Kelp development stage CIELAB parameter standard database and method for regulating and monitoring maturity of kelp sporangium by using database

Abstract

The invention relates to a kelp development stage-CIELAB parameter standard database and a method for regulating and monitoring the maturity of kelp sporangium by using the same, and belongs to the technical field of large seaweed cultivation and seedling raising. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a development stage-CIELAB parameter standard database, and then measuring the CIELAB value of a sample to determine the maturity of kelp sporangium; the development stage of a sample is judged according to the established standard database, and the development process of kelp is regulated and controlled by using light quality according to production requirements, so that the requirements of kelp seedlings at different time can be met, the season dependence bottleneck of traditional seedling culture is solved, and cross-season and multi-batch efficient production of winter seedlings and the like becomes possible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of large-scale seaweed cultivation and seedling technology, specifically involving a kelp development stage-CIELAB parameter standard database and a method for regulating and monitoring the maturity of kelp sporangia using it. Background Technology

[0002] Large seaweed, especially kelp ( Saccharina japonica Kelp plays a pivotal role in both the global aquaculture industry and my country's blue economy. In the artificial cultivation of kelp, accurately determining the reproductive maturity of the parent thallus for seed collection is crucial to the success of seedling propagation.

[0003] However, existing technologies have significant drawbacks in this regard. First, the judgment of maturity mainly relies on the visual observation and experience of the breeders, which is a subjective, unquantifiable, and poorly repeatable method. It is easily affected by factors such as light and the observer, leading to inaccurate timing of seedling collection, waste of parent resources, and low seedling efficiency.

[0004] As the kelp industry (such as the cultivation of tender kelp seedlings in Fujian) transforms towards a highly efficient "multiple harvests per year" farming model, the bottlenecks caused by the aforementioned shortcomings are becoming increasingly prominent in the process of industrial upgrading. The industry has placed extremely high demands on the continuity, timeliness, and specification stability of seedling supply (such as the supply of "winter seedlings").

[0005] The core bottleneck of existing technologies lies in the fact that traditional seedling cultivation is highly dependent on the season. Seedling companies cannot actively control the maturity time of kelp seedlings and can only passively wait for them to mature naturally. This results in the supply of seedlings failing to meet market demand in both time and quantity (such as for winter seedlings), creating a huge industry gap. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for an industrialized control system that can actively and persistently inhibit premature maturation of sporangia and can precisely activate and track the maturation process when needed.

[0006] Existing tracking methods (such as visual observation) cannot meet this requirement. Although the CIELAB color space... As a well-known, device-independent, standardized color measurement system, it has been used in industrial quality control. However, there is a lack of publicly available technology to combine it with specific light control methods (such as red light) to construct a complete control-monitoring closed-loop system to solve the aforementioned seasonal dependence problem, and further details are missing. The precise, repeatable quantitative relationship and specific nonlinear variation patterns between the three color parameters and the detailed developmental stages of kelp sporangia were investigated. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the industry pain points of existing kelp seedling cultivation technologies, such as strong seasonal dependence and inability to supply multiple batches of seedlings (e.g., winter seedlings) on demand, this invention provides a sporangium maturation management method that integrates active regulation and precise monitoring.

[0008] A method for regulating and monitoring the maturation cycle of kelp sporangia, the principle of which is based on two closely related scientific laws discovered for the first time by the inventors: (1) Regulation rules: Red light of a specific wavelength (e.g., light with a peak in the range of 630-670nm) has a significant inhibitory effect on the development of kelp sporangia; white light or blue light (with a peak in the range of 450-480nm), especially blue light, has a significant promoting effect on the formation of kelp sporangia and the concentrated release of zoospores.

[0009] (2) Monitoring patterns: The maturation process of sporangia exhibits specific and predictable color change trajectories in CIELAB space (especially...). The value follows a "rise-fall-rise" pattern, and each stage corresponds to a unique CIELAB feature set.

[0010] This invention utilizes red light as an active intervention method to break seasonal dependence; simultaneously, it employs the CIELAB model as a precise and quantitative process management tool to achieve accurate control. Together, they constitute a complete, closed-loop, on-demand industrial system.

[0011] This invention is specifically achieved through the following technical solution: A standard database of CIELAB parameters for kelp development stages is provided. The database is established by using a comprehensive set of morphological and physiological methods (including macroscopic color / protrusion observation and physiological induction verification) to stage sporangia and simultaneously measure their CIELAB values, thereby establishing a standard database between "sporangia morphological development stage" and "CIELAB color space parameter feature set".

