A three-dimensional air supply grate

Abstract

The application relates to a three-dimensional air supply grate, and belongs to the technical field of waste incineration grates. The three-dimensional air supply grate comprises a supporting frame, a plurality of guide sleeves arranged in an array, a plurality of vertically-extended air supply pipes, a heat insulation layer and a plurality of lifting mechanisms. A plurality of grate pieces extending leftward and rightward and arranged at intervals in front and back are arranged on the supporting frame. The axes of the guide sleeves all extend vertically and are fixedly arranged in the plurality of grate pieces. The air supply pipes are slidably arranged in the guide sleeves. The top end of the air supply pipe is closed, and the bottom is provided with an air inlet. A plurality of groups of air outlet holes arranged at intervals in up and down directions are arranged on the top wall of the air supply pipe. The heat insulation layer is arranged below the supporting frame, and the bottom of the air supply pipe is slidably arranged on the heat insulation layer. The plurality of lifting mechanisms are arranged below the heat insulation layer. The lifting output ends of the lifting mechanisms are connected with the air supply pipes, and the air supply pipes are driven to reciprocatingly move up and down. The three-dimensional air supply grate can make oxygen more uniformly penetrate into waste, and improve waste combustion efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste incineration grate technology, and in particular to a three-dimensional air supply grate. Background Technology

[0002] Mechanical grate furnaces are currently the mainstream technology for municipal solid waste incineration. Their basic working principle is as follows: waste is conveyed to the grate via a feeding device, and under the mechanical movement of the grate, it sequentially passes through the drying section, combustion section, and burnout section, ultimately completing incineration, with the residue discharged. Throughout the process, providing sufficient and properly distributed oxygen to the burning waste is crucial to ensuring complete and stable combustion and achieving source control of pollutants.

[0003] Traditional grate furnace oxygen supply systems mainly rely on the primary air system. The primary air is usually drawn from the top of the furnace or the waste storage pit by a blower. After being preheated, it passes through the waste layer from bottom to top through the gaps between the grate bars in the air chamber below the grate. For example, the flue gas circulating drying type waste incinerator disclosed in the patent with authorization announcement number CN104501174B includes a furnace body, a furnace chamber inside the furnace body, a hopper at one end of the furnace body, and an ash discharge pipe at the other end. The upper end of the furnace body is also provided with a flue gas emission channel communicating with the furnace chamber. A grate is provided at the bottom of the furnace chamber. The section of the grate near the hopper end is a drying zone, and the section near the ash discharge pipe end is a combustion zone. A drying air chamber is provided at the bottom of the furnace body below the drying zone, and an oxygen supply air chamber is provided at the bottom of the furnace body below the combustion zone. The outer end of the flue gas emission channel is connected to a boiler superheater. A flue gas pipe is led out from the side of the boiler superheater. An exhaust fan is provided on the flue gas pipe. The outer end of the flue gas pipe is connected to the drying air chamber. Several air pipes are connected to the oxygen supply air chamber.

[0004] The incinerator uses air pipes to guide air from the oxygen supply chamber upwards to the waste above the grate, supplying oxygen to the burning waste. However, this method makes it difficult for oxygen to penetrate into the waste layer, especially thick, dense waste blocks, easily causing localized oxygen deficiency and resulting in incomplete combustion of some waste. This not only reduces the overall incineration efficiency but also affects the loss on ignition rate of the ash after combustion, leading to incomplete and ineffective combustion of the waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a three-dimensional air-supply grate to solve the technical problem in existing waste incineration grates where air supply is difficult to penetrate the thick layer of waste, resulting in incomplete and ineffective combustion of waste.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a three-dimensional air-supply grate with the following technical solution:

[0007] A three-dimensional air-supply grate includes a support frame, on which multiple grate plates extending laterally and spaced out front to back are mounted, and further includes:

[0008] Multiple guide sleeves are arranged in an array, each guide sleeve having an axis that extends vertically and is fixedly mounted on multiple grate plates;

[0009] Multiple vertically extending air supply pipes are slidably installed in each guide sleeve. The top of the air supply pipe is closed and the bottom is provided with an air inlet. The vertical pipe wall of the air supply pipe is provided with multiple sets of air outlets arranged at intervals. Each set of air outlets includes multiple air outlets evenly arranged along the circumference of the air supply pipe.

[0010] The insulation layer is located below the support frame. The bottom of the air supply duct slides up and down through the insulation layer, and the air inlet is located below the insulation layer.

[0011] Multiple lifting mechanisms are located below the insulation layer. The lifting output end of each lifting mechanism is connected to each air supply pipe to drive each air supply pipe to move up and down reciprocally.

[0012] Using the above technical solution, when waste is burned on the grate, the air supply pipe is inserted into the waste from bottom to top. The air discharged from the air outlet group can be blown into the waste horizontally. Compared with the existing technology that only introduces oxygen into the waste from the bottom of the grate, this changes the two-dimensional air supply mode into a three-dimensional air supply mode. Oxygen can be delivered more evenly into the waste and penetrate it, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the waste and enabling it to burn more cleanly and thoroughly. When the air supply pipe moves upward, it can also push the waste to move, physically disrupting the stacking structure of the waste and rearranging the waste layers. The action of the air supply pipe inserting into the waste can open a new airflow channel in the waste layer. After the air supply pipe is removed, the airflow channel in the waste is still retained and can serve as a priority ventilation path for subsequent combustion, which is conducive to the entry of oxygen blown in by the subsequent primary air system.

