Refrigeration method and refrigeration device based on filler and airflow

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigeration, and particularly relates to a refrigeration method and device based on filler and airflow, the method comprises the following steps: under the action of negative pressure and airflow, water is vaporized on the surface of the filler, the water absorbs vaporization heat in the vaporization process so as to reduce the temperature, and chilled water is obtained; chilled water is used as a working medium, and cold energy is fed into a scene to be refrigerated after the chilled water is directly led out or subjected to heat exchange through a heat exchange system. The refrigerant is used for preparing an air conditioner, a central air conditioner or other refrigerating devices, does not need a compressor, does not need refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbon, alkane and liquid ammonia, and is good in refrigerating effect, simple in manufacturing process, low in cost, high in efficiency, safe to use, economical and environmentally friendly. The device is completely different from the prior art, the development direction of the refrigeration technology is thoroughly changed, and the device has far-reaching influences on the development of the world refrigeration technology, especially the development of the air conditioner industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of refrigeration technology, specifically relating to a refrigeration method and refrigeration device based on packing and airflow. Background Technology

[0002] It is generally believed that the development of refrigerants has gone through four generations. The first generation of refrigerants was characterized by their easy availability; most were common solvents and other volatile working fluids, such as rubber vulcanizates, diethyl ether, carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia, and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Almost all first-generation refrigerants were toxic, flammable, highly corrosive, and unstable, easily causing accidents. The development of second-generation refrigerants opened the door to the artificial synthesis of refrigerants. In the 1930s, the advent of CFCs and HFCs led to their widespread application in the refrigerant industry and also spurred rapid development in refrigeration technology. These are all chlorofluorocarbons, and this generation of refrigerants was characterized by safety, stability, and high efficiency. In the 1970s, scientists discovered the enormous destructive effect of chlorine atoms in chlorohalogenated hydrocarbons on the ozone layer, drawing international attention to the atmospheric environment and prompting the control of the production and consumption of HFCs and HCFCs. The phasing out of HFCs and HCFCs spurred the emergence of third-generation refrigerants for ozone layer protection. These are chlorine-free hydrofluorocarbons, such as HFC-134a and HFC-125. These refrigerants are characterized by not damaging the ozone layer, being non-toxic, and having good stability. However, they do not fully meet the requirements for ideal refrigerants in terms of ODP, GWP, flammability, and toxicity, and they are difficult to match the thermodynamic performance of older CFCs or HCFCs. The fourth-generation refrigerants were proposed to address environmental problems and climate change, prohibiting the use and emissions of hydrofluorocarbons with a greenhouse effect potential greater than 150.

[0003] However, so far, no green refrigerant developed has a pure working medium fluid that can fully meet the requirements of an ideal refrigerant. This has prompted people to pay attention to and study the use of environmentally friendly mixed working fluids to replace existing refrigerants, and to conduct in-depth research on mixed working fluids.

[0004] Research progress on fourth-generation refrigerants In recent years, numerous research institutions and companies worldwide have been conducting research and evaluation on alternative refrigerants, achieving some significant results. Three promising alternative refrigerant routes have been proposed: the first is the development of unsaturated fluorinated olefins (HFOs); the second is the use of natural refrigerants; and the third is the development of mixed refrigerant systems. The advantages of HFOs include an ODP value of 0, low GWP, and non-toxicity. The disadvantages are that most are weakly flammable and currently relatively expensive. In terms of refrigeration performance, single-refrigerant HFOs have small volumetric cooling capacity and low coefficient of performance (COP). The thermal stability, material compatibility, and temperature glide of HFOs in application all need to be considered. Currently, the research focus on HFOs is mainly on tetrafluoropropylene (HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze), and their application is limited to replacing HFC-134a in air conditioning systems. Large-scale replacement of HCFC-22 requires the development of new refrigeration systems. HFO-1234yf, with the chemical formula CF3CF=CF2, exhibits good environmental performance as a refrigerant. It has an ODP value of 0, a low GWP value, low carbon emissions throughout its life cycle, low toxicity, and some controllable flammability. Its thermodynamic properties are similar to HFC-134a. However, compared to HCFC-123H and HFC-134a refrigeration systems, its energy efficiency is lower. HFO-1234yf has been applied to automotive air conditioners and most refrigeration systems currently using HFC-134a. HFO-1234ze, with the chemical formula CF3CH=CHF, also demonstrates good environmental performance as a refrigerant. It has an ODP value of 0, a low GWP value, very low toxicity, and is almost non-flammable.

[0005] Natural refrigerants Natural refrigerants with practical applications include ammonia (R717), carbon dioxide (R744), propane (HC-290), and butane (HC-600), among which alkane refrigerants (HCs) are widely used in freezers and household refrigerators. Liquid carbon dioxide (R744) has excellent environmental performance and is a research hotspot for fourth-generation refrigerant replacement technology. Due to the high saturated vapor pressure of CO2, refrigeration systems need to operate under high pressure conditions. CO2 requires transcritical cycling. Compared with compressors using ordinary refrigerants, CO2 refrigeration systems have characteristics such as high operating pressure, large pressure difference, small pressure ratio, difficulty in controlling the clearance of moving parts, and more difficult lubrication. Therefore, compressor development is a major challenge restricting the development of CO2 refrigerant replacement technology.

[0006] Ammonia (R717) is widely used in refrigeration and industrial applications, and is highly efficient, with performance comparable to HCFC-22. However, due to its flammability, explosiveness, and toxicity, its use in building air conditioning is restricted. If the issues of sealing and explosion-proofing can be resolved, ammonia will be the best alternative to HCFC-22 in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

[0007] Alkane (HC) refrigerants contain no fluorine or chlorine atoms, have an ODP of 0, a low GWP, are non-toxic, and have high theoretical refrigeration efficiency, exhibiting excellent environmental characteristics. Their main drawback is their strong flammability. Currently, the most widely used alkane refrigerants are propane and isobutane. Propane (HC-290), compared to HCFC-22, has an ODP of zero and a GWP of 20. In terms of refrigeration efficiency, HC-290's cycle mass flow rate is about 40% lower than HCFC-22H, and it has a smaller heat exchange temperature difference and a higher heat transfer coefficient. HC-290 has excellent performance and can be widely used in air conditioning, heat pumps, refrigeration, and other fields. Its only drawback is its flammability, requiring technical measures to ensure safe use. Research focuses on reducing system charge and improving safety. The widespread adoption of HC-290 may require an adaptation period in the short term, but its application prospects are very broad.

