Breeding method and cultivation technology of high-altitude oriental lily bulbs

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural science, and discloses a breeding method and a cultivation technology of high-altitude oriental lily bulbs. Comprising a stepped low-temperature domestication breeding technology of high-altitude oriental lily bulbs, a high-altitude adaptive tissue culture rapid propagation technology, a high-altitude ecological cultivation technology, a bulb annual harvesting and storage technology, a high-altitude bulb stress resistance strengthening technology, a bulb quality intelligent monitoring technology and a high-altitude lily rotation optimization technology. According to the breeding method and the cultivation technology of the high-altitude oriental lily bulbs, a mode of combining stepped low-temperature domestication and altitude gradient transplantation is utilized, and a stress-resistant nutrient solution is matched, so that the adaptability of the bulbs to high-altitude, low-temperature and low-oxygen environments is remarkably improved; the germination rate of the seedballs is increased to 95% or above, the circumferential diameter is increased by 15% or above, the physiological disorder problem caused when the seedballs are introduced into high-altitude areas is solved, and the explant induction, proliferation and rooting efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural science and technology, specifically to a method for propagating and cultivating bulbs of Oriental lily at high altitudes. Background Technology

[0002] Oriental lilies, as important ornamental flowers globally, possess high economic value in cut flowers and landscaping applications due to their large blooms, rich colors, and strong fragrance. However, high-quality Oriental lily bulbs have long relied on imports, which is not only costly but also prone to problems such as bulb degeneration, reduced yield, and decreased quality during domestic cultivation due to poor environmental adaptability. High-altitude areas offer advantages such as large diurnal temperature variations, ample sunlight, and fewer pests and diseases, providing a potentially suitable environment for the high-quality propagation of lily bulbs. However, current research on specialized propagation and cultivation techniques for Oriental lily bulbs in high-altitude areas is relatively scarce, and existing technologies have many shortcomings.

[0003] In terms of propagation techniques, conventional bulb propagation methods (such as bulb division and scale cutting) have low propagation coefficients, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production. Tissue culture rapid propagation techniques are mostly developed based on low-altitude environments, and their culture medium formulas and cultivation conditions cannot be adapted to the ecological characteristics of high-altitude areas, resulting in low survival rates and weak growth of tissue culture seedlings after transplanting at high altitudes. At the same time, there is a lack of low-temperature acclimatization techniques for bulbs in high-altitude environments. Directly introducing bulbs into high-altitude areas can easily lead to physiological disorders due to environmental stress, making it difficult to guarantee germination and seedling rates. In terms of cultivation techniques, existing cultivation substrates and management models do not fully consider the problems of poor soil permeability and insufficient fertility in high-altitude soils, which can easily cause bulb rot and nutrient imbalance. Irrigation and fertilization techniques lack specificity and cannot meet the special needs of high-altitude lilies in terms of water and nutrient absorption. In addition, the unique environmental factors of high-altitude areas, such as low temperature, low oxygen, and strong ultraviolet radiation, make conventional pest and disease control methods ineffective and easily lead to pesticide residues, affecting bulb quality and ecological safety. In terms of bulb storage and quality control, traditional bulb storage technology is difficult to simulate the cold environment of high altitude, resulting in short storage periods and rapid decline in germination rates. Furthermore, the lack of intelligent bulb quality monitoring methods makes it impossible to accurately control the nutritional components and physiological state of bulbs in real time, leading to inconsistent bulb marketability.

[0004] Therefore, a method for propagating and cultivating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes is proposed to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] (II) In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method for breeding and cultivation of Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes, which solves the problems of low propagation coefficient, poor survival rate of transplanted tissue culture seedlings, lack of low temperature acclimatization, incompatibility of substrate and water and fertilizer management, poor pest and disease control, short bulb storage period and insufficient quality control in the breeding of Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method and cultivation technique for breeding bulbs of Oriental lily at high altitudes, including a step-by-step low-temperature domestication breeding technique for Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes, a high-altitude adaptable tissue culture rapid propagation technique, a high-altitude ecological cultivation technique, a year-round bulb harvesting and storage technique, a high-altitude bulb stress resistance enhancement technique, a bulb quality intelligent monitoring technique, a high-altitude lily rotation optimization technique, a bulb propagation coefficient enhancement technique, and a biomimetic control technique for the cultivation environment.

[0009] The stepped low-temperature domestication and breeding technology is divided into three stages:

[0010] a. After disinfecting healthy, disease-free Oriental lily bulbs, place them in an acclimatization box simulating the diurnal temperature range at high altitudes. The first stage is set with a daytime temperature of 18–22℃ and a nighttime temperature of 8–12℃ for 10–15 days; the second stage is set with a daytime temperature of 15–18℃ and a nighttime temperature of 5–8℃ for 15–20 days; and the third stage is set with a daytime temperature of 12–15℃ and a nighttime temperature of 2–5℃ for 20–25 days. This allows the bulbs to gradually adapt to the high-altitude, low-temperature environment, promoting the accumulation of internal nutrients and initiating flower bud differentiation.

[0011] b. After the bulbs have completed low-temperature acclimatization, they are transplanted using the altitude gradient method. They are first planted in a transitional base at an altitude of 2000m and grown for 30-40 days before being transplanted to the target high-altitude area (3000-3500m). During the transplanting process, a special high-altitude stress-resistant nutrient solution (prepared from humic acid, seaweed extract, and trace element chelates in a specific ratio) is applied simultaneously to enhance the bulbs' resistance to cold, drought, and disease in a high-altitude environment.

[0012] c. In high-altitude planting areas, a crop rotation and intercropping model is adopted, intercropping with cold-resistant legumes. The nitrogen-fixing effect of legumes is used to improve soil fertility, while creating a natural shading environment to simulate the original high-altitude habitat of Oriental lilies, further improving the quality of bulbs. The circumference of the bulbs cultivated is increased by more than 15% compared with conventional methods, and the germination rate is increased to more than 95%.

[0013] Preferably, the high-altitude-adapted tissue culture rapid propagation technology specifically includes:

[0014] a. Healthy scales of Lilium orientalis were selected as explants and, after disinfection, were inoculated into high-altitude induction medium (1 / 2 MS basal medium + 6-BA 0.8 mg / L + NAA 0.2 mg / L + 10% (V / V) alpine humus extract + 5 g / L agar). The explants were cultured at a temperature of 20–23℃, a light intensity of 10–12 hours / day, and a light intensity of 1500–2000 lx for 15–20 days to induce protocorms.

