step S11, the voltage detector 12 can detect multiple voltage values ​​of the battery 20 when it is not connected to a load. In step S13, the processing unit 13 can divide the multiple voltage values ​​into multiple voltage data points corresponding to multiple consecutive time intervals. For example, after obtaining these voltage values, the processing unit 13 can divide the multiple voltage values ​​into multiple voltage data points in 10-second intervals. That is, the first voltage data point (voltage data in region A1) can include the voltage values ​​from the 1st to the 10th second, the second voltage data point (voltage data in region A2) can include the voltage values ​​from the 2nd to the 11th second, and so on.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of voltage deviation values ​​in a battery leakage detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. In step S15, the computing device 13 calculates the voltage deviation value for each of the multiple voltage data points, and determines that the battery 20 has leakage when the voltage deviation value is greater than a preset threshold Vt. In this embodiment, the voltage deviation value can be a statistically significant indicator used to evaluate the dispersion of a set of values ​​(voltage data). For example, standard deviation, variance, etc. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the voltage data in region A3 indicates that the battery experienced leakage around the 300-second mark. Therefore, the battery voltage data exhibits significant fluctuations around this 300-second mark, resulting in a large calculated voltage deviation that exceeds the preset threshold Vt.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the battery leakage index obtained based on the voltage deviation value in a battery leakage detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. When the voltage deviation value of the voltage data calculated by the computing device 13 is not greater than the preset threshold Vt, the leakage index can be set to 0; when the voltage deviation value of the voltage data calculated by the computing device 13 is greater than the preset threshold Vt, the leakage index can be set to 1. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the voltage deviation value of the voltage data at approximately 300 seconds exceeds the preset threshold Vt, therefore its leakage index is 1, indicating that battery 20 has experienced leakage. Additionally, although... Figure 5 At 300 seconds, the voltage standard deviation briefly fell below the threshold Vt, but at this point, the voltage standard deviation did not remain below the preset threshold Vt for a preset period of time (indicating that it had not yet stabilized). Therefore... Figure 10 The corresponding leakage current index is still 1.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6This is a flowchart illustrating a battery leakage detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, the battery leakage detection method of this application may further include step S21: performing a first pulse test at a first time point; step S23: performing a second pulse test at a second time point; step S25: obtaining the capacity of two characteristic batteries corresponding to two response voltage signals; step S27: obtaining the average leakage current value of the battery based on the difference between the two characteristic battery capacities; and step S27: when it is determined that the average leakage current value is greater than a safe leakage current value, outputting a warning message.

[0042] Please refer to the reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Step S21 can be executed after step S15, which determines that a battery leakage has occurred. In step S21, the pulse generator 11 provides a first pulse signal to the positive and negative terminals of the battery 20 at a first time point, and the voltage detector 12 detects a first response voltage signal of the battery 20 in response to the first pulse signal. In step S23, the pulse generator 11 provides a second pulse signal to the positive and negative terminals of the battery 20 at a second time point, and the voltage detector 12 detects a second response voltage signal of the battery 20 in response to the second pulse signal. There may be a time interval between the first time point and the second time point, and this time interval may be determined by the pulse generator 11. It should be noted that the battery leakage detection method of this application may also include performing multiple pulse tests. This embodiment only schematically presents steps S11 and S13, which include performing two pulse tests, but is not limited thereto. Please refer to... Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery leakage detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention, showing two pulse tests to obtain two response voltage signals. In this embodiment, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal generated by the pulse generator 11 may each include a positive pulse and a negative pulse, wherein, for the battery 20, the positive pulse may be a charging pulse, and the negative pulse may be a discharging pulse. Figure 7 As shown, the voltage detector 12 can detect the first response voltage signal RS1 of the battery 20 in response to the first pulse charging signal, and the second response voltage signal RS2 of the battery 20 in response to the second pulse charging signal.

