Efficient peanut harvesting device

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient peanut harvesting device which is composed of a small four-wheel tractor, an overall rack, an excavating mechanism, a soil crushing device, a lifting conveying device and a transmission system of a harvester, and the functions of excavating, soil crushing, soil cleaning, conveying and the like of the harvester are achieved. The tractor provides power for the harvester and is connected with the harvester through a three-point suspension device of the rack; peanut crops pass through the soil breaking device after being excavated and are conveyed to the lifting chain device through the soil breaking device, and then peanut plants are naturally shaken through a chain to remove soil in the conveying process. The harvester designed by the invention is simple, can achieve the design purposes of rapid digging and soil crushing, and is beneficial to the rural economic development in China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a peanut harvesting method, and more particularly to a highly efficient peanut harvesting apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the research and production technology of peanut harvesters in my country is relatively advanced in regions such as Taiwan, and the functions of these machines are also quite mature. However, due to their high manufacturing costs and large size, they are not suitable for small-scale planting in less developed areas of China. [3] In other parts of my country, such as Guangxi and Jiangxi, the terrain is mostly hilly, unsuitable for large-scale peanut cultivation, and only small-scale harvesting machinery is suitable. The small-scale harvesting machinery currently in use in Shandong and Henan also has many shortcomings, such as complex mechanisms, high power consumption, low soil removal rate, frequent fruit damage, and susceptibility to plant entanglement. With the development of modern society and the improvement of comprehensive national strength, my country is increasingly emphasizing the economic restructuring of small-scale planting in the western and rural areas, shifting the focus of economic development from heavy industry to agriculture, and agricultural mechanization is increasingly becoming a global trend.

[0003] In response to the current needs of peanut planting and production in my country, the development of small- to medium-sized, practical, and cost-effective peanut harvesting equipment aligns with my country's economic policies and provides strong support for enhancing the competitiveness of my country's agricultural exports. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a highly efficient peanut harvesting device that is highly efficient, multifunctional, has low loss, low cost, and cleans the soil thoroughly.

[0005] The technical solution to achieve the objective of this invention is: A high-efficiency peanut harvesting device comprises five main parts: an overall frame, a digging mechanism, a soil-crushing device, a lifting device, and a power transmission device. The frame is designed with a three-point suspension, and adjustable-height wheels are installed at the bottom of the frame to adjust the digging shovel's entry angle into the soil. The remaining parts are mainly welded from steel plates. The digging mechanism primarily consists of a shovel blade, bolted to the frame for easy replacement when the blades wear out. The soil-crushing device, composed of a rotating shaft and conveying teeth, primarily breaks up the soil around the peanut roots, increasing the soil removal rate and effectively reducing subsequent manual labor. The lifting device consists of lifting rollers, a lifting chain, a chain clamp, and a lifting shaft. The power transmission device comprises a tractor's power input shaft, a universal drive shaft, a power output shaft, an adjustable gearbox, and a chain.

[0006] The overall frame is the overall structure of the peanut harvesting device, connecting with various devices and mechanisms to ensure it provides support.

[0007] The overall frame includes: a three-point suspension device, a frame crossbeam, a fixing plate, a soil crushing device shaft hole, a gearbox base plate, a lifting device shaft hole, and a traveling wheel frame connection hole.

[0008] The main function of the excavation mechanism is to break the soil, cut the roots of the peanut plants, dig up the peanut plants along with the soil, and then use the forward movement of the harvester to compress the soil and transport the plants and soil backward.

[0009] The excavating shovel is a flat shovel with a triangular blade, which is used as the excavating mechanism of the peanut harvester.

[0010] The power transmission device mainly solves problems such as power transmission and changing the direction of power, and provides power for the soil crushing device and the lifting chain device.

[0011] The power transmission device has a gearbox input shaft connected to the power output shaft of the small four-wheel tractor. It has two main functions: to reduce the speed of the rotating shaft and to change the direction of rotation. Therefore, the gearbox can be designed as a two-stage gearbox with bevel gears and straight cylindrical gears. The first stage is a bevel gear transmission to achieve the functions of deceleration and steering, and the second stage is a straight cylindrical gear to achieve the function of deceleration.

[0012] A mechanical soil-breaking device is added between the excavation mechanism and the lifting chain device. A rotating roller is added, and the conveying teeth on the roller strike the soil around the roots of the plant that has been excavated, thus breaking up the soil.

[0013] The soil breaking device includes: 8 rows of conveying teeth at a 45-degree angle, with the width between two conveying teeth set at 50mm and the length of each conveying tooth set at 30mm.

[0014] The lifting chain device includes lifting rollers, lifting wheels, and lifting chain belts to ensure that peanuts do not slip during transportation.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This device consists of five main parts: an overall frame, a digging mechanism, a soil-crushing device, a lifting device, and a power transmission device. Driven by a small four-wheeled tractor, it provides rotational power and can complete the peanut harvesting process in an integrated manner, including digging, soil crushing, soil cleaning, and transportation. Addressing the low soil removal efficiency of other segmented peanut harvesters, this harvester incorporates a soil-crushing device that breaks down the soil around the plant roots, detaching the soil from the plant or making the soil more loose. Combined with the lifting chain device, it more effectively removes soil, successfully solving the problem of low soil removal rate. This results in more efficient soil removal and cleaning, reducing subsequent manual labor and preventing peanut plants from clogging or leaking during transport. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the frame in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the soil-breaking device in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting device in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the power transmission reduction gearbox in this invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Gearbox; 2. Frame drive suspension; 3. Soil-breaking device; 4. Frame; 5. Excavator; 6. Lifting chain device; 7. Sprocket; 8. Conveyor chain; 9. Traveling wheel; 10. Three-point suspension device; 11. Frame crossbeam; 12. Fixing plate; 13. Shaft hole of soil-breaking device; 14. Gearbox base plate; 15. Shaft hole of lifting device; 16. Traveling wheel frame connection hole; 17. Excavation mechanism; 18. Soil-breaking device; 19. Lifting roller; 20. Lifting wheel; 21. Lifting chain belt; 22. Driven bevel gear of the first stage transmission; 23. Intermediate drive shaft of the gearbox; 24. Power output shaft of the gearbox; 25. Driven spur gear of the second stage transmission; 26. Driven spur gear of the second stage transmission; 27. Driven bevel gear of the first stage transmission; 28. Power input shaft of the gearbox. Detailed Implementation