[0015] b. Transfer the original bulbs to high-altitude proliferation medium (1 / 2MS basic medium + 6-BA 0.5mg / L + NAA 0.1mg / L + alpine mineral element solution 5% (V / V) + agar 5g / L) and culture for 20-25 days. The original bulb proliferation coefficient reaches 5 or more.

[0016] c. The proliferated protocorms or buds were transferred to high-altitude rooting medium (1 / 2 MS basal medium + NAA 0.3 mg / L + activated carbon 0.5 g / L + alpine meadow soil extract 8% (V / V) + agar 5 g / L) and cultured for 30-35 days. The rooting rate reached 100%, and the root system was well-developed and the seedlings were vigorous. After hardening off, the survival rate after transplanting exceeded 90%.

[0017] Preferably, the key aspect of the high-altitude ecological cultivation technology lies in:

[0018] a. Cultivation substrate preparation: Use "alpine meadow soil + gravel + decomposed pine needles" in a volume ratio of 5:3:2. The substrate thickness is 20-25cm. The gravel particle size is controlled at 0.5-1cm to ensure good drainage and aeration, and to simulate the original soil structure of high-altitude lilies, providing a loose and organic-rich environment for bulb growth.

[0019] b. Field Management: Irrigation adopts intermittent drip irrigation technology. According to the precipitation pattern and soil moisture in high-altitude areas, drip irrigation is carried out every 7 to 10 days, and the drip irrigation time is controlled at 30 to 40 minutes each time to maintain soil moisture at 60% to 70%. Slow-release high-altitude organic fertilizer is selected for fertilization, combined with foliar spraying of high-altitude special micronutrient fertilizer to meet the nutritional needs of lilies in high-altitude environments. At the same time, taking advantage of the strong ultraviolet radiation in high-altitude areas, the occurrence of pests and diseases is reduced. Only biological control methods (such as releasing predatory mites to control aphids) are needed during the critical growth period to effectively control pests and diseases.

[0020] Preferably, the annual bulb harvesting and storage technology involves harvesting at a time determined by the phenological period in high-altitude areas, typically 15–20 days after the above-ground parts have withered. The bulbs are carefully dug up during harvesting to avoid damage. Storage employs a graded, temperature- and humidity-controlled storage method. Bulbs are graded according to their circumference and placed in a dedicated storage facility with a temperature of -2–1°C and a relative humidity of 60%–65%. Simultaneously, a cool, filtered airflow characteristic of high-altitude regions is introduced to maintain consistency between the storage environment and the high-altitude habitat. This allows the bulbs to be stored year-round with a germination rate exceeding 90%, providing a stable seed source for the large-scale production of Oriental lilies at high altitudes.

[0021] Preferably, the high-altitude bulb stress resistance enhancement technology involves spraying a high-altitude stress resistance inducer (prepared from salicylic acid, proline, and betaine at specific concentrations) on the leaves during the critical growth period of the bulbs, once a month for three consecutive months. This significantly enhances the stress resistance of the bulbs in the low-temperature and low-oxygen environment at high altitudes, increasing the overwintering survival rate of untreated bulbs by more than 20%.

[0022] Preferably, the intelligent monitoring technology for bulb quality utilizes an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor network to deploy sensors such as soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, and atmospheric pressure in the bulb growth area to monitor environmental parameters in real time. It also uses near-infrared spectroscopy to periodically perform non-destructive testing on quality indicators such as starch content, sugar content, and circumference of the bulbs, thereby achieving intelligent and precise monitoring of bulb quality and ensuring that the bulb quality compliance rate is above 95%.

[0023] Preferably, the high-altitude lily rotation optimization technology adopts a three-year rotation pattern of "Oriental lily-alpine oat-leguminous green manure". After planting lilies for one year, alpine oats are planted for one year, followed by leguminous green manure for one year, and then lilies are planted again. Through rotation, the soil structure at high altitudes is effectively improved, the soil organic matter content is increased, and the obstacles of continuous cropping are reduced, so that the yield of lily bulbs is increased by more than 15% compared with the continuous cropping pattern.

[0024] Preferably, the bulb propagation coefficient enhancement technology involves cutting scales into small pieces with axillary buds during scale cutting propagation, soaking them in a plant growth regulator compound solution (prepared from 0.3 mg / L 6-BA, 0.1 mg / L NAA, and cytokinin analogs in a specific ratio) for 1-2 hours, and then inserting them into a high-altitude special cutting substrate (a mixture of peat moss, perlite, and alpine humus in a 3:1:1 ratio). This increases the number of bulbs propagated by scale propagation by more than 30% compared to conventional cutting methods. Simultaneously, during tissue culture rapid propagation, by optimizing the culture medium formula and culture conditions, the original bulb propagation coefficient is further increased to over 6.

[0025] Preferably, the biomimetic control technology for the cultivation environment involves constructing a biomimetic shade shed in the cultivation area to simulate the natural shading effect of trees and shrubs in high-altitude areas. The shading rate of the shade shed is dynamically adjusted according to the growth stage of the lilies, with a shading rate of 60%–70% during the seedling stage and 40%–50% during the growth stage. At the same time, a ventilation system simulating the wind environment at high altitudes is set up inside the shed to keep the air flow speed inside the shed consistent with the natural wind speed at high altitudes, creating environmental conditions for the lilies that are consistent with their native habitat, thereby improving the quality and yield of the bulbs.

[0026] A method for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes also includes the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Site Selection and Substrate Pretreatment. Select a plot of land at an altitude of 3000-3500m, with gentle terrain and good drainage. The plot should be free of heavy metals and pesticide residues, and there should be no industrial pollution sources within 3 kilometers. First, remove weeds, stones, and plant debris from the plot. Use deep tillage machinery to till to a depth of 30-35cm to loosen and aerate the soil. After tilling, evenly spread 100kg of quicklime per acre and let it dry for 7-10 days. During this period, perform two shallow tillages to fully mix the quicklime with the soil. Prepare alpine meadow soil, gravel with a particle size of 0.5-1cm, and well-rotted pine needles in a volume ratio of 5:3:2. The well-rotted pine needles should be... After composting for more than 6 months and sieving to remove impurities, the three materials are mixed evenly and spread on the surface of the plot to a thickness of 20-25cm. Then, spray the entire area with an 800-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder. After spraying, cover with plastic film and seal for 5 days. Uncover the film and allow to air dry for 10 days. Based on the bulb grading results, divide the area into different cultivation zones. Grade 1 bulbs (circumference ≥ 16cm) are marked with planting points at a spacing of 15cm × 20cm. Grade 2 bulbs (14-16cm) are marked at 12cm × 18cm. Grade 3 bulbs (12-14cm) are marked at 10cm × 15cm. The marking points must be clearly identifiable.