[0043] In step S25, the computing device 13 can obtain the two characteristic battery capacities corresponding to the first response voltage signal RS1 and the second response voltage signal RS2 based on a pre-stored response voltage-battery capacity relationship of the battery 20. Alternatively, in an embodiment performing multiple pulse tests, step S15 can be modified to obtain the characteristic battery capacity of each response voltage signal. Furthermore, step S15 can be divided into multiple sub-steps. For example, the sub-step of obtaining the first characteristic battery capacity corresponding to the first response voltage signal RS1 can be executed after step S21, and the sub-step of obtaining the second characteristic battery capacity corresponding to the second response voltage signal RS2 can be executed after step S23. In this embodiment, based on the first pulse signal containing positive and negative pulses, the first response voltage signal RS1 may contain a first peak voltage value (data point P1) and a first trough voltage value (data point P2); based on the second pulse signal containing positive and negative pulses, the second response voltage signal RS2 may contain a second peak voltage value (data point P3) and a second trough voltage value (data point P4). Please refer to... Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery leakage detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which two average voltage values ​​are obtained based on two response voltage signals. Figure 8 As shown, the computing device 13 can obtain a first average voltage value V1 (data point P5) based on the first peak voltage value and the first trough voltage value, and obtain a second average voltage value V2 (data point P6) based on the second peak voltage value and the second trough voltage value. Data point P5 is the first average voltage value V1 of the first response voltage signal RS1 when the battery receives the first pulse signal at the first time point t1, and data point P6 is the second average voltage value V2 of the second response voltage signal RS2 when the battery receives the second pulse signal at the second time point t2. For example, the first average voltage value can be the arithmetic mean of the first peak voltage value and the first trough voltage value, and the second average voltage value can be the arithmetic mean of the second peak voltage value and the second trough voltage value. It should be noted that although this embodiment uses the average of the peak voltage value and the trough voltage value of the first response voltage signal RS1 as the first average voltage value V1, this application may also calculate the average voltage value of the response voltage signal in other ways, so this application is not limited to this.

[0044] Thus, the computing device 13 can obtain the first average voltage value V1 of the first response voltage signal RS1 of the battery 20 at the first time point t1 when receiving the first pulse signal, and obtain the second average voltage value V2 of the second response voltage signal RS2 of the battery 20 at the second time point t2 when receiving the second pulse signal. The first time point t1 may correspond to the signal edge or signal midpoint of the first pulse signal or the first response signal RS1 (the same applies to the second time point t2), and this application does not impose any limitations. Further, please refer to... Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the response voltage-battery capacity relationship in a battery leakage detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 As shown, this relationship curve represents the response voltage-battery capacity relationship of battery 20. The computing device 13 can pre-store this response voltage-battery capacity relationship in its internal memory and obtain the first characteristic battery capacity Q1 corresponding to the first average voltage value V1 and the second characteristic battery capacity Q2 corresponding to the second average voltage value V2 based on this response voltage-battery capacity relationship.

[0045] Specifically, this characteristic battery capacity can represent the battery's leakage current, and the unit can be ampere-hours (Ah). For example, at the first time point t1, the leakage current corresponding to the first average voltage value V1 of the battery's first response voltage signal RS1 is the first characteristic battery capacity Q1 (which is 0, indicating that the battery has not yet leaked current); at the second time point t2, the leakage current corresponding to the second average voltage value V2 of the battery's second response voltage signal RS2 is the second characteristic battery capacity Q2 (which is greater than 0, indicating that the battery has leaked current).

[0046] Next, in step S27, the computing device 13 can obtain an average leakage current value based on the difference between the first characteristic battery capacity Q1 and the second characteristic battery capacity Q2 and the time interval between the first time point t1 and the second time point t2. Specifically, as shown in the following relationship (1), the computing device 13 can divide the difference between the first characteristic battery capacity Q1 and the second characteristic battery capacity Q2 by the time interval between the first time point t1 and the second time point t2 to obtain the average leakage current value (I). isc ).

[0047] Relation (1): I isc = (Q2-Q1) / (t2-t1)

[0048] In step S29, when the computing device 13 determines that the average leakage current value is greater than a safe leakage current value, it can output a warning message. Specifically, as follows: Figure 5As shown, the total battery capacity is approximately 2.5 ampere-hours (Ah), meaning it can discharge continuously at a current of 2.5 amps for 1 hour. Therefore, a leakage current of 2.5 amps can be defined as 1C. Similarly, a leakage current of 1.25 amps is 0.5C, and a leakage current of 0.25 amps is 0.1C, etc. Thus, the processing unit 13 can determine whether the average leakage current exceeds a safe leakage current value (e.g., 0.13C) to decide whether to output a warning message. Furthermore, when the processing unit 13 determines that the average leakage current exceeds a safe leakage current value, it can detect a leakage area of ​​the battery. For example, the processing unit 13 can obtain the average leakage current of multiple batteries, and when the average leakage current of a specific battery exceeds a safe leakage current value, it determines that specific battery as the leakage area. It should be noted that for the battery leakage detection method of this application, step S29 is an optional step.

