Shield simulation steel sleeve construction equipment and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of shield tunnels, and particularly relates to shield simulation steel sleeve construction equipment and method.The shield simulation steel sleeve construction equipment comprises a splicable steel sleeve body, a sealing system, a simulation propelling system, an environmental load simulation system, a data acquisition and analysis system and an automatic control system, and the steel sleeve body is provided with a high-precision sensor; the sealing system is provided with five layers of combined sealing devices; the simulation propulsion system comprises a synchronous propulsion oil cylinder; the environment load simulation system can simulate house load, vehicle vibration and the like; the data acquisition and analysis system acquires various types of parameters; and the automatic control system can automatically adjust parameters of each system. According to the method, simulation is achieved by assembling the model, setting three scenes, collecting and processing data, building an association model, optimizing parameters and setting an early warning threshold value, the complex environment can be accurately simulated, construction safety is guaranteed, and efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of shield tunnel technology, specifically relating to shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment and methods. Background Technology

[0002] In urban underground engineering construction, shield tunneling with steel sleeves often takes place in complex urban environments, surrounded by numerous buildings, roads, and underground pipelines. External environmental loads, such as building weight, vehicle traffic, and construction machinery operation, significantly impact shield tunneling safety and the stability of the steel sleeve structure. Existing technologies for simulating the shield tunneling process do not consider the influence of external environmental loads, failing to accurately reflect the construction conditions in complex urban environments. Furthermore, there is a lack of systematic research on the interaction between external factors such as building loads and vehicle vibrations and shield tunneling, making it difficult to predict potential risks during steel sleeve construction in complex environments and leading to safety accidents during construction. Therefore, an improved design and method for simulating shield tunneling with steel sleeves has been developed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned shortcomings in the existing technology, this invention provides a shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment and method to solve the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] The shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment includes:

[0006] The main body of the modular steel sleeve is assembled from multiple arc-shaped steel components. Multiple high-precision pressure sensors are evenly arranged along the axis on its inner wall, and multiple three-dimensional displacement sensors are evenly installed along the axis on its outer wall.

[0007] Sealing system: A set of combined sealing devices is installed at the front and rear ends of the splicable steel sleeve body, and a hydraulic control unit for controlling the sealing pressure is also included;

[0008] Simulated propulsion system: includes multiple sets of synchronous propulsion cylinders, cutterhead drive system, geological simulation module and grouting simulation unit. The cutterhead drive system is used to drive the blades to cut the simulated soil layer. The geological simulation module is equipped with multiple zone control units for zoned control of earth pressure loading.

[0009] Environmental load simulation system: including building load simulation unit, vehicle vibration simulation unit and dynamic external load application device;

[0010] Data acquisition and analysis system: includes a data acquisition module, a synchronization clock module, a data processing module, a multi-parameter correlation analysis module, and a 3D visualization module;

[0011] Automatic control system: It is equipped with a human-machine interface that can display real-time curves and three-dimensional models. It can automatically adjust the working parameters of the sealing system, simulated propulsion system and environmental load simulation system based on feedback from the data acquisition and analysis system.

[0012] Preferably, the combined sealing device includes a first layer of polyurethane as the main seal, a second layer of nitrile rubber as the auxiliary seal, a third layer of metal skeleton support ring, a fourth layer of polytetrafluoroethylene guide ring, and a fifth layer of emergency sealing airbag.

[0013] Preferably, the building load simulation unit adopts a matrix loading device, which can simulate loads according to different building foundation types; the vehicle vibration simulation unit adopts an exciter with built-in multiple vehicle vibration spectrum models; and the dynamic external load application device adopts multiple moving loading trolleys.

[0014] Preferably, the environmental load simulation system can simulate loads under low-interference residential scenarios, high-vibration traffic scenarios, and highly dynamic construction scenarios.

[0015] Preferably, the data collected by the data acquisition module includes the pressure values ​​at each loading point of the building load and the corresponding time series, the vibration frequency, amplitude and excitation force of the vehicle vibration, and the load size, coordinate position and moving speed of the dynamic load.

[0016] Preferably, the automatic control system can adjust the sealing pressure in real time according to the established instantaneous total external load model, where the model is F. total =k1×F h (t)+k2×F vrms (t)+k3×I d (t), where k1, k2, and k3 are site coefficients, corresponding to the action coefficients on the steel sleeve under pure building load, pure vehicle vibration, and pure dynamic load, respectively. The sealing pressure adjustment model is P. s_n =P seal +k p ×(F total ÷F0-1)+k i ×∫(δ r -δ0)dt, where F0 is the design reference load, δ0 is the allowable radial deformation value, and k p ,k i These are the proportional coefficient and the integral coefficient, respectively, k p ,k i The method of engineering tuning is used to determine it.

[0017] Preferably, the automatic control system can adjust the cutterhead torque in real time according to the established instantaneous total external load model. The correlation model between the cutterhead torque and the external load is: T c_n =T c×[1+α×(F total ÷F0)+β(σ s ÷σ0)], where σ s Let σ0 be the average stress of the steel sleeve, σ0 be the design stress, and α and β be correction factors, which are obtained by fixing σ0. s ÷σ0, change F total ÷F0 measures the change in torque, and the change σ s ÷σ0, fixed F total ÷F0, measure the torque change, and obtain α,β by establishing a regression equation and fitting it using the least squares method.