[0013] By setting up a heat insulation layer and placing the lifting mechanism below it, the lifting mechanism can be prevented from being affected by the high temperature above the grate, ensuring that the lifting mechanism can work stably.

[0014] Furthermore, each air outlet is inclined downward from the inside of the air supply pipe to the outside of the air supply pipe. The plane tangential to the air supply pipe wall where the intersection of the air outlet axis and the air supply pipe wall is located is defined as tangential plane A. The projection of the air outlet axis on the horizontal plane forms an acute angle α with tangential plane A, so that each air outlet is arranged in a spiral direction on the air supply pipe wall.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the downward tilt of the air outlet can prevent particulate impurities from accumulating inside the outlet, making it less prone to blockage by particulate matter. The multiple air outlets in the air outlet group are arranged in a vortex, allowing the gas discharged from the outlet to form a vortex outside the air supply pipe. This enhances the combined ability of the air to penetrate and agitate the waste, creating a slight disturbance to the waste outside the air supply pipe and thus improving combustion efficiency.

[0016] Furthermore, the air outlets in any two adjacent sets of air outlets rotate in opposite directions.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the air outlets in two adjacent sets of air outlets rotate in opposite directions, so that the disturbance direction of each set of air outlets to the surrounding garbage is opposite, thereby generating a slight shearing effect between different garbage layers, allowing the garbage to better combine with oxygen for incineration.

[0018] Furthermore, the spacing between adjacent sets of air outlets in the air supply duct increases arithmetically from top to bottom.

[0019] Furthermore, an embedded tube is installed inside the air supply pipe. The top of the embedded tube is closed and the bottom is open. The top of the vertical wall of the air supply pipe is provided with a strip-shaped hole group. The strip-shaped hole group includes multiple vertically extending strip-shaped holes that correspond one-to-one with each air outlet hole in the air outlet group in the circumference of the embedded tube. An elastic element that can extend and retract vertically is connected between the embedded tube and the insulation layer. When the elastic element is in a free state, the strip-shaped hole group at the top of the embedded tube is higher than the grate plate. A main air supply port is provided on the horizontal wall at the top of the embedded tube. An adjustment switch is provided at the main air supply port. The adjustment switch is used to open the main air supply port when the air supply pipe is inserted into the waste and to close the main air supply port when the air supply pipe moves downward.

[0020] The above technical solution includes an embedded tube inside the air supply pipe. The input gas enters the embedded tube and then enters the air supply pipe. The top of the embedded tube is equipped with a main air supply port and an adjustment switch. During the process of the air supply pipe moving upward and being inserted into the garbage, the main air supply port is closed and no gas is supplied to the air supply pipe. When the air supply pipe moves upward and is fully inserted into the garbage, the main air supply port opens. At this time, the gas can flow from the embedded tube into the air supply pipe and then be discharged into the garbage. The air supply pipe does not exhaust gas during the process of being inserted into the garbage. It begins to exhaust gas after being fully inserted into the garbage, which is conducive to the instantaneous ejection of the discharged gas towards the garbage on the side, enhancing the penetration effect on the garbage. When the air supply duct descends, the main air supply port is closed. Before each air outlet group on the air supply duct passes through the strip hole group in sequence, a sealed space is formed inside the embedded tube. The gas discharged from the air source continuously enters the embedded tube, causing the pressure inside the embedded tube to increase. When each air outlet group moves down to correspond with the strip hole group, the gas inside the embedded tube is instantly ejected from the air outlet group at high speed, knocking away the dust and impurities embedded in the air outlet, thus achieving self-cleaning of the air outlet.

[0021] Furthermore, the regulating switch includes an regulating disc, which is mounted on the inner tube and rotates around the axis of the connecting shaft, closely attached to the horizontal inner wall of the top of the inner tube. The main air supply port includes multiple air supply holes evenly arranged around the axis of the connecting shaft. The regulating disc includes multiple blocking blades, the same number as the number of air supply holes. The regulating disc can be rotated so that each blocking blade corresponds to each air supply hole to block the main air supply port, and can also be rotated so that each blocking blade is staggered from each air supply hole to expose the main air supply port.

[0022] Furthermore, a vertically extending connecting shaft is rotatably installed on the horizontal pipe wall at the top of the air supply pipe. The connecting shaft and the air supply pipe are fixed in relative position in the vertical direction. The connecting shaft is rotatably inserted through the top pipe wall of the embedded pipe. The bottom of the connecting shaft has a spiral section. A support block is fixed in the bottom cavity of the embedded pipe. The support block has ventilation holes that run vertically through it. The spiral section spirally inserts through the support block. When the air supply pipe moves upward, the spiral section moves upward relative to the support block and rotates. A torsion spring is provided between the adjusting plate and the embedded pipe. When the torsion spring is in a free state, the blocking blades on the adjusting plate block each air supply hole one by one. A vertically extending lever is connected to the bottom of the adjusting plate. The bottom end of the lever is hemispherical. A swivel is provided on the outer wall of the connecting shaft. When the air supply pipe moves upward to be inserted into the garbage, the swivel moves to the same height as the lever. The swivel rotates with the connecting shaft and drives the lever to rotate. The lever drives the adjusting plate to rotate so that the air supply holes are exposed.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the relative movement of the air supply pipe and the embedded pipe drives the connecting shaft to rotate, thereby driving the lever to rotate, which in turn drives the adjustment disc to rotate and open the main air supply port. There is no need to add a power component to control the rotation of the adjustment disc, which can save power costs.

