Method and system for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of ecological environment restoration, and more particularly to a waste mine ecological environment restoration method and system, the present application obtains a plurality of temperature parameters and terrain parameters of each monitoring area by the unmanned aerial vehicle carrying the monitoring equipment to mark the characteristic monitoring area, obtains the surface image of each characteristic monitoring area, determines whether the characteristic monitoring area exists the deformation risk, constructs the deformation tendency characterization vector based on the surface texture contour, analyzes the homologous tendency of each deformation tendency characterization vector, determines the block tendency category of the characteristic monitoring area, and determines the optimization strategy of the environment restoration according to the block tendency category. The present application realizes the rapid identification of the characteristic monitoring area with the freezing and thawing phenomenon, adaptively determines the optimization strategy of the environment restoration according to the actual deformation characteristics in the area, and improves the reliability of the waste mine ecological environment restoration.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological environment restoration, in particular to a waste mine ecological environment restoration method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Mineral resources have a long history of exploitation, leaving a large number of abandoned mines. These areas are generally facing multiple problems such as broken terrain, unstable geological structure, and degraded ecological function. Specifically, there are slope collapse hazards, surface fissure development, accelerated soil erosion, and low vegetation coverage. Not only does this destroy the regional ecological balance, but it also threatens the safety of surrounding residents' production and living, and even affects the quality of the watershed ecological environment. With the advancement of ecological civilization construction, the restoration of the ecological environment of abandoned mines has become an important issue for ecological protection. Through scientific means, the elimination of geological safety hazards, the reconstruction of ecological functions, and the sustainable use of land resources in abandoned mines have become important tasks in the construction of ecological civilization. Traditional risk exploration mainly relies on manual field investigation and geological mapping, which is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly, and it is difficult to achieve continuous dynamic monitoring of large areas. For hidden and progressive instability risks caused by freeze-thaw cycles and groundwater activity, they are often discovered after obvious deformation or disaster occurs, missing the best intervention opportunity, resulting in increased repair costs and poor results. At the same time, existing restoration practices often treat surface deformation, cracks, and other phenomena as slope instability, and use simple soil covering and greening and general engineering reinforcement. However, the dominant mechanism of terrain instability may be different, such as being driven by surface and groundwater activity, such as runoff erosion and pore water pressure rise, or being driven by structural defects in rock-soil bodies and physical effects such as freezing and thawing. Using the same restoration method may lead to treating the symptoms rather than the root cause, and the project may fail to recur, affecting the effectiveness and reliability of ecological environment restoration. Therefore, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines is a technical problem that needs to be solved.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent application publication No. CN119204480A discloses a decision-making method for the ecological restoration direction of abandoned open-pit mines, which belongs to the technical field of ecological environment restoration. By investigating the attribute conditions of the mine to be restored, each attribute condition is hierarchically and stepwise determined in the decision-making model to determine the suitable ecological restoration direction for each mine attribute condition. By accumulating the attribute conditions of each ecological restoration direction, the one that meets the most attribute conditions is determined as the most suitable restoration direction, and other suitable directions are also selected, which facilitates the selection of the project implementation. This method solves the problem of unclear restoration direction and target before the project is established in the field of mine ecological restoration, and provides a decision-making method and basis for determining the ecological restoration direction of open-pit mines.

[0004] The following problems exist in the prior art:

[0005] Existing technologies do not take into account the potential spatial heterogeneity of microclimate, moisture conditions, and soil properties within abandoned mines, which can lead to the localization and selectivity of freeze-thaw phenomena. This results in varying risks of geological instability. Existing technologies cannot quickly identify characteristic monitoring areas with freeze-thaw phenomena, nor can they adaptively determine optimized environmental remediation strategies based on the actual deformation characteristics within the area, thus affecting the reliability of ecological environment restoration in abandoned mines. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address this, the present invention provides a method and system for ecological restoration of abandoned mines, which overcomes the problems of existing technologies being unable to quickly identify characteristic monitoring areas with freeze-thaw phenomena and unable to adaptively determine optimized environmental restoration strategies based on the actual deformation characteristics within the area, thus affecting the reliability of ecological restoration of abandoned mines.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for ecological restoration of abandoned mines, comprising:

[0008] The mining area to be restored is divided into several monitoring areas, and several temperature and terrain parameters of each monitoring area are obtained by drones equipped with monitoring equipment within a preset monitoring period.

[0009] Elevation characterization parameters are determined based on the temperature and topographic parameters of the monitored area to mark the characteristic monitored area;

[0010] Surface images of each of the feature monitoring areas are acquired, and several surface texture contours in the surface images are identified to determine whether there is a deformation risk in the feature monitoring area. In response to the existence of deformation risk, a deformation trend representation vector is constructed based on the surface texture contours.

[0011] A homogeneous trend analysis is performed on each deformation trend characterization vector to determine the similarity trend parameter and the homogeneous characterization parameter. Based on the similarity trend parameter and the homogeneous characterization parameter, the land parcel trend category of the feature monitoring area is determined.

[0012] The optimization strategy for environmental remediation based on the land parcel trend category is to determine the layout direction and depth increase of underground drainage blind ditches based on the characteristic direction and the elevation characterization parameters. The characteristic direction is determined based on the component vectors of several deformation trend characterization vectors.

[0013] The increase in grouting hole depth and the decrease in hole spacing are determined based on the instability tendency parameters and the homogeneous characterization parameters. The instability tendency parameters are determined according to several deformation tendency characterization vectors.

[0014] Furthermore, the process of marking feature monitoring areas includes,

[0015] acquire the temperature parameter and the corresponding topographic parameter of each monitoring area at several monitoring moments within a preset monitoring period;

[0016] calculate the difference between the topographic parameter corresponding to the minimum temperature parameter and the topographic parameter corresponding to the maximum temperature parameter, and determine the difference as the elevation representation parameter of the monitoring area;

[0017] If the elevation representation parameter of the monitoring area exceeds a preset elevation representation parameter threshold, mark the monitoring area as a feature monitoring area.

