A top drive assembly for drilling a well and a drilling apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a top driving assembly for drilling and a drilling device, and belongs to the technical field of oil drilling equipment. The top driving assembly for drilling directly drives a main shaft by using a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and a gear reduction box is omitted. The assembly is integrated with a bearing box, a lubricating oil tank, a brake system and the permanent magnet motor from top to bottom, and is compact in structure. The main shaft is rotationally matched with the bearing box through bearings arranged in multiple steps. The lubricating oil tank is provided with a hollow part which is isolated from the space in the tank and through which the main shaft passes, so that oil pollution is prevented. The brake system is connected with the main shaft through a torque transmission pin and a brake shaft sleeve, and effective braking is realized. The device is mainly applied to land and ocean drilling, can significantly improve transmission efficiency, reduce maintenance cost, and is suitable for small drilling rig operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling equipment technology, and in particular to a top drive assembly and drilling device for drilling. Background Technology

[0002] Top drive drilling rigs are advanced drilling equipment that use a top-mounted motor and transmission to rotate and move the drill pipe vertically. Compared to traditional rotary table drill pipe assemblies, they offer advantages such as high operational efficiency, precise control, and reduced risk of stuck pipe. The top drive can move up and down along guide rails to achieve functions such as drill pipe rotation, drilling fluid circulation, and drill string connection, making it suitable for various drilling operations such as threading and unthreading, and reaming.

[0003] However, existing top drive technology has several drawbacks, mainly manifested in low transmission efficiency, complex structure, large size, or excessive weight, as detailed below:

[0004] (1) Hydraulic top drive, although it has the advantages of small size and light weight, and meets explosion-proof requirements and is suitable for specific environments, has a mechanical transmission efficiency of only about 40%, which is low. At the same time, the components required for hydraulic systems are mostly imported, which limits the scope of application.

[0005] (2) Ordinary electric top drive uses a single or dual motor for driving, and increases the spindle torque through a gear reduction mechanism, with a mechanical transmission efficiency of about 73%. It has a simple structure and high transmission efficiency (up to 80%), but it has the following shortcomings:

[0006] ① Gear reduction mechanisms require regular maintenance, increasing operating costs;

[0007] ② The structure is complex and the failure rate is high. Once the bearing or gear is damaged, it needs to be disassembled and overhauled, which is complicated and costly.

[0008] (3) Asynchronous direct drive top drive eliminates the gearbox transmission method and relies on a low-speed, high-torque AC variable frequency asynchronous motor to directly drive the spindle, which improves transmission efficiency and reduces system complexity and failure rate. However, the disadvantage is that the direct drive motor is large in size and weight, which is particularly obvious when adapting to small drilling and repair machines, thus limiting its applicability.

[0009] Traditional hydraulic top drives have low transmission efficiency, ordinary electric top drives have complex structures, and asynchronous direct drive top drives are large in size and weight, none of which can meet the requirements of high efficiency, compactness, and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a top drive assembly and drilling device for drilling, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art and reduce the maintenance cost of the top drive assembly in the drilling device.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0012] The present invention provides a top drive assembly for drilling, comprising a bearing housing, a lubricating oil tank, a braking system and a permanent magnet motor fixedly connected from top to bottom; the lubricating oil tank is used to hold lubricating oil, the oil outlet of the lubricating oil tank is connected to the oil inlet of the lubricating oil pump, and the oil outlet of the lubricating oil pump is connected to the oil inlet of the bearing housing;

[0013] It also includes a main shaft, which is driven to the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor. The main shaft is rotatably engaged with the bearing housing through several bearings. The lubricating oil tank is provided with a hollow part corresponding to the main shaft, through which the main shaft passes. The hollow part is isolated from the internal space of the lubricating oil tank. The main shaft is driven to the brake disc in the braking system. The output shaft of the permanent magnet motor can drive the main shaft to rotate, and the main shaft can drive the brake disc to rotate.

[0014] Preferably, the portion of the main shaft located inside the bearing housing is provided with a first step, a second step, and a third step. The first step is rotatably engaged with the bearing housing via a single-row tapered roller bearing, the second step is rotatably engaged with the bearing housing via a tapered roller thrust bearing, and the third step is rotatably engaged with the bearing housing via a cylindrical roller bearing. The second step is located above the tapered roller thrust bearing and abuts against the tapered roller thrust bearing.