[0008] Isobutane (HC-600) has similar physical properties to HCFC-12 and has been used in refrigerators as a substitute for HCFC-12 and HCFC-123a refrigerants. However, HC-600a affects the viscosity and foaming properties of lubricating oil, hindering the formation of an oxide layer on the sintered iron surface of the friction pair, thus increasing bearing friction.

[0009] Mixed refrigerants Mixed refrigerants are made by mixing two or more pure refrigerants in a certain proportion. They are classified into azeotropic and non-azeotropic mixed refrigerants based on whether they exhibit azeotropic properties. As early as the third-generation refrigerant era, mixed refrigerants were already being used internationally as an alternative. A typical application example is R500 mixed refrigerant (CFC-12 / HFC-152a azeotropic refrigerant), a technology that began to be used in refrigerators and freezers in 1956, but was discontinued after 1990 due to its high ODP value. Current research on mixed refrigerants mainly focuses on HFC-based and HFO-based mixed refrigerants.

[0010] HFCs (Hybrid Refrigerants) HFC-based mixed refrigerants are currently the most researched and mature mixed refrigerants. DuPont and Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) have developed over a dozen series of products with excellent cooling performance, but relatively high GWP values. Commonly used mixed refrigerants include HFC-410A and HFC-407C. HFC-410A is a near-azeotropic binary mixture of HFC-32 and HFC-125 with a zero ODP value, exhibiting excellent heat transfer and flow characteristics. Because HFC-125 improves upon the flammability and high pressure of HFC-32, it is almost non-flammable and has a small temperature glide. However, its discharge pressure and volumetric cooling capacity are much higher than HCFC-22, making direct charging impossible. Using it requires redesigning the compressor and major components. In retrofitting existing systems, R407C is typically used. HFC-07C is a ternary mixture of HFC-2, HFC-25, and HFC-34a with an ODP value of zero. Its main advantages are its energy efficiency ratio and pressure ratio (the ratio of total compressor outlet pressure to total inlet pressure), which are close to HCFC-2, allowing for direct charging. Its main disadvantage is that its composition changes when the system leaks, affecting system maintenance and performance. HFC-07C's disadvantages include poor heat transfer characteristics and a high GWP value exceeding 1500, significantly impacting the greenhouse effect. my country's domestically developed HFC-52a / HCFC-22 mixed refrigerant features low greenhouse effect, energy saving, and high safety. Its biggest advantage is low technical modification costs; domestic companies can easily implement refrigeration equipment using the new refrigerant with minor modifications to existing production lines. However, it still contains HCFC-2 as its main component, resulting in a high ODP value. Due to the impact of its ODP value, it is gradually being replaced by environmentally friendly refrigerants. HFC-2 / HFC-34a are non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures. During condensation or evaporation under isobaric conditions, their temperature glide occurs. At a mixture composition of 25:75 (molar ratio) and a pressure of 500 kPa, the bubble point temperature glide is 7.3°C; while at 2000 kPa, the dew point temperature glide is 5.8°C. This characteristic can be utilized for isothermal heat transfer. By correctly arranging the fluid flow within the evaporator and condenser pipes, the heat transfer temperature difference can be reduced, thereby improving heat transfer efficiency and cycle efficiency.

[0011] HFC-52a / HFC-25 is a near-azeotropic refrigerant mixture, and its vapor pressure profile is similar to that of HCFC-2. A drawback of HFC-152a is its flammability. Adding a certain amount of non-flammable HFC-125 can suppress its flammability. Although HFC-125 has a higher GWP value, HFC-152a's GWP value is approximately 0. When both are present in the mixture at an appropriate proportion, the mixture's GWP value will decrease to a satisfactory level. Due to greenhouse effect constraints, high-GWP HFC refrigerant mixtures can only be used as transitional or temporary alternatives.

[0012] HFOs mixed refrigerant HFO (Hydrogen-Organic) refrigerants are a new type of refrigerant developed to balance environmental protection and refrigeration performance. Currently, HFO refrigerants can be classified into binary, ternary, and multi-component refrigerants. Binary refrigerants mainly include: HFO-1234yf / HFC-32, HFO-1234yf / HFC1234a, HFO-1234ze / HFC-32, and HFO-1234ze / HFC1234a. Ternary refrigerants include: HFO-1234yf / HFC-32 / HFC1234a and HFO-1234ze / HFC-32 / HFC134a.

[0013] In conclusion, the issue of replacing HCFC-22 refrigerant has not been fully resolved. Natural refrigerants, especially R744 and HC-290, will be ideal refrigerants once mechanical issues such as compressor sealing are resolved. However, resolving these issues still requires time and continuous technological breakthroughs. Mixed refrigerants are a better option with broad development and application prospects.

[0014] HFC-based mixed refrigerants, due to their high GWP (Gross Potential Weapon Power) values, fall under one of the six categories of greenhouse gases listed in the Kyoto Protocol requiring emission reductions and can only be used as transitional refrigerants. Mixed refrigerants composed of HFOs and HFCs can reduce the flammability of HFOs, improve their refrigeration efficiency, and effectively lower the GWP value of HFCs, showing potential as alternative refrigerants. Furthermore, the flammability of HCs hinders their individual application, while mixed working media composed of HFCs and HCs can reduce the flammability of HCs and improve the poor miscibility of HFCs with mineral refrigeration oils. Moreover, the GWP value of the mixture is lower than that of HFCs alone, thus also showing good substitution potential.

[0015] Currently, the refrigerants used in air conditioning both domestically and internationally are all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Chlorine-containing refrigerants not only deplete the ozone layer but are also potent greenhouse gases. While more advanced fluorinated refrigerants are ozone-neutral, their gross vegetative-potential (GWP) values ​​remain high, making them strong greenhouse gases. In short, no refrigerant or refrigeration technology has yet been developed that meets both performance and environmental requirements. With the implementation of climate change treaties such as the Paris Agreement and the Kigali Amendments, the production and sale of various CFC refrigerants with high ODP and GWP values ​​will eventually be completely banned. Relatively environmentally friendly alkanes and liquid ammonia refrigerants also present many problems due to their flammability and other factors. Therefore, researching and finding refrigeration technologies that meet both cooling requirements and environmental safety is a pressing global challenge that requires long-term research. Summary of the Invention

[0016] The purpose of this invention is to provide a refrigeration method based on packing and airflow. Under negative pressure, an airflow is input, and the water on the surface of the packing in the packing tube is vaporized and absorbs heat under the blowing of the airflow, thereby reducing the temperature and obtaining chilled water. The chilled water is then converted into cold energy for refrigeration, or the cooled packing can be used directly for refrigeration. This invention also provides a refrigeration device for implementing the refrigeration method.