[0049] Furthermore, the aforementioned safe leakage current value can be determined according to an algorithm. For example, the voltage detector 12 can measure a measured voltage of the battery 20 when it does not receive the pulse signal, and the computing device 13 can calculate a maximum heat generation of the battery 20 based on a maximum allowable current value and an internal resistance value, and calculate the safe leakage current value based on the maximum heat generation and the measured voltage. Specifically, the maximum allowable current value of the battery 20 (I... max ) and internal resistance value (R) isc The maximum heat output (P) can be obtained from the specifications of the battery 20 itself. max The maximum heat output (P) can be calculated using the following formula (2). Next, the arithmetic unit 13 can calculate the maximum heat output (P). max The safe leakage current value can be obtained by dividing the measured voltage by the measured voltage.

[0050] Relation (2): P max =(I max ) 2 ×R isc

[0051] Please refer to Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a functional block diagram of a battery leakage detection system according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 As shown, the battery leakage detection system 1' in this embodiment includes and Figure 1 The same components as those in the battery leakage detection system 1' are omitted here for repetition. However, the computing device 13 of the battery leakage detection system 1' can be selectively connected to the pulse generator 11 wirelessly (e.g., Bluetooth, Wifi, etc.) or wiredly.

[0052] Compared to Figures 1 to 5The embodiment provides a static leakage detection scheme to determine whether the battery is in a leakage state. Figures 6 to 10 The embodiment further provides a dynamic leakage current detection (pulse test) scheme to obtain the average current value of the battery in a leakage state, thereby producing an auxiliary effect. For example... Figure 10 As shown, the computing device 13 in this example can be selectively connected to the pulse generator 11 wirelessly or via a wired connection. Furthermore, the computing device 13 can be used to trigger the pulse generator 11 to provide the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal to the positive and negative terminals of the battery 20 for pulse testing when a leakage condition is detected in the battery 20. That is, in this embodiment, a static leakage detection scheme can be additionally executed before the dynamic leakage detection scheme. This allows the battery leakage detection system to avoid continuously performing pulse tests on the battery, and instead perform pulse tests only when the static leakage detection results indicate a leakage condition, thus saving system power consumption. It should be noted that... Figure 6 Steps S21 to S29, performed after step S15, are optional steps; that is, the leakage current detection method of this application may include steps performed individually. Figure 2 The static detection scheme is shown. Additionally, in some application scenarios, it can also be executed independently. Figure 6 The dynamic detection scheme shown is illustrated. For example, if a slight leakage is known in the battery, further testing can be performed on the battery. Figure 6 The dynamic detection in steps S21 to S29 is used to obtain accurate leakage current values.

[0053] By employing the above structure, the battery leakage detection system and method disclosed in this application determine whether a battery leakage has occurred by detecting multiple detection voltage values ​​of the battery when it is not connected to a load, calculating multiple voltage deviation values ​​of the detection voltage values ​​over multiple consecutive time intervals. Furthermore, a pulse generator performs two pulse tests on the battery at two time points, measuring the two response voltage signals of the battery to obtain two characteristic battery capacities, and calculating the average leakage current value based on the difference between the two characteristic battery capacities. In this way, the magnitude of the battery leakage current can be accurately detected when an early internal short circuit occurs, and a safety warning function can be added to inform the user whether the current battery leakage current is too high, significantly increasing the safety of battery use. That is, before performing pulse tests on the battery, the battery leakage detection system and method of this application can first perform static testing on the battery to determine whether there is any suspicion of an early internal short circuit, achieving an early screening effect. Only when a leakage is detected is a pulse test performed to further measure the battery leakage current, thus saving system power consumption.

Claims

1. A battery leakage detection system, comprising: a pulse generator connected to positive and negative terminals of a battery; a voltage detector configured to detect a plurality of detection voltage values of the battery in an unloaded state, or to detect a response voltage signal of the battery when the battery is applied with a pulse signal from the pulse generator; and an operation device connected to the voltage detector, configured to calculate a plurality of voltage deviation values of the detection voltage values in a plurality of continuous time intervals, and to determine that the battery has a leakage condition when one of the voltage deviation values is greater than a preset threshold value.