[0015] Preferably, the brake disc is connected to the brake bushing via a torque transmission pin, the brake bushing is sleeved on the main shaft, and the main shaft and the brake bushing are circumferentially connected and axially slidingly fitted.

[0016] Preferably, the middle section of the main shaft is an outward octagonal shaft, and the brake bushing is an inward octagonal bushing, with the brake bushing fitted onto the middle section.

[0017] Preferably, the braking system includes a first mounting base and a brake. The first mounting base is fixedly connected to the housing of the permanent magnet motor, and the brake is fixedly mounted on the first mounting base. The brake is used to brake the brake disc.

[0018] Preferably, the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor is hollow, the main shaft passes through the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor, and the main shaft is circumferentially connected to the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor and axially slidingly fitted.

[0019] Preferably, the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor includes a first inner octagonal bushing, an optical shaft section, and a second inner octagonal shaft section that are coaxially fixed from top to bottom. The output shaft of the permanent magnet motor is sleeved on the main shaft, and the first inner octagonal bushing and the second inner octagonal shaft section are both sleeved on the outer octagonal shaft portion of the main shaft.

[0020] Preferably, it also includes a water inlet structure, which includes a gooseneck pipe and a flushing pipe. One end of the flushing pipe is sealed to the top of the main shaft, and the other end is connected to one end of the gooseneck pipe. The other end of the gooseneck pipe is used to connect to the discharge end of the mud supply pipe.

[0021] Preferably, the bearing housing is hinged with a lifting ring, which is used to engage with the drilling rig hook.

[0022] The present invention also provides a drilling apparatus, including the above-described top drive assembly for drilling.

[0023] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0024] The drilling top drive assembly and drilling device of this invention utilizes a permanent magnet motor for direct drive, eliminating the need for a gear reducer and its associated components requiring regular lubrication and wear monitoring, thus reducing the frequency of downtime due to gear or bearing damage. The overall structure is compact, with fewer parts, resulting in a significantly lower failure rate. The bearing housing, lubrication tank, braking system, and permanent magnet motor are sequentially and fixedly connected, forming a highly integrated modular unit. This design shortens on-site disassembly and assembly time, allowing maintenance personnel to replace major components without specialized tools; the isolated design between the lubrication tank and bearing housing prevents oil contamination and extends bearing life.

[0025] The drilling top drive assembly and drilling device of this invention employs a permanent magnet synchronous motor to directly drive the spindle, eliminating the need for traditional gear reduction mechanisms or hydraulic transmission links, thus significantly improving mechanical transmission efficiency. The permanent magnet motor itself features high power density and low loss characteristics. Combined with the inner and outer octagonal bushing fit design between the spindle and the motor output shaft, lossless torque transmission is achieved, avoiding energy loss in multi-stage transmissions. This high-efficiency transmission reduces energy waste, and the permanent magnet motor generates relatively little heat during operation. The accompanying lubrication tank and pumping system can specifically cool critical bearing components, eliminating the need for complex external cooling devices and further optimizing energy allocation.

[0026] In this invention, the spindle is arranged in a multi-step manner using single-row tapered roller bearings, tapered roller thrust bearings, and cylindrical roller bearings to accommodate both radial and axial load capacities. The brake disc is connected to the spindle via a torque transmission pin and a brake bushing, allowing the brake to gradually release torque during drill bit stalling to prevent the drill bit from rebounding and disengaging. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling apparatus of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling apparatus of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the drilling apparatus of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the drilling top drive assembly of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing housing in the top drive assembly for drilling according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lubricating oil tank in the drilling top drive assembly of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lubricating oil tank in the drilling top drive assembly of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a partial structural diagram of the drilling apparatus of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a partial structural diagram of the braking system in the top drive assembly for drilling according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor shaft of the permanent magnet motor in the top drive assembly for drilling of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 11 for Figure 10 BB section view;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle structure in the top drive assembly for drilling according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a partial structural diagram of the rotary device in the drilling top drive assembly of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a partial structural diagram of the rotary device in the drilling top drive assembly of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0042] Figure 15 This is a partial structural diagram of the rotary device in the drilling top drive assembly of the present invention. Figure 3 ;

[0043] Figure 16 This is a partial structural diagram of the drilling apparatus of the present invention. Figure 3 ;

[0044] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the load-bearing head in the drilling device of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 18 This is a partial structural diagram of the drilling apparatus of the present invention. Figure 4 ;

[0046] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the back clamp structure in the drilling device of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding frame in the drilling apparatus of the present invention;