[0017] Under negative pressure and airflow, water is vaporized on the surface of the packing material. During the vaporization process, the water absorbs the heat of vaporization, thereby lowering the temperature and obtaining chilled water. Using chilled water as the working medium, the chilled water is directly drawn out or sent to the cooling environment after heat exchange. Alternatively, under negative pressure and airflow, water is vaporized on the surface of the packing material, and the packing material is used directly as a cold source for refrigeration.

[0018] In this invention, water is rapidly vaporized on the surface of the packing material under negative pressure by airflow. During the vaporization process, the water absorbs the heat of vaporization, thereby reducing its temperature and obtaining chilled water. The chilled water is used as the working medium, either directly drawn out or after heat exchange through a heat exchange system; or the cooled packing material is directly used for refrigeration, delivering cold energy into the scene to be refrigerated.

[0019] in: Preferably, under negative pressure, water is vaporized on the surface of the packing material under airflow. During the vaporization process, the water absorbs the heat of vaporization, thereby reducing the temperature and obtaining chilled water. Using chilled water as the working medium, the chilled water is directly drawn out or the chilled water is heat-exchanged through the heat exchange system in the insulated vaporizer, and the cold energy is sent to the scene to be cooled. Alternatively, the packing material can be used as a cold source for cooling, such as for air conditioning.

[0020] Preferably, the packing material is bulk packing, structured packing, or filamentous packing; Bulk packing includes one or more of the following: Sita rings, rolled holes, Pall rings, Raschig rings, step rings, Taylor rings, environmentally friendly balls, multi-faceted hollow balls, high-flow rings, rectangular saddle rings, heterogeneous saddle rings, conjugate rings, snowflake rings, hollow floating balls, liquid surface covering balls, Hale rings, or barbed rings; preferably, the bulk packing is Sita rings, with a packing size of Φ1-10mm×1-10mm, preferably Φ1-6mm×1-6mm, more preferably Φ1.5-4.5mm×1.5-4.5mm, and most preferably Φ2-4mm×2-4mm; Structured fillers include one or more of the following: wire mesh corrugations, perforated mesh corrugations, perforated plate corrugations, or calendered perforated plate corrugations; Filament fillers include spherical, irregular mesh, and disordered metal or non-metal wires; The filler material can be metallic or non-metallic. Metallic materials include one or more of the following: copper, brass, stainless steel, duplex steel, titanium steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, pure titanium, molybdenum titanium, Monel, Hastelloy, Inconel, copper-nickel alloy wire, or nickel alloy. Stainless steel grades include 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 310 / 310S, 321, or 2250 / 2507. Non-metallic materials include one or more of the following: glass, ceramic, carbon fiber, or special plastics. The specific surface area of ​​the packing is 100-5000 m². 2 / m 3 Preferred range: 100-4000m 2 / m 3 More preferably 100-3000m 2 / m 3 The optimal selection is 100-2000m. 2 / m 3 .

[0021] The diameter of the packing tube is 5-1000 mm, preferably 5-500 mm, more preferably 5-200 mm, and most preferably 5-50 mm.

[0022] The length of the packing tube is 100-50000 mm, preferably 100-30000 mm, more preferably 100-10000 mm, and most preferably 100-5000 mm.

[0023] The wall thickness of the packing tube is 0.1-10 mm, preferably 0.5-8 mm, more preferably 0.5-5 mm, and most preferably 0.5-4 mm; Preferably, the filler is inserted into a packing tube; the top of the packing tube is a cap structure or a planar structure, and the cross-section of the packing tube includes a circle or a polygon, the polygon including a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon or a hexagon, preferably a circle; its cross-sectional area is 1-10000 square centimeters, preferably 1-5000 square centimeters, more preferably 1-1000 square centimeters, and most preferably 1-500 square centimeters; the material of the packing tube includes copper, brass, stainless steel, carbon steel, enamel, quartz, glass, ceramic, aluminum alloy, bronze, titanium, engineering plastics, polyethylene, polypropylene or epoxy resin, etc., preferably stainless steel or copper; the packing tube can be a single tube or multiple tubes, and when there are multiple tubes, they can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0024] Preferably, a shower head, spray nozzle, or spray pipe is connected to the top of the packing tube, allowing water and airflow to enter the packing tube under negative pressure.

[0025] Preferably, the packing tube is connected to the chilled water storage tank, and the packing tube and the chilled water storage tank are insulated. The insulation method for the packing tube and the chilled water storage tank includes double-layer vacuum insulation or double-layer insulation with added insulation material. Double-layer insulation with added insulation material is preferred. The thickness of the double layer is 1-15 cm, preferably 1-8 cm. The insulation material includes one or more of polyurethane foam, rock wool, aerogel or polystyrene foam, etc., preferably polyurethane foam.

[0026] Preferably, water is stored in a water storage tank, and both the water storage tank and the chilled water storage tank have a square, round or elliptical cross-sectional shape. The materials include stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, glass, enamel, quartz, fiberglass or plastic.

[0027] Preferably, the negative pressure is achieved by a connected vacuum pump, which includes one or more of the following: dry screw vacuum pump, turbofan vacuum pump, claw vacuum pump, scroll vacuum pump, Roots vacuum pump, turbine vacuum pump, water ring vacuum pump, piston vacuum pump, rotary vane vacuum pump, oil-free reciprocating vacuum pump, Roots vacuum pump, molecular vacuum pump, or compound vacuum pump; the vacuum level is 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, more preferably 1-2000 Pa; The water is one or more of tap water, purified water, or deionized water; one or more of antifreeze, scale inhibitor, or wetting agent may be added to the water; for example, tap water with added antifreeze; the antifreeze includes one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, sodium chloride, or disodium hydrogen phosphate, preferably ethylene glycol; the amount of antifreeze added is 0-25 wt% of the total water volume, preferably 0-15 wt%, more preferably 0-10 wt%, and most preferably 0-5 wt%; the scale inhibitor includes one or more of benzotriazole sodium, phosphate, polyphosphoric acid, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid sodium, preferably benzotriazole sodium, and the amount added is 0-8 mg / L, preferably 0-5 mg / L, more preferably 0-3 mg / L; the wetting agent includes one or more of glycerol, phosphate salts, sulfonates, polyoxyethylene alkylphenols, polyoxyethylene ethers, or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers. Phosphates, such as sodium phosphate and sodium hydrogen phosphate, phosphate esters, such as sodium phosphate esters, and sulfonates, such as sodium sulfonate.

