Buffer type energy absorber and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a buffer type energy absorber and a method. The buffer type energy absorber comprises a rope wheel assembly, a large shaft, a supporting spring and a barrel assembly. The cylinder body assembly comprises a cylinder body, a plurality of spring seats and a bearing seat; the bearing seat is arranged at the center of the bottom of the cylinder body; the plurality of spring seats are uniformly arranged around the bearing seat; the multiple supporting springs are arranged in the corresponding spring seats. A first needle bearing is mounted in the bearing seat and is fixed through a small bearing pressing plate; one end of the large shaft is inserted into an inner hole of the first needle bearing, and the other end of the large shaft is connected with the rope wheel assembly through a shaft end key. The rope wheel assembly is fixed to the large shaft through a first bearing gland. A plurality of static friction plates and a plurality of dynamic friction plate assemblies are sequentially arranged on the large shaft in a stacked and sleeved mode, and the static friction plates and the dynamic friction plate assemblies are alternately arranged and located in the barrel. Friction force can be sequentially increased from small to large, impact is reduced, and kinetic energy of the mine car can be converted into heat energy generated by friction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mine machinery technology, specifically relating to a buffer-type energy absorber and method. Background Technology

[0002] Mine rail transport is a crucial component of coal mine production, and an efficient transport system is of paramount importance for safe production. Statistics show that transport accidents are the second leading cause of accidents after roof collapses. Among these, runaway accidents caused by rope breakage, pin detachment, or broken connecting devices during train operation, resulting in the train car separating from the main hoisting wire rope, account for 22.1% of all transport accidents. Therefore, effective prevention of runaway accidents in inclined shafts of coal mines is essential. Conventional energy absorbers, during the process of a mine car impacting the traction wire rope and causing the dynamic friction plate of the energy absorber to move from a standstill (because static friction is much greater than frictional force), generate a significant instantaneous impact on the intercepting wire rope, potentially causing the wire rope to break and failing to intercept the mine car. In contrast, buffer-type energy absorbers, due to the addition of a spiral buffer mechanism, ensure that the maximum static friction force of the dynamic friction plate is less than the frictional force at the instant of movement from a standstill. During the pulling process, the traction force on the wire rope gradually increases, reaching its maximum when the dynamic friction plate rotates to 105 degrees. This effectively buffers the initial impact force of the mine car on the traction wire rope. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a buffer-type energy absorber and method. It is the most critical component in an inclined shaft anti-runaway mine car system, capable of converting the kinetic energy of the mine car into heat energy generated by friction, thereby intercepting the runaway mine car. This invention addresses "runaway" accidents in inclined mine shafts, providing a final and reliable passive safety barrier against transportation accidents. This invention is a novel device capable of actively and controllably absorbing and dissipating enormous kinetic energy, transforming a devastating "rigid collision" into a controllable "buffer energy absorption," thus establishing a reliable life safety line for underground mine workers and simultaneously protecting critical production equipment.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A buffer-type energy absorber of the present invention includes: a rope pulley assembly, a main shaft, support springs, and a cylindrical assembly; the cylindrical assembly includes: a cylindrical body, multiple spring seats, and bearing seats; the bearing seats are located at the center of the bottom of the cylindrical body, and the multiple spring seats are evenly arranged around the bearing seats; multiple support springs are arranged in corresponding spring seats; a first needle roller bearing is installed in the bearing seat and fixed by a small bearing pressure plate; one end of the main shaft is inserted into the inner hole of the first needle roller bearing, and the other end is connected to the rope pulley assembly through a shaft end key; the rope pulley assembly is fixed to the main shaft by a first bearing pressure cover; multiple static friction plates and multiple dynamic friction plate assemblies are sequentially stacked on the main shaft, and both the static friction plates and the dynamic friction plate assemblies are annular, with one more set of static friction plates than dynamic friction plate assemblies, and the static friction plates and dynamic friction plate assemblies are arranged alternately and located in the cylindrical body.

