Breeding method based on posthypoxia gastric intima separation treatment and treatment of freshwater white pomfret

Abstract

The invention discloses a culture method based on posthypoxia gastric intima separation treatment of freshwater white pomfret, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture and disease prevention and control. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, identifying hypoxia symptoms; 2, medicine compatibility feeding is carried out; 3, regulating and controlling the water body environment; 4, breeding environment management; and step 5, continuous monitoring. According to the invention, the food maternal, the endothelium corneum gigeriae galli and the pipemidic acid are combined for the separation treatment of the endogastric membranes of the aquatic animals for the first time, the thinking limitation of traditional disease prevention and treatment is broken through, the traditional Chinese and western medicine theories are organically combined, and a new disease prevention and treatment thought is provided for the aquaculture industry; compared with a traditional pure antibiotic treatment or water quality improvement method, the scheme is high in pertinence and directly aims at a core pathological link of gastric intima separation after hypoxia; the comprehensive treatment effect is good, and meanwhile, anti-infection, mucous membrane repair and function regulation are considered; and the used medicines are all common medicines, have small side effects and low residues, and meet the safety requirements of aquatic products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture and disease control technology, specifically a method for treating freshwater pomfret by separating and separating the gastric lining after hypoxia. Background Technology

[0002] The freshwater pomfret (Colossoma brachypomum), a tropical freshwater economic fish, is widely farmed in South and East my country due to its rapid growth and strong adaptability. However, in high-density intensive aquaculture, frequent fluctuations in dissolved oxygen levels in the water have made hypoxia stress one of the main abiotic stress factors leading to its mortality.

[0003] Hypoxia not only directly causes respiratory problems in fish, but also triggers a series of secondary pathological changes. Among these, gastric lining separation is a typical pathological manifestation of hypoxia in freshwater pomfret. This symptom is characterized by the separation of the gastric mucosa from the muscle layer, severely impairing digestive function. It is often accompanied by cessation of feeding, weakness in swimming, and ultimately leads to multiple organ failure and death.

[0004] Currently, treatment options for gastric lining damage caused by hypoxia in aquatic animals are relatively limited. Conventional methods mainly focus on increasing oxygen levels, improving water quality, or using broad-spectrum antibiotics to prevent infection. While these methods can alleviate acute hypoxia, they do not repair existing structural damage to the gastric lining. Some studies have used sulfonamides or quinolones to prevent secondary infections, but long-term use can easily lead to drug resistance and drug residues, which does not meet the requirements of green aquaculture.

[0005] Therefore, existing technologies lack repair solutions specifically targeting damage to the gastric lining, and there are no systematic reports on the synergistic application of digestive function regulators, mucosal repair agents, and antibacterial drugs in aquaculture. This invention aims to fill this technological gap by providing a targeted, safe, efficient, and ecologically sound comprehensive treatment method for gastric lining separation.

[0006] The information disclosed above in this background section is only for enhancing the understanding of the background section of this invention, and therefore may include prior art that is not known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for the treatment of freshwater pomfret after hypoxia by separating the gastric lining, in order to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for the treatment of freshwater pomfret after hypoxia by separating the gastric lining, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Identify symptoms of oxygen deficiency: Observe whether the fish are surfacing, swimming abnormally, or feeding less;

[0010] Step 2, Drug Combination and Feeding: When the fish show signs of oxygen deficiency, grind the sedative, chicken gizzard tablets and pipemidic acid into powder, mix them in proportion, mix them with feed and binder to make medicated feed, and feed them regularly every day.

[0011] Step 3, Water Environment Control: Immediately increase oxygen levels to maintain dissolved oxygen levels above 5 mg / L; if necessary, replace no more than 1 / 3 of the pool water and add water quality improvers to improve the water environment;

[0012] Step 4, Aquaculture Environment Management: Control water temperature to maintain stability, avoid sudden changes, reduce stocking density, minimize external interference, and create a quiet recovery environment;

[0013] Step 5: Continuous monitoring: Closely observe the fish's behavior and feeding, and adjust the treatment plan in a timely manner; for individuals with severe symptoms, isolate them for treatment and strengthen the treatment by combining medicated baths with artificial feeding / force-feeding medicated feed.