[0048] In the picture:

[0049] 111. Balance beam; 112. Balance cylinder; 113. Cylinder lug; 114. Lifting ring; 115. Lifting ring pin;

[0050] 121. Gooseneck tube; 122. Flushing tube;

[0051] 13. Bearing housing; 131. Bearing housing cover; 132. Fourth step; 133. Fifth step; 134. Sixth step; 135. Lubricating oil inlet;

[0052] 14. Lubricating oil tank; 141. Liquid level sensor; 142. Air filter; 143. Electric heater;

[0053] 15. Braking system; 151. Brake bushing; 152. Brake disc; 153. Torque transmission pin; 154. Retaining ring; 155. Brake; 156. First mounting bracket;

[0054] 16. Permanent magnet motor; 161. First inner octagonal bushing; 162. Rotor shaft; 163. Second inner octagonal shaft segment;

[0055] 17. Spindle; 171. First step; 172. Second step; 173. Third step; 174. First thread; 175. Intermediate shaft; 176. Male tapered thread; 177. Intermediate section;

[0056] 21. Rotary device; 211. Transition frame; 2111. Base plate; 2112. First ear plate; 212. Second mounting base; 2121. Connecting plate; 2122. Second ear plate; 2123. First lifting lug; 213. Pin;

[0057] 22. Load-bearing head; 221. Load-bearing head body; 222. Stop block; 223. Load-bearing nut; 224. Anti-loosening clamp;

[0058] 23. Internal blowout preventer;

[0059] 24. Tilting device; 241. Tilting cylinder; 242. Lifting ring; 243. Lifting ring clamp;

[0060] 25. Back clamp; 251. Torque beam; 252. Clamp body; 253. Piston; 254. Clamp jaw seat; 255. Guide and straightening device;

[0061] 31. Guide rail; 32. Trolley frame; 33. Roller. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] The purpose of this invention is to provide a top drive assembly and drilling device for drilling, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art and reduce the maintenance cost of the top drive assembly in the drilling device.

[0064] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, this embodiment provides a top drive assembly for drilling, including a bearing housing 13, a lubricating oil tank 14, a braking system 15, and a permanent magnet motor 16, which are connected sequentially from top to bottom by bolts; the lubricating oil tank 14 is used to hold lubricating oil, and the oil outlet of the lubricating oil tank 14 is connected to the oil inlet of the lubricating oil pump, and the oil outlet of the lubricating oil pump is connected to the oil inlet (i.e., lubricating oil inlet 135) of the bearing housing 13;

[0067] It also includes a main shaft 17, which is connected to the output shaft of a permanent magnet motor 16. The main shaft 17 is rotatably coupled to a bearing housing 13 through several bearings. A lubricating oil tank 14 is provided with a hollow part corresponding to the main shaft 17. The main shaft 17 passes through the hollow part, which is isolated from the internal space of the lubricating oil tank 14. The main shaft 17 is connected to the brake disc 152 in the braking system 15. The output shaft of the permanent magnet motor 16 can drive the main shaft 17 to rotate, and the main shaft 17 can drive the brake disc 152 to rotate.

[0068] In the optional embodiments of this example, a preferred embodiment is that the portion of the spindle 17 located inside the bearing housing 13 is provided with a first step 171, a second step 172, and a third step 173. The first step 171 is rotatably engaged with the bearing housing 13 via a single-row tapered roller bearing, the second step 172 is rotatably engaged with the bearing housing 13 via a tapered roller thrust bearing, and the third step 173 is rotatably engaged with the bearing housing 13 via a cylindrical roller bearing. The second step 172 is located above the tapered roller thrust bearing and abuts against the tapered roller thrust bearing.

[0069] The bearing housing 13 is the main load-bearing component of the top drive unit, cast and machined from ZG34CrNiMo material. The bearing housing 13 has a hollow structure with various steps on the inner side suitable for bearing installation. It has slots on both sides with holes for installing the lifting ring pin 115. The bearing housing cover 131 is fixed to the housing body with bolts. Bearings are installed at the fourth step 132, fifth step 133, and sixth step 134 of the bearing housing 13, corresponding to the first step 171, second step 172, and third step 173 of the main shaft 17. A single-row tapered roller bearing is installed at the fourth step 132, a tapered roller thrust bearing at the fifth step 133, and a cylindrical roller bearing at the sixth step 134.