[0018] A method for constructing a simulated steel sleeve tunnel boring machine, using the simulated steel sleeve tunnel boring machine construction equipment according to any one of claims 1-7, includes the following steps:

[0019] S1: Assemble the steel sleeve model according to the scale to simulate the tunneling project of a shield machine with a diameter of 10m. Set up an environmental load simulation system around the steel sleeve and calibrate all sensors.

[0020] S2: Set up three typical construction environments: low-disruption residential scenario, high-vibration traffic scenario, and strong dynamic construction scenario, and determine the building load, vehicle vibration, and dynamic load parameters under each scenario.

[0021] S3: Set initial simulation construction parameters;

[0022] S4: Synchronously start all systems and collect key parameters through the data acquisition system;

[0023] S5: Process the collected data, calculate the total force on the steel sleeve under external load, analyze the force relationship of the steel sleeve under external load, and establish a correlation model between the cutter head torque and the external load.

[0024] S6: The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the coupling effect of external load and shield construction parameters on the performance of steel sleeve, and external load-steel sleeve deformation model, sealing pressure-external load-sealing effect model and propulsion force-torque-external load model were established.

[0025] S7: The construction parameters are optimized using a genetic algorithm. The optimization objectives are to minimize the deformation of the steel sleeve, minimize the sealing pressure loss, and maximize the propulsion efficiency. The constraints are that the deformation of the steel sleeve is less than 10 mm, the sealing pressure loss is less than 0.2 MPa, and the cutterhead torque is less than 400 kN·m. The optimization parameters are determined for different scenarios.

[0026] S8: Set early warning thresholds based on simulation data. Level 1 early warning is when the steel sleeve deformation is greater than 8mm or the sealing pressure loss is greater than 0.15MPa; Level 2 early warning is when the steel sleeve deformation is greater than 10mm or the sealing pressure loss is greater than 0.2MPa; Level 3 early warning is when the steel sleeve deformation is greater than 12mm or the sealing pressure loss is greater than 0.3MPa. Adjust the pressure of each sealing layer according to the pressure change in the sealing cavity.

[0027] Preferably, the external load-steel sleeve deformation model in step S6 is as follows:

[0028] δ r =a1×F h +a2×A v ×f v +a3×F d +a4×P s +ε1,δ r The deformation of the steel sleeve, a1, a2, a3, a4, is obtained through a linear regression equation; the sealing pressure-external load-sealing effect model is as follows:

[0029] P c_l =b1×(F total -F0)-b2×(P seal -P seal0 )+b3×n c +ε2,P c_l P represents the pressure in the sealed cavity. seal0 The design reference pressure is obtained by fitting the values ​​of b1, b2, and b3 using the response surface methodology combined with experimental data.

[0030] Preferably, the specific method for adjusting the pressure of each sealing layer in step S8 is as follows: the adjustment formula for the first layer of polyurethane main seal is: P seal 1 = 0.6 × (F) total ÷F0), the adjustment formula for the second layer of nitrile rubber auxiliary seal is: P seal 2 = 0.375 × 1.1 × (F) total ÷F0), the adjustment formula for the fourth layer of polytetrafluoroethylene guide ring is: P seal 4 = 0.225 × (F) total ÷F0), the fifth layer of emergency airbag, when the air pressure decrease in the sealed cavity is greater than 0.15MPa, the pressure increase is 0.5MPa, and when the air pressure decrease in the sealed cavity is greater than 0.2MPa, the increase is 1.0MPa.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0032] 1. By setting up a building load simulation unit, a vehicle vibration simulation unit, and a dynamic external load application device, complex external environments can be applied to the simulation environment through loading. Three typical cases are set to simulate different scenarios in real-world construction environments. The data acquisition module collects pressure values ​​and corresponding time series at each loading point of the building load, vibration frequency, amplitude, and excitation force of vehicle vibrations, as well as the load magnitude, coordinate position, and moving speed of the dynamic loads, and the pressure distribution, radial deformation, and axial displacement of the inner wall of the steel sleeve, the cutterhead torque and rotational speed, the pressure and extension of the propulsion cylinder, and the sealing pressure of each layer. The system analyzes the soil and structural responses, including sealing cavity pressure, grouting pressure, and flow rate. Using an instantaneous external total load model and a sealing pressure adjustment model, the sealing pressure of each sealing layer is adjusted in real time based on the instantaneous external total load. Furthermore, based on an established cutterhead torque correlation model, the cutterhead torque is adjusted in real time based on the instantaneous external total load and the stress on the inner wall of the steel casing. By incorporating external environmental loads into the simulation environment and analyzing the interaction between building loads, vehicle vibrations, dynamic loads, and shield tunneling construction, the system effectively predicts potential risks in steel casing construction under complex environments, thus preventing safety accidents during actual construction.