[0012] Furthermore, the morphological and physiological methods described include features such as macroscopic color, protrusion observation, and physiological induction verification.

[0013] Furthermore, the feature set is the range of feature values ​​measured in each developmental stage (i), and the following is defined: (a) This developmental stage , , i. Feature numerical range, the numerical range is , , ;in This represents the brightness value during stage i of the developmental period. The red-green axis values ​​represent stage i of the developmental process. This represents the yellow-blue axis value for stage i of the developmental process. This represents the minimum brightness value during stage i of the developmental period. This represents the maximum brightness value during stage i of the developmental period. This represents the minimum red-green axis value for stage i of the developmental period. This represents the maximum red-green axis value during stage i of the developmental period. Minimum yellow-blue axis value in stage i of development. The maximum yellow-blue axis value during stage i of the developmental period; (b) This developmental period Standard average color value, of which The average brightness value, average red-green axis value, and average yellow-blue axis value of stage i of the developmental period, respectively; This step establishes the scientific basis for the use of this invention in monitoring, such as The value follows a "rise-fall-rise" pattern.

[0014] Furthermore, the developmental stages of kelp and their corresponding morphological and physiological characteristics are shown in Table 1.

[0015] This invention also provides a method for regulating and monitoring the maturity of kelp sporangia using the aforementioned standard database, the method being as follows: Step 1: Inhibition and Regulation During non-seedling collection periods (e.g., reserving parent stock in autumn for winter seedling production), mature kelp parent stock (e.g., determined to be in stage I by the method in step one) are exposed to red light (e.g., 630-670 nm) to inhibit their development and cause them to remain in the immature development stage for a long period of time. Step 2: Maintenance period monitoring During the suppression process in step one, the standard database is used periodically to perform non-destructive testing on the samples to confirm that their color parameters remain within the feature set to be matured, thus ensuring effective suppression. Step 3: Regulation of ripening When seedlings are needed (e.g., when the winter seedling production window arrives), remove the inhibiting conditions (e.g., remove red light and / or apply ripening-promoting conditions such as blue light) to initiate the synchronous maturation of sporangia. Furthermore, in step three, the condition for relieving inhibition is to remove red light and / or apply ripening conditions including blue light.

[0016] Step 4: Monitoring during the follow-up period In the ripening regulation stage of step three, CIELAB data of the samples are periodically collected, compared in real time using the standard database, and the developmental stage of the samples is identified in real time according to the following logic: (i) Color difference calculation: Calculate the CIELAB value of the sample to be tested. Compared with the average color values ​​of each developmental stage in the standard database Color difference between The formula for calculating color difference is: ; (ii) Stage Classification Determination: The current developmental stage is determined by a logic combining "minimum color difference and range matching," that is, the sample to be tested is classified according to the color difference with the average color value in the standard database. The corresponding developmental stage with the smallest CIELAB coordinate value that also falls within the characteristic numerical range of that stage; (iii) Dynamic trajectory determination based on time series: targeting different developmental stages in the CIELAB color space (especially Numerical overlap exists in the values, especially for non-adjacent developmental stages (e.g., stages II, IV, and VI). The mean values ​​are all distributed in the range of 2.2-2.3. This invention uses a dynamic trajectory determination logic based on time series for accurate differentiation. When the CIELAB value of the sample to be tested falls within the above-mentioned overlapping range, the system automatically retrieves the monitoring data of the sample from the previous time point for comparison: (1) Determination of the rising phase (Phase II): If the previous time point Values ​​in the extremely low range, such as below 1.0, exhibit typical early characteristics; if at this time... A significant increase in the value indicates the onset of early yellowing, i.e., stage II.

[0017] (2) Determination of the descent phase (Phase IV): If the previous time point The value is in the high-peak region, for example, above 2.6, which is typical of the pre-maturity stage; if at this time... When the value shows a downward trend, it can be determined that it is about to enter the maturity stage, namely stage IV.

[0018] (3) Determination of the recovery period (stage VI): If the previous time point The value is in a low range, for example, around 1.8, which usually corresponds to the state before the divergence; if at this time If the value rebounds and shows an upward trend, it can be determined that it has entered the partial dispersion stage, i.e., stage VI.

