Multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bed system

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bed system which comprises a combustion chamber system, a high-temperature and high-pressure air system, a multi-stage fuel system and the like. The combustion chamber system is provided with a measuring section device which can provide accurate data measurement; the high-temperature and high-pressure air system is provided with a plurality of air supply pipelines, so that different air flow and pressure combination requirements can be met; the multi-stage fuel system realizes fuel oil graded supply, and two-stage filtration ensures that oil supply equipment is stable and reliable. In addition, the system is further provided with a water cooling system, a flue gas analyzer and the like. According to the system, through structures such as multi-stage fuel supply, accurate air temperature and flow regulation and control, air back pressure regulation and three-stage fuel regulation and control, real working conditions can be better simulated, diversified test requirements are met, the flexibility and adaptability of the system are improved, successful ignition is ensured, and various combustion test requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of combustion test bench technology, and in particular to a multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system. Background Technology

[0002] Test benches play a crucial role in the field of energy and power engineering. High-temperature, high-pressure combustion test platforms allow for in-depth exploration of the coupling processes between flow and reaction in multi-atmosphere nozzles under high-temperature, high-pressure environments (actual engine operating conditions), as well as related pollutant emission characteristics. Their core objective is to develop advanced combustion technologies that are multi-fuel, highly efficient, and low-emission. As a core R&D platform for fuel nozzle design and optimization, it can simulate the various complex operating conditions faced by nozzles in real gas turbines or other combustion devices. Through this platform, researchers can systematically analyze the aerodynamic characteristics, heat transfer characteristics, and combustion behavior of nozzles, thereby gaining a comprehensive understanding of their ignition characteristics, emission performance, variable operating condition response, and adaptability to different fuels.

[0003] Advanced combustion-related equipment such as gas turbine combustors, boiler burners, and constant-volume combustion bombs require high-temperature, high-pressure combustion test benches to improve combustion efficiency, prevent black smoke, and reduce pollutant emissions. However, in practical applications, these test benches face a series of technical challenges, including the following: 1. How to adapt to the testing requirements of burner development in different application fields.

[0004] 2. How to increase the accuracy of system response and control.

[0005] 3. Traditional test benches are not equipped with a separate ignition stage. The ignition nozzle is led out by the duty officer and usually uses an electric spark igniter. As a result, when the duty officer nozzle achieves oil-gas mixing, it cannot take into account the oil quantity control of the ignition nozzle, which leads to incomplete combustion of oil and gas and pollution.

[0006] To address this, we propose a multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to address the technical problems existing in the current high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench in adapting to the development needs of burners in different application fields, increasing the system response and control accuracy, and achieving efficient and low-pollution ignition. This would enable the test bench to better simulate real working conditions, meet diverse test requirements, improve combustion efficiency, reduce pollutant emissions, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0008] This invention provides a multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system, including a combustion chamber system, a high-temperature and high-pressure air system, and a multi-stage fuel system. The combustion chamber system is equipped with measurement sections for combustion chamber inlet temperature / static pressure / total pressure measurement and flue gas collection, meeting the needs for flue gas cooling, flue gas analysis, flue gas collection, and accurate measurement of inlet and outlet state points, providing accurate data measurements for analyzing combustion conditions. The high-temperature and high-pressure air system is equipped with at least three air supply pipelines that can be connected to the combustion chamber inlet. Any two or three pipelines can be connected in parallel or in series via manual valve assemblies, enabling low-frequency implementation of high-temperature and high-pressure air supply characteristics such as three-way parallel / series, two-way parallel / series, and single-way supply, meeting the combined requirements of different air flow rates and pressures, and improving the system's flexibility and adaptability. The multi-stage fuel system is equipped with at least three fuel supply lines that can be connected to the combustion chamber and supply fuel independently. Based on the range of the mass flow controller, the fuel supply lines are divided into ignition stage, duty stage and main combustion stage fuel supply lines to realize graded fuel supply (multi-stage supply), ensure successful ignition, maintain combustion stability and achieve high-load combustion. At the same time, the two-stage filtration system effectively removes impurities from the fuel, ensuring the stability and reliability of the fuel supply equipment.

[0009] In other embodiments, the heating temperature of the air heater in any of the air supply lines is different. The air temperature can be precisely adjusted according to the requirements of the test for air temperature and temperature control accuracy, so as to provide a suitable thermal environment for the combustion test and meet the combustion requirements under different air intake conditions.

[0010] In other embodiments, a coarse filter and a fine filter are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the oil pump. The two-stage filtration can retain large particulate impurities in the coarse filter and filter small particulate impurities in the fine filter, effectively removing impurities from the fuel, preventing impurities from entering the oil pump and other precision components, extending the service life of the equipment, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the fuel supply.