[0033] 2. The coupling influence of external loads and shield tunneling parameters on the performance of the steel sleeve was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. Three models were established: external load-steel sleeve deformation model, sealing pressure-external load-sealing effect model, and propulsion force-torque-external load model. The external load-steel sleeve deformation model clarified the impact of each change in building load, vibration energy, dynamic load, and inner wall pressure on the radial deformation of the steel sleeve. The sealing pressure-external load-sealing effect model quantified the relationship between external load, sealing pressure, cutterhead rotation speed, and sealing cavity pressure loss. The propulsion force-torque-external load model quantified the impact of external loads on propulsion force and cutterhead torque. Then, a genetic algorithm was used to optimize the steel sleeve by minimizing deformation, minimizing sealing pressure loss, and maximizing propulsion efficiency. Constraints were set at steel sleeve deformation less than 10 mm, sealing cavity pressure loss less than 0.2 MPa, and cutterhead torque less than 400 kN·m. Parameter optimization was performed for three typical construction environments to ensure improved construction efficiency and quality while maintaining construction safety.

[0034] 3. By observing the deformation of the steel sleeve, a three-level warning threshold is set. A level one warning is triggered when the steel sleeve deformation exceeds 8mm or the sealing pressure loss exceeds 0.15MPa; a level two warning is triggered when the steel sleeve deformation exceeds 10mm or the sealing pressure loss exceeds 0.2MPa; and a level three warning is triggered when the steel sleeve deformation exceeds 12mm or the sealing pressure loss exceeds 0.3MPa. The higher the warning level, the greater the surface hazard. The pressure of each sealing layer is adjusted according to different warning levels. The first main sealing layer is designed at 40% of the initial set sealing cavity pressure; the second auxiliary sealing layer is set at 25% of the initial set sealing cavity pressure; the fourth sealing layer is set at 15% of the initial set sealing cavity pressure; and the fifth emergency sealing airbag is set at 20% of the initial set sealing cavity pressure. Under changes in the total external pressure, the pressure is dynamically adjusted by dividing the total pressure by the design pressure value and then multiplying it by the initial set pressures of the first, second, and fourth layers. The fifth emergency sealing airbag is adjusted according to the level one, level two, and level three warning thresholds to ensure the reliability of the seal and avoid construction safety problems caused by seal failure. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the simulated three-dimensional structure of the shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the high-precision pressure sensor of the shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional displacement sensor structure of the shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the vibrator in an embodiment of the shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 Flowchart of the simulated steel sleeve construction method for tunnel boring machines;

[0040] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Steel sleeve body; 2. Data acquisition and analysis system; 3. Automatic control system; 4. Simulated propulsion system; 7. Building load simulation unit; 8. Dynamic external load application device; 9. Three-dimensional displacement sensor; 10. Vibrator; 11. High-precision pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0042] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual images. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0043] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" or similar designation indicating a connection between components should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0045] Example 1:

[0046] like Figure 1 The shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment and method shown in the invention include...

[0047] The main body 1 of the modular steel sleeve is assembled from multiple arc-shaped steel components. Multiple high-precision pressure sensors 11 are evenly arranged along the axis on its inner wall, and multiple three-dimensional displacement sensors 9 are evenly installed along the axis on its outer wall.

[0048] Sealing system: A set of combined sealing devices is installed at the front and rear ends of the splicable steel sleeve body 1, and a hydraulic control unit for controlling the sealing pressure is also included;

[0049] Simulation propulsion system 4: includes multiple sets of synchronous propulsion cylinders, cutterhead drive system, geological simulation module and grouting simulation unit. The cutterhead drive system is used to drive the blades to cut the simulated soil layer. The geological simulation module is equipped with multiple zone control units for zoned control of earth pressure loading.

[0050] Environmental load simulation system: including building load simulation unit 7, vehicle vibration simulation unit and dynamic external load application device 8;

[0051] Data Acquisition and Analysis System 2: Includes a data acquisition module, a synchronization clock module, a data processing module, a multi-parameter correlation analysis module, and a 3D visualization module;

[0052] Automatic control system 3: It is equipped with a human-machine interface that can display real-time curves and three-dimensional models. It can automatically adjust the working parameters of the sealing system, the simulated propulsion system 4 and the environmental load simulation system based on the feedback from the data acquisition and analysis system 2.

[0053] The combined sealing device includes a first layer of polyurethane as the main seal, a second layer of nitrile rubber as the auxiliary seal, a third layer of metal skeleton support ring, a fourth layer of polytetrafluoroethylene guide ring, and a fifth layer of emergency sealing airbag.

[0054] The building load simulation unit 7 adopts a matrix loading device, which can simulate loads according to different building foundation types. The vehicle vibration simulation unit adopts an exciter 10 with built-in multiple vehicle vibration spectrum models. The dynamic external load application device 8 adopts multiple moving loading trolleys.

[0055] The environmental load simulation system can simulate loads under low-distance residential scenarios, high-vibration traffic scenarios, and highly dynamic construction scenarios.

[0056] The data collected by the data acquisition module includes the pressure values ​​and corresponding time series of each loading point of the building load, the vibration frequency, amplitude and excitation force of the vehicle vibration, and the load size, coordinate position and moving speed of the dynamic load.

[0057] The automatic control system 3 can adjust the sealing pressure in real time according to the established instantaneous external total load model, where the model is F. total =k1×F h (t)+k2×F vrms (t)+k3×I d (t), where k1, k2, and k3 are site coefficients, corresponding to the action coefficients on the steel sleeve under pure building load, pure vehicle vibration, and pure dynamic load, respectively. The sealing pressure adjustment model is P. s_n =P seal +k p ×(F total ÷F0-1)+k i ×∫(δ r -δ0)dt, where F0 is the design reference load, δ0 is the allowable radial deformation value, and k p ,k i These are the proportional coefficient and the integral coefficient, respectively, k p ,ki The method of engineering tuning is used to determine it.