[0005] Furthermore, the moving friction plate assembly consists of two moving friction plate bodies, a moving friction plate frame, and a moving friction plate support sub-plate. The moving friction plate support sub-plate is welded onto the moving friction plate frame, and the two moving friction plate bodies are fixed to both sides of the moving friction plate frame by rivets I. The moving friction plate bodies, the moving friction plate frame, and the moving friction plate support sub-plate are all annular. The outer diameter of the moving friction plate body is the same as that of the moving friction plate frame, and the inner diameter of the moving friction plate body is larger than the inner diameter of the moving friction plate frame and larger than the outer diameter of the moving friction plate support sub-plate. The moving friction plate frame and the moving friction plate support sub-plate have the same inner diameter and are each provided with two symmetrical fan-shaped protrusions.

[0006] Furthermore, the number of moving friction plate assemblies is 8, namely the first moving friction plate assembly, the second moving friction plate assembly, the third moving friction plate assembly, the fourth moving friction plate assembly, the fifth moving friction plate assembly, the sixth moving friction plate assembly, the seventh moving friction plate assembly, and the eighth moving friction plate assembly; Specifically, the fan-shaped protrusions of the moving friction plate frame and the moving friction plate support plate of the first moving friction plate assembly are welded together in an overlapping manner; the fan-shaped protrusions of the moving friction plate frame and the moving friction plate support plate of the second moving friction plate assembly are welded with a 15° offset rotation; the fan-shaped protrusions of the moving friction plate frame and the moving friction plate support plate of the third moving friction plate assembly are welded with a 30° offset rotation; and so on, the offset rotation increases by 15° each time, until the fan-shaped protrusions of the moving friction plate frame and the moving friction plate support plate of the eighth moving friction plate assembly 1 are welded with a 105° offset rotation; when the main shaft rotates, each 15° rotation drives one more moving friction plate assembly to participate in the friction.

[0007] Furthermore, the inner and outer diameters of the static friction plate are both larger than the inner and outer diameters of the dynamic friction plate assembly, and the static friction plate and the dynamic friction plate assembly are installed in an alternating overlapping manner.

[0008] Furthermore, keyways are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main shaft, and a large flat key is provided in each keyway; the two large flat keys serve to position the moving friction plate assembly during installation, and the main shaft transmits torque to the moving friction plate assembly through the large flat keys during use.

[0009] Furthermore, the buffer-type energy absorber also includes: the circular plate assembly and the second bearing cover, the other end of the main shaft is supported on the circular plate assembly by the second needle roller bearing, the second needle roller bearing is fixed by the second bearing cover, and a skeleton oil seal is provided between the second bearing cover and the second needle roller bearing.

[0010] Furthermore, the buffer-type energy absorber is fixed to the foundation pit by a second bolt.

[0011] Furthermore, the number and compression of the support springs are adjustable, which is used to adjust the friction force between the static friction plate and the dynamic friction plate assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, a support plate is fixed to one end of the large shaft by a third screw.

[0013] Furthermore, this invention proposes a buffer-type energy absorption method based on the aforementioned buffer-type energy absorber, specifically as follows: When the tandem car is in operation and the main hoisting wire rope detaches from the trolley, and the mine car hits the stop rail and pulls on the three auxiliary ropes on both sides, the auxiliary ropes will pull on the wire rope wrapped around the rope wheel assembly, which will drive the rope wheel assembly to rotate. The rope wheel assembly will then drive the main shaft to rotate, and the large flat key on the main shaft will sequentially drive each dynamic friction plate assembly to rotate. Every 15° rotation will drive one more dynamic friction plate assembly to rotate, thereby increasing the friction force from small to large, reducing the sudden impact when the mine car is intercepted by the wire rope. When all the dynamic friction plate assemblies have rotated, the friction force reaches its maximum value. Then, during the rotation of the traction rope wheel of the mine car, this maximum friction force will gradually convert the kinetic energy of the mine car into frictional heat energy, thereby ultimately intercepting the mine car.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: 1) Adopt a progressive friction start-up mechanism: By installing the dynamic friction plate assembly in sequence at different angles (such as 0° to 105°), the dynamic friction plates participate in friction one by one when the main shaft rotates, so that the friction force gradually increases from zero, avoiding the problem of steel wire rope impact breakage caused by sudden change in static friction force in traditional energy absorbers.