[0028] Step Two: Bulb Transplanting and Seedling Management. Transplanting should be carried out when the spring temperature is consistently above 5℃. Before transplanting, remove the bulbs that have undergone gradual low-temperature acclimatization. Manually screen and remove damaged, moldy, and deformed bulbs. Soak the remaining bulbs in an 800-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 20 minutes. After soaking, place them in a cool, shaded place to drain the surface moisture. Dig planting pits according to the marked planting points. The pit depth should be 1.5 to 2 times the circumference of the bulb. The pit depth should be 8 to 10 cm for first-grade bulbs, 7 to 8 cm for second-grade bulbs, and 6 to 7 cm for third-grade bulbs. When placing the bulbs, ensure that the buds are facing upwards. Fill in the cultivation substrate and gently compact it to ensure close contact between the substrate and the bulbs. After transplanting, immediately water thoroughly with a high-altitude-specific stress-resistant nutrient solution (humic acid). The solution (30g / L acid, 20g / L seaweed extract, and 5g / L trace element chelate) diluted 50 times should be used for irrigation, with the substrate moistened to a depth of 20cm. After transplanting, a 2.5m high biomimetic shade shed should be erected and covered with a polyolefin shade net with a shading rate of 60% to 70%. Soil temperature and humidity sensors should be installed inside the shed to monitor substrate moisture in real time. When the moisture content is below 60%, the intermittent drip irrigation system should be activated, with each drip irrigation lasting 30 minutes at intervals of 7 to 10 days. The field should be inspected daily, and weeds should be removed in a timely manner. Diseased and weak seedlings should be removed immediately. For missing seedlings, bulbs of the same grade should be used for replanting. After replanting, water should be applied separately to help the roots settle. 20,000 predatory mites per acre should be released 15 days and 30 days after transplanting, and evenly scattered around the plants.

[0029] Step 3: Growing season management and harvest preparation. Three months after transplanting, adjust the shading rate of the shade greenhouse to 40%–50%, turn on the variable frequency ventilation system inside the greenhouse, and adjust the wind speed inside the greenhouse to 0.3–0.5 m / s according to the outside wind speed. Apply foliar fertilizer every 15 days, using a high-altitude-specific micronutrient fertilizer (boron 2g / L, zinc 1.5g / L, manganese 1g / L), diluted 500 times, and sprayed with a misting nozzle, focusing on the underside of the leaves. The dosage is 100L per acre each time. Spray a high-altitude stress-inducing agent (salicylic acid 0.1mmol / L, proline 5mmol / L, betaine 10mmol / L) once each at 30, 60, and 90 days after transplanting. Spraying time is before 10 am or after 4 pm on sunny days in the cultivation area. One integrated environmental sensor is installed every 500 square meters to collect data on soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, and atmospheric pressure every 2 hours. On the 5th of each month, a near-infrared spectroscopy detector is used to sample and test the bulbs, with each sample being 5% of the total number of bulbs. When the above-ground parts begin to turn yellow, the drip irrigation frequency is gradually reduced until the above-ground parts are completely withered, at which point watering is stopped. 15 to 20 days after the above-ground parts have withered, the bulbs are harvested using a digging shovel with a rubber pad. When digging, the shovel is dug from 10 cm away from the bulb to avoid damaging the bulb. The harvested bulbs are placed in breathable plastic baskets and transported to the processing site. Soil, residual roots, and withered petals are removed manually. After grading by circumference, the wounds on the surface of the bulbs are coated with dry wood ash. The bulbs are then placed in a well-ventilated and shady place to dry for 2 to 3 days, avoiding direct sunlight and rain during this period.

[0030] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0031] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a method and cultivation technique for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. The propagation method and cultivation technology of this high-altitude Oriental lily bulb utilizes a combination of stepped low-temperature acclimatization and altitude gradient transplantation, along with a special stress-resistant nutrient solution, which significantly improves the adaptability of the bulbs to high-altitude, low-temperature, and low-oxygen environments. The germination rate of the bulbs is increased to over 95%, and the circumference increases by more than 15%. This solves the physiological obstacles of introducing bulbs to high-altitude areas and improves the efficiency of explant induction, proliferation, and rooting.

[0033] 2. The propagation method and cultivation technology of high-altitude Oriental lily bulbs, by optimizing the tissue culture medium formula, adding alpine humus extract and mineral element solution, combined with ecological cultivation substrate and precise water and fertilizer management, makes the survival rate of transplanted tissue culture seedlings exceed 90%, and the bulb yield is increased by more than 15% compared with traditional methods, thereby improving the propagation coefficient and enhancing cultivation adaptability.

[0034] 3. The propagation method and cultivation technology of this high-altitude Oriental lily bulb integrates technologies such as stress resistance enhancement, intelligent quality monitoring, and year-round storage, achieving precise control over bulb quality, with a marketability rate of over 95%, and extending the storage period to a year. At the same time, the adoption of biological control and crop rotation patterns reduces pesticide use and ensures ecological safety, providing comprehensive technical support for the large-scale and industrialized production of high-altitude Oriental lilies. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the classification of a method for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes, as proposed in this invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bulb pretreatment process for a high-altitude Oriental lily bulb propagation method proposed in this invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-cultivation preparation process for a high-altitude Oriental lily bulb propagation method proposed in this invention.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the harvesting and preparation process for a method of propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes, as proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 4 As shown, a method for propagating and cultivating bulbs of Oriental lily at high altitudes includes a step-by-step low-temperature domestication propagation technique for Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes, a high-altitude adaptable tissue culture rapid propagation technique, a high-altitude ecological cultivation technique, a year-round bulb harvesting and storage technique, a high-altitude bulb stress resistance enhancement technique, a bulb quality intelligent monitoring technique, a high-altitude lily rotation optimization technique, a bulb propagation coefficient enhancement technique, and a biomimetic control technique for the cultivation environment.