[0058] The automatic control system 3 can adjust the cutterhead torque in real time according to the established instantaneous external total load model. The correlation model between the cutterhead torque and the external load is: T c_n =T c ×[1+α×(F total ÷F0)+β(σ s ÷σ0)], where σ s Let σ0 be the average stress of the steel sleeve, σ0 be the design stress, and α and β be correction factors, which are obtained by fixing σ0. s ÷σ0, change F total ÷F0 measures the change in torque, and the change σ s ÷σ0, fixed F total ÷F0, measure the torque change, and obtain α,β by establishing a regression equation and fitting it using the least squares method.

[0059] A method for constructing a simulated steel sleeve tunnel boring machine, using the simulated steel sleeve tunnel boring machine construction equipment according to any one of claims 1-7, includes the following steps:

[0060] S1: Assemble the steel sleeve model according to the scale to simulate the tunneling project of a shield machine with a diameter of 10m. Set up an environmental load simulation system around the steel sleeve and calibrate all sensors.

[0061] S2: Set up three typical construction environments: low-disruption residential scenario, high-vibration traffic scenario, and strong dynamic construction scenario, and determine the building load, vehicle vibration, and dynamic load parameters under each scenario.

[0062] S3: Set initial simulation construction parameters;

[0063] S4: Synchronously start all systems and collect key parameters through the data acquisition system;

[0064] S5: Process the collected data, calculate the total force on the steel sleeve under external load, analyze the force relationship of the steel sleeve under external load, and establish a correlation model between the cutter head torque and the external load.

[0065] S6: The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the coupling effect of external load and shield construction parameters on the performance of steel sleeve, and external load-steel sleeve deformation model, sealing pressure-external load-sealing effect model and propulsion force-torque-external load model were established.

[0066] S7: The construction parameters are optimized using a genetic algorithm. The optimization objectives are to minimize the deformation of the steel sleeve, minimize the sealing pressure loss, and maximize the propulsion efficiency. The constraints are that the deformation of the steel sleeve is less than 10 mm, the sealing pressure loss is less than 0.2 MPa, and the cutterhead torque is less than 400 kN·m. The optimization parameters are determined for different scenarios.

[0067] S8: Set early warning thresholds based on simulation data. Level 1 early warning is when the steel sleeve deformation is greater than 8mm or the sealing pressure loss is greater than 0.15MPa; Level 2 early warning is when the steel sleeve deformation is greater than 10mm or the sealing pressure loss is greater than 0.2MPa; Level 3 early warning is when the steel sleeve deformation is greater than 12mm or the sealing pressure loss is greater than 0.3MPa. Adjust the pressure of each sealing layer according to the pressure change in the sealing cavity.

[0068] The external load – steel sleeve deformation model in step S6 is as follows:

[0069] δ r =a1×F h +a2×A v ×f v +a3×F d +a4×P s +ε1,δ r The deformation of the steel sleeve, a1, a2, a3, a4, is obtained through a linear regression equation; the sealing pressure-external load-sealing effect model is as follows:

[0070] P c_l =b1×(F total -F0)-b2×(P seal -P seal0 )+b3×n c +ε2,P c_l P represents the pressure in the sealed cavity. seal0 The design reference pressure is obtained by fitting the values ​​of b1, b2, and b3 using the response surface methodology combined with experimental data.

[0071] The specific method for adjusting the pressure of each sealing layer in step S8 is as follows: The adjustment formula for the first layer of polyurethane main seal is: P seal 1 = 0.6 × (F) total ÷F0), the adjustment formula for the second layer of nitrile rubber auxiliary seal is: P seal 2 = 0.375 × 1.1 × (F) total ÷F0), the adjustment formula for the fourth layer of polytetrafluoroethylene guide ring is: P seal 4 = 0.225 × (F) total ÷F0), the fifth layer of emergency airbag, when the air pressure decrease in the sealed cavity is greater than 0.15MPa, the pressure increase is 0.5MPa, and when the air pressure decrease in the sealed cavity is greater than 0.2MPa, the increase is 1.0MPa.

[0072] Example 2:

[0073] The main body 1 of the modular steel sleeve is assembled from multiple arc-shaped steel components. Multiple high-precision pressure sensors 11 are arranged on its inner wall, and multiple three-dimensional displacement sensors 9 are installed on its outer wall. The high-precision pressure sensors 11 and the three-dimensional displacement sensors 9 are evenly arranged along the axis.

[0074] Sealing system: A set of combined sealing devices is set at the front and rear ends of the splicable steel sleeve body 1. The combined sealing device includes a first layer of polyurethane main seal, a second layer of nitrile rubber auxiliary seal, a third layer of metal skeleton support ring, a fourth layer of polytetrafluoroethylene guide ring and a fifth layer of emergency sealing airbag. At the same time, the sealing pressure is controlled by a hydraulic control unit.