[0024] Furthermore, the connecting shaft is hollow inside and open at the bottom, with an air outlet hole on the top side wall of the connecting shaft, and the bottom of the connecting shaft is connected to the branch air source.

[0025] Using the above technical solution, the connecting shaft guides the gas from the branch air source to the top of the air supply duct, creating a slight positive pressure inside the duct. This prevents negative pressure from forming between the air supply duct and the embedded tube as the duct extends upwards relative to the embedded tube, thus avoiding the intake of external dust through the air outlet. The connecting shaft serves multiple purposes, simplifies the structure, and saves space.

[0026] Furthermore, the outer periphery of the top of the air supply pipe is provided with an inverted conical top sealing edge. When the air supply pipe moves down, the top sealing edge can be inserted into the top of the gap between the air supply pipe and the guide sleeve to seal the top of the area between the air supply pipe and the guide sleeve. At the same time, the air outlet group and the strip hole group at the top are horizontally opposite each other and are both located at the top of the inner cavity of the guide sleeve.

[0027] Using the above technical solution, when the air supply pipe moves downward, the top sealing edge will seal the top of the gap between the guide sleeve and the air supply pipe. The air outlet group and the strip hole group at the top are directly opposite each other and located inside the guide sleeve. High-pressure gas is blown downward from the gap between the guide sleeve and the air supply pipe, blowing away the dust in the gap between the guide sleeve and the air supply pipe, cleaning the gap between the guide sleeve and the air supply pipe, and avoiding blockage.

[0028] Furthermore, the outer wall of the portion of the air supply pipe located below the guide sleeve is provided with a tapered bottom sealing edge. The bottom sealing edge is used to insert into the bottom of the gap between the air supply pipe and the guide sleeve as the air supply pipe moves upward, so as to seal the bottom end of the area between the air supply pipe and the guide sleeve. The vertical pipe wall of the embedded pipe is also provided with a horizontally penetrating inner air inlet hole. When the elastic element is in a free state, the inner air inlet hole is located at the bottom of the inner side of the guide sleeve. The air supply pipe is provided with an outer air inlet hole. When the bottom sealing edge is inserted into the bottom end of the gap between the air supply pipe and the guide sleeve, the outer air inlet hole and the inner air inlet hole are horizontally opposite each other and both are located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the guide sleeve.

[0029] Using the above technical solution, when the air supply pipe moves upward, the bottom sealing edge seals the bottom end of the gap between the guide sleeve and the air supply pipe. The outer air inlet and the inner air inlet are opposite each other and located inside the guide sleeve. The gas is blown into the space between the guide sleeve and the air supply pipe through the outer air inlet and the inner air inlet and blows the dust in the gap upward. Combined with the above top sealing edge, the dust in the gap between the guide sleeve and the air supply pipe is blown bidirectionally, which improves the anti-clogging effect and ensures that the air supply pipe can slide smoothly inside the guide sleeve.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the three-dimensional air-supply grate provided by this invention are as follows: By inserting the air supply pipe from bottom to top into the waste to supply air, this invention improves the penetration effect of oxygen into the waste, enhances the combustion efficiency, and ensures more complete combustion of the waste. Through the double-layer sleeve structure, the gas can create an impact effect on the air outlet when the air supply pipe moves downward, thereby achieving self-cleaning of the air outlet and improving the anti-clogging effect of the air supply pipe. This invention can also perform bidirectional purging of the area between the guide sleeve and the air supply pipe, thereby avoiding blockage and jamming caused by dust accumulation between the guide sleeve and the air supply pipe, ensuring that the air supply pipe can smoothly slide up and down in the complex incinerator environment. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a three-dimensional air-supply grate provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0033] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional air-supply grate provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of a single air supply duct in the middle section;

[0035] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point B;

[0036] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point C;

[0037] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point D;

[0038] Figure 8 A sectional view of the internal structure of the air supply pipe in a three-dimensional air supply grate provided by the present invention, viewed from below.

[0039] Figure 9 A front view of the air supply pipe in a three-dimensional air supply grate provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 10 A top view of the air supply pipe in a three-dimensional air supply grate provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 11 The image shows a right view of the support base in a three-dimensional air-supply grate provided by the present invention.