[0015] 2) Adjustable buffer structure: The support springs are used as the pressure source. By adjusting their number and compression, the friction force can be precisely controlled to meet the requirements of the wire rope pull-out length (0.3-10 meters) in the coal mine safety regulations.

[0016] 3) Integrated buffer design: The rope pulley assembly, friction plate assembly, support spring and main shaft are integrated into the cylinder assembly to form a compact and reliable energy absorption unit, realizing the transformation from "rigid collision" to "buffered energy absorption".

[0017] 4) Enhanced safety performance: Effectively prevents the wire rope of the rope pulley assembly from breaking due to excessive impact force at the moment of interception, ensuring that the mine car is reliably intercepted.

[0018] 5) High adaptability: The number and compression of the support springs of the present invention are adjustable, which can adjust the friction force between the static friction plate and the dynamic friction plate assembly to meet the safety requirements under different inclined shaft working conditions.

[0019] 6) The dynamic friction plate assemblies are installed at preset angle intervals, so that when the main shaft rotates, it drives each dynamic friction plate assembly to rotate in sequence, generating gradually increasing friction with the static friction plate; thus, the friction force increases from small to large, avoiding a sudden impact when the mine car is intercepted by the wire rope.

[0020] 7) Stable structure: The components of this invention are rationally laid out, easy to maintain, and have a long service life.

[0021] 8) Energy saving and environmental protection: When all the moving friction plates rotate, the friction reaches its maximum value. Then, during the rotation of the mine car traction rope wheel, this maximum friction will gradually convert the kinetic energy of the mine car into frictional heat energy. That is, the kinetic energy of the mine car is converted into heat energy for dissipation, with no pollution and low noise. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the present invention. Figure 1 The right view; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the static friction pad of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic friction pad assembly of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a left view of the assembled static friction pad and dynamic friction pad assembly of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the assembled static friction plate and dynamic friction plate assembly of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the multiple support springs of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the large shaft and the large flat key of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the dynamic friction pad assembly of the present invention; Figure 10 This is the invention Figure 9 Cross-sectional view; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic friction plate holder of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dynamic friction plate support sub-plate of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the large flat key and the moving friction plate assembly of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the dynamic friction plate assembly of the present invention; In the diagram, 1. Sheet assembly; 2. First bolt; 3. Washer I; 4. First bearing cap; 5. Shaft end key; 6. First screw; 7. Second bearing cap; 8. Second needle roller bearing; 9. Circular plate assembly; 10. Static friction plate; 11. Dynamic friction plate assembly; 12. Support plate; 13. Support spring; 14. Main shaft; 15. Small bearing pressure plate; 16. First needle roller bearing; 17. Second screw; 18. Spring washer I; 19. Cylinder assembly; 20. Second bolt; 21. Nut; 22. Nameplate; 23. Rivet II; 24. Third bolt; 25. Washer II; 26. Large flat key; 27. Third screw; 28. Spring washer II; 29. ​​Oil seal. 10-1, Groove; 111. Moving friction plate body; 112. Moving friction plate bracket; 113. Rivet I; 114. Moving friction plate support sub-plate; 11-1, First moving friction plate assembly; 11-2, Second moving friction plate assembly; 11-3, Third moving friction plate assembly; 11-4, Fourth moving friction plate assembly; 11-5, Fifth moving friction plate assembly; 11-6, Sixth moving friction plate assembly; 11-7, Seventh moving friction plate assembly; 11-8, Eighth moving friction plate assembly; 19-1, Cylinder body; 19-2, Spring seat; 19-3, Bearing seat. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1 like Figures 1-6As shown, a buffer-type energy absorber of the present invention includes a rope pulley assembly 1, a main shaft 14, a support spring 13, and a cylinder assembly 19; the cylinder assembly 19 includes: a cylinder 19-1, multiple spring seats 19-2, and bearing seats 19-3; the bearing seats 19-3 are located at the center of the bottom of the cylinder 19-1, and the multiple spring seats 19-2 are evenly arranged around the bearing seats 19-3; there are multiple support springs 13, each located in a corresponding spring seat 19-2; a first needle roller bearing 16 is installed in the bearing seat 19-3, and is connected by a small bearing pressure plate 15. Fixed; one end of the main shaft 14 is inserted into the inner hole of the first needle roller bearing 16, and the other end is connected to the rope wheel assembly 1 through the shaft end key 5; the rope wheel assembly 1 is fixed on the main shaft 14 through the first bearing cover 4; a plurality of static friction plates 10 and a plurality of dynamic friction plate assemblies 11 are sequentially stacked on the main shaft 14. The static friction plates 10 and the dynamic friction plate assemblies 11 are both annular. The number of static friction plates 10 is one more than the number of dynamic friction plate assemblies 11. The static friction plates 10 and the dynamic friction plate assemblies 11 are arranged alternately and located inside the cylinder 19-1.

