Fault detection device and method and under-mine video monitoring system

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a fault detection device and method and an under-mine video monitoring system, and the device comprises a core processing unit; the communication fault detection module is in communication connection with the core processing unit and is used for performing state diagnosis on the switch or the holder; the interface adaptation module is connected with the communication fault detection module, and the interface adaptation module is used for being connected with an Ethernet interface corresponding to the switch and a vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface; and the mode switching module is connected with the core processing unit and the interface adaptation module. Through the scheme of the invention, whether the fault is from the holder or the switch can be quickly and accurately distinguished and positioned on site, and the troubleshooting efficiency of the video monitoring system under the mine is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of switch, in particular to a fault detection device, method and underground video monitoring system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The underground video monitoring system is usually composed of an explosion-proof power supply, an intrinsically safe switch and an intrinsically safe pan-tilt camera. In the related art, the pan-tilt can be detected separately by using image analysis, or the switch can be detected separately by sending network messages. However, when the underground video monitoring system fails and the pan-tilt cannot upload images, due to the complex underground environment and the close coupling between devices, it is difficult to quickly and accurately distinguish whether the fault point is located in the pan-tilt, the switch or the connection link between the two. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a fault detection device, method and underground video monitoring system, which can solve the problem of being unable to quickly and accurately distinguish whether the fault point is located in the pan-tilt, the switch or the connection link between the two.

[0004] Therefore, the embodiments of the first aspect of the present application provide a fault detection device.

[0005] The embodiments of the second aspect of the present application provide a fault detection method.

[0006] The embodiments of the third aspect of the present application provide an underground video monitoring system.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides a fault detection device for an underground video monitoring system, the underground video monitoring system comprising a switch and a pan-tilt, the switch comprising a switching board and a protocol conversion board, the switch converting an Ethernet protocol in the switching board into a vehicle-mounted Ethernet through the protocol conversion board, the switch being in communication connection with the pan-tilt through the vehicle-mounted Ethernet, the fault detection device comprising: a core processing unit; a communication fault detection module, the communication fault detection module being in communication connection with the core processing unit, and being used for performing state diagnosis on the switch or the pan-tilt; an interface adaptation module, the interface adaptation module being connected with the communication fault detection module, and the interface adaptation module being used for connecting an Ethernet interface corresponding to the switch and a vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface; a mode switching module, the mode switching module being connected with the core processing unit and the interface adaptation module; wherein the core processing unit is configured to control the mode switching module to switch between a first detection state and a second detection state; in the first detection state, the interface adaptation module is connected with the vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface through the mode switching module, so that the communication fault detection module performs independent detection on the pan-tilt through the interface adaptation module; in the second detection state, the interface adaptation module is connected with the Ethernet interface through the mode switching module, so that the communication fault detection module performs independent detection on the switch through the interface adaptation module.

[0008] The fault detection device provided by the present application acts on the underground video monitoring system, the underground video monitoring system comprising a switch and a pan-tilt, wherein the switch is a network hub, and the pan-tilt is an image acquisition end. The core of the fault detection device is that a mode switching module, an interface adaptation module and a communication fault detection module are integrated, and intelligent control is performed through a core processing unit. The fault detection device can reconfigure the correspondence between the internal connection of the interface adaptation module and the external interface through the switching conduction mode of the interface adaptation module:

[0009] In the first detection state, the fault detection device simulates the role of the switch, is connected to the vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface corresponding to the pan-tilt, and performs independent diagnosis on the pan-tilt through the communication fault detection module.

[0010] In the second detection state, the fault detection device simulates the role of a network terminal, is connected to the Ethernet interface corresponding to the switch, and performs independent diagnosis on the switch.

[0011] Therefore, only the single device of the fault detection device can quickly and accurately distinguish and locate whether the fault is from the pan-tilt, the switch or the link, thereby improving the fault troubleshooting efficiency of the underground video monitoring system.

[0012] In some embodiments, the interface adaptation module comprises a signal conversion circuit, which is configured to convert and adapt the network signal line between the connection side of the Ethernet interface and the communication fault detection module, or between the connection side of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface and the communication fault detection module.

[0013] In the present embodiment, the signal conversion circuit serves as an adapter between the internal standard network circuit of the device and the external diversified mining equipment interface, and its core function is to reconstruct and match the electrical characteristics and line connection relationship of the network signal at the physical layer.

[0014] In some embodiments, the signal conversion circuit is configured to convert the network signal of the Ethernet into the internal communication signal of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet.

[0015] In the present embodiment, the core function of the signal conversion circuit is defined, that is, to realize the physical layer protocol conversion between the Ethernet interface and the vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface.

[0016] In some embodiments, the fault detection device further comprises a key input module, which is electrically connected to the core processing unit, and is configured to set an Internet Protocol (IP) address, and the core processing unit is configured to determine a control instruction of the mode switching module according to the IP address, so as to control the mode switching module to switch between the first detection state and the second detection state through the control instruction; and a display module, which is electrically connected to the core processing unit, and is configured to display the input information corresponding to the key input module, and generate the control instruction and at least one communication parameter of the switch or the pan-tilt head through the core processing unit according to the IP address.

[0017] In the present embodiment, the IP address is set through the key input module, and the core processing unit automatically judges and controls the mode switching module to intelligently switch between the pan-tilt head detection state and the switch detection state according to the IP address, and the input information and network diagnosis parameters are fed back in real time through the display module.

[0018] In some embodiments, in the first detection state, the communication fault detection module and the pan-tilt head are in the same network segment, and in the second detection state, the communication fault detection module and the switch are in the same network segment.

[0019] In the present embodiment, in the two detection modes, the communication fault detection module must be in the same IP network subnet as the detected pan-tilt head or switch.

[0020] In some technical solutions, the fault detection device may optionally include: a power processing module, which is electrically connected to the core processing unit and is used to convert the battery voltage into the voltage required by the core processing unit; a built-in battery module, which is electrically connected to the power processing module; and a wireless charging module, which is electrically connected to the built-in battery module and the power processing module and is used to charge the built-in battery module wirelessly to supply power to the power processing module.

[0021] In this solution, the radio frequency energy in the environment is captured and converted into DC power by the wireless charging module. On the one hand, it replenishes the energy of the built-in battery module, and on the other hand, it prioritizes powering the power processing module directly when there is sufficient energy.

[0022] The power processing module is responsible for efficiently and stably converting the unstable voltage from the battery or direct supply into the various operating voltages required by the fault detection device, and managing the intelligent switching between the two inputs.

[0023] By using a wireless charging module and a built-in processing module, a dual-mode power supply system is achieved, with direct environmental energy supply as the primary method and battery buffering as a secondary method. This completely frees the fault detection device from dependence on wired power supplies and frequent manual charging, enabling long-term, safe, and maintenance-free deployment in the harsh environment of mines and fundamentally solving the problem of power supply difficulties for underground electronic equipment.

[0024] In some technical solutions, optionally, the wireless charging module includes a power receiving antenna, an impedance matching module, a rectifier module, and an energy management chip; the output of the power receiving antenna is connected to the input of the impedance matching module to capture radio frequency energy in the environment; the output of the impedance matching module is connected to the input of the rectifier module to optimize energy transmission efficiency; the output of the rectifier module is connected to the energy input pin of the energy management chip to convert radio frequency energy into DC power; the energy management chip is used to manage the DC power and charge the built-in battery module.

[0025] In this solution, the wireless charging module forms a cascaded signal chain with a power receiving antenna, an impedance matching module, a rectifier module, and an energy management chip. This chain converts the weak radio frequency energy in the environment into stable DC power step by step, and charges the built-in battery or directly powers the fault detection device.

[0026] An embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention provides a fault detection method for use with the fault detection device as described in the first aspect. The fault detection method includes: setting the Internet Protocol address of the fault detection device via a key input module; generating control commands based on the Internet Protocol address via a core processing unit; executing the control commands via the core processing unit to switch between a first detection state and a second detection state via a control mode switching module; establishing a connection between a control interface adapter module and a target device in the switched detection state; wherein, in the first detection state, the target device is a pan-tilt unit, and the interface adapter module is connected to the vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface of a switch; in the second detection state, the target device is a switch, and the interface adapter module is connected to the Ethernet interface of the switch; and performing status diagnosis on the target device via a communication fault detection module and the interface adapter module.