[0028] Preferably, the airflow includes one or more of air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium, or water vapor, with air being the most preferred.

[0029] Preferably, the bottom of the packing tube is installed in the chilled water storage tank, which is made of metal or non-metal materials, including stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, glass, enamel, quartz, fiberglass or plastic.

[0030] Preferably, the chilled water preparation process includes the following steps: S1. Evacuate the vacuum and adjust the airflow to a vacuum level of 1-20000Pa, preferably 1-10000Pa, more preferably 1-2000Pa; S2. Under negative pressure, water and air are introduced into the packing tube through the top of the packing tube; S3. Control the water addition rate to be higher than the water vaporization rate; S4. Unvaporized water enters the chilled water storage tank at the bottom of the packing tube through the packing material; S5. The water at the bottom of the packing tube continuously circulates to the top. The water continuously vaporizes and absorbs heat on the surface of the packing, and the temperature of the packing continuously decreases. The water temperature in the chilled water storage tank also continuously decreases, thereby obtaining chilled water.

[0031] Preferably, the refrigeration process includes the following steps: S1. Evacuate the air to create a vacuum inside the refrigeration unit; adjust the airflow to a vacuum level of 1-20000Pa, preferably 1-10000Pa, and more preferably 1-2000Pa through the air inlet valve. S2. Under negative pressure, water and air are added into the packing tube through the top of the packing tube; S3. Control the water addition rate to be higher than the water vaporization rate; water is distributed onto the packing material, fully wetting the surface of the packing material. The water on the surface of the packing material vaporizes and absorbs heat under the action of airflow, reducing the temperature of the packing material. The vaporized water is discharged into the water storage tank through a vacuum pump and absorbed for reuse. S4. Unvaporized water enters the chilled water storage tank at the bottom of the packing tube through the packing material; S5. The water at the bottom of the chilled water storage tank is continuously circulated to the top of the packing tube by a circulating water pump. Under the action of airflow and negative pressure, the water continuously vaporizes and absorbs heat on the surface of the packing, and the temperature of the packing continuously decreases. The water temperature in the chilled water storage tank also continuously decreases, thereby obtaining chilled water. S6. Using chilled water as the working medium, the chilled water is directly drawn out or heat-exchanged through a heat exchange coil to deliver cold energy to the scene to be cooled; or the packing material is directly used as a cold source for cooling.

[0032] The refrigeration device based on the packing and airflow refrigeration method includes a packing tube, which is connected to an air inlet pipe, a water inlet pipe, and a chilled water storage tank; one branch of the chilled water storage tank is connected to a vacuum pump and a water storage tank in sequence, and another branch of the chilled water storage tank is connected to a water storage tank; the chilled water storage tank is connected to a heat exchange coil to form a circulation loop; an exhaust pipe and a water pipe are installed on the water storage tank.

[0033] Preferably, in the refrigeration device based on the packing and airflow refrigeration method, an air inlet valve is installed on the air inlet pipe and a water inlet valve is installed on the water inlet pipe; one branch of the chilled water storage tank is connected to the vacuum pump and the storage tank in sequence via a vacuum valve, and the other branch of the chilled water storage tank is connected to the storage tank via a water filling valve; the chilled water storage tank is connected to the heat exchange coil and the chilled water circulation pump through a circulating chilled water valve to form a circulation loop; the chilled water storage tank is connected to the packing pipe through the circulating water pump and the water inlet valve; an exhaust pipe and a water pipe are installed on the storage tank, and a water valve is installed on the water pipe; a liquid level controller is installed inside the storage tank, and a liquid level control system is installed inside the chilled water storage tank, both used to detect the liquid level height.

[0034] To prevent chilled water from freezing, this invention allows the addition of antifreeze agents such as ethylene glycol. However, the likelihood of chilled water freezing during summer use is actually very small because the water in the packing pipes circulates. For typical central air conditioning systems, the chilled water temperature is generally between 5-15°C, so antifreeze is usually unnecessary. However, when using this invention to prepare other refrigeration facilities, such as those requiring temperatures below -5°C, the addition of antifreeze is necessary.

[0035] The materials and dimensions used in this invention are merely illustrative examples and should not be construed as limiting the invention. The core of this invention lies in utilizing negative pressure and airflow to rapidly vaporize water on the surface of the packing material, absorbing heat and thus lowering the temperature to obtain chilled water; then converting the chilled water into cold energy for refrigeration; or, under negative pressure and airflow, water vaporizes on the surface of the packing material, using the packing material directly as a cold source for refrigeration.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Currently, existing technology obtains low-temperature chilled water by simply adding filler to the insulated vaporization tank to increase the vaporization rate of water. However, this invention further increases the vaporization rate of water by inputting airflow, shortening the time for the water temperature to drop from room temperature to -5°C to within 5 minutes, thus greatly improving the vaporization rate and refrigeration efficiency.

[0037] This invention utilizes the fundamental principle that water can still vaporize and absorb heat to lower its temperature under high vacuum conditions at low temperatures. Simultaneously, an airflow further enhances the vaporization rate. A packed tube is designed, filled with packing material with a large specific surface area. Water is added from above into this relatively small-volume but high-surface-area, high-evaporation-area, and high-vaporization-capacity packed tube. Under negative pressure and airflow, the water is rapidly vaporized, absorbing the heat of vaporization. The water in the chilled water storage tank is continuously circulated and repeatedly vaporized, accumulating cold energy without providing external heat, thus rapidly lowering the water temperature to obtain chilled water. A relatively small-volume refrigeration device based on packing and airflow is equivalent to a high-efficiency refrigerator, capable of lowering the water temperature to 5-15°C or lower to obtain chilled water for refrigeration. The method of this invention can be used to prepare novel air conditioners, central air conditioners, and other refrigeration devices without the need for compressors or existing refrigerants such as fluorocarbons, alkanes, or liquid ammonia. It is green, environmentally friendly, safe, convenient, and energy-saving.

[0038] This invention is based on the principle of rapidly vaporizing water under negative pressure and airflow to absorb heat and lower the system temperature without providing heat. This water is used to prepare environmentally friendly, low-energy-consumption, safe, and stable refrigeration equipment, aiming to replace existing refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons, alkanes, and liquid ammonia. Using this invention to produce air conditioners will eliminate the need for compressors, instead employing vacuum pumps. This is completely different from existing technologies, fundamentally changing the refrigeration technology roadmap, altering the development direction of the air conditioning industry, and having a significant impact on the global air conditioning industry.