[0011] In other embodiments, the exhaust port measuring device is provided with an air inlet that connects to the combustion chamber and an exhaust port that leads out the combustion gas. The exhaust port is connected to two exhaust pipes with different inner diameters and distributed in parallel. A high-temperature flue gas electric butterfly valve and a thermometer are provided on the exhaust pipes. The temperature parameters of the combustion chamber inlet and outlet can be accurately obtained to achieve safe interlock control, avoid overheating of the butterfly valve and the exhaust pipe at the rear end, and provide accurate and safe back pressure control and cooling adjustment to meet the back pressure and cooling requirements of different test pieces.

[0012] In other embodiments, a water-cooling system is also included that interfaces with the outlet measuring device. The water-cooling system includes a circulating water path and a spray water path connected in parallel from the same water tank. Each water path includes a filter, a high-pressure water pump, a throttle valve / proportional valve, a check valve, and a pressure sensor. This system can cool the combustion chamber and the measuring section device to prevent the equipment from being damaged due to excessive temperature. At the same time, it can precisely adjust the flow rate and pressure of the cooling water to meet the cooling requirements under different operating conditions and ensure the stable operation of the cooling system.

[0013] In other embodiments, the high-temperature and high-pressure air system also includes an electric bypass valve, a thermometer, and a pressure sensor; the air compressor is a fixed-frequency or variable-frequency unit, the electric bypass valve is located between the manual valve group and the electric on / off valve, and the thermometer and pressure sensor are used to monitor the pressure and temperature of the air supply pipeline. By adjusting the opening of the electric bypass valve, the air pressure before the pneumatic regulating valve is stabilized, ensuring the stability of the air flow supply and widening the minimum operating range of the air system. At the same time, the pressure and temperature of the air supply pipeline are monitored in real time to ensure the safe operation of the system.

[0014] In other embodiments, the combustion chamber is equipped with multiple wall temperature measuring devices for measuring the combustion chamber wall temperature. These devices can monitor the combustion chamber wall temperature in real time, prevent the wall temperature from becoming too high and causing damage, and provide data measurement for analyzing combustion conditions to optimize the combustion process.

[0015] In other embodiments, a flue gas analyzer is also included. The flue gas analyzer includes a flue gas inlet pipe connected to an outlet measuring device and connected to one of the gas supply lines. It can analyze the composition of the flue gas produced by combustion in real time, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, etc., to provide data measurement for analyzing combustion efficiency, pollutant emissions, etc. At the same time, it can adjust the air and fuel ratio according to the flue gas analysis results to optimize the combustion process, improve combustion efficiency, and reduce pollutant emissions.

[0016] In other embodiments, the high-temperature and high-pressure air system also includes an air filter and a refrigerated dryer, with the manual valve assembly placed after the air filter. The air filter can remove dust, impurities, and other particulate matter from the air. The refrigerated dryer reduces the temperature and moisture content of the air through cooling and drying processes, making the air dry and stable, ensuring that the air entering the system is clean and dry, and improving the reliability and accuracy of the test.

[0017] In other embodiments, a bypass pipeline is provided in one section of the air supply line between the manual valve group and the electric switch valve. The bypass pipeline is connected to the exhaust tower, which can maintain the stable operation of the air compressor, the flow and pressure in the temperature pipeline, and the ability to achieve any air condition within the working range. The supply path of air and fuel can be flexibly adjusted according to the test requirements to meet diverse test needs and improve the flexibility and adaptability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a system flowchart of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a system flow diagram of the high-temperature and high-pressure air system in this invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a system flow diagram of the multi-stage fuel system in this invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the connection system between the water cooling system and the air outlet measuring device in this invention.

[0022] in: 10. Combustion chamber system; 20. High-temperature and high-pressure air system; 30. Multi-stage fuel system; 40. Water cooling system; 100. Combustion chamber; 1001. Combustion chamber outlet; 101. Inlet measuring device; 102. Outlet measuring device; 1021. First back pressure valve; 1022. Second back pressure valve thermometer; 1023. First air thermometer; 1024. Second air thermometer; 103. Igniter; 104. Temperature monitoring structure; 105. Pressure monitoring structure; 106. Outlet pipe; 107. Wall temperature measuring device; 200. Air compressor; 201. Air tank; 202. Electric on / off valve; 203. Mass flow meter; 204. Pneumatic regulating valve; 205. Air heater; 206. Manual valve assembly; 207. Refrigerated dryer; 208. Air filter; 209. Bypass pipeline; 210. Electric bypass valve; 300. Oil pump; 301. Check valve; 302. Relief valve; 303. Mass flow controller; 304. Oil tank; 305. Manual valve; 306. Coarse filter; 307. Fine filter; 308. Solenoid valve; 400. Circulating water circuit; 401. Spray water circuit; 402. High-pressure water pump; 403. Throttling valve; 404. Proportional valve; 405. Check valve; 406. Water tank; 500. Flue gas analyzer; 501. Flue gas inlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment discloses a multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system, including a combustion chamber system 10, a high-temperature and high-pressure air system 20, and a multi-stage fuel system 30.