[0070] In this embodiment, the lubricating oil tank 14 is located at the lower end of the bearing housing 13. The lubricating oil tank 14 is machined as a whole from 304 stainless steel or welded from 304 stainless steel sheet. The upper end of the lubricating oil tank 14 is fixedly connected to the bearing housing 13 by bolts. The hollow part in the lubricating oil tank 14 facilitates the passage of the spindle 17. The lubricating oil tank 14 is used to store the lubricating oil for the top drive. The lubricating oil is delivered to the lubricating oil inlet 135 of the top drive bearing housing 13 by the lubricating oil pump in the hydraulic system to lubricate the bearings inside the bearing housing 13. The lubricating oil tank 14 is equipped with a liquid level sensor 141, an electric heater 143, an air filter 142, etc.

[0071] In the optional solutions of this embodiment, the brake disc 152 is connected to the brake bushing 151 through the torque transmission pin 153. The brake bushing 151 is sleeved on the main shaft 17. The main shaft 17 and the brake bushing 151 are circumferentially connected and axially slidingly fitted.

[0072] In the optional solutions of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the middle section 177 of the main shaft 17 is an outward octagonal shaft and the brake bushing 151 is an inward octagonal bushing, with the brake bushing 151 fitted onto the middle section 177.

[0073] In the optional embodiments of this example, the braking system 15 preferably includes a first mounting base 156 and a brake 155. The first mounting base 156 is fixedly connected to the housing of the permanent magnet motor 16, and the brake 155 is fixedly mounted on the first mounting base 156. The brake 155 is used to brake the brake disc 152.

[0074] In this embodiment, the braking system 15 is located between the lubricating oil tank 14 and the permanent magnet motor 16. The braking system 15 includes a brake bushing 151, a brake disc 152, a torque transmission pin 153, a retaining ring 154, a brake 155, and a first mounting base 156. The brake bushing 151 is made of 35CrMo material and has a hollow inner octagonal structure. The main shaft 17 passes through its middle, and the outer octagonal surface of the main shaft 17 mates with the inner octagonal surface of the brake bushing 151. The brake disc 152 is made of 35CrMo material and transmits torque through the torque transmission pin 153 to achieve synchronization with the brake bushing 151. Multiple torque transmission pins 153 can be provided. The torque transmission pin 153 is pressed down by the retaining ring 154 to prevent it from falling off. The retaining ring 154 is fixed to the brake disc 152 by bolts. The brake 155 is an outsourced component. The first mounting base 156 is made of Q345B material and is welded and machined. The brake 155 is bolted to the first mounting base 156, which is then bolted to the housing of the permanent magnet motor 16. The braking function is achieved by controlling the brake pads of the brake 155 with hydraulic pressure provided by a hydraulic system; the braking energy is proportional to the pressure applied by the hydraulic system. When braking stops, the hydraulic system in this circuit simply releases oil. Each brake pad of the brake 155 has an automatic reset function, achieved through its internal spring.

[0075] In the optional solutions of this embodiment, it is more preferred that the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor 16 is hollow, the main shaft 17 passes through the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor 16, and the main shaft 17 is circumferentially connected to the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor 16 and axially slidingly engaged.

[0076] In the optional embodiments of this example, the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor 16 preferably includes a first inner octagonal bushing 161, an optical shaft section, and a second inner octagonal shaft section 163 that are coaxially fixed from top to bottom. The output shaft of the permanent magnet motor 16 is sleeved on the main shaft 17, and the first inner octagonal bushing 161 and the second inner octagonal shaft section 163 are both sleeved on the outer octagonal shaft portion of the main shaft 17.

[0077] In this embodiment, the permanent magnet motor 16 is installed below the braking system 15, and its rotor shaft 162 (i.e., output shaft) is a stepped hollow type. The middle part of the rotor shaft 162 is a smooth shaft, and a first inner octagonal bushing 161 is fixedly installed above the smooth shaft of the rotor shaft 162 of the permanent magnet motor 16. The bottom of the smooth shaft of the rotor shaft 162 is a second inner octagonal shaft segment 163. The first inner octagonal bushing 161 and the second inner octagonal shaft segment 163 are strictly aligned in eight aspects to facilitate the smooth passage of the spindle 17. The first inner octagonal bushing 161 and the second inner octagonal shaft segment 163 cooperate with the outer octagonal aspect of the spindle 17. The rotation of the rotor shaft 162 of the permanent magnet motor 16 drives the first inner octagonal bushing 161 and the second inner octagonal shaft segment 163 to rotate, thereby driving the outer octagonal aspect of the spindle 17 to achieve synchronous rotation, and then driving the drill string to rotate. It is worth noting that in this embodiment, the rotor shaft 162 of the permanent magnet motor 16 only bears the counter torque applied by the drill string and does not bear the longitudinal load of the drill string.