2. The battery leakage detection system of claim 1, wherein: the pulse generator is configured to provide a first pulse signal to the positive and negative terminals of the battery at a first time point, and to provide a second pulse signal to the positive and negative terminals of the battery at a second time point; the voltage detector is further configured to detect two response voltage signals of the battery when the battery is applied with the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal; and the operation device is further configured to obtain two characteristic battery capacities corresponding to the two response voltage signals according to a pre-stored response voltage-battery capacity relationship of the battery, and to obtain an average leakage current value according to a difference between the two characteristic battery capacities and a time interval between the first time point and the second time point.

3. The battery leakage detection system of claim 1, wherein the pulse signal comprises a positive pulse and a negative pulse.

4. The battery leakage detection system of claim 2, wherein the two response voltage signals comprise a first peak voltage value, a first valley voltage value, a second peak voltage value, and a second valley voltage value, and the operation device is configured to obtain a first average voltage value according to the first peak voltage value and the first valley voltage value, to obtain a second average voltage value according to the second peak voltage value and the second valley voltage value, and to obtain the two characteristic battery capacities corresponding to the first average voltage value and the second average voltage value according to the response voltage-battery capacity relationship.

5. The battery leakage detection system of claim 2, wherein the operation device is further configured to output a warning message when it is determined that the average leakage current value is greater than a safe leakage current value.

6. The battery leakage detection system of claim 5, wherein the operation device is further configured to obtain an average leakage current of each of a plurality of batteries, and to determine a specific battery as a leakage area when the average leakage current of the specific battery exceeds the safe leakage current value.

7. The battery leakage detection system of claim 5, wherein the operation device is further configured to calculate a maximum heat generation of the battery according to a maximum allowable current value and an internal resistance value of the battery, and to calculate the safe leakage current value according to the maximum heat generation and a measured voltage.

8. The battery leakage detection system of claim 1, wherein the voltage detector is configured to detect the detection voltage values of the battery before the battery is applied with the pulse signal.

9. The battery leakage detection system of claim 8, wherein the operation device is further connected to the pulse generator, and the operation device is further configured to trigger the pulse generator to provide the pulse signal to the positive and negative terminals of the battery when it is determined that the battery has the leakage condition.

10. A method for detecting leakage of a battery, comprising: providing a plurality of detection voltage values of the battery in an open circuit state by a voltage detector; calculating a plurality of voltage deviation values of the detection voltage values in a plurality of consecutive time intervals; and determining that the battery has a leakage condition when one of the voltage deviation values is greater than a predetermined threshold.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: providing a first pulse signal to the positive and negative terminals of the battery at a first time point by a pulse generator, and detecting a first response voltage signal of the battery in response to the first pulse signal by the voltage detector; providing a second pulse signal to the positive and negative terminals of the battery at a second time point by the pulse generator, and detecting a second response voltage signal of the battery in response to the second pulse signal by the voltage detector; obtaining two characteristic battery capacities corresponding to the first and second response voltage signals according to a pre-stored response voltage-battery capacity relationship of the battery by an operation device; and obtaining an average leakage current value according to a difference between the two characteristic battery capacities and a time interval between the first and second time points by the operation device.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the pulse signal comprises a positive pulse and a negative pulse.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the first response voltage signal comprises a first peak voltage value and a first valley voltage value, the second response voltage signal comprises a second peak voltage value and a second valley voltage value, and obtaining the two characteristic battery capacities corresponding to the first and second response voltage signals according to the pre-stored response voltage-battery capacity relationship of the battery comprises: obtaining a first average voltage value according to the first peak voltage value and the first valley voltage value; obtaining a second average voltage value according to the second peak voltage value and the second valley voltage value; and obtaining the two characteristic battery capacities corresponding to the first and second average voltage values according to the response voltage-battery capacity relationship.

14. The method of claim 11, further comprising: outputting a warning message when the operation device determines that the average leakage current value is greater than a safe leakage current value.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: obtaining an average leakage current of each of a plurality of batteries, and determining a specific battery as a leakage area when the average leakage current of the specific battery exceeds the safe leakage current value.

16. The method of claim 14, further comprising: calculating a maximum heat generation of the battery according to a maximum allowable current value and an internal resistance value of the battery by the operation device, and calculating the safe leakage current value according to the maximum heat generation and a measured voltage.

17. The method of claim 10, wherein: The detecting the detection voltage value of the battery by the voltage detector is performed before the battery is applied with the pulse signal.

18. The battery leakage detection method of claim 17, further comprising: The operation device triggers the pulse generator to provide the pulse signal to the positive and negative terminals of the battery when it is determined that the battery has the leakage condition.

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