Small-modulus precise gear hobbing machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of gear hobbing machines, in particular to a small-modulus precise gear hobbing machine which comprises a lathe bed, a spindle mechanism and a tailstock mechanism are arranged on the lathe bed, the tailstock mechanism comprises a first connecting seat fixed to the lathe bed, a sliding seat is slidably connected to the upper surface of the first connecting seat, and a U-axis driving mechanism and a C2-axis driving mechanism are arranged on the sliding seat. The C2-axis driving mechanism is connected with a counter center structure, the Z-axis driving mechanism is arranged on the rear side of the C2-axis driving mechanism and provided with a second connecting base, the second connecting base is connected with a third connecting base in a sliding mode, the third connecting base is provided with an X-axis driving mechanism and an A-axis driving mechanism, the A-axis driving mechanism is connected with a supporting column, and the supporting column is provided with a Y-axis driving mechanism. The Y-axis driving mechanism is connected with a tool rest, the tool rest is provided with a B-axis driving mechanism, the B-axis driving mechanism is connected with a tool, the bottom end of the tool is rotationally connected to the connecting block, a first tool cleaning mechanism is arranged below the tool rest, and the effect of improving the cutting precision is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gear hobbing machines, and more particularly to a small module precision gear hobbing machine. Background Technology

[0002] A gear hobbing machine is a gear processing machine tool that cuts gears by using a hob and workpiece generating motion. It can process spur gears, helical gears, and worm gears. Its core principle is to simulate gear meshing, achieving efficient cutting through continuous rotation. Patent application CN201510565369.1 discloses a CNC gear hobbing machine in which the workpiece is vertically clamped on a worktable, and the cutting tool on the tool holder is horizontally positioned. This structure is convenient for processing large module gears because the workpieces required for processing large module gears are relatively large, facilitating clamping. However, for processing small module gears, the workpiece diameter is very small, with the smallest diameter being only about two millimeters. Clamping such small diameter workpieces on a worktable is very difficult, and the clamping effect is also very poor. Patent application CN201920903816.3 discloses a gear hobbing machine. This patent uses a C-axis mechanism to fix one end of the workpiece and rotate it during processing. A tailstock mechanism abuts the other end of the workpiece, providing auxiliary support. This structure changes the workpiece clamping from vertical to horizontal, greatly facilitating workpiece installation. However, it also has the following drawbacks: 1) Because the diameter of the workpiece required for machining small module gears is very small, the contact area between the tailstock mechanism and the workpiece is very small, resulting in insufficient friction. This causes the workpiece to slip during the rotation of the center, significantly affecting cutting accuracy; 2) The workpiece is changed from vertical to horizontal, and correspondingly, the cutting tool changes from horizontal to vertical. When the cutting tool is set horizontally, metal chips adhering to the tool and between the blades during the cutting process will fall down onto the machine tool along the gaps between the blades under the flushing effect of the cutting oil. However, once the cutting tool is changed from a horizontal to a vertical setting, during the flushing process, metal chips adhering to the blades above the tool or in the gaps between the blades will be flushed to the blades below the tool or in the gaps between the blades and adhere there. Thus, it is difficult for the cutting oil to clean the metal chips adhering to the blades or in the gaps between the blades during the cutting process. Furthermore, this tool is used to process small module gears, and the tool itself is very small, as are the blades and the gaps between the blades. This further increases the difficulty of cleaning the metal chips adhering to the tool, which will greatly affect the accuracy of gear machining. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a small-module precision gear hobbing machine that solves the problems existing in the prior art. By setting up an anti-center structure and connecting a first motor to the anti-center structure, passive rotation is transformed into active rotation. In this way, during the workpiece machining process, both ends of the workpiece rotate simultaneously and synchronously, preventing slippage due to insufficient friction caused by the workpiece being too small. This ensures the stability of the workpiece during tool cutting and greatly improves the cutting accuracy. Furthermore, the setting of a first tool cleaning mechanism greatly improves the cleaning effect on the tool, thereby enhancing the cutting accuracy.

[0004] (II) Technical Solution

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a small module precision gear hobbing machine, comprising a bed, a spindle mechanism and a tailstock mechanism on the bed, the tailstock mechanism comprising a first connecting seat fixed to the bed, a slide seat slidably connected to the upper surface of the first connecting seat, a U-axis drive mechanism and a C2-axis drive mechanism on the slide seat, a counter-center structure connected to the C2-axis drive mechanism, a Z-axis drive mechanism on the rear side of the C2-axis drive mechanism, a second connecting seat on the Z-axis drive mechanism, a third connecting seat slidably connected to the second connecting seat, an X-axis drive mechanism and an A-axis drive mechanism on the third connecting seat, a support column connected to the A-axis drive mechanism, a Y-axis drive mechanism on the support column, a tool holder connected to the Y-axis drive mechanism, a B-axis drive mechanism on the tool holder, a cutting tool connected to the B-axis drive mechanism, the bottom end of the cutting tool rotatably connected to a connecting block, the connecting block fixed to the tool holder, and a first cutting tool cleaning mechanism below the tool holder.