[0027] The fault detection method provided by this invention acts on the fault detection device. It begins with the simple action of the user setting the device's IP address by pressing a button. The core processing unit then intelligently determines the target device type based on the address and automatically generates control commands to drive the hardware switching module to reconstruct the device's internal path to the corresponding detection state (the first state connects to the vehicle's Ethernet interface to detect the pan-tilt unit, and the second state connects to the Ethernet interface to detect the switch).

[0028] Subsequently, the fault detection device performs multi-layered proactive diagnosis of the target device from the link layer to the application layer using the standard network protocol stack.

[0029] The fault detection method fully encapsulates complex network topology analysis, hardware interface switching, and professional protocol diagnostic technology into a simple user operation, enabling downhole personnel to perform independent and accurate status diagnosis of switches or PTZs with a single click without professional knowledge, greatly improving the efficiency and reliability of fault diagnosis.

[0030] In some technical solutions, optionally, the core processing unit generates control instructions based on the Internet Protocol address, including: obtaining a preset PTZ network segment address; comparing the Internet Protocol address with the preset PTZ network segment address; if the Internet Protocol address belongs to the preset PTZ network segment address, generating a first control instruction for switching to a first detection state; if the Internet Protocol address does not belong to the preset PTZ network segment address, generating a second control instruction for switching to a second detection state.

[0031] In this solution, a preset PTZ network segment address is used as the judgment criterion. The IP address entered by the user is automatically classified through subnet matching calculation: if it belongs to the preset PTZ network segment address, an instruction is generated to switch the control hardware to the first detection state (connecting the vehicle Ethernet interface to detect the PTZ); otherwise, an instruction is generated to switch to the second detection state (connecting the Ethernet interface to detect the switch).

[0032] An embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention provides a video surveillance system for underground mining, which includes a switch and a PTZ camera. The switch includes a switching board and a protocol conversion board. The switch converts the Ethernet protocol in the switching board into vehicle Ethernet through the protocol conversion board. The switch communicates with the PTZ camera through the vehicle Ethernet.

[0033] Additional aspects and advantages of the technical solutions of the present invention will become apparent in the following description or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 One of the structural schematic block diagrams of the fault detection device according to this application is shown;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic block diagram of the underground video monitoring system according to this application is shown;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic block diagram of the interface adaptation module according to this application is shown;

[0037] Figure 4 A second schematic block diagram of the fault detection device according to this application is shown;

[0038] Figure 5 A third schematic block diagram of the fault detection device according to this application is shown;

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic block diagram of the structure of the wireless charging module according to this application is shown;

[0040] Figure 7 A block diagram of the internal components of a tool for locating switch and PTZ malfunctions according to this application is shown.

[0041] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a wireless charging unit according to this application is shown;

[0042] Figure 9 One of the flowcharts of the fault detection method according to this application is shown;

[0043] Figure 10 A second schematic flowchart of the fault detection method according to this application is shown.

[0044] Among them, 100: Fault detection device; 102: Core processing unit; 104: Communication fault detection module; 106: Interface adapter module; 108: Mode switching module; 1062: Signal conversion circuit; 110: Key input module; 112: Display module; 114: Power processing module; 116: Built-in battery module; 118: Wireless charging module; 1182: Power receiving antenna; 1184: Impedance matching module; 1186: Rectifier module; 1188: Energy management chip;

[0045] 200: Underground video surveillance system; 202: Switch; 204: Pan / Tilt-Zoom (PTZ); 2022: Vehicle Ethernet interface; 2024: Ethernet interface; 3000: Switching board; 3002: Protocol conversion board;

[0046] A1: Core processing unit; A2: Power processing unit; A3: Communication and fault detection circuit; A4: PTZ / switch switching circuit; A5: PTZ / switch interface circuit; A6: Key input circuit; A7: Display circuit; E1: Built-in lithium battery unit; E2: Wireless charging unit. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To better understand the above-described objectives, features, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0048] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, embodiments of the invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0049] The underground video surveillance system mainly consists of a mine-use explosion-proof and intrinsically safe voltage regulator (hereinafter referred to as the voltage regulator), a mine-use intrinsically safe gigabit ring network switch (hereinafter referred to as the switch), and a mine-use intrinsically safe pan-tilt camera (hereinafter referred to as the pan-tilt). The switch has 2 quick-connect optical cables, 1 power supply interface, 1 communication interface, and 3 network communication ports; the power supply is connected to the switch's power supply interface, and the pan-tilt is connected to the switch's network interface.

[0050] When a video surveillance system malfunctions, the pan-tilt unit (PTZ) cannot upload images normally. At this time, it's impossible to determine which device in the system is faulty. Because the underground environment is relatively complex compared to the surface, rapid location of equipment malfunctions is particularly important in mines.

[0051] It is essential for miners to carry equipment or tools for rapid fault detection in order to locate system malfunctions.

[0052] Image analysis for detecting PTZ malfunctions is a mature technology; and message transmission for detecting switch malfunctions is widely used.

[0053] However, when the switch and the PTZ cannot communicate, it is impossible to determine whether the fault lies with the switch or the PTZ; furthermore, the system cannot be taken down into the mine to troubleshoot video system faults.

[0054] The fault detection device, method, and underground video monitoring system provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0055] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a fault detection device 100 for use in an underground video monitoring system 200. The underground video monitoring system 200 includes a switch 202 and a pan-tilt unit 204. The switch 202 includes a switching board 3000 and a protocol conversion board 3002. The switch 202 converts the Ethernet protocol in the switching board 3000 into vehicle Ethernet through the protocol conversion board 3002. The switch 202 is communicatively connected to the pan-tilt unit 204 through the vehicle Ethernet. The fault detection device 100 includes: a core processing unit 102; a communication fault detection module 104, which is communicatively connected to the core processing unit 102 and is used to perform status diagnosis on the switch 202 or the pan-tilt unit 204; and an interface adapter module 106, which is connected to the communication fault detection module 104 and is used to connect to the switch 202 or the pan-tilt unit 204. The device 202 includes an Ethernet interface 2024 and a vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface 2022; a mode switching module 108, which is connected to the core processing unit 102 and the interface adapter module 106; wherein, the core processing unit 102 is configured to control the mode switching module 108 to switch between a first detection state and a second detection state; in the first detection state, the mode switching module 108 controls the interface adapter module 106 to connect to the vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface 2022, so that the communication fault detection module 104 can independently detect the pan-tilt unit 204 through the interface adapter module 106; in the second detection state, the mode switching module 108 controls the interface adapter module 106 to connect to the Ethernet interface 2024, so that the communication fault detection module 104 can independently detect the switch 202 through the interface adapter module 106.

[0056] The fault detection device 100 provided by the present invention is applied to the underground video monitoring system 200, which includes a switch 202 and a pan-tilt unit 204. The switch 202 is a network hub and the pan-tilt unit 204 is an image acquisition terminal.

[0057] The core of the fault detection device 100 lies in its integration of a mode switching module 108, an interface adapter module 106, and a communication fault detection module 104, all intelligently controlled by a core processing unit 102. The fault detection device 100 can reconstruct the correspondence between the internal connections and external interfaces of the interface adapter module 106 by switching the conduction mode within the interface adapter module 106.

[0058] In the first detection state, the fault detection device 100 simulates the role of the switch 202 and connects to the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 corresponding to the PTZ 204, and performs independent diagnosis on the PTZ 204 through the communication fault detection module 104.

[0059] In the second detection state, the fault detection device 100 simulates the role of a network terminal, connects to the Ethernet interface 2024 corresponding to the switch 202, and performs independent diagnosis on the switch 202.

[0060] Thus, the fault detection device 100 alone can quickly and accurately distinguish and locate whether the fault originates from the pan-tilt unit 204, the switch 202, or the connection link on site, thereby improving the fault diagnosis efficiency of the underground video monitoring system 200.

