Bone mineral density measuring system and method based on dual-energy X-ray absorption

Abstract

The invention discloses a bone mineral density measuring system and method.The bone mineral density measuring system comprises a support module, an X-ray generating module, a detector module and a processing module.The support module is used for carrying a host to move to a target position; the X-ray generation module adopts a PWM mode to control a high-voltage generator to carry out high-low voltage switching, the voltage and current of an X-ray tube are adjusted, X-rays are rapidly output, and the X-rays irradiate and penetrate through the forearm of a patient. According to the bone mineral density measuring system and method, the PWM control high-low energy X-ray rapid switching technology and the large-size detector are adopted, so that the detector can synchronously capture the attenuation difference of the bone to different energy rays in single scanning, the imaging time is shortened, full coverage of a key area at the far end of the forearm is ensured, and the accuracy of bone mineral density measurement is improved. The image resolution and the micro-structure capturing capacity are improved, meanwhile, positioning errors caused by forearm positioning deviation or shaking during shooting are eliminated, and the accuracy and reliability of diagnosis results are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical auxiliary equipment technology, specifically to a bone mineral density measurement system and method based on dual-energy X-ray absorption. Background Technology

[0002] Osteoporosis is a common systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and destruction of bone microstructure, leading to increased bone fragility. This makes people more prone to fractures even from minor impacts or falls. Forearm dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is an important tool for diagnosing osteoporosis. It uses dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess bone health by measuring bone mineral density in the forearm (usually the ulna and radius). However, existing forearm DXA devices are typically desktop or floor-standing fixed structures, employing a combination of scintillator detectors and photomultiplier tubes. These devices suffer from slow imaging speed, low resolution, poor mobility, and limited flexibility for application in various clinical scenarios. They also struggle to capture the microstructures of the distal radius. Furthermore, during operation, the lack of real-time observation methods makes patient forearm positioning prone to errors, and arm movement during imaging can lead to inaccurate measurement results, affecting the accuracy and reliability of diagnostic results. Therefore, those skilled in the art have provided a bone mineral density measurement system and method based on dual-energy X-ray absorption to address the problems mentioned in the background. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a bone mineral density measurement system and method based on dual-energy X-ray absorption. It employs PWM-controlled rapid switching technology for high and low energy X-rays and a large-size detector, enabling the detector to simultaneously capture the attenuation differences of bone to different energy X-rays in a single scan. This shortens imaging time, ensures full coverage of key areas in the distal forearm, and improves image resolution and microstructure capture capabilities. Simultaneously, a fixed camera position is used to monitor the patient's forearm position in real time, eliminating positioning errors caused by forearm misalignment or arm movement during imaging, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of diagnostic results and addressing the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption includes a support module, an X-ray generating module, a detector module, and a processing module. The support module carries the host computer to the target location. The X-ray generating module uses PWM to control a high-voltage generator to switch between high and low voltage, adjust the voltage and current of the X-ray tube, and rapidly output X-rays to irradiate and penetrate the patient's forearm. The detector module receives the attenuated X-rays after penetrating the patient's forearm bones, converts the attenuated X-rays into X-ray image signals, and feeds them back to the processing module. The processing module processes and optimizes the X-ray image signals, extracts X-ray attenuation data from the X-ray image signals, and converts the X-ray attenuation data into bone mineral density values ​​based on a dual-energy X-ray absorption algorithm. Simultaneously, the processing module generates bone mineral density images and bone mineral density diagnostic reports based on the bone mineral density values, and feeds the bone mineral density images and bone mineral density diagnostic reports back to the host computer's display screen for display.

[0005] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the support module is a split trolley support or an integrated trolley support, used to support and move the main unit.