[0025] Furthermore, such as Figures 9-12 As shown, the moving friction plate assembly 11 consists of two moving friction plate bodies 111, a moving friction plate frame 112, and a moving friction plate support plate 114. The moving friction plate support plate 114 is welded to the moving friction plate frame 112, and the two moving friction plate bodies 111 are fixed to both sides of the moving friction plate frame 112 by rivets I 113. The moving friction plate bodies 111, the moving friction plate frame 112, and the moving friction plate support plate 114 are all annular. The outer diameter of the moving friction plate body 111 is the same as that of the moving friction plate frame 112, and the inner diameter of the moving friction plate body 111 is larger than the inner diameter of the moving friction plate frame 112 and larger than the outer diameter of the moving friction plate support plate 114. The moving friction plate frame 112 and the moving friction plate support plate 114 have the same inner diameter and are each provided with two symmetrical fan-shaped protrusions 115. After the rivets I 113 are firmly driven in, their end faces are lower than the surface of the moving friction plate body 111 and will not contact the stationary friction plate.

[0026] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the number of moving friction plate assemblies 11 is 8, namely the first moving friction plate assembly 11-1, the second moving friction plate assembly 11-2, the third moving friction plate assembly 11-3, the fourth moving friction plate assembly 11-4, the fifth moving friction plate assembly 11-5, the sixth moving friction plate assembly 11-6, the seventh moving friction plate assembly 11-7, and the eighth moving friction plate assembly 11-8; In the first moving friction plate assembly 11-1, the fan-shaped protrusions 115 of the moving friction plate frame 112 and the moving friction plate support sub-plate 114 are welded together in an overlapping manner; in the second moving friction plate assembly 11-2, the fan-shaped protrusions 115 of the moving friction plate frame 112 and the moving friction plate support sub-plate 114 are welded with a 15° offset rotation; and in the third moving friction plate assembly 11-3, the fan-shaped protrusions 115 of the moving friction plate frame 112 and the moving friction plate support sub-plate 114 are welded with a 30° offset rotation. The welding angle is increased by 15° in each subsequent step until the fan-shaped protrusions 115 of the moving friction plate frame 112 and the moving friction plate support sub-plate 114 of the eighth moving friction plate assembly 11-8 are rotated and staggered by 105° and then welded. The arc angle of the fan-shaped protrusion 115 is 40°-50°, preferably 49°. If the arc angle is too small, it will affect the strength of the fan-shaped protrusion 115. If it is too large, it will cause the four fan-shaped protrusions 115 of the moving friction plate assembly 11-8 to conflict with the positions of the two large flat keys 26. When the main shaft rotates, it drives an additional dynamic friction plate assembly to participate in friction for every 15° of rotation.

[0027] During operation, the buffer-type energy absorber of this invention, as the main shaft 14 rotates, sequentially drives the dynamic friction plate assembly 11 to rotate. The dynamic friction plate bodies 111 on both sides of the dynamic friction plate assembly 11 generate friction with the stationary friction plate 10 during rotation (see...). Figure 10 ).

[0028] Furthermore, such as Figure 8 As shown, keyways are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main shaft 14, and a large flat key 26 is provided in each keyway. The length of the large flat key 26 exceeds the height of all the moving and stationary friction plates 10 after stacking and installation, so that it can contact all the moving friction plate assemblies 11 in sequence. The two large flat keys 26 play the role of positioning the moving friction plate assemblies 11 during installation, and the main shaft 14 transmits torque to the moving friction plate assemblies 11 through the large flat keys 26 during use.