[0061] Specifically, the fault detection target system of the fault detection device 100 is the underground video monitoring system 200. The core of the underground video monitoring system 200 includes a switch 202 and a pan-tilt unit 204. The switch 202 includes a switching board 3000 and a protocol conversion board 3002. The switch 202 converts the Ethernet protocol in the switching board 3000 into vehicle Ethernet through the protocol conversion board 3002. The switch 202 communicates with the pan-tilt unit 204 through the corresponding vehicle Ethernet interface 2022. When the underground video monitoring system 200 is working normally, the pan-tilt unit 204 connects to the switch 202 through the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 and uploads the collected video or image data to the data network through the switch 202.

[0062] Ethernet interface 2024 is the interface corresponding to the Ethernet protocol in switch 202.

[0063] The core processing unit 102 has a built-in microcontroller unit (MCU). The core processing unit 102 runs an embedded operating system or a bare-metal program. The firmware of the core processing unit 102 is responsible for scheduling the entire fault detection process, which specifically includes: responding to user input, generating switching instructions based on preset logic or Internet Protocol (IP) address, controlling the operation of the mode switching module 108, issuing specific diagnostic tasks to the communication fault detection module 104 (such as "performing a Ping test on IP address 192.168.1.100"), receiving and analyzing diagnostic results, and driving the display module 112 to output information.

[0064] It is understandable that the core processing unit 102 is the central unit for the coordinated operation of the entire fault detection device 100.

[0065] The communication fault detection module 104 is a hardware and software combination integrating a network protocol stack and diagnostic logic. The core function of the communication fault detection module 104 is to actively initiate network communication and analyze the response of the target device to determine whether the target device is online, whether the port is open, or whether the service is normal.

[0066] The target devices include switch 202 and PTZ 204.

[0067] For example, the network communications initiated by the communication fault detection module 104 include, but are not limited to: sending Packet Internet Groper (Ping) packets, Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) requests, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection requests, and specific protocol instructions.

[0068] The interface adapter module 106 is used to solve physical connection compatibility issues. Since the interface of mining equipment may use special standards or simplified wiring (such as two-wire network), while the internal communication fault detection module 104 usually works based on standard Ethernet (4 pairs of twisted pairs, i.e. four-wire network).

[0069] Therefore, the interface adapter module 106 includes circuits for level conversion, signal conditioning, and line sequence conversion to ensure that the communication fault detection module 104 and the interface of the switch 202 can maintain correct communication.

[0070] It should be emphasized that under normal use, the interface adapter module 106 is connected to the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 and Ethernet interface 2024 corresponding to the switch 202. After the detection state is switched by the mode switching module 108, one of the following paths is established: the interface adapter module 106 is connected to the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 or the Ethernet interface 2024, so that the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 can communicate with the communication fault detection module 104, or the Ethernet interface 2024 can be connected to the communication fault detection module 104.

[0071] For example, the communication fault detection module 104 and the core processing unit 102 interact with each other via a data bus or a parallel bus.

[0072] For example, the connection between the mode switching module 108 and the core processing unit 102 is a control line, used to receive control commands from the core processing unit 102 to the mode switching module 108. The connection between the mode switching module 108 and the interface adapter module 106 is a controlled signal path. The mode switching module 108 is inserted between the external connection point of the interface adapter module 106 and the internal fixed link, and by closing and opening the switch, it determines whether the external port of the interface adapter module 106 is connected to the path corresponding to the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 or the path corresponding to the Ethernet interface 2024.

[0073] The mode switching module 108, as an electronic switch driven by the core processing unit 102, forcibly guides the output signal of the interface adapter module 106 to the vehicle Ethernet interface or Ethernet interface 2024 by physically connecting or disconnecting different paths, so that the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 and the communication fault detection module 104 can communicate, or the Ethernet interface 2024 and the fault detection module can communicate, ensuring absolute isolation between the first detection state and the second detection state on the physical link.

[0074] The core processing unit 102 implements state machine logic through firmware, and can generate a clear state switching instruction internally based on user input (such as the gimbal 204 mode selected by the button) or preset rules (such as automatically judging based on the network segment to which its own IP address belongs).

[0075] For example, state switching instructions are represented at the hardware level as a set of predefined combinations of digital level signals. For instance, a binary code 01 is assigned to the first detection state, and a code 10 is assigned to the second detection state.

[0076] After completing the signal conversion, the interface adapter module 106 will lead out a set of lines from its output standard Ethernet differential signal pairs. These lines will serve as the source signal bus and be directly connected to the common input terminal of the mode switching module 108.

[0077] The mode switching module 108 has at least two independent output port groups, each of which contains a complete set of transmit and receive differential pairs.

[0078] After the switch is completed, a dedicated physical communication link from the inside to the outside is established. The path is: communication fault detection module 104, interface adapter module 106, external cable, and vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 or Ethernet interface 2024 of switch 202.

[0079] In the first detection state, the physical path is connected to the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 of the switch 202. At this time, the core processing unit 102 commands the communication fault detection module 104 to simulate the behavior of the original switch 202.

[0080] The communication fault detection module 104 initiates network communication with the IP address of the PTZ 204. For example: it sends an ARP request to check if the network chip of the PTZ 204 is alive; it sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Ping to check network layer reachability; and it attempts to establish a TCP connection with the video stream port of the PTZ 204 to check if the application service is responding.

[0081] All communication must pass through the single path of fault detection device 100, vehicle Ethernet interface 2022, and PTZ 204. Failure to test any layer of the protocol directly indicates that the fault exists in the entire link from the network port of switch 202 to PTZ 204 (including PTZ 204 itself), thus eliminating the possibility of other parts of switch 202 being faulty.

[0082] In the second detection state, the physical path is connected to the Ethernet interface 2024 of switch 202. At this time, the core processing unit 102 commands the communication fault detection module 104 to simulate an external network management terminal connected to the Ethernet interface 2024. The diagnostic target becomes the management IP of switch 202 itself or the link status of the Ethernet interface 2024.

[0083] By querying the system status of switch 202 through Ethernet interface 2024, if the test fails at this time, but the first status test succeeds, it proves that the internal forwarding function of switch 202 (connecting to PTZ 204) is normal, but there is a fault in its own management system or uplink, thus achieving precise location of the fault point inside or outside switch 202.

[0084] Understandably, the fault detection of the underground video monitoring system 200 is achieved directly by the switching circuit of the pan-tilt unit 204 and the switch 202 and the communication fault detection module 104 under the scheduling of the core processing unit 102. When the underground video monitoring system 200 experiences image interruption, it can clearly distinguish on-site within minutes whether the fault originates from the pan-tilt unit 204, the switch 202 or the connection link between the two, thereby improving the fault detection efficiency.

[0085] Furthermore, the detection functions of both the switch 202 and the PTZ 204 are integrated into one unit, avoiding the inconvenience of carrying and maintaining multiple instruments in the past, and reducing purchase costs, training costs, and maintenance complexity. The integrated design reduces external dependencies and interface compatibility issues, improving the overall reliability of the fault detection device 100 as a dedicated tool.

[0086] In some embodiments, the interface adapter module 106 may optionally be connected to the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 or the Ethernet interface 2024 separately.

[0087] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, the interface adapter module 106 includes a signal conversion circuit 1062, which is used to convert and adapt network signal lines between the connection side of the Ethernet interface 2024 and the communication fault detection module 104, or to convert and adapt network signal lines between the connection side of the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 and the communication fault detection module 104.

[0088] In this embodiment, the signal conversion circuit 1062 serves as an adapter between the internal standard network circuit and the external diverse mining equipment interface. Its core function is to reconstruct and match the electrical characteristics and line connection relationships of the network signal at the physical layer.

[0089] Specifically, the interface adapter module 106 can perform corresponding isolation, filtering and wire sequence conversion operations according to the path selected by the current mode switching module 108 (connecting to the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 or Ethernet interface 2024), thereby ensuring that diagnostic data packets can be transmitted without loss across different interface standards (e.g., realizing the conversion from two-wire network to four-wire network).

[0090] Understandably, the signal conversion circuit 1062 in the interface adapter module 106 converts and adapts the network signals between the external interface and the communication fault detection module 104, thus solving the compatibility problem of the mining equipment interface and ensuring the reliability of signal transmission in the complex underground electromagnetic environment.