[0018] The topographic parameter is the average of the elevation values of several monitoring points in the monitoring area.

[0019] Further, the process of determining whether the feature monitoring area has a deformation risk includes,

[0020] If the number of ground surface texture profiles in the feature monitoring area exceeds a preset number threshold, it is determined that the feature monitoring area has a deformation risk.

[0021] Further, the process of performing homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend representation vector includes,

[0022] acquire several deformation trend representation vectors in the feature monitoring area;

[0023] calculate the average of the vector angles of each deformation trend representation vector, and determine the average of the vector angles as the similar tendency parameter;

[0024] calculate the shortest distance between each deformation trend representation vector and the remaining deformation trend representation vectors, and determine the average of the shortest distances as the homologous representation parameter.

[0025] Further, the process of determining the block trend category of the feature monitoring area includes,

[0026] If the similar tendency parameter and the homologous representation parameter of the feature monitoring area meet a first block trend condition, the feature monitoring area is determined to be of a first block trend category.

[0027] If the similar tendency parameter and the homologous representation parameter of the feature monitoring area do not meet the first block trend condition, the feature monitoring area is determined to be of a second block trend category.

[0028] The first block trend condition is that the similar tendency parameter exceeds a preset similar tendency parameter threshold, and the homologous representation parameter does not exceed a preset homologous representation parameter threshold.

[0029] Further, the process of determining the optimization strategy of environmental remediation includes,

[0030] If the feature monitoring area is the first land mass trend category, a layout direction and a depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch are determined based on the feature direction and the elevation representation parameter;

[0031] If the feature monitoring area is the second land mass trend category, an increase range of the grouting hole depth and a reduction range of the hole spacing are determined based on the instability trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter.

[0032] Further, the process of determining the feature direction based on the sub-vectors of the deformation trend representation vectors comprises,

[0033] The deformation trend representation vectors in the feature monitoring area are orthogonally decomposed, and the sub-vectors obtained by orthogonally decomposing each deformation trend representation vector are respectively marked as a first sub-vector and a second sub-vector;

[0034] The mean lengths of the first sub-vectors and the second sub-vectors are respectively calculated;

[0035] The direction corresponding to the maximum of the mean lengths of the first sub-vectors and the second sub-vectors is determined as the feature direction.

[0036] Further, the process of determining the layout direction and the depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch comprises,

[0037] The layout direction of the underground drainage blind ditch is along a direction perpendicular to the feature direction;

[0038] The depth increase range is in a positive correlation with the elevation representation parameter.

[0039] Further, the process of determining the increase range of the grouting hole depth and the reduction range of the hole spacing comprises,

[0040] The mean lengths of the deformation trend representation vectors in the feature monitoring area are calculated, and the mean lengths are determined as the instability trend parameter;

[0041] The increase range of the grouting hole depth is in a positive correlation with the instability trend parameter;

[0042] The reduction range of the hole spacing is in a negative correlation with the homologous representation parameter.

[0043] The present application also provides a waste mine ecological environment restoration system, comprising:

[0044] A feature acquisition module is used to acquire a plurality of temperature parameters, terrain parameters, and surface images of each monitoring area in a preset monitoring period;

[0045] a land block marking module connected with the feature acquisition module, configured to determine an elevation representation parameter based on the temperature parameter and the terrain parameter of the monitoring area to mark a feature monitoring area;

[0046] a feature recognition module connected with the feature acquisition module and the land block marking module respectively, configured to recognize a plurality of surface texture contours in the surface image to determine whether the feature monitoring area is at risk of deformation, and to construct a deformation trend representation vector based on the surface texture contours;

[0047] a feature analysis module connected with the feature recognition module, configured to perform homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend representation vector to determine a land block trend category of the feature monitoring area;

[0048] an optimization strategy generation module connected with the feature analysis module, configured to determine an optimization strategy for environmental repair according to the land block trend category, that is, to determine a layout direction and a depth increase range of an underground drainage blind ditch based on a feature direction and the elevation representation parameter;

[0049] to determine an increase range of a grouting hole depth and a reduction range of an inter-hole spacing based on the instability trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that the present application divides the mine area to be repaired into a plurality of monitoring areas, obtains a plurality of temperature parameters and terrain parameters of each monitoring area through a monitoring device carried by a drone, marks a feature monitoring area, obtains a surface image of each feature monitoring area, recognizes a plurality of surface texture contours in the surface image to determine whether the feature monitoring area is at risk of deformation, in response to the risk of deformation, constructs a deformation trend representation vector based on the surface texture contours, performs homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend representation vector to determine a similar trend parameter and a homologous representation parameter, determines a land block trend category of the feature monitoring area based on the similar trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter, determines an optimization strategy for environmental repair according to the land block trend category, that is, determines a layout direction and a depth increase range of an underground drainage blind ditch based on a feature direction and the elevation representation parameter, and determines an increase range of a grouting hole depth and a reduction range of an inter-hole spacing based on the instability trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter, thereby realizing rapid identification of a feature monitoring area with a freeze-thaw phenomenon, adaptively determining an optimization strategy for environmental repair according to actual deformation characteristics in the area, and improving the reliability of ecological environment repair of abandoned mines.