[0006] Preferably, the anti-center structure includes a first cylindrical block fixed to the C2 axis drive mechanism, a frustum block fixed at the center of the left end face of the first cylindrical block, a second cylindrical block fixed on the left end face of the frustum block, a third cylindrical block fixed on the left end face of the second cylindrical block, and an embedding hole provided at the left end of the third cylindrical block.

[0007] Preferably, the cutting tool includes a vertical axis, on which several rows of blades are provided. Each blade row consists of several blades evenly distributed from top to bottom, with gaps between adjacent blades.

[0008] Preferably, the first tool cleaning mechanism includes a first oil bladder disposed below the tool holder. The bottom surface of the first oil bladder is fixed to the inner bottom surface of an oil collection container with a top opening. The oil collection container is fixed to a support plate, and the support plate is fixed to a support column. A groove is provided at the center of the top of the first oil bladder, which is recessed into the first oil bladder. An oil inlet pipe is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the groove, and the lower end of the oil inlet pipe extends into the first oil bladder. The upper end of the oil inlet pipe extends into a vertical shaft. Several oil outlet pipes are connected to the oil inlet pipe in the vertical shaft. The oil outlet of the oil outlet pipe is located at the gap. A one-way valve is provided near the bottom end of the first oil bladder.

[0009] Preferably, a pressure block is fixed near the bottom of the tool holder, the bottom surface of the pressure block is flush with the bottom surface of the tool holder, and the front end of the pressure block extends beyond the front end of the first oil bladder.

[0010] Preferably, a filter plate is fixed on the inner wall of the oil collecting container, an elastic ring is fixed on the inner ring of the filter plate, the inner ring of the elastic ring is fixed on the outer wall of the first oil bladder, and the filter plate is located in the middle and lower section of the oil collecting container.

[0011] Preferably, the spindle mechanism includes a fixed seat fixed to the bed, a clamp seat fixed through the fixed seat, a C1 axis motor is installed in the clamp seat, a spindle is fixed through the center of the C1 axis motor, a pull rod is movably connected in the spindle, a chuck is fixed to the right end of the pull rod, and a hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the left end of the pull rod.

[0012] Preferably, the outer end of the oil outlet pipe is configured as a Y-shaped end, and the Y-shaped end is provided with a first oil outlet hole, a second oil outlet hole and a third oil outlet hole.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom end of the oil inlet pipe is fixed with a flared opening.

[0014] Preferably, the filter plate is provided with a second tool cleaning mechanism. The second tool cleaning mechanism includes a fixed plate fixed to the filter plate. The fixed plate has two X-shaped frames arranged front and back. The lower left end of the X-shaped frame is hinged to the left end of the fixed plate, and its lower right end is slidably connected to the fixed plate. A first connecting plate is fixed between the upper left ends of the two X-shaped frames, and a second connecting plate is fixed between the upper right ends of the two X-shaped frames. A second oil bladder is fixed between the second connecting plate and the first connecting plate. The bottom surface of the second oil bladder is connected to a first oil pipe. The lower end of the first oil pipe extends into the oil collection container below the filter plate. The top surface of the second oil bladder is connected to a second oil pipe. Part of the second oil pipe is wound around an I-shaped winding tube. The I-shaped winding tube is fixed to the oil inlet pipe, and the upper end of the second oil pipe is connected to the oil inlet pipe. A slider is fixed between the two second connecting plates, and the slider is slidably connected to the bottom surface of the pressure block.

[0015] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0016] 1. This invention, by connecting the C2 axis drive mechanism to the anti-center structure, transforms the passive rotation of the anti-center structure into active rotation. This allows both ends of the workpiece to rotate simultaneously and synchronously during machining, changing the traditional situation where the tailstock tip is in a driven position. It eliminates the torque applied to the workpiece due to the speed difference between the spindle structure and the tailstock tip, preventing slippage caused by insufficient friction due to small workpieces, ensuring workpiece stability during tool cutting, and thus greatly improving cutting accuracy. The anti-center structure is suitable for machining small gear shafts (where center holes cannot be machined), reducing reliance on center holes, greatly facilitating machining and installation, and improving the clamping effect. The anti-center structure, composed of a first cylindrical block, a frustum block, a second cylindrical block, and a third cylindrical block, significantly enhances its rigidity and stability. Furthermore, the first tool cleaning mechanism effectively removes metal debris adhering to the tool during cutting, further improving cutting accuracy.

[0017] 2. The present invention sets the first cleaning mechanism as consisting of a first oil bladder, an oil collection container, a support plate, a groove, an oil inlet pipe, an oil outlet pipe, an oil outlet, a one-way valve, etc. It utilizes the descent of the tool holder to provide a power source, and completes the squeezing and filling of the first oil bladder without the need for additional drive installation, which plays a good role in saving energy. At the same time, it completes the cleaning of the tool during the tool descent, thereby ultimately improving the cutting accuracy.