[0014] Preferably, the specific dosage of the drug is as follows: 10-15g of phytosalicylate, 5-8g of chicken gizzard lining tablets, and 2-3g of pipemidic acid per 100kg of fish body weight per day; all three drugs are ground into powder, mixed evenly in proportion, and mixed with an appropriate amount of binder into the feed to make medicated feed; the preparation of medicated feed ensures that the drug is evenly distributed, avoiding excessive or insufficient intake by individual fish due to uneven mixing.

[0015] Preferably, the medicated bait is fed twice a day for 5-7 consecutive days to ensure adequate drug intake without overfeeding. When feeding, a small amount of normal bait is first added to attract healthy fish to feed.

[0016] Preferably, the medicated bath uses a 0.3%-0.5% saline solution or a mild disinfectant to help maintain skin health and reduce pathogen invasion.

[0017] Preferably, the method is applicable to freshwater pomfret and other carnivorous fish with digestive tract diseases.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. This invention is the first to combine strychnine, chicken gizzard lining, and pipemidic acid for the treatment of gastric lining separation in aquatic animals, breaking through the limitations of traditional disease prevention and control thinking. It organically combines traditional Chinese and Western medicine theories, providing a new approach to disease prevention and control in aquaculture. Compared with traditional simple antibiotic treatment or water quality improvement methods, this solution is highly targeted, directly addressing the core pathological process of gastric lining separation after hypoxia. It has excellent comprehensive treatment effects, while also considering anti-infection, mucosal repair, and functional regulation. It is highly safe, as the drugs used are all commonly used medications with few side effects and low residues, meeting the safety requirements for aquatic products.

[0020] 2. The implementation of the present invention is of great practical significance for reducing aquaculture losses caused by hypoxia stress and improving the economic benefits of fisheries. It is also of great significance for promoting the healthy development of aquaculture. Furthermore, it is in line with the current concepts of green aquaculture and ecological disease prevention, and has great value for promotion and application.

[0021] 3. Years of breeding experiments have confirmed that the combined administration of probiotics, chicken gizzard lining, and pipemidic acid can significantly promote the repair of gastric lining separation after hypoxia in freshwater pomfret, reducing mortality and demonstrating an effective treatment method. This approach not only provides specific disease prevention and control techniques for freshwater pomfret farming but also offers a reference for the management of hypoxic stress in other aquatic animals. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the aquaculture method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Mechanism of hypoxia-induced death in freshwater pomfret: Hypoxia-induced death in freshwater pomfret is a progressive process from physiological stress to pathological damage and then to organ failure. Gastric lining separation is an important pathological manifestation in this process, reflecting the severe damage of hypoxia to the digestive system.

[0026] Initial hypoxia (1-2 weeks): When hypoxia occurs, fish first show an increased breathing rate, then migrate to areas with higher dissolved oxygen levels in the water, and exhibit abnormal swimming behavior such as surfacing, reduced feeding.

[0027] Digestive system damage (2-3 weeks): Under hypoxic conditions, reduced blood flow to the gastric mucosa leads to impaired gastric parietal cell function, disruption of the mucus-bicarbonate barrier, and direct contact between gastric acid and pepsin with the gastric mucosa, causing gastric mucosal damage and separation, and the gastric lining begins to separate.

[0028] Green algae formation (3-4 weeks): When oxygen is lacking, fish will feed abnormally and may accidentally ingest green algae in the water. However, due to the lack of oxygen, the activity of digestive enzymes is reduced, and they cannot digest the green algae normally. The undigested green algae stays in the stomach and is wrapped by the separated gastric lining to form a mass.

[0029] Ultimately, death occurs due to severe hypoxia and gastric lining separation, which leads to impaired digestion and absorption. This may be complicated by paralytic ileus and liver damage, ultimately resulting in death.

[0030] The therapeutic value of chicken gizzard lining: Chicken gizzard lining has the dual effects of strengthening the spleen and promoting digestion, softening and dispersing nodules, which helps soften and absorb the gastric lining, promoting the recovery of digestive function. Chicken gizzard lining can enhance the gastric mucosal barrier function, reduce the degree of gastric acid invasion, and promote mucosal repair. Chicken gizzard lining may improve microcirculation and promote blood flow recovery, thereby alleviating mucosal ischemia and hypoxia and accelerating the repair process.