[0042] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0043] 1. Grate bars; 2. Crossbeam; 3. Reinforcing plate; 4. Connecting block; 5. Connecting plate; 6. Guide sleeve; 7. Air supply pipe; 701. Air outlet; 702. Top sealing edge; 703. Long strip hole; 704. Bottom sealing edge; 705. External air inlet; 8. Insulation layer; 9. Upper support plate; 10. U-shaped bracket; 11. Idler roller; 12. Chain; 13. Sprocket; 14. Lifting mechanism; 15. Support base; 16. Guide rod; 17. Sealing sleeve; 18. Baffle; 181. Pressure stabilizing hole one; 19. Elastic Components; 20. Mounting plate; 201. Pressure stabilizing hole II; 21. Paddle; 22. Embedded tube; 221. Strip hole; 222. Air supply hole; 223. Internal air inlet hole; 23. Support block; 231. Ventilation hole; 24. Adjusting disc; 241. Baffle blade; 25. Connecting shaft; 26. L-shaped limit plate; 27. Paddle lever; 28. Slider; 29. ​​Connecting rod; 30. Support rod; 31. Spiral sleeve; 32. Sealing plate; 33. Locking block; 331. Extension end; 34. Upper stop block; 35. Lower stop block; 36. Unlocking plate. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described below are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] The following is one embodiment of a three-dimensional air-supply grate provided by the present invention:

[0046] like Figures 1-11 As shown, a three-dimensional air-supply grate is used to be arranged in the combustion chamber, including a support frame, grate plates 1, guide sleeves 6, air supply pipes 7 and lifting mechanism 14.

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the support frame includes multiple front-to-back extending crossbeams 2, which are arranged at equal intervals on the left and right sides. The crossbeams 2 are made of I-beams. Multiple reinforcing plates 3 are arranged at intervals on both sides of the web of the crossbeam 2. The reinforcing plates 3 on both sides of the web of the crossbeam 2 are symmetrically arranged. Expansion bolts pass through the four reinforcing plates 3 located at the front and rear ends of the crossbeam 2 to connect the crossbeam 2 to the furnace wall.

[0048] A strip-shaped connecting block 4 extending forward and backward is provided above the crossbeam 2. The connecting block 4 is fixedly connected to the wing plate at the top of the crossbeam 2 by connecting bolts.

[0049] The grate bars 1 consist of multiple bars, each extending horizontally and spaced apart horizontally. The grate bars 1 are located above the support frame. Each grate bar 1 has multiple connecting plates 5, the same number as the crossbeams 2, evenly spaced horizontally, connected to its bottom. The bottom of each connecting plate 5 has a downward-facing U-shaped inlet. The connecting plates 5 at the bottom of each grate bar 1 cover each connecting block 4 through the U-shaped inlet and are fixedly welded to the connecting block 4. The spacing between the multiple grate bars 1 ensures that waste falling above the grate will not fall through the gaps; it will only fall through the gaps after being burned to ash.

[0050] The multi-grate structure 1 includes four main grate bars, each wider than the others. These four main grate bars are arranged at intervals, and each main grate bar has a drive chain assembly below it. The drive chain assembly includes two sprockets 13 and a chain 12 fitted around the outside of the sprockets 13. The two sprockets 13 are located on the left and right sides of the support frame, respectively, and the horizontal sections of the chain 12 are located on the upper and lower sides of the support frame, respectively. Figure 2 As shown, the top of the crossbeam 2 is connected to an upper support plate 9 extending to the left and right to support the upper horizontal section of the chain 12, as... Figure 1As shown, the bottom of the crossbeam 2 is connected to a U-shaped bracket 10 with the opening facing upward. The bottom of the U-shaped bracket 10 is provided with a roller 11 extending back and forth along its axis. The roller 11 is located below the chain 12 and is used to support the horizontal section of the chain 12 located below.

[0051] Two sets of drive chains located at the front and two sets at the rear form two sets of conveying assemblies. In each conveying assembly, a strip-shaped slider 28 extending forward and backward is connected between the upper horizontal sections of the two chains 12. The slider 28 is connected to the chain 12 via a support rod 30. The slider 28 is located above the grate plate 1, slightly higher than the grate plate 1. Each conveying assembly drives the corresponding slider 28 to move back and forth in the left-right direction above the grate plate 1. The two sets of conveying assemblies drive two sliders 28 to move in opposite directions above the grate plate 1, pushing the waste above the grate plate 1 away from the grate in two different directions after the waste is incinerated. The height of the slider 28 is less than the thickness of the waste above the grate. As the slider 28 moves back and forth, it pushes the incinerated waste down layer by layer from bottom to top.

[0052] Multiple guide sleeves 6 are provided and arranged in an array. Each guide sleeve 6 is square tube-shaped and extends in the vertical direction. Each guide sleeve 6 is inserted into multiple grate plates 1 and fixed on the grate plates 1. The top surface of the guide sleeve 6 is flush with the top surface of the grate plate 1.

[0053] The number of air supply ducts 7 is the same as that of guide sleeves 6, and they are respectively installed inside the aforementioned guide sleeves 6. The air supply ducts 7 are square tubes, closed at the top and have an air inlet at the bottom. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the top of the vertical pipe wall of the air supply pipe 7 is provided with multiple sets of air outlet holes arranged vertically and horizontally. Each set of air outlet holes includes a total of eight air outlet holes 701 opened on the four vertical pipe walls of the air supply pipe 7. Each vertical pipe wall has two air outlet holes 701 arranged horizontally and horizontally. The interval between two adjacent sets of air outlet holes increases sequentially from top to bottom.