[0091] Specifically, the signal conversion circuit 1062 typically includes: a network isolation transformer, used to provide electrical isolation and prevent damage to the internal precision communication fault detection module 104 and core processing unit 102 from surges, ground potential differences, etc., that may be introduced by external cables. Simultaneously, the network isolation transformer completes signal coupling and impedance matching; a common-mode rejection filter, used to filter out common-mode noise superimposed during signal transmission, improving the signal-to-noise ratio and communication reliability under complex electromagnetic environments downhole; and a wiring sequence conversion circuit, which is the core for realizing functions such as two-wire network to four-wire network conversion. The wiring sequence conversion circuit is a set of circuits configured by jumpers and DIP switches, or more intelligently, an automatic cross / direct connection detection and switching circuit composed of electronic switches. The function of the wiring sequence conversion circuit is to rearrange the connection relationship of the four signal lines corresponding to the transmitting and receiving communication fault detection module 104 to match the interface wiring sequence standard of the switch 202 or pan / tilt unit 204.

[0092] For example, a network isolation transformer is connected to a common-mode rejection filter, and the common-mode rejection filter is connected to a line sequence conversion circuit.

[0093] For example, in the first detection state, the core processing unit 102 controls the mode switching module 108 to connect the output path of the interface adapter module 106 to the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 side.

[0094] At this time, the standard Ethernet differential signal from the communication fault detection module 104 enters the signal conversion circuit 1062 of the interface adapter module 106.

[0095] The conversion circuit first performs electrical isolation and filtering to ensure a clean signal. Next, the circuit rearranges the four-wire signal according to a preset or automatically detected specific wiring sequence rule for the link between the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 and the PTZ 204. For example, if the target PTZ 204 uses a simplified 2-wire system, the circuit needs to combine and convert the 4-wire signal to two pairs of wires using specific drive / multiplexing techniques, and may handle the superposition of DC power supplies.

[0096] The converted signal, which conforms to the electrical and wiring specifications of the external interface, is sent to the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 of the switch 202 through the channel selected by the mode switching module 108, and finally arrives at the PTZ 204.

[0097] For example, in the second detection state, the core processing unit 102 controls the mode switching module 108 to switch the output path of the interface adapter module 106 to the Ethernet interface 2024 side.

[0098] The same set of standard signals from the communication fault detection module 104 re-enters the signal conversion circuit 1062 of the interface adapter module 106.

[0099] At this point, the signal conversion circuit 1062 may need to apply a different set of conversion parameters. This is because the electrical characteristics and wiring definitions of the Ethernet interface 2024 of the switch 202 and the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 may differ. For example, the Ethernet interface 2024 may require different terminating resistor matching or level standards.

[0100] The signal conversion circuit 1062 automatically or by preset switches to the corresponding adaptation mode according to the current path, performs corresponding isolation, filtering and format conversion on the signal to make it conform to the requirements of Ethernet interface 2024, and then outputs it.

[0101] Understandably, the signal conversion circuit 1062 integrates adaptation logic for different interface standards. Regardless of whether the external interface is two-wire, four-wire, or has a specific wiring sequence, the signal conversion circuit 1062 can translate it into a signal that can be processed by the internal standard circuit, and vice versa. This greatly improves the field applicability and convenience of the device.

[0102] In some embodiments, the signal conversion circuit 1062 is optionally used to convert a two-wire network signal into a four-wire internal communication signal.

[0103] In this embodiment, the core function of the signal conversion circuit 1062 is defined, namely, to realize the physical layer protocol conversion between the two-wire mining equipment interface and the four-wire standard internal circuit.

[0104] Through built-in hardware circuitry, external mixed signals are decoupled and separated into standard Ethernet transmit and receive differential signal pairs that can be processed independently. This conversion is key to the fault detection device 100's ability to directly and reliably access mainstream mining switches 202 and PTZ 204 on the market. It solves the most basic physical connection compatibility problem, enabling advanced network protocol diagnostic functions to be implemented on simplified, non-standard industrial field links. This ensures the integrity of diagnostic signals and ultimately achieves plug-and-play functionality and wide applicability of the fault detection device 100.

[0105] Two-wire network signals are commonly found in some space- and cost-constrained or early-designed mining equipment (such as some intrinsically safe PTZ 204 or simplified interfaces of switch 202). Two-wire network signals use a pair of twisted-pair cables (or wires) to simultaneously transmit (TX) and receive (RX) data, often employing a DC power supply and data multiplexing method, hence the name two-wire network. Data signals and DC power flow in opposite directions simultaneously on these two wires.

[0106] Four-wire internal communication refers to the specification followed by the internal communication fault detection module 104 (which typically contains a standard Ethernet chip) of the fault detection device 100. Four-wire internal communication uses two independent pairs of differential twisted pairs, one pair dedicated to transmitting (TX+, TX-) and the other pair dedicated to receiving (RX+, RX-), for a total of four wires. Data and power are typically separated. This is the physical basis of standard Ethernet.

[0107] The core function of the signal conversion circuit 1062 is to decouple, separate, and restore external mixed signals to standard signals, and vice versa.

[0108] In some embodiments, the signal conversion circuit 1062 may optionally include the following sub-circuits:

[0109] The signal separation and coupling network allows a mixed signal (Data + DC) from an external two-wire input to enter the primary winding of the transformer. The transformer's core coupling transmits the data signal to the secondary winding, while the DC component is blocked. A center tap on the secondary winding can be used to separate the transmit and receive paths, or to introduce / extract DC power.

[0110] The power supply and data separation circuit completely separates the DC power supply and AC data signal on the cable through a filter network composed of inductors (blocking AC and passing DC) and capacitors (passing AC and blocking DC). The separated DC power can be used by the fault detection device 100 or to simulate external power supply conditions; the clean data signal is then processed.

[0111] Transmit / receive direction switching and signal driving circuit. Since a pair of lines needs to both transmit and receive, the circuit requires an electronic switch consisting of a high-speed analog switch or a dedicated transmit / receive switching chip. Under the control of the core processing unit 102, the electronic switch connects the internal transmitter (TX) to the line pair during the transmission period and switches the line pair to the internal receiver (RX) during the reception period, thus realizing time-division half-duplex communication.

[0112] Impedance matching and signal conditioning circuitry ensures impedance matching before and after conversion, preventing signal reflection. This circuitry may also include amplifiers or attenuators to adjust the signal amplitude to meet the input requirements of the internal chip of the communication fault detection module 104.

[0113] The data signal, superimposed with DC power supply, from the two-wire interface of the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 enters the signal conversion circuit 1062. The signal conversion circuit 1062 separates the DC component (power supply), and the AC data component is coupled to the secondary side via a transformer. During the reception period, the transmit / receive switch connects the transformer secondary output to the internal receive differential pair (RX+, RX-). After impedance matching and conditioning, the signal forms a clean, standard-amplitude differential signal, which is sent to the chip receive pin of the communication fault detection module 104 to complete data reception.

[0114] Underground workers do not need to distinguish whether the equipment interface is two-wire or four-wire, nor do they need to prepare cables with special wiring sequences. Using a standard mining two-core cable, the device automatically completes all adaptation work internally.

[0115] The conversion circuit is designed with demodulation capability for two-wire signals pre-installed. After the user connects, the device automatically operates in the correct mode, completely black-boxing the complex physical layer adaptation process, thus reducing the barrier to entry and the risk of operational errors.

[0116] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, the fault detection device 100 further includes: a key input module 110, which is electrically connected to the core processing unit 102. The key input module 110 is used to set the Internet Protocol address. The core processing unit 102 determines the control command corresponding to the mode switching module 108 according to the Internet Protocol address, so as to control the mode switching module 108 to switch between the first detection state and the second detection state through the control command; and a display module 112, which is electrically connected to the core processing unit 102, and is used to display the input information corresponding to the key input module 110, as well as at least one communication parameter between the interface adapter module 106 and the switch 202 or the pan-tilt unit 204.

[0117] In this embodiment, the Internet Protocol (IP) address is set through the key input module 110, and the core processing unit 102 automatically judges and controls the mode switching module 108 to intelligently switch between the detection status of the PTZ 204 and the detection status of the switch 202 based on the IP address. At the same time, the input information and network diagnostic parameters are fed back in real time through the display module 112.