[0051] Especially, the application determines the elevation characteristic parameter based on the temperature parameter and the terrain parameter of the monitoring area to mark the characteristic monitoring area, and it can be understood that the large-scale and complex-terrain mining area is scanned by the unmanned aerial vehicle to obtain continuous spatial data, improve the efficiency and coverage of the risk preliminary screening, and the potential instability of the terrain driven by the temperature cycle change is characterized by the coupling analysis of the temperature and the terrain parameter and the internal correlation law of the two, the micro-environment abnormal area is accurately positioned, the risk early warning is realized, the scientific basis and spatial guidance are provided for the subsequent start of higher-precision targeted monitoring, the limited exploration resources can be accurately invested in the high-risk area, thereby optimizing the economy and effectiveness of the overall repair project, realizing the early, rapid and low-cost screening of the freeze-thaw risk area of the abandoned mine, overcoming the disadvantages of narrow coverage, low efficiency and insensitivity to hidden risks of traditional manual exploration, and then realizing the rapid identification of the characteristic monitoring area with freeze-thaw phenomenon and improving the reliability of the ecological environment repair of the abandoned mine.

[0052] Especially, the application determines the elevation characteristic parameter based on the temperature parameter and the terrain parameter of the monitoring area to mark the characteristic monitoring area, and it can be understood that the large-scale and complex-terrain mining area is scanned by the unmanned aerial vehicle to obtain continuous spatial data, improve the efficiency and coverage of the risk preliminary screening, and the potential instability of the terrain driven by the temperature cycle change is characterized by the coupling analysis of the temperature and the terrain parameter and the internal correlation law of the two, the micro-environment abnormal area is accurately positioned, the risk early warning is realized, the scientific basis and spatial guidance are provided for the subsequent start of higher-precision targeted monitoring, the limited exploration resources can be accurately invested in the high-risk area, thereby optimizing the economy and effectiveness of the overall repair project, realizing the early, rapid and low-cost screening of the freeze-thaw risk area of the abandoned mine, overcoming the disadvantages of narrow coverage, low efficiency and insensitivity to hidden risks of traditional manual exploration, and then realizing the rapid identification of the characteristic monitoring area with freeze-thaw phenomenon and improving the reliability of the ecological environment repair of the abandoned mine.

[0053] Especially, the application carries out homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend characterization vector to determine the block trend category of the feature monitoring area, and it can be understood that different instability forces will leave different geometric features on the ground. By quantifying the direction consistency and spatial aggregation degree of these features, the dominant mechanism of each block area can be analyzed. The similar trend parameter, i.e. the dispersion degree of the surface texture direction, for the water-dominated area, the surface texture is mainly composed of runoff erosion, gully or mudflow traces. These traces are complex networks formed by fluid flowing, undercutting and branching under the action of gravity, and their flow paths are controlled by microtopography, with variable directions. The vector direction of the deformation trend characterization vector is relatively chaotic, and the similar trend parameter is relatively large. For the structure-dominated area, the surface texture is mainly composed of tension cracks and shear cracks. The development of these cracks is controlled by the internal stress field or inherent structural planes such as joints and bedding planes, and often shows a relatively ordered nature such as parallelism. The vector direction of the deformation trend characterization vector is relatively consistent, and the similar trend parameter is relatively small. The homologous characterization parameter, i.e. the distribution density of the surface texture space, for the water-dominated area, in order to effectively collect water flow, the surface texture profiles need to be interconnected and interwoven to form a dense and close network, so the spatial distance between the deformation trend characterization vectors is small, i.e. the homologous characterization parameter is small. For the structure-dominated area, the cracks may develop along equidistant weak planes, or be sparsely distributed, and their spatial distribution may be relatively discrete, so the average distance between the deformation trend characterization vectors is large, i.e. the homologous characterization parameter is large. Thus, the determination of the block trend category of the feature monitoring area is realized, and the reliability of the ecological environment restoration of the abandoned mine is improved.

[0054] Especially, under the condition of the first block trend category, the application determines the layout direction and depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch based on the feature direction and elevation characterization parameter. It can be understood that the feature direction is determined by orthogonal decomposition and modulus length average calculation to identify the dominant direction of the surface runoff network or the dominant erosion path, ensuring that the drainage blind ditch can be laid in an interception mode in the most effective direction, maximizing its efficiency of intercepting groundwater runoff or reducing local water head. The blind ditch overcomes the blindness of traditional experience-based layout, establishes a positive correlation between the depth increase range and the elevation characterization parameter, and gives a greater design depth to the high-risk area with more intense freeze-thaw deformation and more serious potential water damage, ensuring that the drainage blind ditch can act on a deeper potential sliding surface or saturated zone to fundamentally eliminate the instability threat. In the low-risk area, a shallower depth is used to avoid waste caused by excessive engineering, achieving an optimal balance between safety and economy. Thus, the application adaptively determines the optimization strategy of environmental restoration according to the actual deformation characteristics in the area, improving the reliability of the ecological environment restoration of the abandoned mine.

[0055] Especially, under the condition of the second land block tendency category, the increase amplitude of the grouting hole depth and the reduction amplitude of the hole spacing are determined based on the instability tendency parameter and the homologous representation parameter, and it can be understood that, by establishing a positive correlation between the depth and the instability tendency parameter, it is ensured that for the area with a more deep and long large crack, a deeper grouting hole is used, so that the slurry can be effectively injected to the deep part of the potential fracture surface, and a reliable reinforced anchoring segment is formed, and by establishing a negative correlation between the hole spacing and the homologous representation parameter, the adaptive adjustment of the grouting hole network density is realized, in the area with dense cracks and serious rock mass fragmentation, the hole spacing is automatically reduced, and it is ensured that the reinforced body such as the stone body can be effectively crosslinked into a network to form a complete reinforced curtain to prevent the crack from expanding and the block from separating, and in the area with relatively sparse cracks, a larger spacing is used to avoid unnecessary engineering waste, and the maximization of the reinforcement effect is realized under the limited cost, and further, the optimization strategy of the environmental repair is adaptively determined according to the actual deformation characteristics in the area, and the reliability of the ecological environment repair of the abandoned mine is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 A step diagram of the method for repairing the ecological environment of the abandoned mine according to the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0057] Figure 2 A logic flow diagram for determining whether the characteristic monitoring area has a deformation risk according to the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0058] Figure 3 A logic flow diagram for determining the land block tendency category of the characteristic monitoring area according to the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0059] Figure 4 A logic flow diagram for determining the optimization strategy of the environmental repair according to the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the objects and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described below with reference to the embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0061] The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present application, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0062] It should be noted that in the description of the present application, the terms indicating the direction or position relationship such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer" and the like are based on the direction or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of description, and is not used to indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0063] Further, it needs to be explained that, in the description of the present application, unless explicitly defined and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection, it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection, it can be direct connection, or indirect connection through intermediate medium, it can be internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, it is the step diagram of the abandoned mine ecological environment restoration method of the embodiment of the present application, the abandoned mine ecological environment restoration method of the present application comprises:

[0065] Step S100, dividing the mine area to be repaired into a plurality of monitoring areas, and acquiring a plurality of temperature parameters and terrain parameters of each monitoring area in a preset monitoring period through a UAV carrying a monitoring device;

[0066] Specifically, the preset monitoring period can be winter representing the freezing process, and can be one quarter, the monitoring areas can be evenly divided in a grid shape, the area of each monitoring area is the product of the total area of the mine area to be repaired and a division factor, the division factor can be set by those skilled in the art according to the accuracy requirement of environmental restoration, the higher the accuracy requirement, the smaller the setting, the value range can be [0.01, 0.03], preferably, it can be 0.02.

[0067] Specifically, the monitoring device carried by the UAV can include a laser radar scanning device and a temperature acquisition device, which is a conventional application of the UAV, and will not be repeated here.

[0068] Step S200, determining an elevation representation parameter based on the temperature parameter and the terrain parameter of the monitoring area to mark a feature monitoring area;

[0069] Step S300, acquiring a ground surface image of each feature monitoring area, identifying a plurality of ground surface texture contours in the ground surface image to determine whether the feature monitoring area has a deformation risk, and constructing a deformation trend representation vector based on the ground surface texture contour in response to the existence of the deformation risk;

[0070] Specifically, a plurality of ground surface texture contours in the ground surface image can be acquired through an edge detection algorithm, of course, other ways can also be taken, which will not be repeated here.

[0071] Step S400, performing homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend representation vector to determine a similar tendency parameter and a homologous representation parameter, and determining a land block trend category of the feature monitoring area based on the similar tendency parameter and the homologous representation parameter;

[0072] In step S500, the optimal strategy for environmental restoration is determined according to the land trend category, which is to determine the layout direction and depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch based on the characteristic direction and the elevation representation parameter, wherein the characteristic direction is determined according to the partial vector of the deformation trend representation vector.

[0073] The increase range of the grouting hole depth and the reduction range of the hole spacing are determined based on the instability trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter, wherein the instability trend parameter is determined according to the deformation trend representation vector.

[0074] Specifically, the process of marking the feature monitoring area includes,

[0075] The temperature parameter and the corresponding topographic parameter of each monitoring area are obtained at several monitoring times within a preset monitoring period.

[0076] The difference between the topographic parameter corresponding to the minimum temperature parameter and the topographic parameter corresponding to the maximum temperature parameter is calculated, and the difference is determined as the elevation representation parameter of the monitoring area.

[0077] If the elevation representation parameter of the monitoring area exceeds the preset elevation representation parameter threshold, the monitoring area is marked as a feature monitoring area.

[0078] The topographic parameter is the average value of the elevation values of the monitoring points in the monitoring area.

[0079] Specifically, the several monitoring times can be uniformly distributed, and the monitoring frequency can be once every 10 days.

[0080] Specifically, the preset elevation representation parameter threshold is the product of the elevation representation parameter reference value and the elevation factor, the elevation representation parameter reference value is the average value of the elevation representation parameter under the same working condition in the historical data, and the elevation factor can be set by the person skilled in the art according to the accuracy requirement of environmental restoration. The higher the accuracy requirement, the smaller the setting, and the value range can be [1.1, 1.2], preferably, it can be 1.15.

[0081] Specifically, the embodiment of the present application determines the elevation representation parameter based on the temperature parameter and the terrain parameter of the monitoring area to mark the feature monitoring area. It can be understood that the use of a drone to scan a large area of a complex terrain mine area to obtain continuous spatial data improves the efficiency and coverage of the risk preliminary screening. Through the coupling analysis of temperature and terrain parameters, the inherent correlation between the two is utilized to represent the potential instability of the terrain driven by temperature cycle changes, accurately locate the micro-environmental abnormal area, realize the early warning of the risk, provide a scientific basis and spatial guidance for subsequent high-precision targeted monitoring, enable limited exploration resources to be accurately directed to high-risk areas, thereby optimizing the economy and effectiveness of the overall repair project, achieving early, rapid and low-cost screening of the freeze-thaw risk area of the abandoned mine, overcoming the drawbacks of traditional manual exploration, such as narrow coverage, low efficiency and insensitivity to hidden risks, and thus achieving rapid identification of feature monitoring areas with freeze-thaw phenomena and improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

[0082] Specifically, it can be understood that the repeated freezing and thawing of water in rock and soil pores and fissures will generate a large frost heaving stress, which will cause fatigue damage, strength degradation and crack expansion of the rock mass structure, weaken the mechanical integrity of the slope, reduce the shear strength of the potential sliding surface, and easily induce landslides, mudflows and other shallow instability. In the specific scenario of an abandoned mine, which is inherently broken and steep due to human excavation, the coupling of freeze-thaw action and these inherent defects will have a snowball effect, making the geological instability of such areas develop faster, the damage mode more complex, and the disaster risk much higher than in non-freeze-thaw areas. Marking and focusing on analysis is a key scientific prerequisite for identifying mine high-risk points, achieving early warning of disasters, and developing targeted repair strategies. In areas with freeze-thaw phenomena, the repeated phase change of water, freezing expansion and thawing contraction will cause uneven vertical displacement of the ground surface. During the winter freezing period, water enrichment or poor insulation sites, such as low-lying shady slopes, will experience more intense frost heaving, which may cause local relative uplift. During the summer thawing period, these sites may experience significant subsidence due to ice melting and soil structure damage. This makes the micro-topographic elevation of areas with freeze-thaw phenomena significantly greater than areas without freeze-thaw effects during temperature extremes. The minimum temperature parameter reflects the maximum freezing deformation during the preset monitoring period, and the maximum temperature parameter reflects the shape after maximum thawing subsidence. The elevation representation parameter quantifies the spatial activity of ground surface vertical deformation caused by frost heaving and thawing settlement during the preset monitoring period. The greater the elevation representation parameter, the more intense the micro-landform response to temperature cycles in the monitoring area, and the more likely it is to have freeze-thaw phenomena. Thus, the feature monitoring area with freeze-thaw phenomena is quickly identified, and the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines is improved.