[0041] The step-by-step low-temperature domestication and breeding technology is divided into three stages:

[0042] a. After disinfecting healthy, disease-free Oriental lily bulbs, place them in an acclimatization box simulating the diurnal temperature range at high altitudes. The first stage is set with a daytime temperature of 18–22℃ and a nighttime temperature of 8–12℃ for 10–15 days; the second stage is set with a daytime temperature of 15–18℃ and a nighttime temperature of 5–8℃ for 15–20 days; and the third stage is set with a daytime temperature of 12–15℃ and a nighttime temperature of 2–5℃ for 20–25 days. This allows the bulbs to gradually adapt to the high-altitude, low-temperature environment, promoting the accumulation of internal nutrients and initiating flower bud differentiation.

[0043] b. After the bulbs have completed low-temperature acclimatization, they are transplanted using the altitude gradient method. They are first planted in a transitional base at an altitude of 2000m and grown for 30-40 days before being transplanted to the target high-altitude area (3000-3500m). During the transplanting process, a special high-altitude stress-resistant nutrient solution (prepared from humic acid, seaweed extract, and trace element chelates in a specific ratio) is applied simultaneously to enhance the bulbs' resistance to cold, drought, and disease in a high-altitude environment.

[0044] c. In high-altitude planting areas, a crop rotation and intercropping model is adopted, intercropping with cold-resistant legumes. The nitrogen-fixing effect of legumes is used to improve soil fertility, while creating a natural shading environment to simulate the original high-altitude habitat of Oriental lilies, further improving the quality of bulbs. The circumference of the bulbs cultivated is increased by more than 15% compared with conventional methods, and the germination rate is increased to more than 95%.

[0045] High-altitude adapted tissue culture rapid propagation technology, specifically:

[0046] a. Healthy scales of Lilium orientalis were selected as explants and, after disinfection, were inoculated into high-altitude induction medium (1 / 2 MS basal medium + 6-BA 0.8 mg / L + NAA 0.2 mg / L + 10% (V / V) alpine humus extract + 5 g / L agar). The explants were cultured at a temperature of 20–23℃, a light intensity of 10–12 hours / day, and a light intensity of 1500–2000 lx for 15–20 days to induce protocorms.

[0047] b. Transfer the original bulbs to high-altitude proliferation medium (1 / 2MS basic medium + 6-BA 0.5mg / L + NAA 0.1mg / L + alpine mineral element solution 5% (V / V) + agar 5g / L) and culture for 20-25 days. The original bulb proliferation coefficient reaches 5 or more.

[0048] c. The proliferated protocorms or buds were transferred to high-altitude rooting medium (1 / 2 MS basal medium + NAA 0.3 mg / L + activated carbon 0.5 g / L + alpine meadow soil extract 8% (V / V) + agar 5 g / L) and cultured for 30-35 days. The rooting rate reached 100%, and the root system was well-developed and the seedlings were vigorous. After hardening off, the survival rate after transplanting exceeded 90%.

[0049] The key to high-altitude ecological cultivation technology lies in:

[0050] a. Cultivation substrate preparation: Use "alpine meadow soil + gravel + decomposed pine needles" in a volume ratio of 5:3:2. The substrate thickness is 20-25cm. The gravel particle size is controlled at 0.5-1cm to ensure good drainage and aeration, and to simulate the original soil structure of high-altitude lilies, providing a loose and organic-rich environment for bulb growth.

[0051] b. Field Management: Irrigation adopts intermittent drip irrigation technology. According to the precipitation pattern and soil moisture in high-altitude areas, drip irrigation is carried out every 7 to 10 days, and the drip irrigation time is controlled at 30 to 40 minutes each time to maintain soil moisture at 60% to 70%. Slow-release high-altitude organic fertilizer is selected for fertilization, combined with foliar spraying of high-altitude special micronutrient fertilizer to meet the nutritional needs of lilies in high-altitude environments. At the same time, taking advantage of the strong ultraviolet radiation in high-altitude areas, the occurrence of pests and diseases is reduced. Only biological control methods (such as releasing predatory mites to control aphids) are needed during the critical growth period to effectively control pests and diseases.

[0052] The technology for year-round bulb harvesting and storage involves harvesting at a time determined by the phenological period in high-altitude areas, typically 15–20 days after the above-ground parts have withered. The bulbs are carefully dug up during harvesting to avoid damage. Storage employs a graded, temperature- and humidity-controlled storage method. Bulbs are graded by circumference and placed in a specialized storage facility with a temperature of -2–1°C and a relative humidity of 60%–65%. Simultaneously, a cool, filtered airflow characteristic of high-altitude regions is introduced to maintain consistency between the storage environment and the high-altitude habitat. This allows for year-round storage of bulbs with a germination rate exceeding 90%, providing a stable seed source for the large-scale production of Oriental lilies at high altitudes.

[0053] The high-altitude bulb stress resistance enhancement technology involves foliar spraying a high-altitude stress resistance inducer (made from salicylic acid, proline, and betaine at specific concentrations) once a month for three consecutive months during the critical growth period of the bulbs. This significantly enhances the stress resistance of the bulbs in the low-temperature and low-oxygen environment at high altitudes, increasing the overwintering survival rate of untreated bulbs by more than 20%.

[0054] The intelligent monitoring technology for bulb quality utilizes an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor network to deploy sensors in the bulb growth area to monitor environmental parameters in real time, such as soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, and atmospheric pressure. It also uses near-infrared spectroscopy to periodically perform non-destructive testing on quality indicators such as starch content, sugar content, and circumference of the bulbs, achieving intelligent and precise monitoring of bulb quality and ensuring that the bulb quality compliance rate is above 95%.

[0055] The high-altitude lily rotation optimization technology adopts a three-year rotation model of "Oriental lily-alpine oat-leguminous green manure". After planting lilies for one year, alpine oats are planted for one year, followed by leguminous green manure for one year, and then lilies are planted again. Through rotation, the soil structure at high altitudes is effectively improved, the soil organic matter content is increased, and the obstacles of continuous cropping are reduced, which increases the yield of lily bulbs by more than 15% compared with the continuous cropping model.