[0006] As a further aspect of the present invention: the X-ray generating module includes an inverter unit, which uses PWM control technology to convert DC power into high-frequency AC power. Through a negative feedback closed-loop circuit, the voltage and current of the X-ray tube are precisely adjusted to achieve rapid and stable switching between high and low energy X-rays, ensuring clear capture of the microstructures of the distal radius.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the X-ray generating module includes an oil tank unit, which is a rod-shaped oil tank. The rod-shaped oil tank integrates a high-voltage transformer, a voltage multiplier rectifier circuit, and an X-ray tube. The high-voltage transformer is used to boost the high-frequency AC power input from the inverter unit. The voltage multiplier rectifier circuit converts the AC power into high-voltage DC power through multi-stage rectification to provide a stable tube voltage for the X-ray tube. The cathode of the X-ray tube generates a free electron beam by heating, and the anode serves as a target surface to receive electron bombardment, exciting X-rays. The X-rays are then passed through a beam limiter to irradiate and penetrate the patient's forearm.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the detector module is an X-ray detector, which consists of a photosensitive screen, an image sensor, and a darkroom. X-rays irradiate the photosensitive screen and excite the CSI scintillation crystal coating. The CSI scintillation crystal coating converts the X-rays into visible light. The image sensor in the darkroom converts the visible light into a charge signal through the photoelectric effect and outputs the charge signal as an X-ray image signal. The size of the X-ray detector is 105mm × 140mm.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the processing module includes an image processing unit, a bone density calculation unit, an image output unit, and a report generation unit. The image processing unit processes the X-ray image signal through an image processing algorithm, reduces noise in the X-ray image, eliminates interference from scattered rays, enhances contrast, optimizes the display of bone contours, and identifies and segments the region of interest at the distal radius to generate bone density image data. The bone density calculation unit extracts X-ray attenuation data based on the region of interest at the distal radius and converts the X-ray attenuation data into bone density values ​​according to a dual-energy X-ray absorption algorithm. The image output unit feeds back the bone density image data to the host display screen for display in a standard medical digital format. The report generation unit generates a diagnostic report based on the X-ray attenuation data, bone density values, and patient information, and provides a fracture risk assessment and the expected age of osteoporosis based on bone mass data of peers pre-stored in the database.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: the processing module includes a medical record management unit, a calibration unit, and a patient detection unit. The medical record management unit is used to input patient information, query patient medical records, and create new medical records. The calibration unit is used to perform routine quality control calibration of the equipment, and to ensure the stability and measurement accuracy of the X-ray generator and detector by scanning the calibration phantom. The patient detection unit is used to select a specific scanning protocol, guide the patient to position their forearm in the measurement area, control X-ray exposure, and preview the scanned image in real time.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: the host is provided with a radiation protection structure, which includes lead glass, lead curtain and lead sheet. The lead glass is placed at a 2mmPb equivalent in front of the host to shield radiation. The lead curtain is placed at both ends of the forearm measurement area to shield the edge of the detection area and reduce radiation leakage. The lead is wrapped around the X-ray generator to block scattered radiation and ensure that the radiation level of the surrounding environment is within a safe range.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: a camera is installed at the X-ray port inside the host, which monitors the patient's arm position in real time and displays the patient's arm position on the host screen.

[0013] A method for measuring bone mineral density using a dual-energy X-ray absorption system, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Move the main unit and measuring equipment to the designated position using the trolley bracket, and lock the trolley bracket using the brake pedal of the caster wheel; Step 2: After connecting the power, turn on the host and measuring equipment, and initialize each module; Step 3: Ensure the stability and measurement accuracy of the X-ray generator and detector by scanning and calibrating the phantom; Step 4: Place the patient's arm in the measurement area. At the same time, monitor the patient's arm position in real time through the camera and adjust the position of the patient's arm to achieve accurate positioning of the critical area of ​​the distal 1 / 3 of the radius, so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the bone mineral density measurement results. Step 5: The X-ray generating module uses PWM to control the high-voltage generator to switch between high and low voltage, adjust the voltage and current of the X-ray tube, and quickly output X-rays to irradiate and penetrate the patient's forearm. At the same time, the detector module receives the attenuated X-rays after penetrating the patient's forearm bones, converts the attenuated X-rays into X-ray image signals, and feeds them back to the processing module. Step 6: The processing module processes and optimizes the X-ray image signal to generate bone density image data. Then, it extracts X-ray attenuation data based on the X-ray image signal to calculate the bone density value. Based on the X-ray attenuation data, bone density value, patient information, and pre-stored bone quality data of peers in the database, it provides a fracture risk assessment, a diagnosis and assessment report of the expected age of osteoporosis, and feeds the bone density image and bone density diagnosis and assessment report back to the host display screen for display.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are as follows: The bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption proposed in this application uses a support module to support the host and measuring equipment, allowing the host and measuring equipment to be moved to a designated position, thus improving the flexibility of the equipment and making it suitable for different clinical scenarios. Then, it adopts PWM control technology for rapid switching between high and low energy X-rays and a large-size detector, enabling the detector to simultaneously capture the attenuation differences of bone to different energy rays in a single scan, shortening the imaging time, ensuring full coverage of the key area of ​​the distal forearm, improving image resolution and microstructure capture capability, and solving the problems of slow imaging speed and low resolution caused by slow energy switching and limited detector size in traditional equipment. At the same time, it uses a fixed position to monitor the patient's forearm position in real time, eliminating positioning errors caused by forearm positioning deviation or arm movement during imaging, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of diagnostic results. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a bone mineral density measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a bone mineral density measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Additionally, the term "comprising" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0017] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in this embodiment, a bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption includes: a support module, an X-ray generating module, a detector module, and a processing module. The support module supports the host and measuring equipment, allowing them to be moved to a designated location, improving the flexibility of the equipment and making it suitable for different clinical scenarios. The X-ray generating module uses PWM to control a high-voltage generator, switching between high and low voltages to adjust the voltage and current of the X-ray tube and rapidly output X-rays, irradiating and penetrating the patient's forearm. Simultaneously, the detector module receives the attenuated X-rays after penetrating the patient's forearm bones, converts the attenuated X-rays into X-ray image signals, and feeds them back to the processing module. The processing module processes and optimizes the X-ray image signals, generating bone mineral density image data. Then, it extracts X-ray attenuation data from the X-ray image signals to calculate bone mineral density values. Based on the X-ray attenuation data, bone mineral density values, patient information, and pre-stored bone mineral density data of peers in the database, it provides a fracture risk assessment, a diagnosis and evaluation report of the expected age of osteoporosis, and displays the bone mineral density image and diagnosis and evaluation report on the host screen.