[0019] Step 5: Maturity Assessment and Seedling Collection Based on the real-time identification results of step four, ripening regulation shall be terminated immediately and seedling collection shall be carried out only if the monitoring results of step four determine that the sample has precisely reached "stage V (fully mature)". The criteria for determining "reaching stage V" are: the color difference between the sample and the average color value of stage V is minimal, the value falls within the characteristic range of stage V, and... The value conforms to the developmental trajectory of decreasing from stage III to stage V.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: This invention is a complete industrial system. It organically combines "red light suppression" with "CIELAB monitoring," transforming kelp seedling cultivation from a passive, nature-dependent production process to one that can be controlled on demand. This invention overcomes the seasonal dependence bottleneck of traditional seedling cultivation, making efficient, multi-crop, cross-seasonal production, such as "winter seedlings," possible.

[0021] This invention is not merely a static color chart comparison, but a dynamic one based on physiological laws (such as...). This invention is a process tracking system for the "rise-fall-rise" trajectory. By introducing "dynamic trajectory determination" logic, this invention can accurately distinguish ambiguous stages (such as stage IV and stage VI) that are not distinguishable by the traditional naked eye (or even conventional colorimetry) and have drastically different physiological states, ensuring the repeatability of accurate seedling collection in industrial continuous production. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 The diagram shows the different stages of kelp sporangium development. A represents stage I, B represents stage II, C represents stage III, D represents stage IV, E represents stage V, F represents stage VI, and G represents stage VII. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0024] Example 1 A standard database of CIELAB parameters for kelp development stages and a method for regulating and monitoring kelp sporangium maturity using this database are described below. This invention uses a comprehensive set of morphological and physiological methods to rigorously stage kelp samples in order to establish a standard database for CIELAB monitoring.

[0025] a) Macroscopic and tactile observation (for stages I-IV): Assess macroscopic changes on the leaf surface, such as: a smooth leaf surface without color patches is stage I; a slightly raised, rough texture with slight yellowing is stage II; a significant, color-patterned raised surface with obvious yellowing is stage III; and a thin epidermal film forms on the raised surface of the leaf is stage IV.

[0026] b) Physiological induction and verification (for stages V-VII): The samples that have developed in step a) macroscopic and tactile observation (i.e., in stage IV) are air-dried and dehydrated to verify the key physiological state. Samples that can be successfully released are defined as "stage V (fully mature)"; samples that have been released are defined as "stage VI (partially released)" and "stage VII (mass release)".

[0027] Using the rigorous staging method described above, CIELAB measurements were performed simultaneously on the samples, revealing for the first time a precise correspondence between color parameters and physiological stages. These changes have clear physiological significance: (brightness): The value represents brightness. Data shows that... The value decreased significantly from stage I (characteristic value 20.30 ± 0.34) to the development and maturity stages (stages II-V, mean value approximately 18.00). Physiologically, this corresponds to the increased pigment density and enhanced light absorption by the tissue due to the formation of sori, thus making the leaf surface appear darker. In stage VII (mean value approximately 21.10), the value decreased further. The value rebounded to its highest point, which corresponds to the tissue beginning to disintegrate and degenerate (turning yellowish-brown) after the sporangia are emptied, and the reflectivity increases.

[0028] (Red-Green axis): A positive value indicates that it is biased towards red on the red-green axis. Data shows that... The value increases from stage I (mean approximately 1.5) to the developmental stage (stages II-VI, mean approximately 2.10-2.40). This physiologically reflects a change in pigment composition: the baseline color of kelp (stage I) has become more reddish due to the presence of accessory pigments such as fucoxanthin. >0). As the sori develop, the accumulation or increased visibility of these brownish-red accessory pigments further "masks" the green effect of chlorophyll, leading to... The value increases further, meaning the overall color shifts towards the red end.

[0029] (Yellow-Blue Axis): A positive value indicates a yellowish tint. This is the most crucial discovery of this invention. The value exhibits a unique, non-linear "rise-fall-rise" trajectory: 1) Initial Ascent (I->III): The value rose sharply from stage I (approximately 0.74) to stage III (approximately 2.80). This quantitatively corresponds to the morphological description of "beginning to turn yellow" (…). The value is approximately 2.32 (stage II) and "obvious yellowing" (stage III), the physiological significance of which is the large accumulation of carotenoids (such as fucoxanthin) in the early stage of sporangium development.

[0030] 2) Key Decline (III->V): The value then drops significantly to the trough of stage V (approximately 1.81). This corresponds to the dark green appearance of the sporangium when it is fully mature. This fading of the "yellow" is not due to pigment degradation, but may be a final biochemical transformation (such as a reconfiguration of pigment ratios or a change in physical structure), which is a key optical signal for the sporangium to reach its optimal release activity.