[0083] Please refer toFigure 2 As shown in the figure, it is a logic flow chart for determining whether the feature monitoring area has a deformation risk according to the embodiment of the application, and the process of determining whether the feature monitoring area has a deformation risk comprises,

[0084] If the number of ground surface texture contours in the feature monitoring area exceeds the preset number threshold, it is determined that the feature monitoring area has a deformation risk.

[0085] If the number of ground surface texture contours in the feature monitoring area does not exceed the preset number threshold, it is determined that the feature monitoring area does not have a deformation risk.

[0086] Specifically, the preset number threshold is the product of a number reference value and a number factor, the number reference value is the number average of the historical data under the same working condition with a deformation risk, and the number factor can be set by the person skilled in the art according to the accuracy requirement of environmental repair, the higher the accuracy requirement, the smaller the setting, and the value range can be [1.1, 1.2], preferably, it can be 1.15.

[0087] Specifically, the embodiment of the application determines whether the feature monitoring area has a deformation risk based on a plurality of ground surface texture contours in the ground surface image, and it can be understood that in the area with a deformation risk such as freezing and thawing or subsidence, the internal stress adjustment and displacement will form texture contours on the ground surface through two main ways, one is to directly produce new cracks such as tension cracks and shear cracks, and the other is to aggravate the expansion, penetration and branching of existing gullies or cracks. The number density of texture contours in the area is a direct surface indicator of the activity level of the internal geomechanics process. When the number of texture contours in the feature monitoring area is large, it indicates that the severity of the surface deformation of the area is more serious, and further identification analysis needs to be performed in time to optimize the strategy of environmental repair. Through rapid capture and quantitative evaluation of micro-deformation signs, hidden and dispersed geological instability precursors are converted into identifiable early warning signals, and limited resources are more accurately allocated to areas that need them more. Further, the determination of the regional deformation risk is realized, and the reliability of the ecological environment repair of the abandoned mine is improved.

[0088] Specifically, the process of performing homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend characterization vector comprises,

[0089] Obtaining a plurality of deformation trend characterization vectors in the feature monitoring area;

[0090] Calculating the vector angle average of each deformation trend characterization vector, and determining the vector angle average as the similar trend parameter;

[0091] Calculating the shortest distance between each deformation trend characterization vector and the remaining deformation trend characterization vector, and determining the shortest distance average as the homologous characterization parameter.

[0092] It can be understood that the ground texture profile represents the ground cracks and the ground texture such as ground runoff, since the ground cracks or the ground runoff can have fine cracks, in the implementation, only the main stem diameter which causes the main influence is considered, therefore, when capturing the ground texture profile, only the texture profile with the texture diameter greater than the predetermined threshold value is considered to eliminate the influence of the cracks, wherein the predetermined threshold value can be set according to the mean value of several times of historical experimental data.

[0093] In particular, for the ground cracks with branches, segmentation is needed, the segmentation nodes are the nodes corresponding to the ground crack branches, so as to obtain several independent ground cracks with relatively concentrated directions, and then the ground texture profile corresponding to each ground crack.

[0094] Specifically, the deformation trend representation vector is constructed with any endpoint of the ground texture profile as the vector starting point and the other endpoint as the vector ending point, and in the similar trend parameter calculation, the acute angle is taken into account.

[0095] It can be understood that the shortest distance between the vector and another vector refers to the shortest distance between the point on the vector and the point on the other vector.

[0096] Please refer to Figure 3 The process of determining the block trend category of the feature monitoring area includes,

[0097] If the similar trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter of the feature monitoring area meet the first block trend condition, the feature monitoring area is determined as the first block trend category;

[0098] If the similar trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter of the feature monitoring area do not meet the first block trend condition, the feature monitoring area is determined as the second block trend category.

[0099] The first block trend condition is that the similar trend parameter exceeds the preset similar trend parameter threshold value, and the homologous representation parameter does not exceed the preset homologous representation parameter threshold value.

[0100] Specifically, the preset similar trend parameter threshold value is the product of the similar trend parameter reference value and the similar factor, and the preset homologous representation parameter threshold value is the product of the homologous representation parameter reference value and the homologous factor, the similar trend parameter reference value and the homologous representation parameter reference value are respectively the mean value of the similar trend parameter and the mean value of the homologous representation parameter under the same working condition in the historical data, the similar factor and the homologous factor can be calculated by the historical experimental data mean value by the person skilled in the art, the value range of the similar factor can be [1.05, 1.15], preferably, it can be 1.1, and the value range of the homologous factor can be [1.03, 1.13], preferably, it can be 1.1.