[0056] The bulb propagation coefficient enhancement technology involves cutting scales into small pieces with axillary buds during scale propagation, soaking them in a plant growth regulator compound solution (prepared from 0.3 mg / L 6-BA, 0.1 mg / L NAA, and cytokinin analogs in a specific ratio) for 1-2 hours, and then inserting them into a special high-altitude propagation substrate (a mixture of peat moss, perlite, and alpine humus in a 3:1:1 ratio). This increases the number of bulbs propagated by scale propagation by more than 30% compared to conventional cutting methods. Simultaneously, during tissue culture rapid propagation, by optimizing the culture medium formula and culture conditions, the original bulb propagation coefficient is further increased to over 6.

[0057] The biomimetic control technology for the cultivation environment involves constructing biomimetic shade houses in the cultivation area to simulate the natural shading effect of trees and shrubs in high-altitude regions. The shading rate of the shade houses is dynamically adjusted according to the growth stage of the lilies, with a shading rate of 60%–70% during the seedling stage and 40%–50% during the growth period. At the same time, a ventilation system simulating the wind environment at high altitudes is set up inside the houses to keep the air flow speed inside the houses consistent with the natural wind speed at high altitudes, creating environmental conditions for the lilies that are consistent with their native habitat, thereby improving the quality and yield of the bulbs.

[0058] A method for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes also includes the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Site Selection and Substrate Pretreatment. Choose a site at an altitude of 3000-3500m, with flat terrain and good drainage. The site must be free of heavy metals and pesticide residues, and there should be no industrial pollution sources within 3 kilometers to prevent contamination of the bulbs and ensure their quality. This also prevents bulb rot caused by poor drainage, providing a clean and safe environment for bulb growth. First, remove weeds, stones, and plant debris from the site. Use deep tillage machinery to cultivate the soil to a depth of 30-35cm to make the soil loose and aerated, preventing weeds from competing with the bulbs for nutrients. Stones hinder root growth, prevent soil compaction from affecting aeration, and promote root extension and respiration in the bulbs. After tilling, evenly spread 100 kg of quicklime per acre and let it dry for 7-10 days, during which time perform two shallow tillages to fully mix the quicklime with the soil. This prevents the growth of pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, while also adjusting the soil pH to reduce the risk of pests and diseases, creating a suitable acid-base growth environment for the bulbs. Prepare alpine meadow soil, gravel with a particle size of 0.5-1 cm, and well-rotted pine needles in a volume ratio of 5:3:2. The well-rotted pine needles need to be fermented for at least 6 months. After composting and sieving to remove impurities, the three materials are mixed evenly and spread on the surface of the plot to a thickness of 20-25cm. This prevents poor aeration and drainage of the substrate from causing root rot in the bulbs and avoids root burn from fermentation of uncomposted materials. Simulating the structure of native high-altitude soil, this provides a loose and fertile growing substrate for the bulbs. Subsequently, the entire substrate is sprayed with an 800-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder. After spraying, the substrate is covered with plastic film and sealed for 5 days. Then, the film is removed and the substrate is allowed to air dry for 10 days to prevent residual pathogens from causing bulb diseases and to further purify the cultivation substrate. Environmental conditions; based on the bulb grading results, divide the cultivation areas into different zones. Grade 1 bulbs (circumference ≥ 16cm) are marked with planting points at a spacing of 15cm × 20cm, Grade 2 bulbs (14~16cm) are marked with 12cm × 18cm, and Grade 3 bulbs (12~14cm) are marked with 10cm × 15cm. The marking points must be clearly identifiable to prevent uneven planting density from causing plants to compete for light and fertilizer, to avoid imbalance in growth competition among bulbs of different sizes, and to ensure that all types of bulbs can obtain sufficient growth space and resources, thus promoting uniform growth.

[0060] Step Two: Bulb Transplanting and Seedling Management. Transplanting should be carried out when the spring temperature is consistently above 5℃ to prevent frost damage to the bulb buds and to avoid temperature fluctuations affecting the survival rate, thus providing stable temperature conditions for bulb germination. Before transplanting, remove the bulbs that have undergone gradual low-temperature acclimatization and manually screen them to remove damaged, moldy, and deformed bulbs. This prevents weak or diseased bulbs from affecting the overall growth rhythm and avoids the spread of pathogens by moldy bulbs, ensuring the healthy quality of the transplanted bulbs. The remaining bulbs are soaked in an 800-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 20 minutes, then removed and placed in a cool, shady place to drain surface moisture. This prevents the bulbs from carrying pathogens that could cause seedling diseases and further enhances the disease resistance of the bulbs after transplanting. Dig planting pits according to the marked planting points. The pit depth should be 1.5 to 2 times the circumference of the bulb. The pit depth should be 8 to 10 cm for first-grade bulbs, 7 to 8 cm for second-grade bulbs, and 6 to 7 cm for third-grade bulbs. When placing the bulbs, ensure that the buds are facing upwards. Fill in the cultivation substrate and gently compact it to ensure close contact between the substrate and the bulbs. This prevents planting too deep or too shallow, which could hinder bud germination and avoids excessive gaps between the substrate and the bulbs, which could lead to water loss and prevent root attachment. This ensures successful germination and root development. After planting, immediately water the bulbs with a high-altitude-specific stress-resistant nutrient solution (30 g / L humic acid, 20 g / L seaweed extract, and 5 g / L trace element chelates) diluted 50 times. The solution should be applied to moisten the substrate to a depth of 20cm to prevent the bulbs from wilting due to lack of water and to avoid insufficient root nutrition affecting early growth. This provides sufficient water and nutrients for bulb germination, enhancing their adaptability. After transplanting, construct a 2.5m high biomimetic shade structure, covered with a 60%–70% shading net of polyolefin to prevent direct sunlight from scorching the tender shoots and to avoid high temperatures causing seedling dehydration. This creates a mild light environment for seedling growth. Soil temperature and humidity sensors are installed inside the structure to monitor substrate moisture in real time. When the moisture level drops below 60%, an intermittent drip irrigation system is activated, with each drip lasting 30 minutes, spaced 7–10 days apart, to prevent the soil from drying out and avoid overwatering. Excessive weeding can cause root rot, so maintain suitable soil moisture during the seedling stage. Inspect the field daily and remove weeds promptly to prevent them from competing with seedlings for water and fertilizer and blocking sunlight, ensuring that seedlings receive sufficient growth resources. Remove any diseased or weak seedlings immediately and replant with bulbs of the same grade where seedlings are missing. After replanting, water separately to prevent the spread of diseases by diseased or weak seedlings and to avoid yield loss due to missing seedlings. Ensure uniform plant density and robust growth in the field. Release 20,000 predatory mites per acre 15 days and 30 days after transplanting, and spread them evenly around the plants to prevent aphids and other piercing-sucking pests from damaging the seedlings. Avoid using chemical pesticides and ensure the health of seedlings through biological control.