[0031] Therapeutic value of pipemidic acid: Piperidin belongs to the second-generation quinolone antibiotics and has a strong antibacterial effect against Gram-negative bacilli. It kills bacteria by interfering with bacterial DNA synthesis and inhibiting the activity of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. In treatment regimens, it mainly plays a role in controlling secondary infections. After hypoxic stress, fish immune function declines, and gastric mucosal damage provides a pathway for pathogen invasion. Piperidin can effectively prevent and treat secondary bacterial infections, creating a favorable environment for tissue repair.

[0032] The therapeutic value of yeast extract (dried yeast tablets): Yeast extract is rich in B vitamins, amino acids, and digestive enzymes, making it a natural digestive regulator. In treatment, yeast extract mainly plays the following roles:

[0033] Promote metabolic recovery: B vitamins, as an important component of many coenzymes, participate in the energy metabolism process and improve cellular metabolic disorders caused by hypoxia;

[0034] Enhances digestive function: Rich in digestive enzymes to supplement insufficient digestive enzymes in the stomach, promotes the decomposition and absorption of feed nutrients, and alleviates digestive dysfunction;

[0035] Probiotic effects: Yeast microbiota has a regulatory effect on intestinal microbiota, inhibits the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, and improves the gastrointestinal environment.

[0036] The combination of yeast extract, chicken gizzard lining, and pipemidic acid in this invention features multi-target and synergistic effects. Piperidic acid, as a second-generation quinolone antibiotic, effectively inhibits the growth of common pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and prevents bacterial infections secondary to gastric mucosal damage caused by hypoxia. The yeast and B vitamins in the yeast extract regulate the microecological balance of the fish's digestive tract, promote nutrient digestion and absorption, and enhance the body's resistance. Of particular note is the crucial role of chicken gizzard lining in gastric lining repair. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that chicken gizzard lining has the effects of strengthening the spleen, promoting digestion, and resolving stagnation and masses. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that chicken gizzard lining is rich in pepsin and amylase, which can directly promote food decomposition. It also contains various amino acids and trace elements, which promote mucosal repair. In this study, chicken gizzard lining may accelerate the repair process after gastric lining separation by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of gastric mucosal epithelial cells.

[0037] The combined use of digestive enzymes, chicken gizzard lining, and pipemidic acid produced a significant synergistic effect. Piperidic acid controlled infectious factors, creating a favorable environment for gastric lining repair; chicken gizzard lining directly promoted mucosal repair and regeneration; and digestive enzymes improved overall digestive function and enhanced the body's resistance. These three components formed a comprehensive treatment model of "anti-infection-repair-conditioning." This combination considers both etiological treatment and physiological function recovery, representing a successful practice of integrating traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] Step 1: Identify symptoms of oxygen deficiency: Observe whether the fish are surfacing, swimming abnormally, or feeding less;

[0040] Step 2, Drug Combination and Feeding: When the fish show signs of oxygen deficiency, grind the sedative, chicken gizzard tablets and pipemidic acid into powder, mix them in proportion, mix them with feed and binder to make medicated feed, and feed them regularly every day.

[0041] Specifically, the dosage of the medication is as follows: 12.5g of glutenin, 6.5g of chicken gizzard lining tablets, and 2.5g of pipemidic acid per 100kg of fish body weight per day. All three medications are ground into powder, mixed evenly in proportion, and then mixed with an appropriate amount of binder into the feed to make medicated feed. The preparation of medicated feed should ensure that the medication is evenly distributed to avoid individual fish from ingesting too much or too little due to uneven mixing.

[0042] Specifically, the medicated feed should be given twice a day for 7 consecutive days to ensure adequate intake of the medication without overfeeding. When feeding, first put in a small amount of normal food to attract healthy fish to eat.

[0043] Step 3, Water Environment Control: Immediately increase oxygen levels to maintain dissolved oxygen levels above 5 mg / L; if necessary, replace no more than 1 / 3 of the pool water and add water quality improvers to improve the water environment;

[0044] Step 4, Aquaculture Environment Management: Control water temperature to maintain stability, avoid sudden changes, reduce stocking density, minimize external interference, and create a quiet recovery environment;

[0045] Step 5: Continuous monitoring: Closely observe the fish's behavior and feeding, and adjust the treatment plan in a timely manner; for individuals with severe symptoms, isolate them for treatment and strengthen the treatment by combining medicated baths with artificial feeding / force-feeding medicated feed.