[0018] 3. In this invention, the outer end of the oil outlet pipe is set as a Y-shaped end, and the Y-shaped end is provided with a first oil outlet, a second oil outlet, and a third oil outlet. When the cutting oil is sprayed out, it is sprayed out from the first oil outlet, the second oil outlet, and the third oil outlet simultaneously. The first oil outlet and the second oil outlet clean the cutting tool, and the third oil outlet cleans the gap. This makes the cleaning more comprehensive and targeted. In addition, compared with a single oil outlet, setting three oil outlets (first oil outlet, second oil outlet, and third oil outlet) makes the oil outlets finer and avoids clogging by metal debris.

[0019] 4. This invention, through the setting of a second tool cleaning mechanism, cleans the tool during its ascent in the cutting process, improving the cleaning effect and thus further enhancing the cutting accuracy. The second tool is configured with a structure consisting of a fixed plate, an X-shaped frame, a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate, a second oil bladder, a first oil pipe, a second oil pipe, an I-shaped winding tube, and a slider. The rising of the tool holder provides the power source, eliminating the need for an additional drive unit to compress and fill the second oil bladder, thus saving energy. Simultaneously, it cleans the tool during its ascent, ultimately improving the cutting accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tailstock mechanism of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-top structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting tool of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the support column, tool holder, tool, connecting block and first tool cleaning mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the support column, tool holder, tool, connecting block and first tool cleaning mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A schematic diagram with the second tool cleaning mechanism added.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the spindle mechanism of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 5 A magnified view of part A in the image.

[0030] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 5 A magnified view of part B in the image.

[0031] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 6 A diagram showing the cut-off portion.