[0018] A high-efficiency peanut harvesting device comprises five main parts: an overall frame, a digging mechanism, a soil-breaking device, a hoisting device, and a power transmission device. The digging mechanism, soil-breaking mechanism, hoisting mechanism, and power transmission device are mounted on the frame.

[0019] The frame includes a three-point suspension device 10, a frame crossbeam 11, a fixing plate 12, a soil crushing device shaft hole 13, a gearbox base plate 14, a lifting device shaft hole 15, and a traveling wheel frame connection hole 16. The three-point suspension device is connected to the drive unit, the soil crushing device shaft 13 is connected to the soil crushing device 18, and the lifting device shaft hole 15 is used to install the lifting device.

[0020] The digging mechanism 17 uses a flat shovel with a triangular blade as the digging mechanism of the harvester and is connected to the body fixing plate 12.

[0021] The soil crushing device 18 has conveying teeth, which are connected to the power transmission via a key and are installed in the shaft hole 13 of the soil crushing device.

[0022] The lifting chain device includes a lifting roller 19, a lifting wheel 20, and a lifting chain belt 21, which are installed in the shaft hole 15 of the lifting device.

[0023] The power transmission device includes a reduction gearbox 1, a sprocket 7, and a transmission chain 8. It mainly solves problems such as power transmission and changing the direction of power, and provides power for the soil crushing device and the lifting chain device.

[0024] The input shaft of the gearbox is connected to the power output shaft of the small four-wheel tractor. It has two main functions: to reduce the speed of the rotating shaft and to change the direction of rotation. Therefore, the gearbox can be designed as a two-stage gearbox with bevel gears and spur gears. The first stage consists of a bevel gear driven wheel 22 and a first-stage drive bevel gear 27 to achieve the functions of deceleration and steering. The second stage consists of a spur gear driven wheel 25 and a spur gear drive wheel 26 to achieve the function of deceleration.

[0025] The working principle of this invention: The tractor provides traction and mechanical power. The traction mainly ensures the normal operation of the machine's forward movement and digging. The mechanical power is transmitted through the input shaft to the universal joint, output shaft, gearbox, and then to the rotation of the soil-crushing device and the lifting device. For this, an optimal choice needs to be made based on existing domestic tractors. The digging shovel lifts up the peanut plants along with the soil around their roots. As the peanut harvesting machine moves forward, the soil and plants are compressed backward. The soil-crushing device breaks up the soil around the roots, completing the soil-crushing function. From the soil-crushing device to the lifting device, the speed of the lifting roller must be greater than the linear speed of the top of the conveying teeth to ensure that the peanut plants do not become clogged or tangled due to uncoordinated mechanical operation during transportation. The peanut plants are transported backward by the lifting roller. During transportation, the soil is cleared during the natural shaking of the lifting chain, and soil falls through the cracks in the lifting roller. Finally, the peanut plants fall from the end of the lifting device and are neatly placed on the planting ground, awaiting manual harvesting. This completes the entire process of mechanically harvesting peanut plants.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency peanut harvesting device, comprising five main parts: an overall frame, a digging mechanism, a soil-breaking device, a hoisting device, and a power transmission device. The digging mechanism, soil-breaking mechanism, hoisting mechanism, and power transmission device are mounted on the frame.

2. The efficient peanut harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame includes a three-point suspension device 10, a frame crossbeam 11, a fixing plate 12, a soil crushing device shaft hole 13, a gearbox base plate 14, a lifting device shaft hole 15, and a traveling wheel frame connection hole 16. The three-point suspension device is connected to the driver, the soil crushing device shaft 13 is connected to the soil crushing device 18, and the lifting device shaft hole 15 is used to install the lifting device.

3. The excavating mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, A flat shovel with a triangular blade is selected as the digging mechanism of the harvester and connected to the body fixing plate 12.

4. The soil-breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It has conveying teeth, which are connected to the power transmission via a key and are installed in the shaft hole 13 of the soil crushing device.

5. The lifting chain device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It includes a lifting roller 19, a lifting wheel 20, and a lifting chain 21, which are installed in the shaft hole 15 of the lifting device.

6. The power transmission device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It includes a gearbox 1, a sprocket 7, and a transmission chain 8, which mainly solves problems such as power transmission and changing the direction of power, and provides power for the soil crushing device and the lifting chain device.

7. The power transmission device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The input shaft of the gearbox of the power transmission device is connected to the power output shaft of the small four-wheel tractor. It has two main functions: to reduce the speed of the rotating shaft and to change the direction of rotation. Therefore, the gearbox can be designed as a two-stage gearbox with bevel gears and spur gears. The first stage consists of a bevel gear driven wheel 22 and a first-stage drive bevel gear 27 to achieve the functions of deceleration and steering. The second stage consists of a spur gear driven wheel 25 and a spur gear drive wheel 26 to achieve the function of deceleration.

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