[0054] like Figure 9 As shown, each air outlet 701 is inclined downward from the inside of the air supply pipe 7 to the outside of the air supply pipe 7. The plane on the two pipe walls that are perpendicular to the two sides of the pipe wall where the air outlet 701 is located, and the hole axis of the air outlet 701 is defined as plane B. Plane B forms an acute angle β with the horizontal plane, and the acute angle β is 30°.

[0055] like Figure 10As shown, the plane tangential to the wall of the air supply pipe 7, where the intersection of the hole axis of the air outlet 701 and the pipe wall of the air supply pipe 7 is located, is defined as tangent plane A. For the square-shaped air supply pipe 7, the outer wall surface of the air supply pipe 7 where the air outlet 701 is located is tangent plane A. The projection of the hole axis of each air outlet 701 in the horizontal direction forms an acute angle α with tangent plane A, so that each air outlet 701 is arranged in a spiral direction on the pipe wall of the air supply pipe 7. The acute angle α is 55°, and the spiral direction of the air outlet 701 in each two adjacent sets of air outlets is opposite.

[0056] like Figure 9 As shown, the top of the air supply duct 7 is provided with an inverted conical top sealing edge 702, such as... Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, each of the left and right walls of the middle section of the air supply duct 7 has a vertically extending elongated hole 703. The outer wall of the middle section of the air supply duct 7 also has a conical bottom sealing edge 704, located below the guide sleeve 6 and above the elongated hole 703. Figure 7 As shown, an external air inlet 705 is also provided above the bottom sealing edge 704 on the air supply duct 7.

[0057] like Figure 4 , Figure 6 As shown, each air supply duct 7 has an embedded tube 22 inside. The embedded tube 22 is a square tube with a closed top and an open bottom. The top of the vertical wall of the embedded tube 22 has a set of strip-shaped holes. The set of strip-shaped holes includes eight vertically extending strip-shaped holes 221 on the four walls of the embedded tube 22. Each strip-shaped hole 221 in the set of strip-shaped holes corresponds one-to-one with each air outlet 701 in the air outlet group in the circumferential direction of the embedded tube 22.

[0058] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, a support block 23 is fixed in the middle of the inner cavity of the inner tube 22, and a spiral sleeve 31 is fixedly inserted in the middle of the support block 23. The support block 23 is also provided with a number of ventilation holes 231 that pass through from top to bottom.

[0059] like Figure 7 As shown, the inner tube 22 is also provided with an inner air inlet 223, which is located below the support block 23.

[0060] like Figure 6 As shown, a main air supply port is also provided on the horizontal pipe wall at the top of the embedded tube 22. The main air supply port includes four vertically penetrating air supply holes 222 evenly arranged around the connecting shaft 25. An adjustment switch is also provided below the horizontal pipe wall at the top of the embedded tube 22. The adjustment switch includes an adjustment disc 24, which is rotatably mounted on the embedded tube 22 about its vertical central axis. A torsion spring is provided between the adjustment disc 24 and the embedded tube 22. Figure 8 As shown, the regulating plate 24 includes four shielding blades 241 evenly distributed around the central axis of the regulating plate 24. The top surface of the regulating plate 24 is in contact with the bottom surface of the horizontal pipe wall in the embedded tube 22. When the torsion spring is in a free state, each shielding blade 241 blocks each air supply hole 222 to seal the main air supply port.

[0061] The bottom of the adjustment disc 24 is connected to two horizontally symmetrical and vertically extending levers 27, the bottom of which is hemispherical.

[0062] like Figure 5 As shown, a connecting rod 29 is connected to each of the left and right outer side walls of the embedded tube 22. The two connecting rods 29 are arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides. The two connecting rods 29 pass through the two elongated holes 703 on the air supply pipe 7 and extend to the outside of the air supply pipe 7 and are connected to the mounting plate 20.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown, a heat insulation layer 8 is provided below the support frame, and a receiving space for placing power components is provided below the heat insulation layer 8, allowing the air duct 7 to slide vertically through the heat insulation layer 8, as shown. Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, a support seat 15 is provided on each of the left and right sides of the air supply pipe 7 on the heat insulation layer 8. The support seat 15 is fixedly connected to the heat insulation layer 8 by expansion bolts. A vertically extending guide rod 16 is connected to the top of the support seat 15. The two mounting plates 20 mentioned above are slidably fitted on the outside of the two guide rods 16 respectively.

[0064] A circular baffle 18 is vertically connected to the top of the guide rod 16. An elastic element 19 is connected between the baffle 18 and the mounting plate 20. The elastic element 19 is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod 16. A vertically extending sealing sleeve 17 is connected to the top of the mounting plate 20. The sealing sleeve 17 is sleeved on the outside of the baffle 18. The edge of the baffle 18 has a pressure stabilizing hole 181 that runs vertically through it. The elastic element 19 is located inside the sealing sleeve 17 to prevent particulate impurities from getting stuck inside the elastic element 19 and affecting its expansion and contraction. The mounting plate 20 also has a second pressure stabilizing hole 201 that is vertically opposite to the inner cavity of the sealing sleeve 17. The second pressure stabilizing hole 201 communicates with the inner cavity of the sealing sleeve 17 to maintain stable pressure inside the sealing sleeve 17.