[0032] In the diagram: 1-Bed, 2-Spindle mechanism, 3-Tailstock mechanism, 4-First connecting seat, 5-Slide, 6-U-axis drive mechanism, 7-C2-axis drive mechanism, 8-Reverse center structure, 9-Z-axis drive mechanism, 10-Second connecting seat, 11-Third connecting seat, 12-X-axis drive mechanism, 13-A-axis drive mechanism, 14-Support column, 15-Y-axis drive mechanism, 16-Tool post, 17-B-axis drive mechanism, 18-Tool, 19-Connecting block, 20-First tool cleaning mechanism, 21-First cylindrical block, 22-Frustum block, 23-Second cylindrical block, 24-Third cylindrical block, 25-Embedded hole, 26-Vertical axis, 27-Column of inserts, 28-Insert insert, 29-Clearance, 30-First oil bladder. 31-Oil collection container, 32-Support plate, 33-Groove, 34-Oil inlet pipe, 35-Oil outlet pipe, 36-Oil outlet, 37-One-way valve, 38-Pressure block, 39-Filter plate, 40-Elastic ring, 41-Fixed seat, 42-Clamping seat, 43-C1 axis motor, 44-Main shaft, 45-Pull rod, 46-Chuck, 47-Oil cylinder, 48-Y-shaped end, 49-First oil outlet, 50-Second oil outlet, 51-Third oil outlet, 52-Flare mouth, 53-Second tool cleaning mechanism, 54-Fixed plate, 55-X-shaped frame, 56-First connecting plate, 57-Second connecting plate, 58-Second oil bladder, 59-First oil pipe, 60-Second oil pipe, 61-I-shaped winding tube, 62-Slider. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following will refer to the appendices in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1-12 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have been clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] This invention provides a technical solution: a small-module precision gear hobbing machine, comprising a bed 1, a spindle mechanism 2 and a tailstock mechanism 3 mounted on the bed 1, the tailstock mechanism 3 including a first connecting seat 4 fixed to the bed 1, a slide seat 5 slidably connected to the upper surface of the first connecting seat 4, a U-axis drive mechanism 6 and a C2-axis drive mechanism 7 mounted on the slide seat 5, a counter-center structure 8 connected to the C2-axis drive mechanism 7, a Z-axis drive mechanism 9 mounted on the rear side of the C2-axis drive mechanism 7, a second connecting seat 10 mounted on the Z-axis drive mechanism 9, and a slide seat 5 slidably connected to the second connecting seat 10. A third connecting seat 11 is dynamically connected. The third connecting seat 11 is equipped with an X-axis drive mechanism 12 and an A-axis drive mechanism 13. The A-axis drive mechanism 13 is connected to a support column 14. The support column 14 is equipped with a Y-axis drive mechanism 15. The Y-axis drive mechanism 15 is connected to a tool holder 16. The tool holder 16 is equipped with a B-axis drive mechanism 17. The B-axis drive mechanism 17 is connected to a cutting tool 18. The bottom end of the cutting tool 18 is rotatably connected to a connecting block 19. The connecting block 19 is fixed to the tool holder 16. A first cutting tool cleaning mechanism 20 is provided below the tool holder 16. During operation, one end of the workpiece is first inserted into the spindle mechanism 2 for fixation. Then, the U-axis drive mechanism 6 is activated, driving the slide 5 to slide towards the workpiece until the anti-center structure 8 on the slide 5 presses against the other end of the workpiece. The anti-center structure 8 includes a first cylindrical block 21 fixed to the C2-axis drive mechanism 7. A frustum block 22 is fixed at the center of the left end face of the first cylindrical block 21. A second cylindrical block 23 is fixed on the left end face of the frustum block 22. A third cylindrical block 24 is fixed on the left end face of the second cylindrical block 23. An insertion hole 25 is opened at the left end of the third cylindrical block 24. An insertion head that can be inserted into the insertion hole 25 is provided on the end of the workpiece opposite to the anti-center structure 8. After the insertion head is inserted into the insertion hole 25 and pressed against it, the spindle mechanism 2 drives one end of the workpiece to rotate, and the C2-axis drive mechanism 7 drives the other end of the workpiece to rotate synchronously. Then, the position of the tool 18 is adjusted to cut the workpiece. During the cutting process, cutting oil is sprayed from an oil pipe onto the cutting area for lubrication and cooling. The Z-axis drive mechanism 9 adjusts the position of the tool 18 in the Z-axis direction (left-right direction), the X-axis drive mechanism 12 adjusts the position of the tool 18 in the X-axis direction (front-back direction), the A-axis drive mechanism 13 adjusts the rotation angle of the tool 18 in the A-axis (rotation), and the Y-axis drive mechanism 15 adjusts the position of the tool 18 in the Y-axis direction (up-down direction). By adjusting the tool 18 in the Z-axis, X-axis, A-axis, and Y-axis directions, the tool 18 can be accurately positioned to the required cutting position.The Z-axis drive mechanism 9 is a lead screw structure, which is existing technology and its structure will not be described in detail here. The second connecting seat 10 is slidably connected to the bed 1. The Z-axis drive mechanism 9 enables the second connecting seat 10 to slide in the Z-axis direction, thereby driving the third connecting seat 11 mounted on it to slide in the Z-axis direction, which in turn drives the support column 14 mounted on the third connecting seat 11 to slide in the Z-axis direction, which in turn drives the tool holder 16 mounted on the support column 14 to slide in the Z-axis direction, and finally drives the tool 18 mounted on the tool holder 16 to slide in the Z-axis direction. The X-axis drive mechanism 12 is also a lead screw structure, which is existing technology and its structure will not be described in detail here. The third connecting seat 11 is slidably connected to the second connecting seat 10. The X-axis drive mechanism 12 enables the third connecting seat 11 to slide in the X-axis direction, thereby driving the support column 14 mounted on it to slide in the X-axis direction, which in turn drives the tool holder 16 mounted on the support column 14 to slide in the X-axis direction, and finally drives the tool 18 mounted on the tool holder 16 to slide in the X-axis direction. The A-axis drive mechanism 13 consists of an A-axis motor located on the right side of the third connecting seat 11 and a pair of helical gears located at the end of the output shaft of the A-axis motor. The helical gears are used for reversal, which is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. The A-axis drive mechanism 13 rotates the support column 14, thereby causing the tool holder 16 mounted on the support column 14 to rotate by the required angle in the A-axis direction, ultimately causing the tool 18 mounted on the tool holder 16 to rotate in the A-axis direction. The Y-axis drive mechanism 15 is a lead screw structure, which is existing technology and its structure will not be described in detail here. The tool holder 16 is slidably connected to the support column 14. The Y-axis drive mechanism 15 enables the tool holder 16 to slide in the Y-axis direction, ultimately causing the tool 18 mounted on the tool holder 16 to slide in the Y-axis direction. The B-axis drive mechanism 17 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. The B-axis drive mechanism 17 enables the rotation of the tool 18 on the B-axis. The axis of the C2-axis drive mechanism 7 coincides with the axis of the spindle mechanism 2. Cross-coupling control ensures that the C2-axis drive mechanism 7 and the spindle mechanism 2 maintain the same speed. This invention connects the C2-axis drive mechanism 7 to the anti-center structure 8, transforming the passive rotation of the anti-center structure 8 into active rotation. This allows both ends of the workpiece to rotate synchronously during machining, changing the traditional situation where the tailstock tip is in a driven position. It eliminates the torque applied to the workpiece due to the speed difference between the spindle structure and the tailstock tip, preventing slippage caused by insufficient friction due to a small workpiece. This ensures workpiece stability during tool cutting, thereby significantly improving cutting accuracy.This invention, through the design of the anti-center structure 8, is suitable for machining small gear shaft workpieces (where central holes cannot be machined), reducing reliance on the central hole and greatly facilitating machining and installation. It also improves the clamping effect. The anti-center structure 8 is composed of a first cylindrical block 21, a frustum block 22, a second cylindrical block 23, and a third cylindrical block 24, which significantly enhances its rigidity and stability. Furthermore, the invention utilizes a first tool cleaning mechanism 20 to promptly remove metal debris adhering to the tool 18 during cutting, thereby further improving cutting accuracy.