[0046] Specifically, medicated baths use a 0.4% saline solution or a mild disinfectant to help maintain skin health and reduce pathogen invasion.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that only styrax and chicken gizzard tablets are added to prepare the medicated feed.

[0049] Example 3:

[0050] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that only styrax and pipemidic acid are added to prepare the medicated bait.

[0051] Example 4:

[0052] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that only chicken gizzard tablets and pipemidic acid are added to prepare the medicated bait.

[0053] Example 5:

[0054] The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that only raw yeast is added to prepare the medicated feed.

[0055] Example 6:

[0056] The difference between Example 6 and Example 1 is that only chicken gizzard tablets are added to make the medicated bait.

[0057] Example 7:

[0058] The difference between Example 7 and Example 1 is that only pipemidic acid was added to prepare the medicated bait.

[0059] Example 8:

[0060] The difference between Example 8 and Example 1 is that no medicated feed was given, and the water was only oxygenated to a dissolved oxygen level of 5 mg / L or higher.

[0061] To verify the therapeutic advantages of the synergistic combination of the three drugs—gastrodin, chicken gizzard membrane, and pipemidic acid—in this invention, the following experiment was conducted:

[0062] The experimental subjects were healthy freshwater juvenile pomfret, weighing 50±5g, totaling 300 fish, which were randomly divided into 6 groups of 50 fish per group, with 3 replicates. Before the experiment, the fish were subjected to hypoxia treatment, with dissolved oxygen reduced to 2mg / L for 48 hours to induce a gastric endometrial separation model.

[0063] The experimental treatments for each group are shown in the table below:

[0064] Group Handling method Group A Blank control group, fed with normal feed. Group B Example 1: A medicated feed was prepared by adding three drugs: glutenin, chicken gizzard lining tablets, and pipemidic acid, followed by oxygenation treatment. Group C Example 2: Medicated feed was prepared by adding two drugs, namely, glutenin and chicken gizzard tablets, and then oxygenated. Group D Example 3: Adding styrax and pipemidic acid to prepare medicated feed, followed by oxygenation treatment. Group E Example 4: Adding chicken gizzard membrane tablets and pipemidic acid to prepare medicated feed, followed by oxygenation treatment. Group F Example 5: Adding raw yeast to make medicated feed and oxygenating it. Group G Example 6: Adding chicken gizzard lining tablets to prepare medicated feed, followed by oxygenation treatment. Group H Example 7: Adding pipemidic acid to prepare medicated bait and then oxygenating it. Group I Example 8: Oxygenation Treatment

[0065] Seven days later, the following tests will be conducted:

[0066] 1. Mortality rate (%): Record the number of dead fish in each group and calculate the mortality rate.

[0067] 2. Gastric endothelial repair score: The integrity of the gastric endothelial membrane is observed by anatomical examination and scored from 0 to 5 points; 0 points: complete separation; 5 points: complete healing.

[0068] 3. Feeding recovery rate (%): Record the proportion of individuals who resumed normal feeding.

[0069] 4. Pepsin activity (U / mg prot): Gastric tissue homogenate was taken and measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method.

[0070] 5. Total number of pathogens in water (CFU / mL): Water samples were collected and counted using the plate spread method.

[0071] The test results for each group are shown in the table below (data are mean ± standard deviation):

[0072] Group mortality rate(%) Gastric endothelial score (0-5) Feed intake recovery rate (%) Pepsin activity (U / mg) Pathogen count (CFU / mL) A 46.7±3.2 1.2±0.3 18.3±4.1 12.5±1.8 <![CDATA[1.2×10 5 ±0.3×10 5 ]]> B 8.3±1.5 4.5±0.4 92.6±3.8 38.6±2.9 <![CDATA[2.3×10 3 ±0.5×10 3 ]]> C 22.6±2.4 3.3±0.5 64.8±5.2 26.8±2.1 <![CDATA[6.5×10 3 ±1.2×10 3 ]]> D 28.4±2.8 2.8±0.4 56.7±4.9 22.4±2.0 <![CDATA[8.9×10 3 ±1.5×10 3 ]]> E 25.7±2.6 3.1±0.5 61.2±5.1 24.9±2.3 <![CDATA[7.2×10 3 ±1.3×10 3 ]]> F 38.9±3.0 2.0±0.4 36.4±4.5 18.3±1.9 <![CDATA[3.5×10 4 ±0.8×10 4 ]]> G 34.5±2.9 2.4±0.4 42.7±4.8 20.1±2.0 <![CDATA[2.8×10 4 ±0.6×10 4 ]]> H 32.1±2.7 2.1±0.3 39.8±4.6 17.6±1.8 <![CDATA[4.2×10 4 ±0.9×10 4 ]]> I 40.2±3.1 1.5±0.3 25.6±4.3 15.2±1.7 <![CDATA[8.6×10 4 ±1.8×10 4 ]]>