[0039] This invention utilizes the properties of water's low boiling point and heat absorption during vaporization under high vacuum conditions. It designs a packing tube and related devices to enable water to rapidly vaporize in a small-volume system with high vaporization efficiency. The rapid vaporization of water leads to rapid heat absorption, which lowers the water temperature to obtain chilled water. The chilled water obtained is then used as a cold source and circulated to the room through pipes, forming cool air that is blown into the room, thereby achieving the effect of lowering the indoor temperature.

[0040] As is well known, under the same conditions, the larger the evaporation area, the greater the evaporation capacity. It is foreseeable that significantly increasing the evaporation area in a small volume and small cross-sectional area can increase the evaporation capacity. Therefore, this invention designs a refrigeration device that is filled with packing material. The larger the specific surface area of ​​the packing material, the larger the evaporation area. By adding packing material, the evaporation area of ​​water is increased, thereby increasing the evaporation capacity per unit volume. Based on this design concept, a high-efficiency vaporization device with a volume of only tens of liters and a cross-sectional area of ​​less than 0.1 square meters is designed, but the evaporation area reaches the level of hundreds of square meters because of the packing material.

[0041] For example, a distillation vessel with a diameter of 1 meter, a length of 1.5 meters, and a volume of 2.36 cubic meters has an evaporation area of ​​less than 0.8 square meters. In contrast, the insulated vaporizer designed in this invention has a diameter of 0.2 meters, a length of 0.3 meters, and a volume of less than 0.01 cubic meters. When filled with a packing material with a specific surface area of ​​3000 square meters per cubic meter, its evaporation area reaches 94 square meters. The evaporation area of ​​the 2.36-cubic-meter distillation vessel is 118 times that of the less than 0.01-cubic-meter insulated vaporizer. Furthermore, a typical distillation vessel with a diameter of 0.2 meters has an evaporation area of ​​only 0.031416 square meters, while the evaporation area of ​​the high-efficiency insulated vaporizer is 3000 times that of the conventional distillation vessel. Although the high-efficiency insulated vaporizer has a small volume and cross-sectional area, it has a huge evaporation area. When the surface of each packing element is wetted with water, under high vacuum conditions, the water vaporizes on the surface of each packing element. Simultaneously, water evenly distributed across all packing elements in the entire packing stack vaporizes, greatly increasing the amount of water vaporization. Since the environment does not provide heat of vaporization, the heat can only be obtained by lowering the water temperature. Therefore, the water temperature can be rapidly reduced to obtain chilled water. In short, the key discovery of this invention is that, when the environment does not provide heat energy, water can rapidly vaporize under high vacuum and high-speed airflow in a small space with a huge evaporation area, quickly lowering the water temperature to obtain chilled water.

[0042] In this invention, the water addition rate must be controlled to be higher than the vaporization rate of water, while simultaneously controlling the water level to not exceed the horizontal position at the bottom of the packing material. It is particularly important to note that if the water addition rate is too fast, the water will not have enough time to vaporize and will inevitably fill the spaces between the packing materials, even forming a water column. Water will then struggle to vaporize on the packing surface, significantly reducing the packing's effectiveness and affecting vaporization efficiency. Therefore, controlling the water addition rate is crucial for distributing water as evenly as possible across the packing surface, wetting the packing surface, and achieving better vaporization efficiency.

[0043] The method of this invention can manufacture air conditioners, central air conditioners, or other refrigeration devices. It only requires water and a vacuum pump, without the need for a compressor, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants, alkane refrigerants, or liquid ammonia. It is a completely environmentally friendly, safe, and energy-saving disruptive technology, which is of great significance for environmental protection and fulfilling the Paris Agreement and the Montreal Protocol. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Packing tube; 2. Water storage tank; 3. Chilled water storage tank; 4. Circulating water pump; 5. Chilled water circulating pump; 6. Vacuum pump; 7. Air inlet valve; 8. Water inlet valve; 9. Water valve; 10. Water filling valve; 11. Vacuum valve; 12. Circulating chilled water valve; 13. Heat exchange coil; 14. Exhaust pipe; 15. Air inlet pipe; 16. Water inlet pipe; 17. Water pipe; 18. Liquid level controller; 19. Liquid level control system. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will now be described and illustrated in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0046] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, under the action of negative pressure and airflow, water is vaporized on the surface of the packing material. During the vaporization process, the water absorbs the heat of vaporization, thereby reducing the temperature and obtaining chilled water. Using chilled water as the working medium, the chilled water is directly drawn out or sent to the scene to be cooled after heat exchange. Alternatively, under the action of negative pressure and airflow, water is vaporized on the surface of the packing material, and the packing material is directly used as a cold source for cooling.

[0047] In this invention, water is rapidly vaporized on the surface of the packing material under negative pressure by airflow. During the vaporization process, the water absorbs the heat of vaporization, thereby reducing its temperature and obtaining chilled water. The chilled water is used as the working medium, either directly drawn out or after heat exchange through a heat exchange system; or the cooled packing material is directly used for refrigeration, delivering cold energy into the scene to be refrigerated.

[0048] in: Preferably, under negative pressure, water is vaporized on the surface of the packing material under airflow. During the vaporization process, the water absorbs the heat of vaporization, thereby reducing the temperature and obtaining chilled water. Using chilled water as the working medium, the chilled water is directly drawn out or the chilled water is heat-exchanged through the heat exchange system in the insulated vaporizer, and the cold energy is sent to the scene to be cooled. Alternatively, the packing material can be used as a cold source for cooling, such as for air conditioning.