[0035] The cutting tool 18 includes a vertical shaft 26, on which several rows of cutting inserts 27 are arranged. Each row of cutting inserts 27 consists of several cutting inserts 28 evenly distributed from top to bottom, with gaps 29 between adjacent cutting inserts 28. The cutting inserts 28 and the vertical shaft 26 are integrally formed. The rows of cutting inserts 27 are evenly arranged around the outer wall of the vertical shaft 26, with gaps between adjacent rows. With this structure, the cutting inserts 28 on the cutting tool 18 can alternately cut the workpiece during grinding. This alternation of cutting inserts 28 is achieved through the rotation and vertical movement of the cutting tool 18. This structure of the cutting tool 18, on the one hand, prevents metal debris from concentrating on a single cutting insert 28 by alternating the cutting inserts 28, and on the other hand, greatly facilitates cleaning. During the cutting process, the first cutting tool cleaning mechanism 20 can effectively clean the other cutting inserts 28 (excluding the one currently cutting) and the gaps between cutting inserts 28, thereby improving cutting accuracy.

[0036] The first tool cleaning mechanism 20 includes a first oil bladder 30 disposed below the tool holder 16. The bottom surface of the first oil bladder 30 is fixed to the inner bottom surface of the top-opening oil collection container 31. The oil collection container 31 is fixed to the support plate 32, and the support plate 32 is fixed to the support column 14. A groove 33 is provided at the center of the top of the first oil bladder 30, which is recessed into the first oil bladder 30. The bottom end of the groove 33 is rotatably connected to an oil inlet pipe 34, and the lower end of the oil inlet pipe 34 extends into the first oil bladder 30. The upper end of the oil inlet pipe 34 extends into the vertical shaft 26. Several oil outlet pipes 35 are connected to the oil inlet pipe 34 in the vertical shaft 26. The oil outlet 36 of the oil outlet pipe 35 is disposed at the gap 29. A one-way valve 37 is provided near the bottom end of the first oil bladder 30. This is the specific structure of the first tool cleaning mechanism 20, wherein the first oil bladder 30 is filled with cutting oil, and the cutting oil keeps the first oil bladder 30 in a full state. When the tool holder 16 is in the upper position, the bottom surface of the tool holder 16 is in contact with the top surface of the first oil bladder 30. At this time, the position of the cutting oil in the oil inlet pipe 34 is below and close to the bottommost oil outlet pipe 35. When the cutting tool 18 cuts the workpiece, the cutting tool 18 moves up and down and rotates at a set frequency. When the tool holder 16 moves the cutting tool 18 downward, the bottom surface of the tool holder 16 will squeeze the first oil bladder 30. During the process of the oil bladder 30 being squeezed, the cutting oil in the first oil bladder 30 will be squeezed into the oil inlet pipe 34 and sprayed out from the oil outlet 36 after passing through the oil outlet pipe 35. The sprayed cutting oil washes away the metal debris adhering to the gap 29 and the corresponding cutting tool 28. On the one hand, it plays a cleaning role. On the other hand, the cutting oil sprayed from the oil outlet 36 has an outward impact effect on the cutting oil and metal debris mixture flowing downward from above, preventing the downward flowing cutting oil and metal debris mixture from adhering and accumulating on the cutting tool 28 and the gap 29 below. In this way, the metal debris in the cutting tool 28 and the gap 29 is cleaned well, thereby improving the cutting accuracy. The material forming the groove 33 can be a hard material, instead of the flexible material used in the first oil bladder 30. The material forming the groove 33 can be plastic, which facilitates the fixing of the bearing at the bottom of the groove 33, enabling the oil inlet pipe 34 to be rotatably connected to the bottom of the groove 33. Furthermore, the fact that the groove 33 is made of plastic does not affect the raising and lowering of the oil inlet pipe 34, and can improve the stability of the rotation of the oil inlet pipe 34. In addition, the groove 33 allows the lower end of the oil inlet pipe 34 to extend into the interior of the first oil bladder 30, thereby improving the efficiency and effect of the cutting oil being forced into the oil inlet pipe 34.When the cutting tool 18 descends to its lowest point (i.e., the uppermost blade 28 on the cutting tool 18 completes cutting the workpiece), the cutting tool 18 begins to rise. At this time, the compressed portion of the first oil bladder 30 slowly expands. During this expansion, cutting oil is drawn from the oil collection container 31 through the one-way valve 37. When the cutting tool 18 rises to its highest point (i.e., the lowermost blade 28 on the cutting tool 18 completes cutting the workpiece), the first oil bladder 30 is refilled with cutting oil. To make the first oil bladder 30 more effectively draw in cutting oil through the one-way valve 37, the top surface of the first oil bladder 30 can be fixed to the bottom surface of the tool holder 16. This creates a rapid negative pressure within the first oil bladder 30 as the tool holder 16 rises, significantly improving the efficiency and effectiveness of cutting oil intake. To further enhance the efficiency of cutting oil intake, multiple one-way valves 37 can be installed on the first oil bladder 30. By setting up the first tool cleaning mechanism 20, the tool 18 can be cleaned by the first tool cleaning mechanism 20 each time it descends during the cutting process, thereby improving the cutting accuracy.