[0078] The permanent magnet motor 16 saves 20-30% more energy than ordinary motors, maintaining high power factor and efficiency even at low load rates. It has minimal impact on the power grid and requires no power compensator. The operating efficiency and power factor of the permanent magnet motor 16 are almost independent of the motor's load rate. Taking full advantage of its high efficiency and power factor, it still achieves an operating efficiency of 0.9 and a power factor of 0.95 at a low load rate of 10%. Its energy-saving and emission-reduction effects, especially under low load conditions, far surpass those of hydraulic drives and asynchronous motors. The permanent magnet motor 16 can output twice its rated torque for short periods, making it suitable for top-drive snap-fit ​​and snap-fit ​​applications.

[0079] In the optional embodiments of this example, the preferred embodiment is that the spindle 17 is the main load-bearing component of the top drive and is forged from 40CrNi2MoA material. The threaded portion of the spindle 17 is phosphated. The spindle 17 is hollow, and its main part (i.e., the middle section 177) is octagonal in shape. The spindle 17 passes through the bearing housing 13, the lubrication oil tank 14, the brake system 15, and the permanent magnet motor 16 from top to bottom. The lowermost end of the spindle 17 has a male tapered thread 176 for connection with the female tapered thread of the internal blowout preventer 23.

[0080] In the optional solutions of this embodiment, a more preferred option is to include a water inlet structure, which is fixedly connected to the bearing housing 13 by bolts. The water inlet structure includes a gooseneck tube 121 and a flushing tube 122. One end of the flushing tube 122 is sealed to the top end of the spindle 17, and the other end is connected to one end of the gooseneck tube 121. The other end of the gooseneck tube 121 is used to connect to the discharge end of the mud supply pipe. The gooseneck tube 121 is the water inlet channel for high-pressure mud during top drive drilling and is threadedly sealed to the flushing tube 122. The flushing tube 122 is installed in a faucet or top drive device, specifically connecting the stationary gooseneck tube 121 and the rotating spindle 17 (i.e., the center tube).

[0081] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, the preferred embodiment has a lifting ring 114 hinged to the bearing housing 13. The lifting ring 114 is used to hook with the drilling rig hook. The two lifting lugs of the lifting ring 114 are respectively hinged to the two ends of the bearing housing 13 through the lifting ring pin 115. The lifting ring 114 is an important load-bearing component of the top drive device. During drilling, it is connected to the drilling rig hook. The hook pulls the upper part of the lifting ring 114, thereby driving the entire top drive device to move up and down along the guide device, bearing the entire weight of the top drive, and preventing the threads from being damaged when the top drive protection connector is engaged / disengaged. When disengaging, it can help the male connector to pop out of the female connector. The lifting ring 114 is mainly forged from 40CrNiMoA material and then partially re-machined and heat-treated (240-285)HBW10 / 3000. After machining, the two lifting lug positions of the lifting ring 114 were ultrasonically tested using direct wave according to ASTM A 388 and ASTM E 428, and the direct wave calibration was performed using the distance amplitude curve of a flat-bottomed hole ≤Ø3.2mm. At the same time, the two lifting lugs and the top of the lifting ring 114 were tested using wet fluorescent magnetic particle according to ASTM E709; the lifting ring pin 115 was forged from 40CrNiMoA material and then partially remachined.

[0082] Furthermore, this embodiment also includes a lifting ring 114 balancing system, which comprises a balance beam 111, two balance cylinders 112, and two cylinder lugs 113. The balance cylinders 112 and cylinder lugs 113 correspond one-to-one. The balance beam 111 spans the upper part of the lifting ring 114, the two balance cylinders 112 are located on both sides of the lifting ring 114, and the two cylinder lugs 113 are fixed to the lifting ring 114 with screws. The rodless chamber of the balance cylinder 112 is connected to the corresponding cylinder lug 113 via a pin, and the cylinder rod of the balance cylinder 112 is connected to the balance beam 111 via a pin. The main function of the balance cylinder 112 is to balance the weight of the top drive body. The lifting ring 114 balancing system adopts a dual hydraulic cylinder balancing method, making the top drive system safer and more reliable during operation.