[0065] The aforementioned elastic element 19 is a tension spring. The inner tube 22 can move downwards to stretch the elastic element 19, but cannot move upwards to contract it. When the elastic element 19 is in a free state, the strip-shaped hole group on the inner tube 22 is higher than the grate plate 1.

[0066] like Figure 11As shown, a locking structure is also provided between the mounting plate 20 and the support base 15. The locking structure is used to restrict the downward movement of the inner tube 22 when the air supply pipe 7 moves downward relative to the inner tube 22, so as to prevent the inner tube 22 from being driven downward by the friction of the air supply pipe 7, and to ensure that the inner tube 22 can only be driven downward when the top inner wall of the air supply pipe 7 contacts the top surface of the inner tube 22.

[0067] The locking structure includes a locking block 33 hinged to a support base 15 about a rotation axis extending to the left and right. The locking block 33 is L-shaped and has an extension end 331 extending to the horizontal outer side of the mounting plate 20. A torsion spring 2 is provided between the locking block 33 and the support base 15. When the torsion spring 2 is in a free state, the vertical section of the locking block 33 is supported directly below the mounting plate 20 and slightly inclined to the side opposite to the horizontal section of the locking block 33. An upper stop block 34 is connected to the bottom of the locking block 33, and a lower stop block 35 is provided on the support base 15. When the torsion spring 2 is in a free state, the lower stop block 35 is positioned below the upper stop block 34. The vertical end of the locking block 33 supports the mounting plate 20 to prevent the mounting plate 20 from sliding downward.

[0068] Unlocking plates 36 are connected to the pipe walls on both the front and rear sides of the air supply pipe 7. The unlocking plates 36 are located above the extension end 331 of the locking block 33. When the air supply pipe 7 moves down to the point where its top inner wall is about to contact the top surface of the embedded tube 22, the extension end 331 is pushed downward by the unlocking plates 36, thereby causing the vertical section of the locking block 33 to swing to the horizontal outer side of the mounting plate 20, so that the embedded tube 22 is unlocked. The embedded tube 22 can move down synchronously under the push of the top inner wall of the air supply pipe 7, so that the strip hole group in the embedded tube 22 can move down to the inside of the guide sleeve 6, while making room above the grate.

[0069] like Figure 5 , Figure 11 As shown, an L-shaped limiting plate 26 is also connected to the support base 15. When the elastic member 19 is in a free state, the horizontal section of the L-shaped limiting plate 26 abuts against the top surface of the mounting plate 20 to restrict the upward movement of the mounting plate 20, that is, to restrict the upward movement of the embedded tube 22.

[0070] like Figures 4-7 As shown, a vertically extending connecting shaft 25 is rotatably inserted through the horizontal pipe wall at the top of the air supply duct 7. The connecting shaft 25 and the horizontal pipe wall of the air supply duct 7 are relatively fixed in the vertical direction. The connecting shaft 25 also passes through the horizontal pipe wall at the top of the embedded pipe 22. The bottom of the connecting shaft 25 has a spiral section, which is inserted into the aforementioned spiral sleeve 31 and screwed into the spiral sleeve 31. When the air supply duct 7 moves upward relative to the embedded pipe 22, the connecting shaft 25 rotates under the spiral engagement with the spiral sleeve 31, as shown. Figure 6 , Figure 8As shown, two horizontally symmetrically arranged paddles 21 are also connected to the outer wall of the middle section of the connecting shaft 25.

[0071] The connecting shaft 25 is hollow inside and open at the bottom. Multiple air outlet holes extending radially along the top of the side wall of the connecting shaft 25 are evenly arranged.

[0072] A sealing plate 32 is connected to the bottom of the connecting shaft 25. The sealing plate 32 is a square plate that fits inside the embedded tube 22. The connecting shaft 25 can rotate relative to the sealing plate 32, and the positions of the connecting shaft 25 and the sealing plate 32 are relatively fixed in the vertical direction. The sealing plate 32 is located below the support block 23. The area of ​​the sealing plate 32 directly below the ventilation hole 231 is a solid part. The area offset from the ventilation hole 231 has a vertically penetrating air passage. This allows gas to enter the area above the support block 23 in the embedded tube 22 through the air passage and ventilation hole 231 when the sealing plate 32 is not in contact with the support block 23. When the sealing plate 32 is in contact with the support block 23, the ventilation hole 231 is blocked, and gas cannot enter the area above the support block 23.

[0073] Multiple lifting mechanisms 14 are provided, all arranged within the accommodating space. The lifting mechanism 14 uses a lifting hydraulic cylinder, with the piston rod end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder hinged to the bottom end of the air supply pipe 7. The lifting hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the air supply pipe 7 to move up and down reciprocally.

[0074] The containment space also includes a main air source for supplying air into the air supply duct 7 and an auxiliary air source for maintaining stable pressure within the air supply duct 7. The outlet of the main air source is connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the air supply duct 7 via a flexible hose (first type), and the outlet of the auxiliary air source is connected to the bottom end of the connecting shaft 25 via a flexible hose (second type) that passes through the air supply duct 7. One end of the flexible hose (second type) is fixed to the air supply duct 7, and the other end is connected to the bottom end of the connecting shaft 25 via a high-temperature resistant rotary sealing joint. The length of the flexible hose (second type) ensures that it will not be pulled during the up-and-down movement of the connecting shaft 25.