[0037] A pressure block 38 is fixed near the bottom of the tool holder 16. The bottom surface of the pressure block 38 is flush with the bottom surface of the tool holder 16, and the front end of the pressure block 38 extends beyond the front end of the first oil bladder 30. The pressure block 38 is perpendicular to the tool holder 16. This arrangement allows the pressure block 38 to completely cover the top surface of the first oil bladder 30 when pressing it down, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of compressing the first oil bladder 30. The top surface of the first oil bladder 30 and the bottom surface of the pressure block 38 are fixedly connected.

[0038] A filter plate 39 is fixed to the inner wall of the oil collection container 31. An elastic ring 40 is fixed to the inner ring of the filter plate 39, and the inner ring of the elastic ring 40 is fixed to the outer wall of the first oil bladder 30. The filter plate 39 is located in the lower middle section of the oil collection container 31. During the cutting process, cutting oil mixed with metal shavings falls downwards. Some of the mixture of cutting oil and metal shavings falls into the oil collection container 31, where the metal shavings are filtered by the filter plate 39. Thus, no additional cutting oil needs to be added to the oil collection container 31. The elastic ring 40 can be made of rubber or silicone. The elastic ring 40 facilitates fixation to the first oil bladder 30 and also provides good protection for the first oil bladder 30, preventing damage from the filter plate 39 during compression.

[0039] The spindle mechanism 2 includes a fixed base 41 fixed to the bed 1. A clamping seat 42 is fixed through the fixed base 41. A C1 axis motor 43 is installed inside the clamping seat 42. A spindle 44 is fixed through the center of the C1 axis motor 43. A pull rod 45 is movably connected inside the spindle 44. A chuck 46 is fixed to the right end of the pull rod 45, and a hydraulic cylinder 47 is fixed to the left end of the pull rod 45. This is the specific structure of the spindle mechanism 2. The C1 axis motor 43 is directly connected to the spindle 44 and is a direct-drive motor. The chuck 46 has three evenly spaced slits. After the workpiece is inserted into the chuck 46, the hydraulic cylinder 47 pulls the pull rod 45 inward, thereby pulling the chuck 46 into the spindle 44. As the chuck 46 is pulled into the spindle 44, it slowly retracts until it can no longer be pulled, thus clamping one end of the workpiece. During the cutting process, the rotation of the workpiece is driven by the C1 axis motor 43 to rotate the spindle 44, which in turn drives the tie rod 45 and the chuck 46 set in the spindle 44 to rotate, and finally drives the workpiece to rotate.

[0040] The outer end of the oil outlet pipe 35 is configured as a Y-shaped end 48, which has a first oil outlet hole 49, a second oil outlet hole 50, and a third oil outlet hole 51. This allows the cutting oil to be sprayed out simultaneously from all three outlet holes: the first oil outlet hole 49, the second oil outlet hole 50, and the third oil outlet hole 51. The first and second oil outlet holes 49 and 50 clean the cutting tool 28, while the third oil outlet hole 51 cleans the clearance 29. This makes the cleaning more comprehensive and targeted. Furthermore, compared to a single oil outlet 36, having three outlet holes (49, 50, and 51) allows for finer outlets, preventing blockage by metal debris.

[0041] The bottom end of the oil inlet pipe 34 is fixed with a bell mouth 52. The bell mouth 52 greatly facilitates the pressure of cutting oil into the oil inlet pipe 34.