[0018] In this embodiment, the support module is a split-type trolley support or an integrated trolley support. The split-type trolley support or the integrated trolley support supports the main unit and measuring equipment, which can move the main unit and measuring equipment to a designated position. The trolley support is locked by the brake pedal of the caster, ensuring the stability of the main unit and measuring equipment, improving the flexibility of the equipment, and making it suitable for different clinical scenarios.

[0019] In this embodiment, the X-ray generating module includes an inverter unit. The inverter unit uses PWM control technology to convert direct current into high-frequency alternating current. By converting the externally input direct current into high-frequency alternating current, it not only provides a precise and controllable heating voltage for the X-ray tube filament to excite the electron beam, but also provides a stable AC power supply for the subsequent high-voltage generation circuit. At the same time, through PWM pulse width modulation technology combined with a negative feedback closed-loop circuit, it receives and responds to the feedback signals of tube voltage and tube current in real time, precisely adjusts the voltage and current of the X-ray tube, realizes rapid and stable switching between high and low energy X-rays, ensures clear capture of microstructures at the distal radius, and improves the accuracy of X-ray imaging.

[0020] In this embodiment, the X-ray generating module includes an oil tank unit, which is a rod-shaped oil tank. The rod-shaped oil tank integrates a high-voltage transformer, a voltage multiplier rectifier circuit, and an X-ray tube. The high-voltage transformer boosts the high-frequency AC power input from the inverter unit, and the boosted high-frequency AC power is converted into high-voltage DC power through multi-stage rectification by the voltage multiplier rectifier circuit. This provides a stable tube voltage for the X-ray tube, allowing the cathode of the X-ray tube to generate a free electron beam through heating. The anode, as the target surface, receives electron bombardment, exciting X-rays. The X-rays then pass through a beam limiter to irradiate and penetrate the patient's forearm, thus achieving X-ray irradiation.

[0021] In this embodiment, the detector module is an X-ray detector, employing a large-size detector with a field of view of 105mm × 140mm to ensure full coverage of the critical area of ​​the distal forearm. It can simultaneously capture the attenuation differences of bone to different energy rays in a single scan. When the X-ray penetrates the forearm, the CSI scintillation crystal coating on the photosensitive screen converts the attenuated X-ray into visible light. The image sensor converts the visible light into a charge signal through the photoelectric effect in a dark room environment, and finally outputs a high-resolution X-ray image signal. By increasing the detection area and optimizing the signal conversion efficiency, the capture capability of the distal radius microstructure and the image signal-to-noise ratio are improved, solving the problems of slow imaging speed and low resolution caused by the limited detector size and slow energy switching of traditional equipment.

[0022] In this embodiment, the processing module includes an image processing unit, a bone density calculation unit, an image output unit, and a report generation unit. The image processing unit processes X-ray image signals using image processing algorithms, reducing noise, eliminating scattered radiation interference, enhancing contrast, optimizing bone contour display, and identifying and segmenting the region of interest at the distal radius to generate bone density image data. The bone density calculation unit extracts X-ray attenuation data based on the region of interest at the distal radius and converts it into bone density values ​​using a dual-energy X-ray absorption algorithm. The image output unit feeds back the bone density image data to the host display screen in a standard medical digital format for display. The report generation unit provides a fracture risk assessment, a diagnosis and evaluation report of the expected age of osteoporosis, based on the X-ray attenuation data, bone density values, patient information, and pre-stored bone density data of peers in the database. The bone density image and the bone density diagnosis and evaluation report are then fed back to the host display screen for display, providing a basis for clinical decision-making, improving diagnostic efficiency, and avoiding human error.