[0031] 3) Post-release recovery (V->VII): After spore release, The value immediately rebounded (stage VI, approx. 2.23) and surged to its peak (stage VII, approx. 4.55). This corresponds to tissue degeneration and chlorophyll degradation, which makes the more stable carotenoids' yellowish-brown color (from the accumulation in stage III) stand out again.

[0032] This embodiment is based on the above-mentioned complete physiological-color change pattern (especially...). Based on the revelation of the unique trajectory of values, a standard database of "morphological-CIELAB feature sets" as shown in Table 1 was established. Specific kelp image features can be referenced. Figure 1 ; Table 1: Correspondence between the developmental stage of kelp sporangia and CIELAB feature set (mean and standard deviation) ; .

[0033] Example 2: Application of the production process of kelp "winter seedlings" This embodiment fully demonstrates the application of the technical solution of the present invention (steps one to five) in the specific industrial scenario of kelp winter seedling production.

[0034] 1) Inhibition, Regulation and Maintenance Monitoring In autumn (e.g., September 1st), a batch of parental lines, identified as being in Stage I of development according to the standard database of Example 1, were selected and cultured in water irradiated with red light (660nm) LEDs (experimental group), while the control group was placed under white light. All other conditions were: temperature 17℃, light intensity 60 μmol photons m−2 s −1 The photoperiod was 8L:16D, the nitrogen concentration was 5 mg / L, and the phosphorus concentration was 0.5 mg / L. On day 20 of cultivation (September 21): i. Control group (white light): Measured by CIELAB value. =18.2, =2.3, =1.8, indicating that stage V (mature) has been reached.

[0035] ii. Experimental group (red light): The CIELAB value was measured and obtained. =20.2, =1.5, =0.8, indicating that it is still in stage I.

[0036] Conclusion: This demonstrates that the regulation method (red light) of the present invention effectively inhibits maturation, allowing the parent plants to enter a controllable storage and standby state.

[0037] 2) Promoting ripening and tracking On November 1st (in preparation for winter seedling production in December), the parental lines in the experimental group that were suppressed during the inhibition regulation and maintenance period monitoring in section 1) were released from the inhibition conditions, the red light was removed, and they were transferred to blue light for ripening. The CIELAB values ​​were frequently compared with the standard database.

[0038] Monitoring on November 21: Measured Value increases (e.g.) =2.7), based on the physiological laws of this invention ( (If the value increases), it indicates that the development has entered stage III of the developmental period.

[0039] Monitoring on November 25: Measured The value decreased. =2.3.

[0040] Perform dynamic trajectory determination: At this time, the sample's =2.3 falls into the ambiguity zone of stages IV and VI in Table 1. The system retrieves its previous data point, namely November 21st. =2.7. Since 2.3 < 2.7, the system determines... The value is on a downward trajectory, so the sample from November 25th is clearly classified as Stage IV, which is about to mature, ruling out the possibility of Stage VI (which has already partially dispersed).

[0041] Monitoring on November 29: Measured m=18.3, m=2.3, m=1.9.

[0042] 3) Precise seedling collection - implementing dual verification At this point, the system sets the CIELAB value. Perform double verification. This sample's... The value (1.9) conforms to the physiological trajectory of a "critical drop" (from 2.7 to 2.3 and then to 1.9): i. Initial screening for minimum color difference: Calculations revealed its color difference from stage V (mean 18.21, 2.32, 1.81): ≈0.129; Simultaneously calculate the color difference with other stages, and the color difference with stage VI (mean 18.40, 2.35, 2.23): ≈0.354; Initial screening conclusion: (0.129) is significantly minimum, and the "candidate developmental period" is determined to be stage V.

[0043] ii. Range matching verification: Validate CIELAB values Is it within the characteristic range of stage V in Table 1? [17.9-18.8] [2.0-2.6] [1.4-2.0]) inside.

[0044] :18.3 within [17.9, 18.8], (through).

[0045] :2.3 within [2.0, 2.6], (through).

[0046] :1.9 is within [1.4, 2.0] (through).

[0047] Review conclusion: All passed.

[0048] 4) Final judgment Because this sample simultaneously met the two conditions of "minimum color difference with stage V" and "value falling within the characteristic range of stage V" on November 29th, and fully complies with the disclosure of this invention. Based on the physiological trajectory of "rise-fall", this invention ultimately determined that the batch had reached "stage V: sporangia are fully mature" and could be immediately harvested to achieve on-demand production of "winter seedlings".