[0101] Specifically, the embodiment of the present application performs homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend characterization vector to determine the block trend category of the feature monitoring area. It can be understood that different instability forces will leave different geometric features on the ground. By quantifying the direction consistency and spatial aggregation degree of these features, the dominant mechanism of each block area can be analyzed. The similar trend parameter, i.e., the dispersion degree of the ground texture direction, is used. For water-dominated areas, the ground texture is mainly composed of runoff erosion, gully or mud flow traces. These traces are complex networks formed by fluid flowing, undercutting and branching under the action of gravity, and their flow paths are controlled by microtopography, with variable directions. The vector direction of the deformation trend characterization vector is relatively chaotic, and the similar trend parameter is relatively large. For structure-dominated areas, the ground texture is mainly composed of tension cracks and shear cracks. The development of these cracks is controlled by the internal stress field or inherent structural planes such as joints and bedding planes, and often shows a relatively ordered nature such as parallelism. The vector direction of the deformation trend characterization vector is relatively consistent, and the similar trend parameter is relatively small. The homologous characterization parameter, i.e., the distribution density of the ground texture space, is used. For water-dominated areas, in order to effectively collect water flow, the ground texture profiles need to be interconnected and interwoven to form a dense and close network. Therefore, the spatial distance between the deformation trend characterization vectors is small, i.e., the homologous characterization parameter is small. For structure-dominated areas, the cracks may develop along equidistant weak planes or be sparsely distributed, and their spatial distribution may be relatively discrete. Therefore, the average distance between the deformation trend characterization vectors is large, i.e., the homologous characterization parameter is large. Thus, the determination of the block trend category of the feature monitoring area is realized, and the reliability of the ecological environment restoration of the abandoned mine is improved.

[0102] Please refer to Figure 4 The process of determining the optimization strategy of environmental restoration includes,

[0103] If the feature monitoring area is the first block trend category, the layout direction and depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch are determined based on the feature direction and the elevation characterization parameter;

[0104] If the feature monitoring area is the second block trend category, the increase range of the grouting hole depth and the reduction range of the hole spacing are determined based on the instability trend parameter and the homologous characterization parameter.

[0105] Specifically, the process of determining the feature direction according to the sub-vectors of the deformation trend characterization vectors includes,

[0106] The deformation trend characterization vectors in the feature monitoring area are orthogonally decomposed, and the sub-vectors obtained by orthogonally decomposing each deformation trend characterization vector are marked as first sub-vectors and second sub-vectors, respectively;

[0107] respectively calculate the first sub-vector module length mean value and the second sub-vector module length mean value;

[0108] determine the direction corresponding to the maximum of the first sub-vector module length mean value and the second sub-vector module length mean value as the characteristic direction.

[0109] In implementation, the reference coordinate system is constructed in the same way when determining the vector, that is, a horizontal axis vector can be constructed perpendicular to the bottom of the ground surface image, and a vertical axis vector can be constructed perpendicular to the horizontal axis vector to form a reference coordinate system, which will not be repeated here.

[0110] Specifically, the process of determining the layout direction and depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch includes,

[0111] The layout direction of the underground drainage blind ditch is along the direction perpendicular to the characteristic direction;

[0112] The depth increase range is positively correlated with the elevation representation parameter.

[0113] Specifically, the depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch is the elevation representation parameter / elevation representation parameter reference value x drainage factor, and the drainage factor can be calculated by a person skilled in the art according to the mean value of historical data under the same working condition, and the value range can be [0.05, 0.15] to avoid excessive or insufficient range adjustment, and preferably, it can be 0.1.

[0114] Specifically, under the condition of the first land block trend category, the embodiment of the application determines the layout direction and depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch based on the characteristic direction and the elevation representation parameter. It can be understood that the characteristic direction is determined by orthogonal decomposition and module length mean value calculation, and the dominant direction of the surface runoff network or the dominant erosion path is identified to ensure that the drainage blind ditch can be laid out in the most effective direction for interception, maximizing its efficiency in intercepting groundwater runoff or reducing local water head. The blindness of traditional experience-based layout is overcome, the depth increase range is positively correlated with the elevation representation parameter, the high-risk area with more severe freeze-thaw deformation and more serious potential water damage is given a greater design depth to ensure that the drainage blind ditch can act on a deeper potential sliding surface or saturated zone, thereby fundamentally eliminating the instability threat. In the low-risk area, a shallower depth is used to avoid waste caused by excessive engineering, achieving the optimal balance of safety and economy. Furthermore, the optimal strategy for environmental restoration is adaptively determined according to the actual deformation characteristics in the region, improving the reliability of ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines.

[0115] Specifically, it can be understood that in the region dominated by surface or groundwater activity, the surface texture such as gully and erosion mark is a direct manifestation of the historical and existing water flow path. The orthogonal decomposition of the deformation tendency characterization vector and the calculation of the mean length of the subvector can statistically analyze the principal component of the water flow path direction in the region. The direction with the maximum mean length represents the dominant direction of water flow energy release or material transport in the region, that is, the principal axis of hydrodynamic action. The blind drain arranged perpendicular to the principal axis can intercept the groundwater flow along the principal axis direction with the shortest engineering length and the most vertical angle, thereby most effectively reducing the water level or pore water pressure on the upstream side of the blind drain, achieving the purpose of stabilizing the slope. The elevation characterization parameter can represent the activity degree of freezing and thawing process and the intensity of surface deformation. The larger the elevation characterization parameter, the greater the vertical deformation amplitude caused by water phase change in the temperature cycle, the more intense the soil structure disturbance, and the larger the scale of water migration and aggregation. In geotechnical engineering, the depth of the blind drain is the core parameter that determines the influence range and effect of the drainage. The larger the elevation characterization parameter, the deeper the blind drain needed to ensure that the drainage measure can effectively reach the deeper disturbance zone or potential sliding surface to achieve deep drainage. Further, the optimization strategy of environmental remediation is adaptively determined according to the actual deformation characteristics in the region, and the reliability of the ecological environment remediation of abandoned mines is improved.