[0075] The aforementioned air supply duct 7 and embedded duct 22 are both made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant ZG25Cr25Ni16 heat-resistant cast steel, and the aforementioned flexible hose one and flexible hose two are both made of high-temperature resistant metal hoses.

[0076] A main air supply system is also provided below the grate, and the air supply pipe 7 is only for auxiliary air supply.

[0077] In use, the waste to be incinerated is poured onto the grate plate 1, and the combustion and air supply devices are started, initiating combustion. During combustion, the lifting mechanism 14 drives the air supply pipe 7 upward, inserting it into the waste and causing vertical flow in the waste layer structure.

[0078] The air supply pipe 7 first moves upward relative to the inner tube 22 and is inserted into the inside of the garbage from bottom to top. During this process, the auxiliary air source supplies air to the inside of the connecting shaft 25. A small amount of airflow is discharged into the air supply pipe 7 through the air outlet at the top of the connecting shaft 25, so that a slight positive pressure is formed inside the air supply pipe 7, preventing external dust from entering the air supply pipe 7 during the process of the air supply pipe 7 moving upward relative to the inner tube 22.

[0079] During the upward movement of the air supply pipe 7, the connecting shaft 25 is driven to rotate due to the helical engagement with the spiral sleeve 31. The lever 21 is driven to move upward and rotate. When the air supply pipe 7 is fully inserted into the garbage and all the sets of air outlets on it are exposed, the lever 21 moves upward to be horizontally aligned with the lever 27 and drives the lever 27 to rotate at a set angle, thus opening the main air supply port. At this time, the air supply pipe 7 stops moving upward, and the main air source begins to supply air into the air supply pipe 7. Oxygen is discharged from the sets of air outlets on the air supply pipe 7 and injected into the garbage layer in a swirling motion, making the garbage burn more completely.

[0080] After the air supply pipe 7 stays in the garbage layer for a period of time, the lifting mechanism 14 first causes the air supply pipe 7 to continue to move upward, so that the bottom sealing edge 704 of the outer side of the air supply pipe 7 is inserted into the bottom end of the gap between the guide sleeve 6 and the air supply pipe 7. At this time, the sealing plate 32 is in contact with the support block 23, and the ventilation hole 231 on the support block 23 is blocked. At the same time, the inner air inlet 223 and the outer air inlet 705 are horizontally opposite each other. The gas delivered from the bottom of the embedded pipe 22 enters the gap between the guide sleeve 6 and the air supply pipe 7 through the inner air inlet 223 and the outer air inlet 705 and flows upward, blowing away the dust and impurities in the gap between the guide sleeve 6 and the air supply pipe 7.

[0081] Then, the air supply pipe 7 is driven to move down. During the downward movement, the lever 21 first leaves the lever 27, the adjusting plate 24 is reset, and the main air supply port is closed again. At this time, the gas discharged from the main air source is locked in the inner tube 22, and the pressure in the inner tube 22 increases. When the air supply pipe 7 moves down to the position of each air outlet group on it and is horizontally aligned with the strip hole group on the inner tube 22, the gas in the inner tube 22 is quickly ejected from the corresponding strip hole group, flushing out the impurity particles stuck in the air outlet 701 and automatically cleaning the air outlet 701.

[0082] After each air outlet group passes through the strip hole group in sequence, the air supply pipe 7 continues to move downward. The unlocking plate 36 drives the locking block 33 to rotate by pushing the extension end 331. The vertical section of the locking block 33 rotates away from directly below the mounting plate 20. Then, the air supply pipe 7 can push the inner tube 22 to move downward synchronously through the top pipe wall. At this time, the air outlet group at the top of the air supply pipe 7 corresponds horizontally with the strip hole group on the inner tube 22 and moves into the guide sleeve 6. The top sealing edge 702 is inserted into the top of the gap between the guide sleeve 6 and the air supply pipe 7. The gas in the inner tube 22 is blown into the gap between the air supply pipe 7 and the guide sleeve 6 and flows from top to bottom in the gap, flushing away the dust stuck in the gap between the air supply pipe 7 and the guide sleeve 6. The gap area is cleaned regularly to prevent the air supply pipe 7 from being obstructed in the sliding within the guide sleeve 6.

[0083] Since the bottom layer of waste is usually burned to ash first, the conveying component needs to be activated intermittently in the later stage of incineration. This causes the two sliders 28 to slide back and forth intermittently above the grate plate 1. The sliders 28 push the waste above the grate away from the grate layer by layer from bottom to top. The waste leaves the grate in layers after incineration, which can ensure that the upper layer of waste is fully burned.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional air-supply grate, comprising a support frame, wherein the support frame is provided with a plurality of grate plates extending laterally and arranged at intervals front to back, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple guide sleeves are arranged in an array, each guide sleeve having an axis that extends vertically and is fixedly mounted on multiple grate plates; Multiple vertically extending air supply pipes are slidably installed in each guide sleeve. The top of the air supply pipe is closed and the bottom is provided with an air inlet. The vertical pipe wall of the air supply pipe is provided with multiple sets of air outlets arranged at intervals. Each set of air outlets includes multiple air outlets evenly arranged along the circumference of the air supply pipe. The insulation layer is located below the support frame. The bottom of the air supply duct slides up and down through the insulation layer, and the air inlet is located below the insulation layer. Multiple lifting mechanisms are located below the insulation layer. The lifting output end of each lifting mechanism is connected to each air supply pipe to drive each air supply pipe to move up and down reciprocally.