[0049] Preferably, the packing material is bulk packing, structured packing, or filamentous packing; Bulk packing includes one or more of the following: Sita rings, rolled holes, Pall rings, Raschig rings, step rings, Taylor rings, environmentally friendly balls, multi-faceted hollow balls, high-flow rings, rectangular saddle rings, heterogeneous saddle rings, conjugate rings, snowflake rings, hollow floating balls, liquid surface covering balls, Hale rings, or barbed rings; preferably, the bulk packing is Sita rings, with a packing size of Φ1-10mm×1-10mm, preferably Φ1-6mm×1-6mm, more preferably Φ1.5-4.5mm×1.5-4.5mm, and most preferably Φ2-4mm×2-4mm; Structured fillers include one or more of the following: wire mesh corrugations, perforated mesh corrugations, perforated plate corrugations, or calendered perforated plate corrugations; Filament fillers include spherical, irregular mesh, and disordered metal or non-metal wires; The filler material can be metallic or non-metallic. Metallic materials include one or more of the following: copper, brass, stainless steel, duplex steel, titanium steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, pure titanium, molybdenum titanium, Monel, Hastelloy, Inconel, copper-nickel alloy wire, or nickel alloy. Stainless steel grades include 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 310 / 310S, 321, or 2250 / 2507. Non-metallic materials include one or more of the following: glass, ceramic, carbon fiber, or special plastics. The specific surface area of ​​the packing is 100-5000 m². 2 / m 3 Preferred range: 100-4000m 2 / m 3 More preferably 100-3000m 2 / m 3 The optimal selection is 100-2000m. 2 / m 3 .

[0050] The diameter of the packing tube 1 is 5-1000 mm, preferably 5-500 mm, more preferably 5-200 mm, and most preferably 5-50 mm.

[0051] The length of the packing tube 1 is 100-50000 mm, preferably 100-30000 mm, more preferably 100-10000 mm, and most preferably 100-5000 mm.

[0052] The wall thickness of the packing tube 1 is 0.1-10 mm, preferably 0.5-8 mm, more preferably 0.5-5 mm, and most preferably 0.5-4 mm; Preferably, the filler is inserted into the filler tube 1; the top end of the filler tube 1 is a cap structure or a planar structure, and the cross-section of the filler tube 1 includes a circle or a polygon, the polygon including a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon or a hexagon, preferably a circle, and its cross-sectional area is 1-10000 square centimeters, preferably 1-5000 square centimeters, more preferably 1-1000 square centimeters, and most preferably 1-500 square centimeters; the material of the filler tube 1 includes copper, brass, stainless steel, carbon steel, enamel, quartz, glass, ceramic, copper, aluminum alloy, bronze, titanium, engineering plastics, polyethylene, polypropylene or epoxy resin, etc., preferably stainless steel or copper; the filler tube 1 can be a single tube or multiple tubes, and when there are multiple tubes, they can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0053] Preferably, the top of the packing tube 1 is connected to a shower head, spray nozzle, or spray pipe, and water and airflow enter the packing tube 1 under negative pressure.

[0054] The packing tube 1 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3, and the packing tube 1 and the chilled water storage tank 3 are insulated. The insulation method of the packing tube 1 and the chilled water storage tank 3 includes sandwich vacuum insulation or sandwich insulation with added insulation material, preferably sandwich insulation with added insulation material, and the thickness of the sandwich is 1-15 cm, preferably 1-8 cm; the insulation material includes one or more of polyurethane foam, rock wool, aerogel or polystyrene foam, preferably polyurethane foam.

[0055] Preferably, water is stored in water storage tank 2. Both water storage tank 2 and chilled water storage tank 3 have square, circular or elliptical cross-sectional shapes and are made of materials including stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, glass, enamel, quartz, fiberglass or plastic.

[0056] Preferably, the negative pressure is achieved by a connected vacuum pump 6, which includes one or more of the following: dry screw vacuum pump, turbofan vacuum pump, claw vacuum pump, scroll vacuum pump, roots vacuum pump, turbine vacuum pump, water ring vacuum pump, piston vacuum pump, rotary vane vacuum pump, oil-free reciprocating vacuum pump, roots vacuum pump, molecular vacuum pump, or compound vacuum pump; the vacuum level is 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, more preferably 1-2000 Pa; The water is one or more of tap water, purified water, or deionized water; one or more of antifreeze, scale inhibitor, or wetting agent may be added to the water; for example, tap water with added antifreeze; the antifreeze includes one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, sodium chloride, or disodium hydrogen phosphate, preferably ethylene glycol; the amount of antifreeze added is 0-25 wt% of the total water volume, preferably 0-15 wt%, more preferably 0-10 wt%, and most preferably 0-5 wt%; the scale inhibitor includes one or more of benzotriazole sodium, phosphate, polyphosphoric acid, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid sodium, preferably benzotriazole sodium, and the amount added is 0-8 mg / L, preferably 0-5 mg / L, more preferably 0-3 mg / L; the wetting agent includes one or more of glycerol, phosphate salts, sulfonates, polyoxyethylene alkylphenols, polyoxyethylene ethers, or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers. Phosphates, such as sodium phosphate and sodium hydrogen phosphate, phosphate esters, such as sodium phosphate esters, and sulfonates, such as sodium sulfonate.

[0057] Preferably, the airflow includes one or more of air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium, or water vapor, with air being the most preferred.

[0058] Preferably, the bottom of the packing tube 1 is installed in the chilled water storage tank 3, and a perforated disc is installed at the bottom of the packing tube 1. The chilled water storage tank 3 is made of metal or non-metal. The metal material is one or more of stainless steel, duplex steel, titanium steel, copper, brass, aluminum, pure titanium, molybdenum titanium, Monel, Hastelloy, Inconel, copper-nickel alloy wire, or nickel alloy. The stainless steel grade is 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 310 / 310S, 321, or 2250 / 2507. The non-metallic material is one or more of glass, ceramic, carbon fiber, or special plastics.

[0059] Preferably, the chilled water preparation process includes the following steps: S1. Evacuate the vacuum and adjust the airflow to a vacuum level of 1-20000Pa, preferably 1-10000Pa, more preferably 1-2000Pa; S2. Under negative pressure, water and air are added into the packing tube 1 through the top of the packing tube 1; S3. Control the water addition rate to be higher than the water vaporization rate; S4. Unvaporized water enters the chilled water storage tank 3 at the bottom of the packing tube 1 through the packing material; S5. The water at the bottom of the packing tube 1 is continuously circulated to the top. The water continuously vaporizes and absorbs heat on the surface of the packing, and the temperature of the packing continuously decreases. The water temperature in the chilled water storage tank 3 also continuously decreases, thereby obtaining chilled water.