[0073] As shown above, Group B had the lowest mortality rate and the highest gastric lining score, significantly better than other groups (P<0.01), indicating that the combined use of the three drugs had a significant synergistic effect in promoting gastric mucosal structure repair and reducing mortality risk. Group B had a 92.6% feed recovery rate and the highest pepsin activity, indicating that the digestive-promoting effects of the digestive enzymes and chicken gizzard membrane were significant, and that the combination of these drugs with pipemidic acid to control infection helped restore digestive function. Group B also had the lowest total number of pathogens in the water, indicating that pipemidic acid effectively controlled secondary infections and reduced the risk of cross-infection.

[0074] The combined drug groups (C, D, E) showed effects inferior to group B but superior to the single-drug groups (F, G, H) and the oxygenation-only group (I), indicating a synergistic effect among the drugs. Among the single-drug groups, the chicken gizzard membrane group (G) was slightly better than the digestive enzyme group (F) and the pipemidic acid group (H) in terms of gastric mucosal repair, but none of them could replace the comprehensive repair effect of the three-drug combination.

[0075] Both Group A and Group I had poor indicators, indicating that simple oxygenation or natural recovery is unlikely to reverse the structural damage to the gastric lining, and targeted drug treatment is necessary.

[0076] In summary, this experiment demonstrates that the combined use of sedatives, chicken gizzard membrane, and pipemidic acid has a significant synergistic effect in repairing gastric lining separation after hypoxia in freshwater pomfret, restoring digestive function, enhancing immunity, and controlling secondary infections. It is an efficient and safe comprehensive treatment plan with good clinical application and promotion value.

[0077] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the aquaculture of freshwater pomfret based on the separation and treatment of gastric lining after hypoxia, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Identify symptoms of oxygen deficiency: Observe whether the fish are surfacing, swimming abnormally, or feeding less; Step 2, Drug Combination and Feeding: When the fish show signs of oxygen deficiency, grind the sedative, chicken gizzard tablets and pipemidic acid into powder, mix them in proportion, mix them with feed and binder to make medicated feed, and feed them regularly every day. Step 3, Water Environment Control: Immediately increase oxygen levels to maintain dissolved oxygen levels above 5 mg / L; if necessary, replace no more than 1 / 3 of the pool water and add water quality improvers to improve the water environment; Step 4, Aquaculture Environment Management: Control water temperature to maintain stability, avoid sudden changes, reduce stocking density, minimize external interference, and create a quiet recovery environment; Step 5: Continuous monitoring: Closely observe the fish's behavior and feeding, and adjust the treatment plan in a timely manner; for individuals with severe symptoms, isolate them for treatment and strengthen the treatment by combining medicated baths with artificial feeding / force-feeding medicated feed.

2. The aquaculture method for treating freshwater pomfret after hypoxia based on gastric lining separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific dosage of the drug is as follows: 10-15g of glutenin, 5-8g of chicken gizzard lining tablets, and 2-3g of pipemidic acid per 100kg of fish body weight per day. All three drugs are ground into powder, mixed evenly in proportion, and then mixed with an appropriate amount of binder into the feed to make medicated feed. The preparation of medicated feed should ensure that the drug is evenly distributed to avoid individual fish from ingesting too much or too little due to uneven mixing.

3. The aquaculture method for treating freshwater pomfret after hypoxia based on gastric lining separation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The medicated bait should be fed twice a day for 5-7 consecutive days to ensure adequate drug intake without overfeeding. When feeding, first put in a small amount of normal bait to attract healthy fish to eat.

4. The aquaculture method for treating freshwater pomfret after hypoxia based on gastric lining separation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medicated bath uses a 0.3%-0.5% saline solution or a mild disinfectant to help maintain skin health and reduce pathogen invasion.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method is applicable to freshwater pomfret and other carnivorous fish with digestive tract diseases.

Images