[0029] Furthermore, the side of the fan-shaped protrusion 115 of the dynamic friction plate support sub-plate 114 contacts the side of the large flat key 26 and is driven to rotate by the large shaft 14.

[0030] Furthermore, such as Figures 3-6 As shown, the inner and outer diameters of the static friction plate 10 are both larger than the inner and outer diameters of the dynamic friction plate assembly 11; the static friction plate 10 and the dynamic friction plate assembly 11 are installed in an alternating overlapping manner.

[0031] Furthermore, the edge of the static friction plate 10 is uniformly provided with three grooves 10-1 along the circumference, and the inner side of the cylinder 19-1 is uniformly provided with three raised ribs (unmarked) along the circumference. The grooves 10-1 of the static friction plate 10 are stuck on the raised ribs of the cylinder 19-1 and cannot rotate.

[0032] like Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown, the friction plates of the present invention are installed as follows: starting from the static friction plate 10, they are installed in a static-dynamic-static manner, alternating and overlapping from the bottom side to the top side (the side closer to the rope wheel assembly 1); there are nine sets of static friction plates 10, with the same external shape and structure, and their positioning is achieved by three protruding ribs evenly arranged along the circumference on the inner side of the cylinder 19-1; the eighth dynamic friction plate assembly 11-8 is located on the bottom side, followed by the seventh dynamic friction plate assembly 11-7, the sixth dynamic friction plate assembly 11-6, and so on, with the first dynamic friction plate assembly 11-1 located on the top side. The distance between the outer sides of the two large flat keys 26 is the same as the inner diameter of the moving friction plate assembly 11 (excluding the fan-shaped protrusion 115), meaning that the moving friction plate assembly 11 is radially positioned by fitting it onto the two large flat keys 26. The fan-shaped protrusions 115 of the moving friction plate bracket 112 of each moving friction plate assembly 11 are installed vertically in corresponding positions, serving as rotational angle positioning. Thus, the fan-shaped protrusions 115 of the moving friction plate bracket 112 are aligned vertically, and the angles of the fan-shaped protrusions 115 of the moving friction plate support sub-plate 114 of each moving friction plate assembly 11 are staggered by 15°. After installation, in the initial static state, only the eighth moving friction plate... The side of the fan-shaped protrusion 115 of the moving friction plate bracket sub-plate 114 on the friction plate assembly 11-8 contacts the side of a large flat key 26; and the winding direction of the wire rope of the rope pulley assembly 1 causes the main shaft 14 to rotate only toward the eighth moving friction plate assembly 11-8; when the main shaft 14 rotates, it contacts the eighth moving friction plate assembly 11-8, the seventh moving friction plate assembly 11-7 to the first moving friction plate assembly 11-1 in sequence through the large flat key 26. The fan-shaped protrusion 115 of the moving friction plate bracket sub-plate 114 on each moving friction plate assembly 11 contacts the side of the moving friction plate bracket sub-plate 114 on each moving friction plate assembly 11. Every 15° rotation drives one more moving friction plate assembly 11 to participate in friction.

[0033] Furthermore, such as Figure 7 As shown, the support spring 13 is made of a rigid material with a rectangular cross section, so that the surface of the support spring is flat. The dynamic friction plate body 111 assembled on both sides of the dynamic friction plate assembly 11 generates friction with the static friction plate 10 during rotation. The magnitude of the friction depends on: (1) the number of support springs 13 at the bottom of the cylinder 19-1; (2) the compression of the support spring 13.

[0034] It should be noted that the support spring 13 acts on the static friction plate 10 near the bottom side of the cylinder 19-1, so that the static friction plate 10 and the dynamic friction plate assembly 11 are kept in a pressed state.

[0035] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, the buffer-type energy absorber further includes: the circular plate assembly 9 and the second bearing cap 7. The other end of the main shaft 14 is supported on the circular plate assembly 9 by a second needle roller bearing 8. The second needle roller bearing 8 is fixed by the second bearing cap 7, and a skeleton oil seal 29 is provided between the second bearing cap 7 and the second needle roller bearing 8. The skeleton oil seal 29 is used for dust prevention and extending the bearing life. The first bearing cap 4 and the second bearing cap 7 are used to fix the first needle roller bearing 16 and the second needle roller bearing 8 to prevent loosening.