[0083] In this embodiment, during the use of the drilling top drive assembly, the rotor shaft 162 of the permanent magnet motor 16, i.e., the output shaft, only bears the counter-torque applied by the drill string and does not bear the longitudinal drill string load. The drill string load is transmitted to the bearing housing 13 by the spindle 17, which reduces the longitudinal load on the permanent magnet motor 16 during operation and improves the service life of the permanent magnet motor 16. Moreover, during operation, the bearings in the bearing housing 13 can be directly lubricated by the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil tank 14, which is convenient to use. When maintenance is required, the bearing housing 13, the lubricating oil tank 14, the brake system 15, and the permanent magnet motor 16 can be easily disassembled, reducing maintenance costs.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] like Figures 1 to 20As shown, this embodiment provides a drilling apparatus, including the top drive assembly for drilling as described in Embodiment 1, and also includes a pipe handling unit, a guiding device, a hydraulic system, and an electrical control unit;

[0086] The pipe handling unit includes a rotary device 21, a load-bearing head 22, an internal blowout preventer 23, a tilting device 24, and a back clamp 25.

[0087] In the optional embodiments of this example, the preferred method is that the rotating device 21 includes a transition frame 211, a second mounting base 212, and a pin 213. The transition frame 211 is welded from Q345B material, and the second mounting base 212 is welded from Q345B steel plate. The second mounting base 212 is bolted to the rear end of the load-bearing head body 221. The base plate 2111 of the transition frame 211 is bolted to the lower bracket of the permanent magnet motor 16. The first ear plate 2112 of the transition frame 211 has several through holes, and the first ear plate 2112 of the transition frame 211 has two parts, upper and lower, which cooperate with the through holes of the connecting plate 2121 on the second mounting base 212 through the pin 213. After removing pin 213, the load-bearing head 22, tilting device 24, and back clamp 25 can be rotated within a certain angle by manual drive. After the upper and lower holes of the first ear plate 2112 and the connecting plate 2121 are aligned, inserting pin 213 can fix them at different angles to adapt to gripping drill tools in different positions. When the drill pipe chuck lifts the drill pipe, it can ensure that the lifting ring 242 rotates at a certain angle to help the drill pipe chuck grip the vertical support on the drilling tower. The first lifting lug 2123 is used to suspend the hydraulic cylinder of the tilting device 24.

[0088] The load-bearing head 22 is the main load-bearing structure of the top drive device. In this embodiment, the load-bearing head 22 includes a load-bearing head body 221, a stop block 222, a load-bearing nut 223, and an anti-loosening clamp 224. The load-bearing head body 221 is a hollow structure with multiple steps. The upper and lower steps are used to install a thrust self-aligning roller bearing that mates with the main shaft 17. There are two stops 222, which are fixed to the load-bearing head body 221 by bolts. The lifting lugs on both sides of the load-bearing head 22 are used to suspend the lifting ring 242, and the stops 222 are used to prevent the lifting ring 242 from falling off. The load-bearing nut 223 is located at the lower end of the load-bearing head body 221, abutting against the thrust self-aligning roller bearing. The load-bearing nut 223 is connected to the first thread 174 on the main shaft 17. The anti-loosening clamp 224 is in the form of two semicircles, which are locked at the first thread 174 and the intermediate optical shaft 175 of the main shaft 17, and are connected to the load-bearing nut 223 by bolts. The load-bearing head 22 can rotate as a whole, but cannot move up or down.

[0089] The load-bearing head body 221 is cast and machined from ZG34CrNiMo material. The casting material conforms to the requirements of JB / T6402 "Large Low Alloy Steel Castings", and other casting materials with equivalent properties are permitted. Test bars cast in the same furnace undergo mechanical property testing according to ASTM A370 standard. The final mechanical properties are: Rm≥765MPa, ReL≥650MPa, A≥12%, Z≥30%, KV8 (-20℃)≥42J (average value), ≥32J (single value). After rough machining, the illustrated areas are tested with magnetic particle inspection according to ASTM E709. Key areas undergo ultrasonic testing using a longitudinal wave straight probe. The load-bearing nut 223 is forged from 35CrMo material. Forging materials shall comply with the requirements of GB / T17107 "Grades and Mechanical Properties of Structural Steel for Forgings" and forgings shall comply with the requirements of JB / T5000.8 "General Technical Conditions for Heavy Machinery - Forgings" and be inspected as Grade IV forgings; quench and temper treatment (241~276) HBW10 / 3000; after machining, the whole piece shall be ultrasonically tested with direct wave according to ASTM A388 and ASTM E428; and the whole piece shall undergo QPQ treatment.