[0042] A second blade cleaning mechanism 53 is provided on the filter plate 39. The second blade cleaning mechanism 53 includes a fixing plate 54 fixed on the filter plate 39. The fixing plate 54 has two X-shaped frames 55 arranged front to back. The lower left end of the X-shaped frame 55 is hinged to the left end of the fixing plate 54, and its lower right end is slidably connected to the fixing plate 54. A first connecting plate 56 is fixed between the upper left ends of the two X-shaped frames 55, and a second connecting plate 57 is fixed between the upper right ends of the two X-shaped frames 55. The second connecting plate 57 and the first connecting plate 56 are fixed together. A second oil bladder 58 is provided, with its bottom surface connected to a first oil pipe 59. The lower end of the first oil pipe 59 extends into the oil collection container 31 below the filter plate 39. A second oil pipe 60 is connected to the top surface of the second oil bladder 58, with a portion of the second oil pipe 60 wound around an I-shaped winding tube 61. The I-shaped winding tube 61 is fixed to the oil inlet pipe 34, and the upper end of the second oil pipe 60 is connected to the oil inlet pipe 34. A slider 62 is fixed between the two second connecting plates 57, and the slider 62 is slidably connected to the bottom surface of the pressure block 38. Through the provision of the second tool cleaning mechanism 53, the tool 18 can be cleaned during the cutting process as it rises, improving the cleaning effect and further enhancing the cutting accuracy. When the tool 18 is at its lowest point, the second oil bladder 58 is in its most open state, filled with cutting oil. The first oil pipe 59 is equipped with a one-way valve or one-way flap, ensuring that cutting oil can only enter the second oil bladder 58 from bottom to top, and not from top to bottom into the oil collection container 31. The top and bottom surfaces of the second oil bladder 58 are designed in a continuous mountain-like shape to facilitate its expansion and contraction. The specific working principle is as follows: When the tool holder 16 moves the tool 18 upwards, the pressure block 38 fixed on the tool holder 16 also rises. The rise of the pressure block 38 causes the slider 62 to rise and slide to the left, thereby raising the X-shaped frame 55. This causes the first connecting plate 56 and the second connecting plate 57 to press against the second oil bladder 58, thus forcing the cutting oil inside the second oil bladder 58 into the oil inlet pipe 34, and finally spraying it out through the oil outlet pipe 35 to clean metal debris from the cutting tool 28 and the gap 29. When the tool holder 16 descends, the X-shaped bracket 55 descends, the first connecting plate 56 and the second connecting plate 57 move in opposite directions, the second oil bladder 58 gradually expands, and the first oil pipe 59 draws cutting oil from the oil collection container 31 into the second oil bladder 58 to replenish the cutting oil in the second oil bladder 58. The second oil pipe 60 is a flexible hose. When the tool 18 descends, the oil inlet pipe 34 rotates, causing the second oil pipe 60 to wind around the I-shaped winding tube 61. When the tool 18 rises, the second oil pipe 60 rotates in the opposite direction, unwinding the second oil pipe 60 from the I-shaped winding tube 61. This not only fills the gap left by the rising of the second oil pipe 60 but also facilitates the entry of cutting oil from the second oil pipe 60 into the oil inlet pipe 34.

[0043] Working principle: During operation, one end of the workpiece is first inserted into the spindle mechanism 2 for fixation. Then, the U-axis drive mechanism 6 is activated, driving the slide 5 to slide towards the workpiece until the anti-center structure 8 on the slide 5 presses against the other end of the workpiece. The anti-center structure 8 includes a first cylindrical block 21 fixed to the C2-axis drive mechanism 7, a frustum block 22 fixed at the center of the left end face of the first cylindrical block 21, a second cylindrical block 23 fixed on the left end face of the frustum block 22, and a third cylindrical block 24 fixed on the left end face of the second cylindrical block 23. The left end of the third cylindrical block 24 has an insertion hole 25. The end of the workpiece opposite to the anti-center structure 8 has an insertion head that can be inserted into the insertion hole 25. After the insertion head is inserted into the insertion hole 25 and pressed against it, the spindle mechanism 2 drives one end of the workpiece to rotate, and the C2-axis drive mechanism 7 drives the other end of the workpiece to rotate synchronously. Then, the position of the tool 18 is adjusted to cut the workpiece. During the cutting process, cutting oil is sprayed from an oil pipe onto the cutting area for lubrication and cooling. The Z-axis drive mechanism 9 adjusts the position of the tool 18 in the Z-axis direction (left-right direction), the X-axis drive mechanism 12 adjusts the position of the tool 18 in the X-axis direction (front-back direction), the A-axis drive mechanism 13 adjusts the rotation angle of the tool 18 in the A-axis (rotation), and the Y-axis drive mechanism 15 adjusts the position of the tool 18 in the Y-axis direction (up-down direction). By adjusting the tool 18 in the Z-axis, X-axis, A-axis, and Y-axis directions, the tool 18 can be accurately positioned to the required cutting position. During the cutting process, the first tool cleaning mechanism 20 cleans the metal debris adhering to the tool 18.

[0044] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A small-module precision gear hobbing machine, characterized in that, The device includes a bed (1), on which a spindle mechanism (2) and a tailstock mechanism (3) are provided. The tailstock mechanism (3) includes a first connecting seat (4) fixed on the bed (1). A slide (5) is slidably connected to the upper surface of the first connecting seat (4). A U-axis drive mechanism (6) and a C2-axis drive mechanism (7) are provided on the slide (5). An anti-center structure (8) is connected to the C2-axis drive mechanism (7). A Z-axis drive mechanism (9) is provided on the rear side of the C2-axis drive mechanism (7). A second connecting seat (10) is provided on the Z-axis drive mechanism (9). A third connecting seat (11) is slidably connected to the second connecting seat (10). The third connecting seat (11) is provided with an X-axis drive mechanism (12) and an A-axis drive mechanism (13). The A-axis drive mechanism (13) is connected to a support column (14). The support column (14) is provided with a Y-axis drive mechanism (15). The Y-axis drive mechanism (15) is connected to a tool holder (16). The tool holder (16) is provided with a B-axis drive mechanism (17). The B-axis drive mechanism (17) is connected to a cutting tool (18). The bottom end of the cutting tool (18) is rotatably connected to a connecting block (19). The connecting block (19) is fixed on the tool holder (16). A first cutting tool cleaning mechanism (20) is provided below the tool holder (16).