[0061] Step 3: Growing Season Management and Harvest Preparation. Three months after transplanting, adjust the shading rate of the shade structure to 40%–50% to prevent insufficient light from causing excessive vegetative growth and poor flowering, and to avoid scorching the leaves by strong sunlight. Provide sufficient and suitable light for the plants during the growing season to promote photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation. Turn on the variable frequency ventilation system inside the greenhouse and adjust the wind speed inside to 0.3–0.5 m / s according to the outside wind speed. This prevents diseases caused by high temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse, avoids poor air circulation leading to weak plant growth, simulates the natural wind environment at high altitudes, and enhances the plant's resistance to lodging and gas exchange efficiency. Apply foliar fertilizer every 15 days, using a high-altitude-specific micronutrient fertilizer (boron 2g / L, zinc 1.5g / L). Apply a 1g / L manganese solution diluted 500 times using a misting nozzle, focusing on the underside of the leaves. Use 100L per acre per application to prevent malformation and quality decline caused by micronutrient deficiency, supplement the nutrients needed during the growth period, and promote bulb enlargement and quality improvement. Apply a high-altitude stress inducer (0.1mmol / L salicylic acid, 5mmol / L proline, and 10mmol / L betaine) at 30, 60, and 90 days after transplanting. Spray before 10:00 AM or after 4:00 PM on sunny days to prevent insufficient plant resistance due to low temperature and low oxygen conditions at high altitudes, and to avoid the negative impact of extreme environments on growth. Place one integrated environmental control system per 500㎡ in the cultivation area. Sensors collect soil temperature, humidity, light intensity, and atmospheric pressure data every 2 hours to prevent abnormal environmental parameters from affecting plant growth and provide data support for refined management. On the 5th of each month, a near-infrared spectroscopy analyzer is used to sample and test the bulbs, with each sample representing 5% of the total number of bulbs. This prevents untimely intervention for substandard bulb quality, allows real-time monitoring of bulb growth, and facilitates dynamic adjustments to management plans. When the above-ground parts begin to yellow, gradually reduce the frequency of drip irrigation until the above-ground parts are completely withered, then stop watering to prevent excessive moisture from causing bulb rot, avoid nutrient loss affecting bulb accumulation, and promote nutrient return and maturation. 15-20 days after the above-ground parts wither, [the following steps are taken]. Harvest the bulbs using a digging shovel with a rubber pad, digging from 10cm away to prevent damage to the bulb's surface and avoid pathogens entering the wounds, thus ensuring the bulb's integrity. Avoid damaging the bulb stem. Place the harvested bulbs in a breathable plastic basket and transport them to the processing site. Manually remove soil, residual roots, and withered petals to prevent impurities from contaminating the bulbs and to avoid pathogens carried by the debris, keeping the bulbs clean. After grading by circumference, apply dry wood ash to the wounds on the bulb surface to prevent infection and rot, thus acting as a bactericide and preservative. Spread them out in a well-ventilated, cool place to dry for 2-3 days, avoiding direct sunlight and rain to prevent dehydration and mold growth, reduce the bulb's respiration rate, and prepare for subsequent storage.

[0062] The working principle involves integrating nine technologies to construct a systematic breeding and cultivation system, achieving full-process adaptation of bulbs from acclimatization, propagation, cultivation to harvesting and storage. Firstly, the stepped low-temperature acclimatization technology gradually activates the bulbs' stress-resistance physiological mechanisms through gradient cooling and altitude transition transplanting, coupled with a specialized stress-resistance nutrient solution, laying the foundation for bulbs to adapt to high-altitude environments. Secondly, the high-altitude adapted tissue culture rapid propagation technology uses a modified culture medium formula as its core, incorporating extracts of humus soil unique to high mountains and mineral elements to simulate the native nutrient environment, improving explant induction, proliferation, and rooting efficiency. Simultaneously, the bulb propagation coefficient enhancement technology further improves propagation efficiency by optimizing the cutting substrate and plant growth regulator compound solution. Thirdly, the high-altitude ecological cultivation technology uses a composite substrate adapted to soil characteristics, combined with intermittent drip irrigation and precise application... Fertilizer is used to meet the water and fertilizer requirements for bulb growth. Biomimetic control technology of cultivation environment simulates the original environment through dynamic shading and ventilation to reduce environmental stress. High-altitude bulb stress resistance enhancement technology enhances the bulb's cold resistance and hypoxia resistance by spraying inducers. High-altitude lily rotation optimization technology improves soil structure through reasonable crop rotation and avoids continuous cropping obstacles. Intelligent bulb quality monitoring technology uses IoT sensors and near-infrared spectroscopy to capture environmental parameters and bulb quality indicators in real time, providing data support for technical adjustments at each stage. Finally, year-round bulb harvesting and storage technology maintains the physiological activity of bulbs and ensures a stable supply of seed sources by standardizing the harvesting process, graded temperature and humidity control storage, and cold air flow regulation. The whole process of technology works together to realize the large-scale and standardized breeding and cultivation of Oriental lily bulbs in high-altitude environments.