[0023] In this embodiment, the processing module includes a medical record management unit, a calibration unit, and a patient detection unit. The medical record management unit achieves integrated storage and rapid retrieval of patient data through electronic medical record management, improving diagnostic and treatment efficiency and avoiding the error risks of paper management. Then, the calibration unit establishes a reliable measurement benchmark by scanning and calibrating the phantom, ensuring the stability and measurement accuracy of the X-ray generator and detector, and solving the measurement drift problem of traditional equipment. The patient detection unit is used to select a specific scanning protocol to determine whether the patient's left or right arm is being scanned. At the same time, it forms a closed-loop operation with real-time monitoring by a camera, guiding the patient to position their forearm in the measurement area, controlling the X-ray irradiation of the measurement area, and previewing the X-ray irradiation scan image in real time, thus solving the scanning error caused by the blind positioning of the patient's arm.

[0024] In this embodiment, the host is equipped with a radiation protection structure, which includes lead glass, lead curtain, and lead sheet. The lead glass is highly transparent and is positioned at a 2mmPb equivalent level directly in front of the host, which will not cause visual interference. It can effectively shield radiation while ensuring a clear operating field of view, facilitating medical personnel to observe the patient's positioning in real time. The lead curtain is positioned at both ends of the forearm measurement area, tightly shielding the edge of the detection area and reducing radiation leakage. Lead is wrapped around the X-ray generator to block the scattered radiation from the X-ray generator, ensuring that the radiation level of the surrounding environment is within a safe range.

[0025] In this embodiment, a camera is installed at the X-ray port inside the host. By fixing the camera position, the patient's arm position is monitored in real time from a fixed position. The patient's arm position is fed back to the host display screen for display, which facilitates the adjustment of the patient's arm position and achieves accurate positioning of the critical area of ​​the distal 1 / 3 of the radius. This eliminates positioning errors caused by forearm positioning deviation or arm movement during shooting, and ensures the accuracy and reliability of bone density measurement results.

[0026] The working principle of this invention is as follows: The bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption proposed in this application uses a support module to support the host and measuring equipment, allowing the host and measuring equipment to be moved to a designated position, thus improving the flexibility of the equipment and making it suitable for different clinical scenarios. Then, it employs PWM control technology for rapid switching between high and low energy X-rays and a large-size detector, enabling the detector to simultaneously capture the attenuation differences of bone to different energy X-rays in a single scan, shortening the imaging time, ensuring full coverage of key areas in the distal forearm, improving image resolution and microstructure capture capability, and solving the problems of slow imaging speed and low resolution caused by slow energy switching and limited detector size in traditional equipment. At the same time, it uses a fixed position to monitor the patient's forearm position in real time, eliminating the need for...

[0027] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a support module, an X-ray generating module, a detector module, and a processing module. The support module carries the host computer to the target location. The X-ray generating module uses PWM to control a high-voltage generator, switching between high and low voltages to adjust the voltage and current of the X-ray tube and rapidly output X-rays, irradiating and penetrating the patient's forearm. The detector module receives the attenuated X-rays after penetrating the patient's forearm bones, converts the attenuated X-rays into X-ray image signals, and feeds them back to the processing module. The processing module processes and optimizes the X-ray image signals, extracts X-ray attenuation data from the X-ray image signals, and converts the X-ray attenuation data into bone mineral density values ​​based on a dual-energy X-ray absorption algorithm. Simultaneously, the processing module generates bone mineral density images and bone mineral density diagnostic reports based on the bone mineral density values, and feeds the bone mineral density images and bone mineral density diagnostic reports back to the host computer's display screen for display.

2. The bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support module is a split trolley support or an integrated trolley support, used to support and move the main unit.

3. The bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-ray generating module includes an inverter unit that uses PWM control technology to convert DC power into high-frequency AC power. Through a negative feedback closed-loop circuit, the voltage and current of the X-ray tube are precisely adjusted to achieve rapid and stable switching between high-energy and low-energy X-rays, ensuring clear capture of microstructures at the distal radius.