[0036] The shaft end key 5 and the large flat key 26 of this invention are used to ensure the reliability of torque transmission. The rope pulley assembly 1 is used to receive the traction force of the wire rope and drive the main shaft 14 to rotate. The main shaft 14 is used to transmit torque, driving the moving friction plate assembly 11 to rotate sequentially through the large flat key 26. The moving friction plate assembly 11 is used to rub against the stationary friction plate 10, gradually absorbing the kinetic energy of the mine car. The support spring 13 can provide adjustable pressure to control the magnitude of friction. The cylinder assembly 19 supports and accommodates multiple stationary friction plates 10 and multiple moving friction plate assemblies 11, ensuring the integrity of the structure. The first needle roller bearing 16 and the second needle roller bearing 8 are used to support the main shaft 14 and reduce rotational resistance.

[0037] This invention also provides a buffer energy absorption method based on the aforementioned buffer energy absorber, specifically as follows: When the tandem car is in operation and the main hoisting wire rope separates from the trolley, and the mine car hits the stop rail and pulls the three auxiliary ropes on both sides, the auxiliary ropes will pull the wire rope wrapped around the rope wheel assembly 1, which will drive the rope wheel assembly to rotate. The rope wheel assembly 1 will then drive the main shaft 14 to rotate, and the large flat key 26 set on the main shaft 14 will sequentially drive each dynamic friction plate assembly 11 to rotate. For every 15° rotation, one more dynamic friction plate assembly 11 will be driven to rotate, thereby increasing the friction force from small to large, reducing the sudden impact when the mine car is intercepted by the wire rope. When all the dynamic friction plate assemblies 11 have rotated, the friction force reaches its maximum value. Then, during the rotation of the mine car traction rope wheel, this maximum friction force will gradually convert the kinetic energy of the mine car into frictional heat energy, thereby ultimately intercepting the mine car.

[0038] Example 2 Based on Example 1, such as Figure 2 As shown, the buffer-type energy absorber is fixed in the foundation pit by the second bolt 20 and nut 21.

[0039] Furthermore, the second bolt 20 is an anchor bolt, and there are at least three of them. Preferably, there are four anchor bolts. The anchor bolts can firmly fix the buffer-type energy absorber of the present invention to the foundation pit.

[0040] Furthermore, the number and compression of the support springs 13 are adjustable, which are used to adjust the magnitude of the friction force between the static friction plate 10 and the dynamic friction plate assembly 11.

[0041] Furthermore, one end of the main shaft 14 is also fixed to a support plate 12 by a third screw 27. Preferably, the third screw 27 is provided with a spring washer II 28.

[0042] The friction plate assembly consists of multiple static friction plates 10 and multiple dynamic friction plate assemblies 11. The support plate 12 is used to support the friction plate assembly during installation, facilitating the overall installation of the friction plate assembly into the cylinder 19-1. After installation, the bottom static friction plates 10 are held in place by the support springs 13 and disengage from the support plate 12.

[0043] The rope pulley assembly 1 of the present invention consists of a wire rope and a rope pulley, with the wire rope wound on the rope pulley.

[0044] Furthermore, the first bearing cap 4 is fixed to the top of the main shaft 14 by the first bolt 2; preferably, the first bolt 2 has a washer I3. The main shaft 14 has a large diameter at one end and a small diameter at the other end. The end with the large diameter is provided with a shaft end key 5, which is connected to the rope pulley assembly 1; the end with the small diameter is mounted on the bearing seat 19-3 by the first needle roller bearing 16.

[0045] Furthermore, the second needle roller bearing 8 is installed in the bearing hole of the circular plate assembly 9, and the second bearing cap 7 is fixed to the circular plate assembly 9 by the first screw 6. The circular plate assembly 9 includes a circular plate and a bearing hole, with the bearing hole located in the middle of the circular plate. The circular plate is fixedly connected to the cylinder 19-1 of the cylinder assembly 19 by a third bolt 24 with a washer II 25.