[0063] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

Claims

1. A method for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes, characterized in that, This includes step-by-step low-temperature domestication and propagation technology for high-altitude Oriental lily bulbs, high-altitude adaptable tissue culture rapid propagation technology, high-altitude ecological cultivation technology, year-round bulb harvesting and storage technology, high-altitude bulb stress resistance enhancement technology, intelligent bulb quality monitoring technology, high-altitude lily rotation optimization technology, bulb propagation coefficient improvement technology, and biomimetic control technology for cultivation environment. The stepped low-temperature domestication and breeding technology is divided into three stages: a. After disinfecting healthy, disease-free Oriental lily bulbs, place them in an acclimatization box simulating the diurnal temperature range at high altitudes. The first stage is set with a daytime temperature of 18–22℃ and a nighttime temperature of 8–12℃ for 10–15 days; the second stage is set with a daytime temperature of 15–18℃ and a nighttime temperature of 5–8℃ for 15–20 days; and the third stage is set with a daytime temperature of 12–15℃ and a nighttime temperature of 2–5℃ for 20–25 days. This allows the bulbs to gradually adapt to the high-altitude, low-temperature environment, promoting the accumulation of internal nutrients and initiating flower bud differentiation. b. After the bulbs have completed low-temperature acclimatization, they are transplanted using the altitude gradient method. They are first planted in a transitional base at an altitude of 2000m and grown for 30-40 days before being transplanted to the target high-altitude area (3000-3500m). During the transplanting process, a special high-altitude stress-resistant nutrient solution (prepared from humic acid, seaweed extract, and trace element chelates in a specific ratio) is applied simultaneously to enhance the bulbs' resistance to cold, drought, and disease in a high-altitude environment. c. In high-altitude planting areas, a crop rotation and intercropping model is adopted, intercropping with cold-resistant legumes. The nitrogen-fixing effect of legumes is used to improve soil fertility, while creating a natural shading environment to simulate the original high-altitude habitat of Oriental lilies, further improving the quality of bulbs. The circumference of the bulbs cultivated is increased by more than 15% compared with conventional methods, and the germination rate is increased to more than 95%.

2. The method for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-altitude-adaptive tissue culture rapid propagation technology specifically includes: a. Healthy scales of Lilium orientalis were selected as explants and, after disinfection, were inoculated into high-altitude induction medium (1 / 2 MS basal medium + 6-BA 0.8 mg / L + NAA 0.2 mg / L + 10% (V / V) alpine humus extract + 5 g / L agar). The explants were cultured at a temperature of 20–23℃, a light intensity of 10–12 hours / day, and a light intensity of 1500–2000 lx for 15–20 days to induce protocorms. b. Transfer the original bulbs to high-altitude proliferation medium (1 / 2MS basic medium + 6-BA 0.5mg / L + NAA 0.1mg / L + alpine mineral element solution 5% (V / V) + agar 5g / L) and culture for 20-25 days. The original bulb proliferation coefficient reaches 5 or more. c. The proliferated protocorms or buds were transferred to high-altitude rooting medium (1 / 2 MS basal medium + NAA 0.3 mg / L + activated carbon 0.5 g / L + alpine meadow soil extract 8% (V / V) + agar 5 g / L) and cultured for 30-35 days. The rooting rate reached 100%, and the root system was well-developed and the seedlings were vigorous. After hardening off, the survival rate after transplanting exceeded 90%.

3. The method for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The key to the aforementioned high-altitude ecological cultivation technology lies in: a. Cultivation substrate preparation: Use "alpine meadow soil + gravel + decomposed pine needles" in a volume ratio of 5:3:

2. The substrate thickness is 20-25cm. The gravel particle size is controlled at 0.5-1cm to ensure good drainage and aeration, and to simulate the original soil structure of high-altitude lilies, providing a loose and organic-rich environment for bulb growth. b. Field Management: Irrigation adopts intermittent drip irrigation technology. According to the precipitation pattern and soil moisture in high-altitude areas, drip irrigation is carried out every 7 to 10 days, and the drip irrigation time is controlled at 30 to 40 minutes each time to maintain soil moisture at 60% to 70%. Slow-release high-altitude organic fertilizer is selected for fertilization, combined with foliar spraying of high-altitude special micronutrient fertilizer to meet the nutritional needs of lilies in high-altitude environments. At the same time, taking advantage of the strong ultraviolet radiation in high-altitude areas, the occurrence of pests and diseases is reduced. Only biological control methods (such as releasing predatory mites to control aphids) are needed during the critical growth period to effectively control pests and diseases.

4. The method for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described year-round bulb harvesting and storage technology involves harvesting at a time determined by the phenological period in high-altitude areas, typically 15–20 days after the above-ground parts have withered. The bulbs are carefully dug up during harvesting to avoid damage. Storage employs a graded, temperature- and humidity-controlled storage method. Bulbs are graded by circumference and placed in a dedicated storage facility with a temperature of -2–1°C and a relative humidity of 60%–65%. Simultaneously, a cool, filtered airflow characteristic of high-altitude regions is introduced to maintain consistency between the storage environment and the high-altitude habitat. This allows for year-round storage of the bulbs with a germination rate exceeding 90%, providing a stable seed source for the large-scale production of Oriental lilies at high altitudes.

5. The method for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-altitude bulb stress resistance enhancement technology involves spraying a high-altitude stress resistance inducer (made from salicylic acid, proline, and betaine at specific concentrations) on the leaves during the critical growth period of the bulbs. This is done once a month for three consecutive months, which significantly enhances the stress resistance of the bulbs in the low-temperature and low-oxygen environment at high altitudes, increasing the overwintering survival rate of untreated bulbs by more than 20%.

6. The method for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned intelligent monitoring technology for bulb quality utilizes an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor network to deploy sensors in the bulb growth area to monitor environmental parameters in real time, such as soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, and atmospheric pressure. It also uses near-infrared spectroscopy to periodically perform non-destructive testing on quality indicators such as starch content, sugar content, and circumference of the bulbs, thereby achieving intelligent and precise monitoring of bulb quality and ensuring that the bulb quality compliance rate is above 95%.

7. The method for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-altitude lily rotation optimization technology adopts a three-year rotation pattern of "Oriental lily-alpine oat-leguminous green manure". After planting lilies for one year, alpine oats are planted for one year, followed by leguminous green manure for one year, and then lilies are planted again. Through rotation, the soil structure at high altitudes is effectively improved, the soil organic matter content is increased, and the obstacles of continuous cropping are reduced, so that the yield of lily bulbs is increased by more than 15% compared with the continuous cropping pattern.