2. The small module precision gear hobbing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-center structure (8) includes a first cylindrical block (21) fixed to the C2 shaft drive mechanism (7), a frustum block (22) fixed at the center of the left end face of the first cylindrical block (21), a second cylindrical block (23) fixed on the left end face of the frustum block (22), a third cylindrical block (24) fixed on the left end face of the second cylindrical block (23), and an embedding hole (25) opened at the left end of the third cylindrical block (24).

3. A small module precision gear hobbing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting tool (18) includes a vertical shaft (26), on which several rows of blades (27) are provided. Each row of blades (27) is composed of several blades (28) evenly distributed from top to bottom, with gaps (29) between adjacent blades (28).

4. A small module precision gear hobbing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first tool cleaning mechanism (20) includes a first oil bladder (30) disposed below the tool holder (16). The bottom surface of the first oil bladder (30) is fixed to the inner bottom surface of an oil collection container (31) with a top opening. The oil collection container (31) is fixed to a support plate (32), which is fixed to a support column (14). A groove (33) is provided at the center of the top of the first oil bladder (30) and recessed into the first oil bladder (30). The bottom end of the groove (33) is rotatably connected to an oil inlet pipe (34), and the lower end of the oil inlet pipe (34) extends into the first oil bladder (30). The upper end of the oil inlet pipe (34) extends into the vertical shaft (26). The oil inlet pipe (34) in the vertical shaft (26) is connected to several oil outlet pipes (35). The oil outlet (36) of the oil outlet pipe (35) is located at the gap (29). A one-way valve (37) is provided near the bottom end of the first oil bladder (30).

5. A small module precision gear hobbing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, A pressure block (38) is fixed near the bottom of the tool holder (16). The bottom surface of the pressure block (38) is flush with the bottom surface of the tool holder (16), and the front end of the pressure block (38) extends beyond the front end of the first oil bladder (30).

6. A small module precision gear hobbing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, A filter plate (39) is fixed on the inner wall of the oil collection container (31). An elastic ring (40) is fixed on the inner ring of the filter plate (39). The inner ring of the elastic ring (40) is fixed on the outer wall of the first oil bladder (30). The filter plate (39) is located in the middle and lower section of the oil collection container (31).

7. A small module precision gear hobbing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spindle mechanism (2) includes a fixed seat (41) fixed on the bed (1), a clamp seat (42) is fixed through the fixed seat (41), a C1 axis motor (43) is provided in the clamp seat (42), a spindle (44) is fixed through the center of the C1 axis motor (43), a pull rod (45) is movably connected in the spindle (44), a chuck (46) is fixed at the right end of the pull rod (45), and a hydraulic cylinder (47) is fixed at the left end of the pull rod (45).

8. A small module precision gear hobbing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer end of the oil outlet pipe (35) is configured as a Y-shaped end (48), and the Y-shaped end (48) is provided with a first oil outlet hole (49), a second oil outlet hole (50) and a third oil outlet hole (51).

9. A small module precision gear hobbing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom end of the oil inlet pipe (34) is fixed with a flared mouth (52).

10. A small-module precision gear hobbing machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The filter plate (39) is provided with a second blade cleaning mechanism (53). The second blade cleaning mechanism (53) includes a fixing plate (54) fixed on the filter plate (39). The fixing plate (54) has two X-shaped frames (55) arranged front and back. The lower left end of the X-shaped frame (55) is hinged to the left end of the fixing plate (54), and its lower right end is slidably connected to the fixing plate (54). A first connecting plate (56) is fixed between the upper left ends of the two X-shaped frames (55), and a second connecting plate (57) is fixed between the upper right ends of the two X-shaped frames (55). A second oil is fixed between the second connecting plate (57) and the first connecting plate (56). The bottom surface of the second oil bladder (58) is connected to the first oil pipe (59), the lower end of the first oil pipe (59) extends into the oil collection container (31) below the filter plate (39), the top surface of the second oil bladder (58) is connected to the second oil pipe (60), part of the second oil pipe (60) is wound on the I-shaped winding tube (61), the I-shaped winding tube (61) is fixed on the oil inlet pipe (34), and the upper end of the second oil pipe (60) is connected to the oil inlet pipe (34). A slider (62) is fixed between the two second connecting plates (57), and the slider (62) is slidably connected to the bottom surface of the pressure block (38).

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