[0075] Simulated propulsion system 4: It uses multiple sets of synchronous propulsion cylinders for propulsion, and also includes a cutterhead drive system, a geological simulation module and a grouting simulation unit. The cutterhead drive system is used to drive the blades to cut the simulated soil layer. The geological simulation module is equipped with multiple zone control units, which are used to control the soil pressure loading in zones to carry out grouting work.

[0076] Environmental load simulation system: includes building load simulation unit 7, vehicle vibration simulation unit and dynamic external load application device 8. The building load simulation device adopts a matrix loading device, which can simulate loads according to different building foundation types. The vehicle vibration simulation unit adopts exciter 10, which has built-in multiple vehicle vibration spectrum models. The dynamic external load application device 8 uses multiple moving loading trolleys to apply construction loads.

[0077] Data Acquisition and Analysis System 2: Includes a data acquisition module, a synchronization clock module, a data processing module, a multi-parameter correlation analysis module, and a 3D visualization module;

[0078] Automatic control system 3: It adopts a PLC system and is equipped with a human-machine interface, which can display real-time curves and three-dimensional models.

[0079] Assemble the steel sleeve model according to the scale to simulate the tunneling project of a 10m diameter tunnel boring machine. Arrange an environmental load simulation system around the steel sleeve, including a building load simulation unit 7, a vehicle vibration simulation unit, and a dynamic external load application device 8. Calibrate all sensors to prepare for dynamic load simulation.

[0080] Three typical construction environments were set up: a low-disruption residential scenario such as an urban residential area, a high-vibration traffic scenario such as an urban main road, and a highly dynamic construction scenario such as the area surrounding the construction site. By comparing multiple scenarios, the impact of different loads on construction was obtained.

[0081] In a low-interference residential scenario: the building load simulation unit 7 applies a uniformly distributed load of 15 kPa, the foundation type is a strip foundation, and the vehicle vibration simulation unit simulates the main vehicles, namely small cars, on the main roads inside the community. The vibration frequency is set to 10-30 Hz, the amplitude is 0.3-1 mm, the dynamic load is 30-50 kN, and the moving speed is 2,000-5,000 km / h.

[0082] In the high-vibration traffic scenario: the surrounding area is mostly frame structure, the load applied by the building load simulation unit 7 is a uniformly distributed load of 25kPa, the foundation type is independent foundation, the vehicle vibration simulation unit simulates the main road traffic, including trucks and buses, the vibration frequency is set to 5~40Hz, the amplitude is 0.5~3mm, and there is no dynamic load.

[0083] Highly dynamic construction scenario: The surrounding area is mostly temporary buildings. The load applied by the building load simulation unit 7 is a uniformly distributed load of 10kPa. The vehicle vibration simulation unit simulates construction vehicles, with a vibration frequency of 5-20Hz and an amplitude of 1-5mm. The dynamic load simulates equipment such as cranes and excavators, with a load of 80-120kN and a moving speed of 1,000-3,000 kilometers per hour.

[0084] Initial construction parameter settings:

[0085] Earth pressure: set according to the excavation depth. For example, if the burial depth is 12m, the earth pressure is 1.2MPa.

[0086] Propulsion speed: 50 mm / min;

[0087] Cutter head rotation speed: 2.5 r / min;

[0088] Initial sealing pressure: 1.5 MPa;

[0089] Grouting pressure: 1.0MPa, grouting volume: 30L / min.

[0090] All systems are started simultaneously, and the data acquisition system collects key parameters.

[0091] Environmental load data:

[0092] Building load: Pressure values ​​p at each loading point h (i,j), where i is the loading point label and j is the time series;

[0093] Vehicle vibration: vibration frequency f v , amplitude A v Excitation force F v ;

[0094] Dynamic load: Load magnitude F d coordinate position (x d ,y dMovement speed v d .

[0095] Soil and structural response data:

[0096] Pressure distribution P on the inner wall of the steel sleeve s (k,l), where k is the section number and l is the sensor position;

[0097] radial deformation δ of steel sleeve r (k,l) and axial displacement δ a (k);

[0098] Cutter head torque T c and rotational speed n c ;

[0099] Propulsion cylinder pressure P p (i) and the amount of extension s p (i).

[0100] Sealing and grouting data:

[0101] Each layer of sealing pressure P seal (m), m=1…5, first layer polyurethane main seal P seal (1) = 0.6 MPa, second layer of nitrile rubber auxiliary seal P seal (2) = 0.375MPa compensates for the wear of the main seal, and the fourth layer of polytetrafluoroethylene guide ring P seal (4) = 0.225MPa, used to reduce friction between the seal and the steel sleeve, fifth layer emergency sealing airbag P seal (5) = 0.3 MPa, spare airbag;

[0102] Sealing cavity pressure P c It is 1.5 MPa;

[0103] Grouting pressure P g For 1.0 MPa and flow rate Q g The flow rate is 30 L / min.

[0104] Process the collected data:

[0105] Analysis of the relationship between external loads and the stress on the steel sleeve:

[0106] Calculate the resultant force of the building load: F h =∑P h (i,j)×A i A i For each loading point area;

[0107] Calculate the effective value of the vibration load:

[0108] Calculate the dynamic load impulse: I d =∫F d dt

[0109] Establish an instantaneous external total load model: F total =k1×F h (t)+k2×F vrms (t)+k3×I d (t), k1, k2, k3 are site coefficients, which are obtained under the action of pure building load, pure vehicle vibration, and pure dynamic load on the steel sleeve;

[0110] Establish an automatic control system 3 to adjust the sealing pressure model in real time based on the following model:

[0111] P s_n =P seal +k p ×(F total ÷F0-1)+k i ×∫(δ r -δ0)dt, where F0 is the design reference load, δ0 is the allowable radial deformation value, and k p ,k i These are the proportional coefficient and the integral coefficient, respectively, k p ,k i The method of engineering tuning is used to determine this.