[0046] Furthermore, the needle roller bearing 16 is installed in the inner hole of the bottom plate bearing seat 19-3 of the cylinder assembly 19, and the small bearing pressure plate 15 is fixed to the upper end face of the bearing seat 19-3 with the second screw 17; the smaller diameter end of the large shaft 14 is inserted into the inner hole of the needle roller bearing 16; a spring washer I18 is provided on the second screw 17 for shock absorption and to prevent loosening.

[0047] Preferably, a nameplate 22 can be set on the outer wall of the cylinder 19-1 of the cylinder assembly 19 by means of rivets II 23.

[0048] Preferably, the first bolt 2 and the third bolt 24 are both hexagonal head bolts; the washers I 3 and II 25 are both flat spring washers; the first screw 6 is a countersunk head socket head cap screw; the second screw 17 and the third screw 27 are both socket head cap screws; and the nut 21 is a hexagonal nut.

[0049] The preferred dynamic friction plate assembly 11 has a dynamic friction plate body 111 made of asbestos fiber, and the dynamic friction plate frame 112, the dynamic friction plate support plate 114, and the static friction plate 10 are all made of carbon steel.

[0050] The buffer-type energy absorption method of this invention is as follows: When the mine car is separated from the main hoisting wire rope due to rope breakage, pin detachment, or connection device failure during operation, and the mine car hits the stop rail and pulls the three auxiliary ropes on both sides, the auxiliary ropes will pull the wire rope wrapped around the rope wheel assembly 1. The wire rope will then drive the rope wheel assembly 1 to rotate, which will in turn drive the main shaft 14 to start rotating. The side of the large flat key 26 on the main shaft 14 contacts the side of the fan-shaped protrusion 115 of the moving friction plate support sub-plate 114 of the eighth moving friction plate assembly 11-8, causing the eighth moving friction plate assembly 11-8 to start rotating. After rotating 15°, the side of the large flat key 26 contacts the side of the fan-shaped protrusion 115 of the moving friction plate support sub-plate 114 of the seventh moving friction plate assembly 11-7, simultaneously driving the eighth and seventh moving friction plate assemblies 11-8 to rotate, increasing the friction force. Then, the sixth moving friction plate assembly 11-6, the... The friction plates 11-5, 11-4, 11-3, 11-2, and 11-1 rotate 15°, increasing the friction force by one level each time. This gradual increase in friction prevents a sudden impact when the mine car is intercepted by the wire rope. Once all the friction plates 11 have rotated, the friction reaches its maximum value. During the rotation of the mine car's traction sheave, this maximum friction gradually converts the mine car's kinetic energy into frictional heat, ultimately intercepting it. To meet the coal mine's requirement of a wire rope pull-out length of 0.3-10 meters during interception, the pressure of the support springs 13 on the friction plate assemblies 11 and the number of support springs 13 can be adjusted to regulate the friction force, thus satisfying the requirement of a wire rope pull-out length of 0.3-10 meters.

[0051] This invention will only be used in the event of an accident. Once in use, to ensure safety, all dynamic friction plate assemblies 11 and static friction plates 10 must be replaced and reinstalled. They cannot be reused.

[0052] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any simple modifications, alterations, or equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A buffer-type energy absorber, characterized in that, include: The cable pulley assembly, main shaft, support spring, and cylinder assembly; the cylinder assembly includes: a cylinder, multiple spring seats, and bearing seats; The bearing housing is located at the center of the bottom of the cylinder, and multiple spring seats are evenly arranged around the bearing housing; multiple support springs are arranged in their respective spring seats; a first needle roller bearing is installed in the bearing housing and fixed by a small bearing pressure plate; one end of the main shaft is inserted into the inner hole of the first needle roller bearing, and the other end is connected to the rope wheel assembly through a shaft end key; the rope wheel assembly is fixed to the main shaft by a first bearing cover; multiple static friction plates and multiple dynamic friction plate assemblies are stacked on the main shaft in sequence, and both the static friction plates and the dynamic friction plate assemblies are annular. The number of static friction plates is one more set than the number of dynamic friction plate assemblies. The static friction plates and dynamic friction plate assemblies are arranged alternately and located inside the cylinder.