[0060] Preferably, the refrigeration process includes the following steps: S1. Evacuate the air to create a vacuum inside the refrigeration unit; adjust the airflow to a vacuum level of 1-20000Pa, preferably 1-10000Pa, and more preferably 1-2000Pa through the air inlet valve 7. S2. Under negative pressure, water and air are added into the packing tube 1 through the top of the packing tube 1; S3. Control the water addition rate to be higher than the water vaporization rate; water is distributed onto the packing material, fully wetting the surface of the packing material. The water on the surface of the packing material vaporizes and absorbs heat under the action of airflow, the temperature of the packing material decreases, and the vaporized water is discharged into the water storage tank 2 through the vacuum pump 6 to be absorbed and reused. S4. Unvaporized water enters the chilled water storage tank 3 at the bottom of the packing tube 1 through the packing material; S5. The water in the lower part of the chilled water storage tank 3 is continuously circulated to the top of the packing tube 1 by the circulating water pump 4. Under the action of airflow and negative pressure, the water continuously vaporizes and absorbs heat on the surface of the packing, the temperature of the packing continuously decreases, and the water temperature in the chilled water storage tank 3 also continuously decreases, thereby obtaining chilled water. S6. Using chilled water as the working medium, the chilled water is directly drawn out or heat-exchanged through the heat exchange coil 13 to deliver the cold energy to the scene to be cooled; or the packing is directly used as a cold source for cooling.

[0061] The refrigeration device based on the packing and airflow refrigeration method includes a packing tube 1, which is connected to an air inlet pipe 15, a water inlet pipe 16, and a chilled water storage tank 3. One branch of the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to a vacuum pump 6 and a water storage tank 2 in sequence, and another branch of the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to the water storage tank 2. The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to a heat exchange coil 13 to form a circulation loop. An exhaust pipe 14 and a water pipe 17 are provided on the water storage tank 2.

[0062] Preferably, in the refrigeration device based on the packing and airflow refrigeration method, an air inlet valve 7 is installed on the air inlet pipe 15, and a water inlet valve 8 is installed on the water inlet pipe 16; one branch of the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to the vacuum pump 6 and the storage tank 2 in sequence through the vacuum valve 11, and the other branch of the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to the storage tank 2 through the water filling valve 10; the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to the heat exchange coil 13 and the chilled water circulation pump 5 through the circulating chilled water valve 12 to form a circulation loop; the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to the packing pipe 1 through the circulating water pump 4 and the water inlet valve 8; the storage tank 2 is equipped with an exhaust pipe 14 and a water pipe 17, and a water valve 9 is installed on the water pipe 17; a liquid level controller 18 is installed inside the storage tank 2, and a liquid level control system 19 is installed inside the chilled water storage tank 3, both used to detect the liquid level.

[0063] Examples 2-12 are more specific embodiments of the present invention. The materials and dimensions used are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The core of the present invention is: under negative pressure, water is rapidly vaporized on the surface of the packing material by airflow. During the vaporization process, the water absorbs the heat of vaporization, thereby lowering its temperature and obtaining chilled water. Using chilled water as the working medium, the chilled water is either directly drawn out or exchanged through a heat exchange system; or the cooled packing material is directly used for refrigeration, delivering cold energy into the scene to be refrigerated.

[0064] Example 2 like Figure 1 As shown, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows: (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection. (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 8 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1500 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1; (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm. (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5; (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8; (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed; (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the air flow rate to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet volume to be equal to the vaporization volume and circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0065] Example 3 like Figure 1 As shown, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows: (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 45 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection. (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1000 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1; (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm. (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5; (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8; (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed; (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the air flow rate to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet volume to be equal to the vaporization volume and circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0066] Example 4 like Figure 1 As shown, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows: (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 35 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection. (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 15 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1500 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1; (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm. (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5; (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8; (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed; (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the nitrogen gas flow rate to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet volume to be equal to the gasification volume and circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0067] Example 5 like Figure 1 As shown, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows: (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection. (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1500 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1; (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm. (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5; (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8; (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed; (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the nitrogen gas flow rate to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet volume to be equal to the gasification volume and circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0068] Example 6 like Figure 1As shown, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows: (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection. (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1000 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1; (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm. (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5; (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8; (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed; (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the carbon dioxide airflow to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet flow to be equal to the gasification flow to circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0069] Example 7 like Figure 1 As shown, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows: (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 6000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection. (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1500 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1; (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm. (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5; (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8; (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed; (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the carbon dioxide airflow to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet flow to be equal to the gasification flow to circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0070] Example 8 like Figure 1 As shown, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows: (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection. (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 15 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1500 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1; (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm. (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5; (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8; (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed; (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the helium gas flow rate to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet volume to be equal to the vaporization volume and circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0071] Example 9 like Figure 1 As shown, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows: (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection. (2) Select a turbofan vacuum pump with a displacement of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1000 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1; (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm. (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5; (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8; (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed; (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the helium gas flow rate to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet volume to be equal to the vaporization volume and circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0072] Example 10 like Figure 1 As shown, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows: (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 35 mm, and a length of 5500 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection. (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 15 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1000 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1; (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm. (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5; (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8; (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed; (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the water vapor flow rate to control the vacuum degree between 1000-2000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet flow rate to be equal to the vaporization flow rate and circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0073] Example 11 like Figure 1 As shown, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows: (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 30 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection. (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 15 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​500 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1; (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm. (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5; (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8; (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed; (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the water vapor flow rate to control the vacuum degree between 2000-5000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet flow rate to be equal to the vaporization flow rate and circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0074] Example 12 like Figure 1 As shown, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows: (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 25 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection. (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 10 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​500 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1; (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm. (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5; (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8; (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed; (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the water vapor flow rate to control the vacuum degree between 5000-10000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet flow rate to be equal to the vaporization flow rate and circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0075] In addition, experiments were conducted with vacuum levels adjusted to 1-500 Pa, 10000-15000 Pa, and 15000-20000 Pa, respectively, and the specific surface area of ​​the packing was set to 100 m². 2 / m 3 300m 2 / m 3 2000m 2 / m 3 3000m 2 / m 3 4000m 2 / m 3 5000m 2 / m 3 Experiments were also conducted separately, and the rest are as in Example 2; the materials and diameters of the packing tube 1, water storage tank 2, and chilled water storage tank 3 can also be selected in many ways, and the rest are as in Example 1.

[0076] Currently, existing technology obtains low-temperature chilled water by simply adding filler to the insulated vaporization tank to increase the vaporization rate of water. However, this invention further increases the vaporization rate of water by inputting airflow, shortening the time for the water temperature to drop from room temperature to -5°C to within 5 minutes, thus greatly improving the vaporization rate and refrigeration efficiency.