[0116] Specifically, the process of determining the increase range of the grouting hole depth and the decrease range of the hole spacing includes,

[0117] Calculate the mean length of the deformation tendency characterization vector in the feature monitoring region, and determine the mean length as the instability tendency parameter;

[0118] The increase range of the grouting hole depth is positively correlated with the instability tendency parameter;

[0119] The decrease range of the hole spacing is negatively correlated with the homologous characterization parameter.

[0120] Specifically, the increase range of the grouting hole depth is instability tendency parameter / instability tendency parameter reference value x depth factor, and the decrease range of the hole spacing is homologous characterization parameter reference value / homologous characterization parameter x hole spacing factor. The instability tendency parameter reference value is the mean value of the instability tendency parameter under the same working condition in the historical data. The depth factor and the hole spacing factor can be calculated by a person skilled in the art according to the mean value of the historical data under the same working condition. The depth factor can be in the range of [0.05, 0.15], and the hole spacing factor can be in the range of [0.02, 0.1] to avoid excessive or insufficient range adjustment. Preferably, the depth factor can be 0.1, and the hole spacing factor can be 0.05.

[0121] Specifically, under the condition of the second land block tendency category, the increase amplitude of the grouting hole depth and the reduction amplitude of the hole spacing are determined based on the instability tendency parameter and the homologous representation parameter, it can be understood that by establishing a positive correlation between the depth and the instability tendency parameter, it is ensured that for the area with more developed deep and long cracks, a deeper grouting hole is used, so that the grouting fluid can be effectively injected into the deep part of the potential fracture surface to form a reliable reinforced anchoring segment, by establishing a negative correlation between the hole spacing and the homologous representation parameter, the adaptive adjustment of the grouting hole network density is realized, in the area with dense cracks and serious rock mass fragmentation, the hole spacing is automatically reduced to ensure that the reinforced body such as the stone body can be effectively crosslinked into a network to form a complete reinforced curtain to prevent crack propagation and block separation, in the area with relatively sparse cracks, a larger spacing is used to avoid unnecessary engineering waste, and the maximization of the reinforcement effect is realized under the limited cost, and further, the optimization strategy of environmental repair is adaptively determined according to the actual deformation characteristics in the area to improve the reliability of the ecological environment repair of the abandoned mine.

[0122] Specifically, it can be understood that the feature monitoring area of the second land block tendency category, i.e., the structure dominant area, the instability tendency parameter of the area reflects the statistical representation of the average length of the dominant surface cracks in the area, the length of the crack is an important indicator of the depth and scale of its downward extension, a long and continuous surface crack often means that there is a corresponding fracture surface or weak zone in the deep part, and the influence depth is greater, grouting reinforcement can fill and cement these fracture surfaces to restore the integrity of the rock-soil body, the grouting hole depth must be sufficient to penetrate these potential discontinuities, the greater the instability tendency parameter, the greater the design depth required to ensure that the grouting fluid effectively seals the deeper fracture channels to achieve anchoring and reinforcement of the deep rock mass, thereby radically solving the instability risk controlled by the deep structure surface, the homologous representation parameter can represent the average distance between surface cracks, reflecting the spatial frequency of rock mass fragmentation, in the grouting engineering, the hole spacing determines whether the reinforced units formed by adjacent grouting bodies can be effectively connected, when the cracks are dense, i.e., the homologous representation parameter value is small, the rock mass is cut into small fragments with poor stability, a smaller grouting hole spacing must be used to make the grouting fluid diffusion range overlap each other to form a continuous and complete reinforced body to re-cement the small fragments into a whole, thereby dynamically optimizing the density of the grouting network to accurately adapt to the actual fragmentation degree of the rock mass, on the premise of ensuring full coverage of the reinforcement effect, the optimal configuration of materials and engineering quantity is realized, and further, the optimization strategy of environmental repair is adaptively determined according to the actual deformation characteristics in the area to improve the reliability of the ecological environment repair of the abandoned mine.

[0123] The application further provides an abandoned mine ecological environment repair system, comprising:

[0124] The feature acquisition module is configured to acquire temperature parameters, terrain parameters, and a ground surface image of each monitoring area in a preset monitoring period.

[0125] Specifically, the structure of the feature acquisition module is not limited in the embodiment of the present application, and preferably, the feature acquisition module can be a UAV equipped with a laser radar device and a temperature detection device, which will not be described herein.

[0126] The land marking module is connected with the feature acquisition module and configured to determine an elevation representation parameter based on the temperature parameters and the terrain parameters of the monitoring area to mark a feature monitoring area.

[0127] Specifically, the structure of the land marking module is not limited in the embodiment of the present application, and preferably, the land marking module can be a microprocessor configured to mark the feature monitoring area, which will not be described herein.

[0128] The feature recognition module is connected with the feature acquisition module and the land marking module, and configured to recognize a plurality of ground surface texture contours in the ground surface image to determine whether the feature monitoring area has a deformation risk, and to construct a deformation trend representation vector based on the ground surface texture contours.

[0129] Specifically, the structure of the feature recognition module is not limited in the embodiment of the present application, and preferably, the feature recognition module can be a microprocessor configured to recognize the ground surface texture contours and construct the deformation trend representation vector, which will not be described herein.

[0130] The feature analysis module is connected with the feature recognition module and configured to perform homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend representation vector to determine a land trend category of the feature monitoring area.

[0131] Specifically, the structure of the feature analysis module is not limited in the embodiment of the present application, and preferably, the feature analysis module can be a processor used in a computer and configured to determine the land trend category, which will not be described herein.

[0132] The optimization strategy generation module is connected with the feature analysis module and configured to determine an optimization strategy for environmental repair according to the land trend category, and to determine a layout direction and a depth increase range of a blind drain ditch based on a feature direction and the elevation representation parameter.

[0133] An increase range of a grouting hole depth and a reduction range of an inter-hole spacing are determined based on the instability trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter.

[0134] Specifically, the structure of the optimization strategy generation module is not limited in the embodiment of the present application, and preferably, the optimization strategy generation module can be a microprocessor configured to determine the optimization strategy for environmental repair, which will not be described herein.