2. The buffer-type energy absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The described dynamic friction plate assembly consists of two dynamic friction plate bodies, a dynamic friction plate frame, and a dynamic friction plate support plate. The dynamic friction plate support plate is welded onto the dynamic friction plate frame, and the two dynamic friction plate bodies are fixed to both sides of the dynamic friction plate frame by rivets I. The dynamic friction plate bodies, the dynamic friction plate frame, and the dynamic friction plate support plate are all annular. The outer diameter of the dynamic friction plate is the same as that of the dynamic friction plate frame, and the inner diameter of the dynamic friction plate is larger than the inner diameter of the dynamic friction plate frame and larger than the outer diameter of the dynamic friction plate support plate. The inner diameter of the dynamic friction plate frame and the dynamic friction plate support plate are the same, and both are provided with two symmetrical fan-shaped protrusions.

3. The buffer-type energy absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of moving friction plate assemblies is 8, namely the first moving friction plate assembly, the second moving friction plate assembly, the third moving friction plate assembly, the fourth moving friction plate assembly, the fifth moving friction plate assembly, the sixth moving friction plate assembly, the seventh moving friction plate assembly, and the eighth moving friction plate assembly; Specifically, the fan-shaped protrusions of the moving friction plate frame and the moving friction plate support plate of the first moving friction plate assembly are welded together in an overlapping manner; the fan-shaped protrusions of the moving friction plate frame and the moving friction plate support plate of the second moving friction plate assembly are welded with a 15° offset rotation; the fan-shaped protrusions of the moving friction plate frame and the moving friction plate support plate of the third moving friction plate assembly are welded with a 30° offset rotation; and so on, the offset rotation increases by 15° each time until the fan-shaped protrusions of the moving friction plate frame and the moving friction plate support plate of the eighth moving friction plate assembly are welded with a 105° offset rotation. When the main shaft rotates, each 15° rotation drives one more moving friction plate assembly to participate in the friction.

4. The buffer-type energy absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner and outer diameters of the static friction pad are both larger than the inner and outer diameters of the dynamic friction pad assembly, and the static friction pad and the dynamic friction pad assembly are installed in an alternating and overlapping manner.

5. The buffer-type energy absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main shaft has keyways symmetrically arranged on both sides, and each keyway is equipped with a large flat key; the two large flat keys serve to position the moving friction plate assembly during installation, and the main shaft transmits torque to the moving friction plate assembly through the large flat keys during use.

6. The buffer-type energy absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The circular plate assembly and the second bearing cover are provided with the other end of the main shaft supported on the circular plate assembly by the second needle roller bearing. The second needle roller bearing is fixed by the second bearing cover, and a skeleton oil seal is provided between the second bearing cover and the second needle roller bearing.

7. The buffer-type energy absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer-type energy absorber is fixed to the foundation pit by the second bolt.

8. The buffer-type energy absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number and compression of the support springs are adjustable, which is used to adjust the friction force between the static friction plate and the dynamic friction plate assembly.

9. The buffer-type energy absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the large shaft is also fixed with a support plate by a third screw.

10. A buffered energy absorption method based on the buffered energy absorber according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Specifically, when the mine car detaches from the main hoisting wire rope during operation, and the mine car hits the barrier and pulls on the three auxiliary ropes on both sides, the auxiliary ropes will pull the wire rope wrapped around the rope wheel assembly. The wire rope will then drive the rope wheel assembly to rotate, which in turn drives the main shaft to rotate. The large flat key on the main shaft will then drive each moving friction plate assembly to rotate in sequence. Every 15° rotation will drive one more moving friction plate assembly to rotate, thus increasing the friction force from small to large, reducing the sudden impact when the mine car is intercepted by the wire rope. When all the moving friction plate assemblies have rotated, the friction force reaches its maximum value. Then, during the rotation of the rope wheel pulled by the mine car, this maximum friction force will gradually convert the kinetic energy of the mine car into frictional heat energy, thus ultimately intercepting the mine car.

Images