[0077] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made to the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and essence of the invention, and such modifications or substitutions should all be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A refrigeration method based on packing and airflow, characterized in that, Under negative pressure and airflow, water is vaporized on the surface of the packing material. During the vaporization process, the water absorbs the heat of vaporization, thereby lowering the temperature and obtaining chilled water. Using chilled water as the working medium, the chilled water is directly drawn out or, after heat exchange, the cold energy is sent to the scene to be cooled. Alternatively, under negative pressure and airflow, water is vaporized on the surface of the packing material, and the packing material is directly used as a cold source for cooling, sending the cold energy to the scene to be cooled.

2. The refrigeration method based on packing and airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The packing material can be bulk packing, structured packing, or filamentous packing; Bulk packing includes one or more of the following: Sita rings, calendered orifice rings, Pall rings, Raschig rings, step rings, Taylor rings, environmentally friendly balls, multifaceted hollow balls, high-flow rings, rectangular saddle rings, heterogeneous saddle rings, conjugate rings, snowflake rings, hollow floating balls, liquid surface covering balls, Hale rings, or barbed rings; Structured fillers include one or more of the following: wire mesh corrugations, perforated mesh corrugations, perforated plate corrugations, or calendered perforated plate corrugations; Filament fillers include spherical, irregular mesh, and disordered metal or non-metal wires; The filler material can be either metallic or non-metallic. Metallic materials include one or more of the following: copper, brass, stainless steel, duplex steel, titanium steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, pure titanium, molybdenum titanium, Monel, Hastelloy, Inconel, copper-nickel alloy wire, or nickel alloy. Non-metallic materials include one or more of the following: glass, ceramic, carbon fiber, or special plastics.

3. The refrigeration method based on packing and airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filler is inserted into the filler tube (1); the cross section of the filler tube (1) includes a circle or a polygon, and the polygon includes a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon or a hexagon; the material of the filler tube (1) includes copper, brass, stainless steel, carbon steel, enamel, quartz, glass, ceramic, aluminum alloy, bronze, titanium, engineering plastic, polyethylene, polypropylene or epoxy resin; the filler tube (1) is a single tube or multiple tubes.

4. The refrigeration method based on packing and airflow according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the packing tube (1) is connected to a shower head or spray nozzle, and water and air flow enter the packing tube (1) under negative pressure.

5. The refrigeration method based on packing and airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The packing tube (1) is connected to the chilled water storage tank (3) to insulate the packing tube (1) and the chilled water storage tank (3). The insulation methods for the packing tube (1) and the chilled water storage tank (3) include interlayer vacuum insulation or interlayer insulation with added insulation material. The insulation material includes one or more of polyurethane foam, rock wool, aerogel or polystyrene foam.

6. The refrigeration method based on packing and airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, Water is stored in a water storage tank (2). Both the water storage tank (2) and the chilled water storage tank (3) have square, circular or elliptical cross-sectional shapes and are made of materials including stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, glass, enamel, quartz, fiberglass or plastic.

7. The refrigeration method based on packing and airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative pressure is achieved by the connected vacuum pump (6), with a vacuum degree of 1-20000Pa, preferably 1-10000Pa, more preferably 1-2000Pa; the vacuum pump (6) includes one or more of the following: dry screw vacuum pump, turbofan vacuum pump, claw vacuum pump, vortex vacuum pump, Roots vacuum pump, turbine vacuum pump, water ring vacuum pump, piston vacuum pump, rotary vane vacuum pump, oil-free reciprocating vacuum pump, Roots vacuum pump, molecular vacuum pump, etc. or composite vacuum pump; The water includes tap water, purified water, or deionized water; one or more of the following are added to the water: antifreeze, scale inhibitor, or wetting agent; the antifreeze includes one or more of the following: methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, sodium chloride, or disodium hydrogen phosphate; the scale inhibitor includes one or more of the following: sodium benzotriazole, phosphate, polyphosphoric acid, or sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate; the wetting agent includes one or more of the following: glycerol, phosphate salts, sulfonates, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol, polyoxyethylene ether, or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether. The airflow includes one or more of the following: air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium, or water vapor.

8. The refrigeration method based on packing and airflow according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of preparing chilled water includes the following steps: S1. Evacuate the vacuum and adjust the airflow to a vacuum level of 1-20000Pa, preferably 1-10000Pa, more preferably 1-2000Pa; S2. Under negative pressure, water and air are added into the packing tube (1) through the top of the packing tube (1); S3. Control the water addition rate to be higher than the water vaporization rate; S4. Unvaporized water enters the chilled water storage tank (3) at the bottom of the packing pipe (1) through the packing. S5. The water at the bottom of the packing tube (1) is continuously circulated to the top. The water is continuously vaporized and absorbs heat on the surface of the packing. The temperature of the packing is continuously reduced, and the water temperature in the chilled water storage tank (3) is also continuously reduced, thereby obtaining chilled water.

9. A refrigeration device, characterized in that, To realize the refrigeration device based on the packing and airflow refrigeration method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. The refrigeration device according to claim 9, comprising a packing tube (1), characterized in that, The packing tube (1) is connected to the air inlet pipe (15), the water inlet pipe (16) and the chilled water storage tank (3); one branch of the chilled water storage tank (3) is connected to the vacuum pump (6) and the water storage tank (2) in sequence, and the other branch of the chilled water storage tank (3) is connected to the water storage tank (2). The chilled water storage tank (3) is connected to the heat exchange coil (13) to form a circulation loop; an exhaust pipe (14) and a water pipe (17) are installed on the water storage tank (2).

11. The refrigeration device according to claim 10, characterized in that, An air inlet valve (7) is installed on the air inlet pipe (15), and a water inlet valve (8) is installed on the water inlet pipe (16). One branch of the chilled water storage tank (3) is connected to the vacuum pump (6) and the storage tank (2) in sequence through the vacuum valve (11). The other branch of the chilled water storage tank (3) is connected to the storage tank (2) through the water filling valve (10). The chilled water storage tank (3) is connected to the heat exchange coil (13) and the chilled water circulation pump (5) through the circulating chilled water valve (12) to form a circulation loop. The chilled water storage tank (3) is connected to the packing pipe (1) through the circulating water pump (4) and the water inlet valve (8). An exhaust pipe (14) and a water pipe (17) are installed on the storage tank (2), and a water valve (9) is installed on the water pipe (17). A liquid level controller (18) is installed inside the storage tank (2), and a liquid level control system (19) is installed inside the chilled water storage tank (3), both of which are used to detect the liquid level.

Images