[0118] Understandably, simplifying the complex network fault location process into a closed-loop operation of inputting the IP address, automatic execution, and intuitive display enables non-professionals to quickly and accurately complete equipment diagnosis in the complex environment of underground mines. This significantly lowers the operating threshold, improves troubleshooting efficiency and the reliability of results, and is a key feature for the device to achieve intelligence and on-site operation.

[0119] Specifically, the key input module 110 is typically a matrix keypad or an independent key group, directly connected to the general-purpose input / output port of the core processing unit 102. Each key corresponds to a specific function or number, and signal stability is ensured through pull-up resistors and debouncing circuits.

[0120] Users can enter IP configuration mode by using a specific key combination (such as the "Settings" key) through the key input module 110.

[0121] Enter the four segments of the IP address in decimal form using the number keys (e.g., 192.168.1.100), and press the confirmation key to complete the input.

[0122] The level changes generated by the key are detected by the input / output port pins of the core processing unit 102. The firmware program inside the core processing unit 102 performs key scanning and decoding, parses the continuous key actions into specific IP address values, and stores them in its internal non-volatile memory.

[0123] The core processing unit 102 reads the IP address set by the user and calculates the network number or network segment to which the IP address belongs based on the preset subnet mask.

[0124] Furthermore, the fault detection device 100 typically has pre-stored or user-defined network topology information for the target system. For example, the IP address of the PTZ 204 is located in the 192.168.1.0 / 24 network segment, or the IP address of the switch 202 is located in the 192.168.1.0 / 30 network segment.

[0125] If the calculated network segment matches the preset PTZ device network segment, the core processing unit 102 determines that PTZ 204 detection should be performed. Subsequently, its internal state machine or control logic unit generates a specific digital control instruction word.

[0126] This instruction word is sent to the mode switching module 108 via the input / output port pin or the serial communication interface.

[0127] After receiving the instruction word from the core processing unit 102, the mode switching module 108 drives the internal electronic switch array (such as analog switches or relays) to operate, physically connecting the output path of the interface adapter module 106 to the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 side.

[0128] Thus, by simply entering an IP address, the user indirectly but precisely triggered the reconfiguration of the entire internal hardware chain of the device.

[0129] For example, the display module 112 typically uses a low-power organic light-emitting semiconductor (OLED) display or a segment liquid crystal display (LCD), and is connected to the core processing unit 102 via a serial peripheral interface bus (SPI), an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) bus, or a parallel bus.

[0130] When a user enters an IP address via a key, the core processing unit 102 decodes the key presses and drives the display module 112 to display the entered numbers and "." symbol in real time, providing a WYSIWYG input experience and preventing accidental operation.

[0131] During the diagnostic process, the communication fault detection module 104 feeds back key link layer and network layer parameters to the core processing unit 102 in real time. The core processing unit 102 processes this data and formats it into readable information to drive the display module 112 for display. This typically includes: link status, network layer diagnostic results such as "Ping: 192.168.1.101, latency <10ms, packet loss rate 0%", which is the result obtained by the core processing unit 102 after controlling the communication fault detection module 104 to perform an ICMP Ping test; application layer diagnostic results such as response timeout; and current working mode such as "Mode: PTZ detection, in progress...".

[0132] Intuitively, complex network diagnostic tasks are simplified to the single, crucial step of entering an IP address. Users no longer need to understand the underlying complex network topology, memorize command-line instructions, or determine which interface to connect to. The device automatically determines and switches to the correct detection mode based on the IP address.

[0133] This allows ordinary mine maintenance personnel who are not network professionals to use the device quickly and accurately, greatly reducing the professional skill requirements for users and solving the manpower bottleneck problem in the application of traditional network diagnostic tools underground.

[0134] Furthermore, it displays the entered IP address in real time to avoid errors; it also displays the current detection mode to allow users to confirm that the device's working status is consistent with expectations.

[0135] It directly displays specific results, rather than simple error lights, helping users pinpoint the problem to the network or application layer.

[0136] The display module 112 can also display latency and packet loss rate, which can be used not only to determine connectivity but also to assess network quality and provide data support for preventive maintenance.

[0137] It should be emphasized that when the underground video monitoring system 200 is running normally, the fault detection device 100 can also be connected to the switch 202 through the interface adapter module 106 to evaluate the network quality of the switch 202 or the PTZ 204, and view it directly through the display module 112.

[0138] In some embodiments, the key input module 110 may optionally be a mechanical membrane keypad, a capacitive touch keypad, a resistive / capacitive touchscreen, or a rotary encoder (with IP address selected via menu). This provides different implementation paths, from low-cost, durable mechanical keys to highly integrated modern touchscreens, to suit different product positioning and protection levels (such as explosion-proof and dustproof) requirements.

[0139] In some embodiments, the core processing unit 102 may optionally be configured to support automatic IP address acquisition. When a user selects the automatic IP address acquisition option via a button, the device automatically obtains a valid address from the connected network, thus eliminating the need for manual input.

[0140] In some embodiments, the fault detection device 100 may optionally include a wireless communication module. Users can connect to the fault detection device 100 via a smartphone or a dedicated remote control to remotely input the IP address, select the detection mode, and view the results.

[0141] In some embodiments, the device may optionally include multi-color indicator lights in addition to the display module 112. For example, a flashing blue light indicates a first detection state, a flashing green light indicates a second detection state, and a solid red light indicates a fault, providing a quick visual overview of the status. In noisy or poorly lit downhole environments, prominent light indicators can provide faster and longer-distance status identification than text on a screen, serving as an effective complement to the display module 112.

[0142] In some embodiments, the display module 112 may optionally be a segment LCD display, a dot-matrix OLED display, an e-ink display, or a small color LCD screen. This covers different needs ranging from ultra-low power consumption to high information density and graphical displays. For example, e-ink displays may be more advantageous in downhole environments where backlighting is not required.

[0143] In some embodiments, optionally, in the first detection state, the communication fault detection module 104 and the PTZ 204 are on the same network segment, and in the second detection state, the communication fault detection module 104 and the switch 202 are on the same network segment.

[0144] In this embodiment, under both detection modes, the communication fault detection module 104 must be in the same IP network subnet as the pan-tilt unit 204 or the switch 202 being detected.

[0145] Each time the detection target is switched, the core processing unit 102 must reconfigure its network identity (IP address and subnet mask) to ensure direct, unobstructed Layer 2 and Layer 3 communication with the current target device. This allows the fault detection device 100 to automatically integrate into any designated downhole monitoring network subnet, thus ensuring that all network diagnostic protocols such as ARP, Ping, and TCP connections can directly reach the target device and obtain effective responses without requiring manual intervention in complex network configurations.

[0146] This fundamentally eliminates diagnostic failures caused by different IP planning, transforming the fault detection device 100 from a tool dependent on a fixed network environment into an intelligent diagnostic terminal that can autonomously adapt to complex downhole network topologies. This greatly improves the device's versatility, diagnostic accuracy, and ease of on-site operation.

[0147] For example, a network segment refers to a set of IP addresses that have the same network address (network number).

[0148] A network segment is determined by both the IP address and the subnet mask. For example, IP addresses 192.168.1.100 and 192.168.1.101 are in the same network segment under the subnet mask 255.255.255.0 (both with a network number of 192.168.1.0).

[0149] Being on the same network segment means that the IP address of the communication fault detection module 104 must share the same network number as the IP address of the current detection target (PTZ 204 or switch 202). This is a prerequisite for direct IP communication between devices (without router forwarding) and for successfully sending ARP requests to obtain the other party's Media Access Control (MAC) address.

[0150] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 5 As shown, the fault detection device 100 further includes: a power processing module 114 electrically connected to the core processing unit 102, used to convert the battery voltage into the voltage required by the core processing unit 102; a built-in battery module 116 electrically connected to the power processing module 114; and a wireless charging module 118 electrically connected to the built-in battery module 116 and the power processing module 114, used to charge the built-in battery module 116 wirelessly to power the power processing module 114.

[0151] In this embodiment, the wireless charging module 118 captures and converts radio frequency energy in the environment into direct current, which on the one hand replenishes the energy of the built-in battery module 116, and on the other hand, when the energy is sufficient, it prioritizes directly powering the power processing module.