[0135] So far, the technical solutions of the present application have been described in combination with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present application is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or replacements to the related technical features without departing from the principles of the present application, and the technical solutions after the changes or replacements will all fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0136] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application; the present application can have various changes and variations for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: dividing a mine area to be repaired into a plurality of monitoring areas, and obtaining a plurality of temperature parameters and terrain parameters of each monitoring area in a preset monitoring period by an unmanned aerial vehicle carrying a monitoring device; determining an elevation representation parameter based on the temperature parameters and the terrain parameters of the monitoring areas to mark a characteristic monitoring area; obtaining a ground surface image of each characteristic monitoring area, identifying a plurality of ground surface texture contours in the ground surface image, and determining whether the characteristic monitoring area has a deformation risk, and in response to the presence of the deformation risk, constructing a deformation trend representation vector based on the ground surface texture contours; performing homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend representation vector to determine a similar trend parameter and a homologous representation parameter, and determining a block trend category of the characteristic monitoring area based on the similar trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter; determining an optimization strategy for environmental repair according to the block trend category, wherein the optimization strategy comprises determining a layout direction and a depth increase range of an underground drainage blind ditch based on a characteristic direction and the elevation representation parameter, and the characteristic direction is determined according to a plurality of deformation trend representation vector direction vectors; determining an increase range of a grouting hole depth and a reduction range of an inter-hole spacing based on an instability trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter, and the instability trend parameter is determined according to a plurality of deformation trend representation vectors.

2. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of marking the characteristic monitoring area comprises the following steps: obtaining the temperature parameters and the corresponding terrain parameters of each monitoring area at a plurality of monitoring times in a preset monitoring period; calculating a difference value between a terrain parameter corresponding to a minimum temperature parameter and a terrain parameter corresponding to a maximum temperature parameter, and determining the difference value as an elevation representation parameter of the monitoring area; if the elevation representation parameter of the monitoring area exceeds a preset elevation representation parameter threshold, marking the monitoring area as a characteristic monitoring area; wherein the terrain parameter is the average value of the altitudes of a plurality of monitoring points in the monitoring area.

3. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of determining whether the characteristic monitoring area has a deformation risk comprises the following steps: if the number of ground surface texture contours in the characteristic monitoring area exceeds a preset number threshold, it is determined that the characteristic monitoring area has a deformation risk.

4. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of performing homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend representation vector comprises the following steps: obtaining a plurality of deformation trend representation vectors in the characteristic monitoring area; calculating a vector angle mean value of each deformation trend representation vector, and determining the vector angle mean value as the similar trend parameter; calculating a shortest distance between each deformation trend representation vector and the remaining deformation trend representation vectors, and determining a shortest distance mean value as the homologous representation parameter.

5. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of determining the block trend category of the characteristic monitoring area comprises the following steps: if the similar trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter of the characteristic monitoring area meet a first block trend condition, it is determined that the characteristic monitoring area is of a first block trend category; if the similar trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter of the characteristic monitoring area do not meet the first block trend condition, it is determined that the characteristic monitoring area is of a second block trend category; the first block trend condition is that the similar trend parameter exceeds a preset similar trend parameter threshold, and the homologous representation parameter does not exceed a preset homologous representation parameter threshold.

6. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of determining the optimization strategy for environmental repair comprises the following steps: If the feature monitoring area is the first land mass trend category, a layout direction and a depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch are determined based on a feature direction and the elevation representation parameter; If the feature monitoring area is the second land mass trend category, an increase range of the grouting hole depth and a reduction range of the hole spacing are determined based on a failure trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter.

7. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of determining the feature direction based on the sub-vectors of the deformation trend representation vectors comprises, performing orthogonal decomposition on the deformation trend representation vectors in the feature monitoring area, and marking the sub-vectors obtained by the orthogonal decomposition of each deformation trend representation vector as a first sub-vector and a second sub-vector respectively; calculating a first sub-vector module length average and a second sub-vector module length average respectively; determining the direction corresponding to the maximum of the first sub-vector module length average and the second sub-vector module length average as the feature direction.

8. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of determining the layout direction and the depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch comprises, the layout direction of the underground drainage blind ditch is arranged along a direction perpendicular to the feature direction; the depth increase range is in a positive correlation with the elevation representation parameter.

9. The method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of determining the increase range of the grouting hole depth and the reduction range of the hole spacing comprises, calculating a module length average of the deformation trend representation vectors in the feature monitoring area, and determining the module length average as the failure trend parameter; the increase range of the grouting hole depth is in a positive correlation with the failure trend parameter; the reduction range of the hole spacing is in a negative correlation with the homologous representation parameter.

10. A system for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines for performing the method for ecological environment restoration of abandoned mines according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, It comprises: a feature acquisition module configured to acquire a plurality of temperature parameters, terrain parameters, and surface images of each monitoring area in a preset monitoring period; a land mass marking module connected with the feature acquisition module, configured to determine an elevation representation parameter based on the temperature parameters and the terrain parameters of the monitoring area to mark a feature monitoring area; a feature recognition module connected with the feature acquisition module and the land mass marking module respectively, configured to recognize a plurality of surface texture contours in the surface images to determine whether the feature monitoring area has a deformation risk, and to construct a deformation trend representation vector based on the surface texture contours; a feature analysis module connected with the feature recognition module, configured to perform homologous trend analysis on each deformation trend representation vector to determine a land mass trend category of the feature monitoring area; an optimization strategy generation module connected with the feature analysis module, configured to determine an optimization strategy of environmental remediation according to the land mass trend category, i.e., to determine a layout direction and a depth increase range of the underground drainage blind ditch based on a feature direction and the elevation representation parameter; to determine an increase range of the grouting hole depth and a reduction range of the hole spacing based on a failure trend parameter and the homologous representation parameter.

Images