[0112] Establish a correlation model between the cutterhead torque and the external load: T c_n =T c ×[1+α×(F total ÷F0)+β(σ s ÷σ0)], where σ s Let σ0 be the average stress of the steel sleeve, σ0 be the design stress, and α and β be correction factors, which are obtained by fixing σ0. s ÷σ0, change F total ÷F0 measures the change in torque, and the change σ s ÷σ0, fixed F total ÷F0, measure the torque change, and obtain α,β by establishing a regression equation and fitting it using the least squares method;

[0113] When the ratio of vibration frequency to cutter head rotation speed is within the range of 0.8-1.2, the feed speed v is automatically adjusted to avoid resonance. d_n =v d ×(0.5+0.5×|f v ÷(n c ×60)-1|).

[0114] Analysis of the coupled influence of external loads and shield tunneling parameters on the performance of the steel sleeve.

[0115] Correlation analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation coefficients to determine the correlations between various parameters. Under the following initial construction parameters: earth pressure (set according to excavation depth, e.g., 1.2 MPa for a depth of 12m); advance speed: 50 mm / min; cutterhead speed: 2.5 r / min; initial sealing pressure: 1.5 MPa; grouting pressure: 1.0 MPa; grouting volume: 30 L / min), the correlation coefficients between the building load and the pressure at the top of the steel sleeve were r1 = 0.87; between vehicle vibration frequency and radial deformation of the steel sleeve were r2 = 0.72; between dynamic load and advance resistance was r3 = 0.65; and between sealing pressure and total external load was r4 = 0.81. Higher correlations indicate a greater impact under the given load or vibration conditions.

[0116] Establish a quantitative relationship model:

[0117] External load – steel sleeve deformation model:

[0118] δ r =a1×F h +a2×A v ×f v +a3×F d +a4×P s +ε1,δ r The deformation of the steel sleeve, a1, a2, a3, and a4, is obtained through a linear regression equation. Under these initial construction parameters, the calculated a1 = 0.023 indicates that for every 1 kN increase in building load, the radial deformation increases by 0.023 mm, and a2 = 0.015 indicates the vibration energy A. v ×f v For every 1 mm·Hz increase, the deformation increases by 0.015 mm. a3 = 0.018 means that for every 1 kN increase in dynamic load, the deformation increases by 0.018 mm. a4 = 0.5 means that for every 1 MPa increase in internal wall pressure, the deformation increases by 0.5 mm.

[0119] Sealing pressure – external load – sealing effect model: P c_l =b1×(F total -F0)-b2×(P seal -P seal0 )+b3×n c +ε2,P c_l P represents the pressure in the sealed cavity. seal0To design the reference pressure, b1, b2, and b3 were obtained by fitting the data using the response surface methodology combined with experimental data. Under these initial construction parameters, b1 = 0.002 MPa / kN, meaning that for every 1 kN that the external load exceeds the reference value, the pressure loss increases by 0.002 MPa; b2 = 0.35, meaning that for every 1 MPa that the sealing pressure exceeds the reference value, the pressure loss decreases by 0.35 MPa; and b3 = 0.01 MPa / (r / min), meaning that for every 1 r / min increase in the cutterhead speed, the pressure loss increases by 0.01 MPa.

[0120] Propulsion-torque-external load model:

[0121] The propulsion equation is F p_n =c1×σ s +c2×F total +c3×δ r +ε3, where σ s F represents the earth pressure from the bottom layer. total δ represents the total external load. r Representing radial deformation, c1, c2, c3 are obtained by fixing σ. s F total and δ r Two variables were used in the experiment. One variable was adjusted, and the propulsion force corresponding to each stage of deformation was recorded. The above operation was repeated to obtain multiple sets of experimental data. Then, the multiple linear regression equations were used to obtain c1 = 120 kN / MPa, c2 = 0.85, and c3 = 15 kN / mm.

[0122] Torque equation: T c_n =d1×F p_n +d2×n c +d3×F v +ε4, where F p_n For propulsion, n c F is the rotational speed of the cutter head. v As a vibration load, d1, d2, d3 are connected by a fixed F. p_n and n c Then change n c The relationship between the cutterhead speed and torque was obtained. By successively changing the fixed value and the changed value, the correlation data between torque and propulsion force, cutterhead speed and vibration load were obtained. The data were then calculated using a multivariate nonlinear regression equation to obtain d1 = 0.3 kN·m / kN, d2 = 15 kN·m (r / min), and d3 = 0.2 kN·m / kN.