[0152] The power processing module is responsible for efficiently and stably converting the unstable voltage from the battery or direct supply into the various operating voltages required by the fault detection device 100, and managing the intelligent switching between the two inputs.

[0153] The wireless charging module 118 and the built-in processing module enable a dual-mode power supply system, with direct environmental energy supply as the primary method and battery buffering as a secondary method. This completely frees the fault detection device 100 from dependence on wired power and frequent manual charging, enabling long-term, safe, and maintenance-free deployment in the harsh environment of mines and fundamentally solving the problem of power supply difficulties for underground electronic equipment.

[0154] Specifically, the power processing module is a switching power supply management circuit, and its core components are usually one or more DC-DC converter chips.

[0155] For example, the power processing module includes a feedback network, an output filtering circuit, and possibly multiple output channels.

[0156] The primary function of the power processing module is to convert fluctuating voltages into precise voltages required by digital circuits such as the core processing unit 102 and the communication fault detection module 104 in a stable and efficient manner.

[0157] In some embodiments, the power processing module may optionally integrate enable control, load monitoring, and short-circuit protection functions. The core processing unit 102 can communicate with it via signal lines to control its start / stop or entry into a low-power mode, thereby achieving power management for the entire device.

[0158] Furthermore, the power processing module receives two inputs: one from the built-in battery module 116, and the other from the instantaneous energy output directly from the wireless charging module 118. The internal circuitry of the power processing module needs to have priority logic, prioritizing the use of wireless power when it is sufficient and seamlessly switching to battery power when it is insufficient.

[0159] The built-in battery module 116 is a rechargeable lithium-ion or lithium-polymer battery pack, with an integrated or external protection board. The protection board includes overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection circuits.

[0160] For example, the power processing module 114 has dual input channels. It can be configured as follows: priority switching mode (the ambient energy of the wireless charging module 118 is given priority, and the built-in battery module 116 is switched when it is insufficient); hybrid power supply mode (the two inputs are rectified and combined to provide power together); and battery direct connection mode (the wireless charging module 118 only charges the battery through the power processing module 114 and does not directly supply power).

[0161] When the ambient energy is sufficient, the energy for the operation of the fault detection device 100 is mainly or even entirely supplied by the wireless charging module 118, while the built-in battery module 116 is in a state of micro-current supplementation or rest, thus avoiding meaningless deep charge and discharge cycles.

[0162] More importantly, wireless charging achieves complete electrical isolation, with no conductive connection between the device and the external environment, fundamentally eliminating the dangers of surges and ground potential differences introduced through power lines. The voltage regulation and protection functions of the power processing module ensure that the core electronic components always operate at a safe voltage.

[0163] In some embodiments, the power processing module, the built-in battery module 116, and the wireless charging module 118 may optionally form a detachable power supply, or be encapsulated in a separate, intrinsically safe power compartment and detachably connected to the fault detection device 100, thereby improving the portability and convenience of the fault detection device 100.

[0164] In some embodiments, the wireless charging module 118 may optionally be configured to collect one or more of the following: radio frequency energy, light energy (collecting the afterglow of tunnel lighting through a small photovoltaic panel), temperature difference energy (utilizing the temperature difference between the downhole equipment and the environment), or vibration energy (collecting the mechanical vibration generated by the operation of the equipment).

[0165] In some embodiments, the built-in battery module 116 may be connected to the power processing module 114 via a standard pluggable connector, allowing the battery to be replaced in the field. Alternatively, the battery may be soldered or permanently integrated onto a circuit board for greater integration and reliability.

[0166] In some embodiments, optionally, such as Figure 6As shown, the wireless charging module 118 includes a power receiving antenna 1182, an impedance matching module 1184, a rectifier module 1186, and an energy management chip 1188. The output of the power receiving antenna 1182 is connected to the input of the impedance matching module 1184 to capture radio frequency energy from the environment. The output of the impedance matching module 1184 is connected to the input of the rectifier module 1186 to optimize energy transmission efficiency. The output of the rectifier module 1186 is connected to the energy input pin of the energy management chip 1188 to convert radio frequency energy into direct current. The energy management chip 1188 manages the direct current and charges the built-in battery module 116.

[0167] In this embodiment, the wireless charging module 118 forms a cascaded signal chain with the power receiving antenna 1182, impedance matching module 1184, rectifier module 1186 and power management chip 1188, which converts the weak radio frequency energy in the environment into stable DC power step by step, and charges the built-in battery or directly powers the fault detection device 100.

[0168] Understandably, through precise hardware optimization and chip-level intelligent management, a closed-loop system from environmental energy capture to efficient electrical energy utilization has been achieved, enabling the fault detection device 100 to completely break free from its dependence on wired power supplies and frequent manual maintenance, and providing fundamental power supply guarantees for the long-term, reliable, and self-sustaining operation of underground detection equipment.

[0169] Specifically, the power receiving antenna 1182 is a resonant antenna, such as a patch antenna, a dipole antenna, or a more complex broadband antenna.

[0170] The physical size and shape of the power receiving antenna 1182 determine its optimal receiving frequency (e.g., 915MHz, 2.4GHz). The power receiving antenna 1182 converts the energy of radio frequency electromagnetic waves propagating in space into a weak AC voltage / current signal with the same frequency in a conductor through the principle of electromagnetic induction.

[0171] In underground mines, signal sources can be diverse (Wi-Fi, communication leakage, equipment radiation), and signal strength can be extremely low (microvolts). Therefore, the power receiving antenna 1182 needs to strike a balance between sensitivity, bandwidth, and size to maximize the capture of various types of radio frequency energy that may be present.

[0172] Impedance matching module 1184 is a passive network consisting of inductors (L) and capacitors (C). Its core function is to solve the impedance mismatch problem. The output impedance of the power receiving antenna 1182 (typically 50 ohms or 75 ohms) is usually not equal to the input impedance of the subsequent rectifier module 1186.

[0173] Impedance mismatch causes most of the captured energy to be reflected back to the antenna instead of being transmitted, resulting in significant losses.

[0174] The LC matching network adjusts the reactance to make the antenna impedance and the input impedance of the rectifier module 1186 conjugate complex numbers. This achieves maximum power transfer, pushing the energy from the antenna end into the rectifier module 1186 with as little loss as possible, which is key to improving overall efficiency (from <1% to >20%).

[0175] The core component of the rectifier module 1186 is a low-turn-on Schottky diode. Voltage doubler rectification (such as a Dickson charge pump structure) can be used to increase the output voltage.

[0176] A matched weak AC radio frequency signal (usually a sine wave) is input to the circuit. The diode conducts during the positive half-cycle of the signal, charging the capacitor; during the negative half-cycle, through a specific circuit topology, the charge is superimposed onto the output capacitor. After several cycles, a considerable DC voltage accumulates on the output capacitor. This process converts high-frequency, oscillating energy into low-frequency, storable charge.

[0177] The 1188 power management chip is an ultra-low voltage startup, high-efficiency power management integrated circuit.

[0178] The 1188 power management chip integrates maximum power point tracking, a boost converter, a voltage regulator, and a charge manager.

[0179] The power management chip 1188 receives DC power from the rectifier module 1186, which is unstable and typically has a low voltage (possibly as low as 0.2V).

[0180] The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm inside the energy management chip 1188 dynamically adjusts the input impedance, ensuring that the rectifier module 1186 always operates at its optimal output power point. Subsequently, a high-efficiency DC-DC boost converter elevates the low voltage to a usable high voltage (e.g., above 3V).

[0181] One-way output (BATT) uses a precise constant current / constant voltage algorithm to safely charge the built-in battery unit and avoid overcharging.

[0182] Another or multiple outputs (such as HVOUT: 3.3V, LVOUT: 1.8V) are directly used as the system voltage to power the power processing module 114 and subsequent circuits. This is a direct manifestation of powering the battery processing unit.

[0183] The 1188 energy management chip can intelligently determine when there is enough collected energy, prioritize power supply from the direct power supply path, and use excess energy to charge the battery; when there is insufficient energy, it seamlessly combines battery power to supply power.