[0090] In this embodiment, the function of the internal blowout preventer 23 is to prevent well kicks or blowouts by closing the internal blowout preventer 23 to cut off the internal passage of the drill string when the well pressure is higher than the drill string pressure. The internal blowout preventer 23 is installed between the protective connector and the spindle 17, and consists of an upper remote-controlled internal blowout preventer and a lower manual internal blowout preventer. (The remote-controlled and manual internal blowout preventers have the same design structure.) The upper remote-controlled internal blowout preventer connects to the top drive spindle 17, and the lower manual blowout preventer connects to the protective connector. During drilling, the protective connector connects to the drill pipe. The internal and external threads of the internal blowout preventer 23 are both 6 5 / 8 REG. The 2.3 thread of the internal blowout preventer 23 connects to the male tapered thread 176 of the spindle 17. The internal blowout preventer 23 is a standard part and is outsourced.

[0091] In the optional embodiments of this example, a preferred embodiment is that the tilting device 24 includes a tilting cylinder 241, a lifting ring 242, and a lifting ring clamp 243. The rodless chamber of the tilting cylinder 241 is connected to the first lifting lug 2123 via a spherical bearing, and the other end of the tilting cylinder 241 is fixed to the lower part of the lifting ring 242 via the lifting ring clamp 243. The tilting of the lifting ring 242 is controlled by a hydraulic system to drive the tilting cylinder 241, which can easily swing to lift and lower the drill rod inside the mouse hole and on the second-level platform.

[0092] In the optional embodiments of this example, a preferred embodiment includes a back clamp 25 comprising a torque beam 251, a clamp body 252, a piston 253, clamp teeth and clamp seat 254, and a guide and straightening device 255. When the back clamp 25 clamps, oil enters the rodless chamber of the piston 253, pushing the piston 253 to move towards the center. The clamp teeth and clamp seat 254 clamp the drill string, cooperating with the rotation of the spindle 17 to complete the on / off action. The torque beam 251 is connected to the top drive body bearing head 22 to bear the counter-torque. The guide and straightening device 255 is flared, allowing the drill string to smoothly enter the back clamp 25.

[0093] In the optional embodiments of this invention, a preferred guide device includes a guide rail 31, a trolley frame 32, and rollers 33. The guide rail 31 is primarily made of Q345B steel plate and welded together, its main function being to withstand the counter-torque during top drive operation. The trolley frame 32 is also primarily made of Q345B steel plate and welded together, and is fixedly connected to the permanent magnet motor 16 by bolts. There are two trolley frames 32, located on the left and right sides of the permanent magnet motor 16, respectively. The rollers 33 are fixed to the trolley frame 32 by bolts and can rotate freely via bearings fixed to the bolts. The rollers 33 pass through the guide rail 31 and slide in cooperation with it, sliding up and down with the top drive assembly to transmit torque to the guide rail 31. The guide rail 31 is fixedly connected to the drilling rig derrick, and the torque is transmitted to the derrick end.

[0094] The hydraulic system is an important component of the top drive unit. It is used to realize various functions such as clamping and loosening of the back clamp 25, tilting and floating of the lifting ring 242, opening and closing of the internal blowout preventer, braking and loosening of the main motor, and lubrication of the main components of the top drive. In addition to the rotation motor drive of the spindle 17, other functions such as upper and lower unhooking, tilting and rotating of the lifting ring 242, opening and closing of the internal blowout preventer, braking of the main motor, and main body weight balance are all realized by hydraulic transmission control. The hydraulic system includes: (1) hydraulic pump station; (2) hydraulic valve group (on the top drive body); (3) actuators (balance cylinder 112, brake cylinder, back clamp 25 cylinder, tilting cylinder 241); (4) lubrication system; (5) hydraulic pipelines; (6) hydraulic accessories, etc.

[0095] The electrical control unit provides the driller with a control console, through which various drilling parameters of the top drive drilling device can be detected, displayed and controlled. The control console contains a programmable controller for logic and alarm function switching. The control console can be installed in the driller's cabin and connected to the driller's platform of the drilling rig to realize the linkage logic function of the top drive and the winch. It can also share a variable frequency control system with the independently driven rotary table.