[0123] Based on the established external load-steel sleeve deformation model, sealing pressure-external load-sealing effect model, and propulsion force-torque-external load model, a genetic algorithm is used for objective optimization. The optimization objectives are to minimize steel sleeve deformation, minimize sealing pressure loss, and maximize propulsion efficiency. The constraints are that the steel sleeve deformation is less than 10 mm, the sealing cavity pressure loss is less than 0.2 MPa, and the cutterhead torque is less than 400 kN·m. The optimization variable is the propulsion speed v. p Sealing pressure P seal and the rotational speed n of the cutter head c Generate optimization parameter tables for different combinations of environmental loads:

[0124] In low-interference living scenarios: propulsion speed: 45-55 mm / min; sealing pressure: 1.4-1.6 MPa; cutter head rotation speed: 2.0-2.5 r / min; grouting pressure: 0.9-1.1 MPa.

[0125] In high-vibration traffic scenarios: propulsion speed: 30-40 mm / min, sealing pressure: 1.6-1.8 MPa, cutterhead rotation speed: 1.5-2.0 r / min, grouting pressure: 1.1-1.3 MPa;

[0126] Highly dynamic construction scenarios: Advance speed: 25-35mm / min, sealing pressure: 1.5-1.7MPa, cutterhead rotation speed: 2.0-3.0r / min, grouting pressure: 1.0-1.2MPa;

[0127] The formula for calculating grouting volume is: Grouting volume = Building void volume × Advancement speed × 1.2-1.5 × Filling coefficient.

[0128] Based on the simulation data, the following warning thresholds are set:

[0129] Level 1 warning: The deformation of the steel sleeve is greater than 8mm or the sealing pressure loss is greater than 0.15MPa;

[0130] Level 2 warning: The deformation of the steel sleeve is greater than 10mm or the sealing pressure loss is greater than 0.2MPa;

[0131] Level 3 warning: The deformation of the steel sleeve is greater than 12mm or the sealing pressure loss is greater than 0.3MPa.

[0132] In the sealing pressure-external load-sealing effect model, when the total external load changes, the pressure of each sealing layer is adjusted using the following formula:

[0133] First layer of polyurethane main seal: P seal 1 = 0.6 × (F) total ÷F0);

[0134] Second layer of nitrile rubber auxiliary seal: Pseal 2 = 0.375 × 1.1 × (F) total ÷F0);

[0135] Fourth layer PTFE guide ring: P seal 4 = 0.225 × (F) total ÷F0);

[0136] Fifth-layer emergency airbag: Under normal operating conditions, it maintains 0.3MPa. When the air pressure decrease in the sealed cavity is greater than 0.15MPa, which is the first-level warning, the pressure increases by 0.5MPa. When the air pressure decrease in the sealed cavity is greater than 0.2MPa, which is the second-level warning, the pressure increases by 1.0MPa.

[0137] Simultaneously, by monitoring the sealing cavity pressure P in real time... c When P c A descent rate greater than 0.05 MPa / min indicates that seal wear has occurred.

[0138] If the pressure P in the sealed cavity c If the pressure is greater than 1.2 MPa, only increase the pressure of the second auxiliary seal by 10% to 15%; if the pressure is less than 1.0 MPa, increase the pressure by 10% to 15%. c If the pressure is less than or equal to 1.2 MPa, increase the pressure of the first main seal by 5% and the pressure of the second auxiliary seal by 15%; if P c If the pressure is less than or equal to 1.0 MPa, the fifth emergency airbag will be activated, and the sealing pressure of the first and second layers will be increased by 20%.

[0139] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention. The circuits, electronic components, and modules involved are all prior art, fully achievable by those skilled in the art, and require no further explanation. The scope of protection in this application does not involve improvements to the software and methods. Commonly known structures and characteristics in the solutions are not described in detail here. Those skilled in the art are aware of all common technical knowledge in the field prior to the application date or priority date, are aware of all prior art in that field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental methods prior to that date. Those skilled in the art can, under the guidance of this application, improve and implement this solution in combination with their own capabilities. Some typical known structures or methods should not be obstacles for those skilled in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention. These should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention, and will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment, characterized in that: include: The main body of the modular steel sleeve is assembled from multiple arc-shaped steel components. Multiple high-precision pressure sensors are evenly arranged along the axis on its inner wall, and multiple three-dimensional displacement sensors are evenly installed along the axis on its outer wall. Sealing system: A set of combined sealing devices is installed at the front and rear ends of the splicable steel sleeve body, and a hydraulic control unit for controlling the sealing pressure is also included; Simulated propulsion system: includes multiple sets of synchronous propulsion cylinders, cutterhead drive system, geological simulation module and grouting simulation unit. The cutterhead drive system is used to drive the blades to cut the simulated soil layer. The geological simulation module is equipped with multiple zone control units for zoned control of earth pressure loading. Environmental load simulation system: including building load simulation unit, vehicle vibration simulation unit and dynamic external load application device; Data acquisition and analysis system: includes a data acquisition module, a synchronization clock module, a data processing module, a multi-parameter correlation analysis module, and a 3D visualization module; Automatic control system: It is equipped with a human-machine interface that can display real-time curves and three-dimensional models. It can automatically adjust the working parameters of the sealing system, simulated propulsion system and environmental load simulation system based on feedback from the data acquisition and analysis system.

2. The shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The combined sealing device includes a first layer of polyurethane as the main seal, a second layer of nitrile rubber as the auxiliary seal, a third layer of metal skeleton support ring, a fourth layer of polytetrafluoroethylene guide ring, and a fifth layer of emergency sealing airbag.