[0184] In one specific embodiment, optionally, the present invention proposes a tool for locating switch and PTZ faults in underground coal mines, which has the following characteristics: small size and easy to carry; can detect the operating status of the PTZ independently; and can detect the operating status of the switch network interface (i.e., vehicle Ethernet interface) independently.

[0185] like Figure 7 As shown, the internal components include:

[0186] The core processing unit A1 (i.e., core processing unit 102) is similar to the CPU of a computer, processing and forwarding various data, and coordinating the effective work of various units.

[0187] The power processing unit A2 (i.e., power processing module 114) converts the battery voltage to a low voltage such as 3.3V to power other units;

[0188] The communication and fault detection unit A3 (i.e., the communication fault detection module 104) is used to communicate with the PTZ via the network and to detect the communication status of the PTZ or the switch.

[0189] The PTZ / switch switching circuit A4 (i.e., mode switching module 108) is used to switch the tool status to adapt to the detection of a switch or PTZ camera.

[0190] The PTZ and switch interface circuit A5 (i.e., interface adapter module 106) is used to connect to a switch or PTZ and convert a 2-wire network to a 4-wire network.

[0191] The button input circuit A6 (i.e. button input module 110) is an array of buttons used to set the IP address of the tool so that the tool is on the same network segment as the PTZ or switch.

[0192] Display circuit A7 (i.e. display module 112) uses a low-power OLED display screen to display input information and communication status with the switch or PTZ.

[0193] The built-in lithium battery unit E1 (i.e., built-in battery module 116) is generally an intrinsically safe battery with a capacity of less than 1Ah and a voltage between 3.7V and 4.2V.

[0194] The wireless charging unit E2 (i.e., wireless charging module 118) uses wireless charging and requires only one external 4K communication interface.

[0195] Understandably, one tool can detect both switches and PTZ cameras. This allows for the separate handling of issues that are difficult to distinguish.

[0196] Furthermore, it incorporates E2 wireless charging functionality, which can capture on-site radio waves to wirelessly charge the lithium battery and power other circuitry.

[0197] Chip circuit diagram as follows Figure 8 As shown, the power receiving antenna in the upper left corner is used to receive wireless signals from the environment. The signal is input to the power management chip 1188 through the antenna matching circuit of the impedance matching module and the rectifier circuit.

[0198] The chip converts radio wave signals into a battery-powered circuit to charge the lithium battery in the system. It can also output high voltage (HVOUT) (3.3V) and low voltage (LVOUT) (1.8V) to power the back-end microcontroller unit (MCU).

[0199] This invention provides a fault detection method for use with the fault detection device as described in the first aspect, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the fault detection methods include:

[0200] Step S100: Set the Internet Protocol address of the fault detection device via the key input module;

[0201] Step S102: The core processing unit generates control commands based on the Internet Protocol address;

[0202] Step S104: Execute control instructions through the core processing unit to switch between the first detection state and the second detection state using the control mode switching module;

[0203] Step S106: In the switched detection state, the control interface adapter module establishes a connection with the target device;

[0204] Step S108: Perform status diagnosis on the target device through the communication fault detection module and the interface adapter module;

[0205] In the first detection state, the target device is a gimbal, and the interface adapter module is connected to the vehicle Ethernet interface of the switch.

[0206] In the second detection state, the target device is a switch, and the interface adapter module is connected to the Ethernet interface of the switch.

[0207] The fault detection method provided by this invention acts on the fault detection device. It begins with the simple action of the user setting the device's IP address by pressing a button. The core processing unit then intelligently determines the target device type based on the address and automatically generates control commands to drive the hardware switching module to reconstruct the device's internal path to the corresponding detection state (the first state connects to the vehicle's Ethernet interface to detect the pan-tilt unit, and the second state connects to the Ethernet interface to detect the switch).

[0208] Subsequently, the fault detection device performs multi-layered proactive diagnosis of the target device from the link layer to the application layer using the standard network protocol stack.

[0209] The fault detection method fully encapsulates complex network topology analysis, hardware interface switching, and professional protocol diagnostic technology into a simple user operation, enabling downhole personnel to perform independent and accurate status diagnosis of switches or PTZs with a single click without professional knowledge, greatly improving the efficiency and reliability of fault diagnosis.

[0210] Specifically, the user operates the physical or touch-sensitive buttons on the device (i.e., the "button input module") to enter the setup mode, sequentially enters four decimal number segments representing the device's network identity (e.g., 192.168.1.200), and confirms. This step provides key input parameters for subsequent intelligent decision-making.

[0211] For example, the Internet Protocol address (IP address) is the IP address of the fault detection device, which temporarily acts as a network terminal to complete this diagnosis. The IPP address is the identifier used by the device to communicate with the target device (pan-tilt unit or switch) at the network layer.

[0212] The core processing unit runs an internal firmware algorithm. The internal firmware algorithm compares the user-configured IP address with a pre-stored network topology knowledge base (e.g., "the PTZ network segment is 192.168.1.0 / 24").

[0213] If the IP address is determined to belong to the network segment where the PTZ is located, a digital control command word (e.g., binary 01) is generated to switch to the first detection state.

[0214] If it is determined that the network does not belong to the network segment (or belongs to a known switch management network segment), a control command word (e.g., binary 10) is generated to switch to the second detection state.

[0215] The core processing unit executes control commands to control the mode switching module to switch between the first detection state and the second detection state. The core processing unit sends control command words to the control port of the mode switching module through its general purpose input / output pins or serial bus.

[0216] A mode switching module is typically an analog switch array or relay array. The mode switching module decodes commands and physically connects or disconnects internal signal paths.

[0217] When the path to the vehicle's Ethernet interface is connected and other paths are disconnected, the fault detection device enters the first detection state; or when the path to the Ethernet interface is connected, the fault detection device enters the second detection state.

[0218] For example, state switching is the change of the hard-wired connection relationship of the internal network signal output of the device by an electronic switch, thereby determining from which physical port the device will establish a connection with the external switch.

[0219] The control command is a specific combination of level signals output by the core processing unit to directly drive the hardware switch (mode switching module), and serves as a bridge between software decisions and hardware actions.

[0220] In the first detection state, the core processing unit instruction interface adapter module locks its signal output to an electrical mode that matches the vehicle Ethernet interface of the switch, and the interface adapter module is connected to the pan-tilt unit.

[0221] In the second detection state, the core processing unit instruction interface adapter module switches to an electrical mode that matches the Ethernet interface of the switch, and the connection between the interface adapter module and the switch is established.

[0222] If it is the first detection state, the fault detection target is the gimbal. The core processing unit command communication fault detection module (hardware / software integrating the protocol stack) executes the following diagnostic sequence:

[0223] Link layer diagnostics: Send an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request to the PTZ's MAC address via the interface adapter module to check if the PTZ network card is active; Network layer diagnostics: Send an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICP) request to the PTZ's IP address to check network connectivity and latency; Application layer diagnostics: Attempt to establish a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection with the PTZ's video stream port, or send a specific device status query command.

[0224] If it is in the second detection state, that is, the fault detection target is the switch, the communication fault detection module changes the diagnostic target and performs: a Ping test on the switch itself to check whether its management interface is reachable; and queries the switch's port status, system resources and other information through the Ethernet interface.

[0225] In some technical solutions, optionally, such as Figure 10 As shown, the core processing unit generates control commands based on the Internet Protocol address, including:

[0226] Step S1022: Obtain the preset PTZ network segment address;

[0227] Step S1024: Compare the Internet Protocol address with the preset PTZ network segment address;

[0228] Step S1026: If the Internet Protocol address belongs to the preset PTZ network segment address, then generate a first control command for switching to the first detection state;

[0229] Step S1028: If the Internet Protocol address does not belong to the preset PTZ network segment address, a second control command is generated for switching to the second detection state.

[0230] In this solution, a preset PTZ network segment address is used as the judgment criterion. The IP address entered by the user is automatically classified through subnet matching calculation: if it belongs to the preset PTZ network segment address, an instruction is generated to switch the control hardware to the first detection state (connecting the vehicle Ethernet interface to detect the PTZ); otherwise, an instruction is generated to switch to the second detection state (connecting the Ethernet interface to detect the switch).