[0096] The electrical control unit (ECU), as the integrated control system of the permanent magnet direct-drive top drive, uses the permanent magnet motor 16 and the hydraulic system as the controlled objects to realize functions such as top drive drilling, top and bottom coupling, and positioning and stopping. Based on process automation, the ECU employs a Siemens control system, from sensors and actuators to controllers, to achieve data acquisition, processing, and output control; equipment and status monitoring; alarm monitoring; real-time data processing and display; remote communication; and historical data management. The sensors in the ECU are mainly distributed in the top drive motor and the top drive hydraulic lubrication system, while the control components are mainly concentrated in the top drive electrical control room and the top drive driller's platform.

[0097] The electrical control room primarily controls the start / stop and setpoint operation of the top drive motor under different working conditions. It also handles interlocking between the top drive motor and the lubrication pump motor, the top drive motor and its cooling fan, and the top drive motor and disc brake; the start / stop of the hydraulic pump and lubrication pump; the automatic start / stop of the hydraulic pump and lubrication pump cooling fan; the automatic start / stop of the heater; and feedback of parameters such as oil tank temperature, level, flow rate, and oil pressure. The direct-drive top drive system retains the drilling, turning, and torque operating conditions of traditional top drives and provides relevant parameter monitoring functions. Simultaneously, the electrical control unit provides real-time database forwarding functionality based on ODBC, facilitating the management and monitoring platform's access to its own platform database, laying the foundation for future information technology integration of the direct-drive top drive equipment.

[0098] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A top drive assembly for drilling, characterized in that: It includes a bearing housing, a lubricating oil tank, a braking system, and a permanent magnet motor, which are fixedly connected from top to bottom; the lubricating oil tank is used to hold lubricating oil, the oil outlet of the lubricating oil tank is connected to the oil inlet of the lubricating oil pump, and the oil outlet of the lubricating oil pump is connected to the oil inlet of the bearing housing; It also includes a main shaft, which is driven to the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor. The main shaft is rotatably engaged with the bearing housing through several bearings. The lubricating oil tank is provided with a hollow part corresponding to the main shaft. The main shaft passes through the hollow part. The hollow part is isolated from the internal space of the lubricating oil tank. The main shaft is driven to the brake disc in the braking system. The output shaft of the permanent magnet motor can drive the main shaft to rotate. The main shaft can drive the brake disc to rotate. The output shaft of the permanent magnet motor is hollow, and the main shaft passes through the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor. The main shaft is circumferentially connected to the output shaft of the permanent magnet motor and axially slidingly fitted. The output shaft of the permanent magnet motor includes a first inner octagonal bushing, a light shaft section, and a second inner octagonal shaft section that are coaxially fixed from top to bottom. The output shaft of the permanent magnet motor is sleeved on the main shaft, and the first inner octagonal bushing and the second inner octagonal shaft section are both sleeved on the outer octagonal shaft portion of the main shaft.

2. The drilling top drive assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The portion of the main shaft located inside the bearing housing is provided with a first step, a second step, and a third step. The first step is rotatably engaged with the bearing housing via a single-row tapered roller bearing. The second step is rotatably engaged with the bearing housing via a tapered roller thrust bearing. The third step is rotatably engaged with the bearing housing via a cylindrical roller bearing. The second step is located above the tapered roller thrust bearing and abuts against the tapered roller thrust bearing.

3. The drilling top drive assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brake disc is connected to the brake bushing via a torque transmission pin. The brake bushing is fitted onto the main shaft. The main shaft and the brake bushing are circumferentially connected and axially slidingly fitted.

4. The drilling top drive assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The middle section of the main shaft is an outward octagonal shaft, and the brake bushing is an inward octagonal bushing, which is fitted onto the middle section.

5. The drilling top drive assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The braking system includes a first mounting base and a brake. The first mounting base is fixedly connected to the housing of the permanent magnet motor, and the brake is fixedly mounted on the first mounting base. The brake is used to brake the brake disc.

6. The drilling top drive assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a water inlet structure, which includes a gooseneck pipe and a flushing pipe. One end of the flushing pipe is sealed to the top of the main shaft, and the other end is connected to one end of the gooseneck pipe. The other end of the gooseneck pipe is used to connect to the discharge end of the mud supply pipe.

7. The drilling top drive assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bearing housing is hinged with a lifting ring, which is used to engage with the drilling rig hook.

8. A drilling apparatus, characterized in that: Includes the drilling top drive assembly as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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