3. The shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The building load simulation unit uses a matrix loading device, which can simulate loads according to different building foundation types. The vehicle vibration simulation unit uses an exciter with built-in multiple vehicle vibration spectrum models. The dynamic external load application device uses multiple moving loading trolleys.

4. The shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental load simulation system can simulate loads in low-distance residential scenarios, high-vibration traffic scenarios, and highly dynamic construction scenarios.

5. The shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The data collected by the data acquisition module includes the pressure values ​​and corresponding time series of each loading point of the building load, the vibration frequency, amplitude and excitation force of the vehicle vibration, and the load size, coordinate position and moving speed of the dynamic load.

6. The shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic control system can adjust the sealing pressure in real time according to the established instantaneous external total load model, where the model is F. total =k1×F h (t)+k2×F vrms (t)+k3×I d (t), where k1, k2, and k3 are site coefficients, corresponding to the action coefficients on the steel sleeve under pure building load, pure vehicle vibration, and pure dynamic load, respectively. The sealing pressure adjustment model is P. s_n =P seal +k p ×(F total ÷F0-1)+k i ×∫(δ r -δ0)dt, where F0 is the design reference load, δ0 is the allowable radial deformation value, and k p ,k i These are the proportional coefficient and the integral coefficient, respectively, k p ,k i The method of engineering tuning is used to determine it.

7. The shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction equipment as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The automatic control system can adjust the cutterhead torque in real time according to the established instantaneous total external load model. The correlation model between the cutterhead torque and the external load is: T c_n =T c ×[1+α×(F total ÷F0)+β(σ s ÷σ0)], where σ s Let σ0 be the average stress of the steel sleeve, σ0 be the design stress, and α and β be correction factors, which are obtained by fixing σ0. s ÷σ0, change F total ÷F0 measures the change in torque, and the change σ s ÷σ0, fixed F total ÷F0, measure the torque change, and obtain α,β by establishing a regression equation and fitting it using the least squares method.

8. A method for constructing a shield tunneling machine using a simulated steel sleeve, comprising the shield tunneling machine construction equipment described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Assemble the steel sleeve model according to the scale to simulate the tunneling project of a shield machine with a diameter of 10m. Set up an environmental load simulation system around the steel sleeve and calibrate all sensors. S2: Set up three typical construction environments: low-disruption residential scenario, high-vibration traffic scenario, and strong dynamic construction scenario, and determine the building load, vehicle vibration, and dynamic load parameters under each scenario. S3: Set initial simulation construction parameters; S4: Synchronously start all systems and collect key parameters through the data acquisition system; S5: Process the collected data, calculate the total force on the steel sleeve under external load, analyze the force relationship of the steel sleeve under external load, and establish a correlation model between the cutter head torque and the external load. S6: The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the coupling effect of external load and shield construction parameters on the performance of steel sleeve, and external load-steel sleeve deformation model, sealing pressure-external load-sealing effect model and propulsion force-torque-external load model were established. S7: The construction parameters are optimized using a genetic algorithm. The optimization objectives are to minimize the deformation of the steel sleeve, minimize the sealing pressure loss, and maximize the propulsion efficiency. The constraints are that the deformation of the steel sleeve is less than 10 mm, the sealing pressure loss is less than 0.2 MPa, and the cutterhead torque is less than 400 kN·m. The optimization parameters are determined for different scenarios. S8: Set early warning thresholds based on simulation data. Level 1 early warning is when the steel sleeve deformation is greater than 8mm or the sealing pressure loss is greater than 0.15MPa; Level 2 early warning is when the steel sleeve deformation is greater than 10mm or the sealing pressure loss is greater than 0.2MPa; Level 3 early warning is when the steel sleeve deformation is greater than 12mm or the sealing pressure loss is greater than 0.3MPa. Adjust the pressure of each sealing layer according to the pressure change in the sealing cavity.

9. The shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The external load-steel sleeve deformation model in step S6 is: δ r =a1×F h +a2×A v ×f v +a3×F d +a4×P s +ε1,δ r The deformation of the steel sleeve, a1, a2, a3, a4, is obtained through a linear regression equation; the sealing pressure-external load-sealing effect model is: P c_l =b1×(F total -F0)-b2×(P seal -P seal0 )+b3×n c +ε2,P c_l P represents the pressure in the sealed cavity. seal0 The design reference pressure is obtained by fitting the values ​​of b1, b2, and b3 using the response surface methodology combined with experimental data.

10. The shield tunneling simulation steel sleeve construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific method for adjusting the pressure of each sealing layer in step S8 is as follows: The adjustment formula for the first layer of polyurethane main seal is: P seal 1 = 0.6 × (F) total ÷F0), the adjustment formula for the second layer of nitrile rubber auxiliary seal is: P seal 2 = 0.375 × 1.1 × (F) total ÷F0), the adjustment formula for the fourth layer of polytetrafluoroethylene guide ring is: P seal 4 = 0.225 × (F) total ÷F0), the fifth layer of emergency airbag, when the air pressure decrease in the sealed cavity is greater than 0.15MPa, the pressure increase is 0.5MPa, and when the air pressure decrease in the sealed cavity is greater than 0.2MPa, the increase is 1.0MPa.

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