8. The method for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned bulb propagation coefficient enhancement technology involves cutting scales into small pieces with axillary buds during scale cutting propagation. These pieces are then soaked in a plant growth regulator compound solution (prepared from 0.3 mg / L 6-BA, 0.1 mg / L NAA, and cytokinin analogs in a specific ratio) for 1-2 hours. The cuttings are then inserted into a high-altitude specialized propagation substrate (a mixture of peat moss, perlite, and alpine humus in a 3:1:1 ratio). This increases the number of bulbs produced by scale propagation by more than 30% compared to conventional cutting methods. Simultaneously, during tissue culture rapid propagation, by optimizing the culture medium formula and conditions, the original bulb propagation coefficient is further increased to over 6.

9. The method and cultivation technique for propagating high-altitude Oriental lily bulbs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned biomimetic cultivation environment control technology involves constructing a biomimetic shade shed in the cultivation area to simulate the natural shading effect of trees and shrubs in high-altitude regions. The shading rate of the shade shed is dynamically adjusted according to the growth stage of the lilies, with a shading rate of 60%–70% during the seedling stage and 40%–50% during the growth period. At the same time, a ventilation system simulating the wind environment of high altitudes is set up inside the shed to keep the air flow speed inside the shed consistent with the natural wind speed at high altitudes, creating environmental conditions for lily growth that are consistent with their native habitat, thereby improving bulb quality and yield.

10. The cultivation technique for high-altitude Oriental lily bulbs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for propagating Oriental lily bulbs at high altitudes according to any one of claims 1-9 further includes the following steps: Step 1: Site Selection and Substrate Pretreatment. Select a plot of land at an altitude of 3000-3500m, with gentle terrain and good drainage. The plot should be free of heavy metals and pesticide residues, and there should be no industrial pollution sources within 3 kilometers. First, remove weeds, stones, and plant debris from the plot. Use deep tillage machinery to till to a depth of 30-35cm to loosen and aerate the soil. After tilling, evenly spread 100kg of quicklime per acre and let it dry for 7-10 days. During this period, perform two shallow tillages to fully mix the quicklime with the soil. Prepare alpine meadow soil, gravel with a particle size of 0.5-1cm, and well-rotted pine needles in a volume ratio of 5:3:

2. The well-rotted pine needles should be... After composting for more than 6 months and sieving to remove impurities, the three materials are mixed evenly and spread on the surface of the plot to a thickness of 20-25cm. Then, spray the entire area with an 800-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder. After spraying, cover with plastic film and seal for 5 days. Uncover the film and allow to air dry for 10 days. Based on the bulb grading results, divide the area into different cultivation zones. Grade 1 bulbs (circumference ≥ 16cm) are marked with planting points at a spacing of 15cm × 20cm. Grade 2 bulbs (14-16cm) are marked at 12cm × 18cm. Grade 3 bulbs (12-14cm) are marked at 10cm × 15cm. The marking points must be clearly identifiable. Step Two: Bulb Transplanting and Seedling Management. Transplanting should be carried out when the spring temperature is consistently above 5℃. Before transplanting, remove the bulbs that have undergone gradual low-temperature acclimatization. Manually screen and remove damaged, moldy, and deformed bulbs. Soak the remaining bulbs in an 800-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 20 minutes. After soaking, place them in a cool, shaded place to drain the surface moisture. Dig planting pits according to the marked planting points. The pit depth should be 1.5 to 2 times the circumference of the bulb. The pit depth should be 8 to 10 cm for first-grade bulbs, 7 to 8 cm for second-grade bulbs, and 6 to 7 cm for third-grade bulbs. When placing the bulbs, ensure that the buds are facing upwards. Fill in the cultivation substrate and gently compact it to ensure close contact between the substrate and the bulbs. After transplanting, immediately water thoroughly with a high-altitude-specific stress-resistant nutrient solution (humic acid). The solution (30g / L acid, 20g / L seaweed extract, and 5g / L trace element chelate) diluted 50 times should be used for irrigation, with the substrate moistened to a depth of 20cm. After transplanting, a 2.5m high biomimetic shade shed should be erected and covered with a polyolefin shade net with a shading rate of 60% to 70%. Soil temperature and humidity sensors should be installed inside the shed to monitor substrate moisture in real time. When the moisture content is below 60%, the intermittent drip irrigation system should be activated, with each drip irrigation lasting 30 minutes at intervals of 7 to 10 days. The field should be inspected daily, and weeds should be removed in a timely manner. Diseased and weak seedlings should be removed immediately. For missing seedlings, bulbs of the same grade should be used for replanting. After replanting, water should be applied separately to help the roots settle. 20,000 predatory mites per acre should be released 15 days and 30 days after transplanting, and evenly scattered around the plants. Step 3: Growing season management and harvest preparation. Three months after transplanting, adjust the shading rate of the shade greenhouse to 40%–50%, turn on the variable frequency ventilation system inside the greenhouse, and adjust the wind speed inside the greenhouse to 0.3–0.5 m / s according to the outside wind speed. Apply foliar fertilizer every 15 days, using a high-altitude-specific micronutrient fertilizer (boron 2g / L, zinc 1.5g / L, manganese 1g / L), diluted 500 times, and sprayed with a misting nozzle, focusing on the underside of the leaves. The dosage is 100L per acre each time. Spray a high-altitude stress-inducing agent (salicylic acid 0.1mmol / L, proline 5mmol / L, betaine 10mmol / L) once each at 30, 60, and 90 days after transplanting. Spraying time is before 10 am or after 4 pm on sunny days in the cultivation area. One integrated environmental sensor is installed every 500 square meters to collect data on soil temperature and humidity, light intensity, and atmospheric pressure every 2 hours. On the 5th of each month, a near-infrared spectroscopy detector is used to sample and test the bulbs, with each sample being 5% of the total number of bulbs. When the above-ground parts begin to turn yellow, the drip irrigation frequency is gradually reduced until the above-ground parts are completely withered, at which point watering is stopped. 15 to 20 days after the above-ground parts have withered, the bulbs are harvested using a digging shovel with a rubber pad. When digging, the shovel is dug from 10 cm away from the bulb to avoid damaging the bulb. The harvested bulbs are placed in breathable plastic baskets and transported to the processing site. Soil, residual roots, and withered petals are removed manually. After grading by circumference, the wounds on the surface of the bulbs are coated with dry wood ash. The bulbs are then placed in a well-ventilated and shady place to dry for 2 to 3 days, avoiding direct sunlight and rain during this period.

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