2. The three-dimensional air-supply grate according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each air outlet is inclined downward from the inside of the air supply pipe to the outside of the air supply pipe. The plane tangential to the air supply pipe wall where the intersection of the air outlet axis and the air supply pipe wall is located is defined as tangent plane A. The projection of the air outlet axis on the horizontal plane forms an acute angle α with tangent plane A, so that each air outlet is arranged in a spiral direction on the air supply pipe wall.

3. A three-dimensional air-supply grate according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air outlets in any two adjacent sets of air outlets rotate in opposite directions.

4. A three-dimensional air-supply grate according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The spacing between two adjacent sets of air outlets in the air supply duct increases arithmetically from top to bottom.

5. A three-dimensional air-supply grate according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, An embedded tube is installed inside the air supply duct. The top of the embedded tube is closed and the bottom is open. The top of the vertical wall of the air supply duct has a group of strip-shaped holes. The group of strip-shaped holes includes multiple vertically extending strip-shaped holes that correspond one-to-one with each air outlet hole in the air outlet hole group in the circumference of the embedded tube. An elastic element that can extend and retract vertically is connected between the embedded tube and the insulation layer. When the elastic element is in a free state, the group of strip-shaped holes at the top of the embedded tube is higher than the grate plate. A main air supply port is provided on the horizontal wall at the top of the embedded tube. An adjustment switch is provided at the main air supply port. The adjustment switch is used to open the main air supply port when the air supply duct is inserted into the waste and to close the main air supply port when the air supply duct moves downward.

6. A three-dimensional air-supply grate according to claim 5, characterized in that, The regulating switch includes an regulating disc, which is mounted on the inner tube and rotates around the axis of the connecting shaft. The main air supply port includes multiple air supply holes evenly arranged around the axis of the connecting shaft. The regulating disc includes multiple blocking blades, the same number as the number of air supply holes. The regulating disc can be rotated so that each blocking blade corresponds to each air supply hole to block the main air supply port, or it can be rotated so that each blocking blade is offset from each air supply hole to expose the main air supply port.

7. A three-dimensional air-supply grate according to claim 6, characterized in that, A vertically extending connecting shaft is rotatably installed on the horizontal pipe wall at the top of the air supply pipe. The connecting shaft and the air supply pipe are fixed in relative position in the vertical direction. The connecting shaft is rotatably inserted through the top pipe wall of the embedded pipe. The bottom of the connecting shaft has a spiral section. A support block is fixed in the bottom cavity of the embedded pipe. The support block has ventilation holes that run vertically through it. The spiral section spirally inserts through the support block. When the air supply pipe moves upward, the spiral section moves upward relative to the support block and rotates. A torsion spring is installed between the adjusting plate and the embedded pipe. When the torsion spring is in a free state, the blocking blades on the adjusting plate block each air supply hole one by one. A vertically extending lever is connected to the bottom of the adjusting plate. The bottom end of the lever is hemispherical. A swivel is provided on the outer wall of the connecting shaft. When the air supply pipe moves upward to be inserted into the garbage, the swivel moves to the same height as the lever. The swivel rotates with the connecting shaft and drives the lever to rotate. The lever drives the adjusting plate to rotate so that the air supply holes are exposed.

8. A three-dimensional air-supply grate according to claim 7, characterized in that, The connecting shaft is hollow inside and open at the bottom. There is an air outlet hole on the top side wall of the connecting shaft, and the bottom of the connecting shaft is connected to a branch air source.

9. A three-dimensional air-supply grate according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the top of the air supply pipe is provided with an inverted conical top sealing edge. When the air supply pipe moves down, the top sealing edge can be inserted into the top of the gap between the air supply pipe and the guide sleeve to seal the top of the area between the air supply pipe and the guide sleeve. At the same time, the air outlet group and the strip hole group at the top are horizontally opposite each other and are both located at the top of the inner cavity of the guide sleeve.

10. A three-dimensional air-supply grate according to claim 9, characterized in that, The outer wall of the section of the air supply pipe located below the guide sleeve has a tapered bottom sealing edge. The bottom sealing edge is used to insert into the bottom of the gap between the air supply pipe and the guide sleeve as the air supply pipe moves upward, so as to seal the bottom end of the area between the air supply pipe and the guide sleeve. The vertical pipe wall of the embedded pipe also has a horizontally penetrating inner air inlet hole. When the elastic element is in a free state, the inner air inlet hole is located at the bottom of the inner side of the guide sleeve. The air supply pipe has an outer air inlet hole. When the bottom sealing edge is inserted into the bottom end of the gap between the air supply pipe and the guide sleeve, the outer air inlet hole and the inner air inlet hole are horizontally opposite each other and both are located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the guide sleeve.

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