Claims

1. A CIELAB parameter standard database for kelp development stages, characterized in that, The database establishes a standard database between "sporangium morphological development stage" and "CIELAB color space parameter feature set" by using a comprehensive set of morphological and physiological methods to stage sporangia and simultaneously measure their CIELAB values.

2. The standard database according to claim 1, characterized in that, The morphological and physiological methods described include features such as macroscopic color, protrusion observation, and physiological induction verification.

3. The standard database according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feature set refers to the range of feature values ​​measured at each developmental stage, and is defined as follows: (a) This developmental stage , , The characteristic numerical range, the numerical range being , , ;in The brightness is for stage i of the developmental period. The red-green axis values ​​represent stage i of the developmental process. This represents the yellow-blue axis value for stage i of the developmental process. This represents the minimum brightness value during stage i of the developmental period. This represents the maximum brightness value during stage i of the developmental period. This represents the minimum red-green axis value for stage i of the developmental period. This represents the maximum red-green axis value during stage i of the developmental period. Minimum yellow-blue axis value in stage i of development. The maximum yellow-blue axis value during stage i of the developmental period; (b) This developmental period Standard average color value, of which The average brightness value, average red-green axis value, and average yellow-blue axis value of stage i during the developmental period.

4. The standard database according to claim 1, characterized in that, The developmental stages of kelp and their corresponding morphological and physiological characteristics are shown in Table 1 of the instruction manual.

5. A method for regulating and monitoring the maturity of kelp sporangia using the standard data described in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the method is as follows: Step 1: Inhibition and Regulation: During the non-seedling period, apply red light to the immature kelp parent plants to inhibit their development and keep them in the immature development stage for a long period of time. Step 2, Maintenance Period Monitoring: During the inhibition and regulation period in Step 1, the CIELAB value of the sample is non-destructively tested and compared with the aforementioned standard database to confirm that its color parameters remain within the feature set to be matured, thus ensuring effective inhibition. Step 3, Maturation Regulation: When kelp seedlings are needed, remove the inhibiting conditions and initiate the synchronous maturation of sporangia; Step 4, Monitoring During the Tracking Period: During the ripening and regulation phase in Step 3, CIELAB data of the samples are periodically collected, and the aforementioned standard database is used for real-time comparison and status identification. (i) Calculate the color difference between the CIELAB value of the sample to be tested and the average color value of each developmental stage in the standard database. ; (ii) Classify the test sample into the corresponding developmental stage with the smallest color difference from the average color value in the standard database and whose CIELAB value falls within the characteristic value range of that stage. Step 5, Maturity Determination and Seedling Collection: Based on the real-time identification results of Step 4, seedling collection shall be performed immediately if and only if the determined sample has accurately reached "Stage V Full Maturity".

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The wavelength of the red light is 630-670 nm.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step three, the condition for relieving inhibition is to remove red light and / or apply ripening conditions including blue light.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the color difference in step four is: Where i is the developmental stage number, This represents the measured color value of the sample under test. This represents the average color value of stage i in the standard database.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step four, for non-adjacent developmental stages with numerical overlap in the CIELAB color space, a dynamic trajectory determination logic based on time series is adopted: when the b* value of the sample to be tested falls into the numerical overlap interval, the system automatically retrieves the monitoring data from the previous time point for comparison. (1) Determination of the rising period: If the previous time point Values ​​in the extremely low range, such as below 1.0, are typical early characteristics; If at this time A significant increase in the value indicates the onset of early yellowing, i.e., stage II. (2) Determination of the descent period: If the previous time point The value is in the high-peak region, for example, above 2.6, which is typical of the pre-maturity stage; if at this time... If the value shows a downward trend, it can be determined that it has entered the imminent maturity stage, i.e., stage IV; (3) Determination of the recovery period: If the previous time point The value is in a low range, for example, around 1.8, which usually corresponds to the state before the divergence; if at this time If the value rebounds and shows an upward trend, it can be determined that it has entered a partial divergence phase, i.e., phase VI. Step 5: Maturity Assessment and Seedling Collection Based on the real-time identification results of step four, if and only if the monitoring results of step four determine that the sample has precisely reached "stage V full maturity", the ripening regulation is immediately terminated, and seedling collection is immediately carried out; the criteria for "reaching stage V" are: the color difference between the sample and the average color value of stage V is minimal, the value falls within the characteristic range of stage V, and... The value conforms to the developmental trajectory of decreasing from stage III to stage V.

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