4. A bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption according to claim 3, characterized in that, The X-ray generating module includes an oil tank unit, which is a rod-shaped oil tank. The rod-shaped oil tank integrates a high-voltage transformer, a voltage multiplier rectifier circuit, and an X-ray tube. The high-voltage transformer is used to boost the high-frequency AC power input from the inverter unit. The voltage multiplier rectifier circuit converts the AC power into high-voltage DC power through multi-stage rectification to provide a stable tube voltage for the X-ray tube. The cathode of the X-ray tube generates a free electron beam through heating, and the anode serves as a target surface to receive electron bombardment, exciting X-rays. The X-rays then pass through a beam limiter to irradiate and penetrate the patient's forearm.

5. A bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detector module is an X-ray detector, which consists of a photosensitive screen, an image sensor, and a darkroom. X-rays irradiate the photosensitive screen and excite the CSI scintillation crystal coating, which converts the X-rays into visible light. The image sensor in the darkroom converts the visible light into a charge signal through the photoelectric effect, and outputs the charge signal as an X-ray image signal. The X-ray detector has a size of 105mm × 140mm.

6. A bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processing module includes an image processing unit, a bone density calculation unit, an image output unit, and a report generation unit. The image processing unit processes X-ray image signals using image processing algorithms, reducing noise, eliminating scattered radiation interference, enhancing contrast, optimizing bone contour display, and identifying and segmenting the region of interest at the distal radius to generate bone density image data. The bone density calculation unit extracts X-ray attenuation data based on the region of interest at the distal radius and converts it into bone density values ​​using a dual-energy X-ray absorption algorithm. The image output unit feeds back the bone density image data to the host display screen in a standard medical digital format for display. The report generation unit generates a diagnostic report based on the X-ray attenuation data, bone density values, and patient information, and provides a fracture risk assessment and expected age of osteoporosis based on pre-stored bone density data of peers in the database.

7. A bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processing module includes a medical record management unit, a calibration unit, and a patient detection unit. The medical record management unit is used to input patient information, query patient medical records, and create new medical records. The calibration unit is used to perform routine quality control calibration of the equipment, and to ensure the stability and measurement accuracy of the X-ray generator and detector by scanning the calibration phantom. The patient detection unit is used to select a specific scanning protocol, guide the patient to position their forearm in the measurement area, control X-ray exposure, and preview the scanned image in real time.

8. A bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The host is equipped with a radiation protection structure, which includes lead glass, lead curtain and lead sheet. The lead glass is placed at a 2 mmPb equivalent in front of the host to shield radiation. The lead curtain is placed at both ends of the forearm measurement area to shield the edge of the detection area and reduce radiation leakage. The lead sheet is wrapped around the X-ray generator to block scattered radiation and ensure that the radiation level of the surrounding environment is within a safe range.

9. A bone mineral density measurement system based on dual-energy X-ray absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, A camera is installed at the X-ray port inside the host. The camera monitors the patient's arm position in real time and displays the patient's arm position on the host screen.

10. A method for measuring bone mineral density using a dual-energy X-ray absorption system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The measurement method includes the following steps: Step 1: Move the main unit and measuring equipment to the designated position using the trolley bracket, and lock the trolley bracket using the brake pedal of the caster wheel; Step 2: After connecting the power, turn on the host and measuring equipment, and initialize each module; Step 3: Ensure the stability and measurement accuracy of the X-ray generator and detector by scanning and calibrating the phantom; Step 4: Place the patient's arm in the measurement area. At the same time, monitor the patient's arm position in real time through the camera and adjust the position of the patient's arm to achieve accurate positioning of the critical area of ​​the distal 1 / 3 of the radius, so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the bone mineral density measurement results. Step 5: The X-ray generating module uses PWM to control the high-voltage generator to switch between high and low voltage, adjust the voltage and current of the X-ray tube, and quickly output X-rays to irradiate and penetrate the patient's forearm. At the same time, the detector module receives the attenuated X-rays after penetrating the patient's forearm bones, converts the attenuated X-rays into X-ray image signals, and feeds them back to the processing module. Step 6: The processing module processes and optimizes the X-ray image signal to generate bone density image data. Then, it extracts X-ray attenuation data based on the X-ray image signal to calculate the bone density value. Based on the X-ray attenuation data, bone density value, patient information, and pre-stored bone quality data of peers in the database, it provides a fracture risk assessment, a diagnosis and assessment report of the expected age of osteoporosis, and feeds the bone density image and bone density diagnosis and assessment report back to the host display screen for display.

Images