[0231] It is understandable that by transforming complex network topology knowledge into automatic decision-making logic built into the device, the fault detection device can autonomously complete all subsequent hardware path switching and adaptation simply by the user inputting the target IP address. This achieves a seamless and intelligent transition from inputting the target to executing the correct detection action, greatly improving the automation level and operational reliability of the method.

[0232] Specifically, the core processing unit reads one or more pre-stored PTZ network segment address parameters, i.e., preset PTZ network segment addresses, from its non-volatile memory. Preset PTZ network segment addresses are usually preset at the factory or entered by advanced users through configuration mode.

[0233] The default PTZ network segment address is not a single IP address, but a definition of a network address range.

[0234] The default PTZ network segment address is usually in the form of "IP address / subnet mask", such as 192.168.1.0 / 255.255.255.0 (or abbreviated as 192.168.1.0 / 24). The default PTZ network segment address represents the logical network area where all PTZ cameras in the underground video surveillance system are planned. Obtaining this parameter is the benchmark for intelligent judgment.

[0235] Extract the user-configured Internet Protocol address (referred to as IP_user, such as 192.168.1.101) and the stored preset PTZ network segment address (including network address IP_net, such as 192.168.1.0, and subnet mask Mask, such as 255.255.255.0).

[0236] The core processing unit performs a bitwise logical AND operation between IP_user and IP_net and Mask, respectively.

[0237] Compare the results of the above calculations. If the results are equal, i.e., (IP_user & Mask) = (IP_net & Mask), then it is determined that the network number of IP_user is consistent with the network number of the preset PTZ network segment.

[0238] If the comparison result is yes, the logic state machine of the core processing unit determines that the target device is a gimbal.

[0239] Based on this determination, the control logic within the core processing unit sets the state variable to the first detection state and generates corresponding, specific hardware driver instructions accordingly.

[0240] Hardware driver instructions are typically represented as a predefined combination of high and low levels output to specific input / output pins (e.g., enable pin A is high, enable pin B is low). This set of level signals constitutes the first control instruction, whose physical meaning is interpreted by the mode switching module as: please connect the physical path to the switch's vehicle Ethernet interface and disconnect other paths.

[0241] If the comparison result is negative, the target device is determined not to be a PTZ (pan-tilt-zoom) unit. In a typical topology of an underground video surveillance system, the non-PTZ device that can communicate is usually the switch itself (or its management interface).

[0242] The core processing unit sets the state variable to the second detection state and generates another set of different input / output level combinations (e.g., enable pin A is low and enable pin B is high). This second set of control commands is interpreted by the mode switching module as: please connect the physical path to the switch's Ethernet interface.

[0243] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a mine underground video monitoring system 200, which includes a switching board 3000 and a protocol conversion board 3002. The switching board 202 converts the Ethernet protocol in the switching board 3000 into vehicle Ethernet through the protocol conversion board 3002. The switching board 202 communicates with the pan-tilt unit 204 through the vehicle Ethernet.

[0244] The underground video monitoring system 200 mainly consists of a mine-use explosion-proof and intrinsically safe voltage regulator (i.e., voltage regulator), a mine-use intrinsically safe gigabit ring network switch (i.e., switch 202), and a mine-use intrinsically safe PTZ camera (i.e., PTZ 204).

[0245] For example, switch 202 has 2 quick-connect optical cables, 1 power supply interface, 1 communication interface, and 3 network communication ports; the power supply is connected to the switch power supply interface, and the PTZ 204 is connected to the vehicle Ethernet interface 2022 of switch 202.

[0246] When the underground video surveillance system 200 malfunctions, the pan-tilt unit 204 cannot upload images normally. The fault detection device 100 is used to detect the fault in the underground video surveillance system 200.

[0247] In this invention, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "link" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0248] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0249] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with an embodiment or example that are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0250] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fault detection device, characterized in that, The application discloses a mine video monitoring system, which comprises a switch and a holder, the switch comprises a switching board and a protocol conversion board, the switch converts an Ethernet protocol in the switching board into a vehicle-mounted Ethernet through the protocol conversion board, the switch is connected with the holder through the vehicle-mounted Ethernet, and the fault detection device comprises: a core processing unit; a communication fault detection module, which is connected with the core processing unit and is used for performing state diagnosis on the switch or the holder; an interface adaptation module, which is connected with the communication fault detection module and is used for connecting an Ethernet interface and a vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface corresponding to the switch; a mode switching module, which is connected with the core processing unit and the interface adaptation module; wherein the core processing unit is configured to control the mode switching module to switch between a first detection state and a second detection state; in the first detection state, the interface adaptation module is connected with the vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface through the mode switching module, so that the communication fault detection module detects the holder independently through the interface adaptation module; in the second detection state, the interface adaptation module is connected with the Ethernet interface through the mode switching module, so that the communication fault detection module detects the switch independently through the interface adaptation module.

2. The fault detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the interface adaptation module comprises a signal conversion circuit, which is used for converting and adapting a network signal line between a connection side of the Ethernet interface and the communication fault detection module or between a connection side of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface and the communication fault detection module.

3. The fault detection apparatus of claim 2, wherein the signal conversion circuit is used for converting a network signal of the Ethernet into an internal communication signal of the vehicle-mounted Ethernet.

4. The fault detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein further comprising: a key input module, which is connected with the core processing unit and is used for setting an Internet protocol address, and the core processing unit determines a control instruction corresponding to the mode switching module according to the Internet protocol address, so as to control the mode switching module to switch between the first detection state and the second detection state through the control instruction; a display module, which is connected with the core processing unit and is used for displaying input information corresponding to the key input module and at least one communication parameter of the interface adaptation module and the switch or the holder.

5. The fault detection apparatus of claim 4, wherein, in the first detection state, the communication fault detection module and the holder are in the same network segment, and in the second detection state, the communication fault detection module and the switch are in the same network segment.

6. The fault detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein further comprising: a power supply processing module, which is connected with the core processing unit and is used for converting a battery voltage into a required voltage of the core processing unit; a built-in battery module, which is connected with the power supply processing module. A wireless charging module is electrically connected with the built-in battery module and the power processing module, and charges the built-in battery module by wireless charging to supply power to the power processing module.

7. The fault detection apparatus of claim 6, wherein The wireless charging module comprises an electric energy receiving antenna, an impedance matching module, a rectifier module and an energy management chip. An output end of the electric energy receiving antenna is connected to an input end of the impedance matching module for capturing radio frequency energy in the environment. An output end of the impedance matching module is connected to an input end of the rectifier module for optimizing energy transmission efficiency. An output end of the rectifier module is connected to an energy input pin of the energy management chip for converting radio frequency energy into direct current. The energy management chip is used for managing the direct current and charging the built-in battery module.

8. A fault detection method characterized by, The fault detection method comprises: setting an internet protocol address of the fault detection device through a key input module; generating a control instruction according to the internet protocol address through a core processing unit; controlling a mode switching module to switch between a first detection state and a second detection state through the core processing unit; controlling an interface adaptation module to establish a connection with a target device in the switched detection state; wherein, in the first detection state, the target device is a pan-tilt head, and the interface adaptation module is connected with a vehicle-mounted Ethernet interface of a switch; in the second detection state, the target device is a switch, and the interface adaptation module is connected with an Ethernet interface of the switch; performing state diagnosis on the target device through the interface adaptation module through a communication fault detection module.

9. The fault detection method of claim 8, wherein, The core processing unit generates a control instruction according to the internet protocol address, comprising: obtaining a preset pan-tilt head network segment address; comparing the internet protocol address with the preset pan-tilt head network segment address; if the internet protocol address belongs to the preset pan-tilt head network segment address, generating a first control instruction for switching to the first detection state; if the internet protocol address does not belong to the preset pan-tilt head network segment address, generating a second control instruction for switching to the second detection state.

10. An underground mine video monitoring system characterized by, The underground video monitoring system comprises a switch and a pan-tilt head, the switch comprises a switching board and a protocol conversion board, the switch converts an Ethernet protocol in the switching board into a vehicle-mounted Ethernet through the protocol conversion board, and the switch is in communication connection with the pan-tilt head through the vehicle-mounted Ethernet.

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