[0025] The combustion chamber system 10 in this embodiment includes a combustion chamber 100, an air inlet measuring device 101, and an air outlet measuring device 102. The combustion chamber 100 is provided with multiple air inlets, multiple fuel inlets, and an igniter 103 located at each air inlet. The air inlet measuring device 101 is located at the air inlet of the combustion chamber 100 and includes a temperature monitoring structure 104 and a pressure monitoring structure 105. The air outlet measuring device 102 is located on the air outlet pipe 106 outside the combustion chamber 100 and includes temperature and pressure monitoring structures. The combustion chamber system 10 provides measurement of the combustion chamber 100's inlet air temperature, static pressure, and total pressure. The combustion chamber outlet 1001 has a measurement section device for temperature / total pressure measurement and flue gas collection, which can meet the needs of flue gas cooling, flue gas analysis, flue gas collection, and accurate measurement of inlet and outlet status points.

[0026] In this embodiment, the exhaust port measuring device 102 is provided with an air inlet that connects to the combustion chamber 100 and an exhaust port that leads out the combustion gas. The exhaust port of the exhaust port measuring device 102 is connected to two exhaust pipes 106 with different inner diameters and distributed in parallel. A high-temperature flue gas electric butterfly valve and a temperature measuring device are provided on the exhaust pipes 106 to achieve safe linkage control. In this embodiment, multiple wall temperature measuring devices 107 for measuring the furnace wall of the combustion chamber 100 are provided on the combustion chamber 100. The measuring section device can meet the needs of flue gas cooling, flue gas analysis, flue gas collection, and accurate measurement of inlet and outlet state points. During the test, it can accurately obtain key parameters such as temperature and pressure at the inlet and outlet of the combustion chamber 100, providing accurate data measurement for analyzing combustion conditions.

[0027] The high-temperature and high-pressure air system 20 in this embodiment is provided with at least three air supply pipelines connected to the air inlet of the combustion chamber 100. These air supply pipelines include, in sequence: an air compressor 200, an air tank 201, an electric on / off valve 202, a mass flow meter 203, a pneumatic regulating valve 204, and an air heater 205. The high-temperature and high-pressure air system 20 is also provided with multiple manual valve groups 206, which are connected between two adjacent air supply pipelines to achieve parallel / series connection of any two or three pipelines. The system has three air supply lines, each including an air compressor 200, a refrigerated dryer 207, an air tank 201, a filter, an electric bypass valve 210, an electric on / off valve 202, a mass flow meter 203, a pneumatic regulating valve 204, an air heater 205, and several thermometers and pressure sensors. It also includes a manual valve group 206, enabling low-frequency (to meet experimental requirements) high-temperature, high-pressure air supply characteristics such as three-line parallel / series, two-line parallel / series, and single-line supply. The air compressor 200 can be a fixed-frequency or variable-frequency unit, and its operating characteristics mean that the air source pressure is a dynamically changing process, making it impossible to stabilize the air flow rate of each line. Therefore, the electric bypass valve 210 is introduced to adjust its opening, stabilizing the air pressure before the pneumatic regulating valve 204, thereby achieving a stable air flow supply. The air filter 208, air tank 201, and refrigerated dryer 207 together provide dry and stable high-pressure air. The pneumatic regulating valve 204 and the mass flow meter 203 enable the measurement and regulation of high-pressure air. Different heaters with different power ratings can meet different air heating and temperature control accuracy requirements. The manual valve assembly 206 is placed after the air filter 208. By adjusting the manual valve assembly 206, air can be heated by passing through any of the heaters.

[0028] In this embodiment, the heating temperature of the air heater 205 in any of the air supply lines is different. In this embodiment, the high-temperature, high-pressure air system 20 also includes an electric bypass valve 210, a thermometer, and a pressure sensor; the air compressor 200 is a fixed-frequency or variable-frequency unit, the electric bypass valve 210 is located between the manual valve group 206 and the electric switching valve 202, and the thermometer and pressure sensor are used to monitor the pressure and temperature of the air supply lines. In this embodiment, the high-temperature, high-pressure air system 20 also includes an air filter 208 and a refrigerated dryer 207, and the manual valve group 206 is placed downstream of the air filter 208. In this embodiment, one section of the air supply line located between the manual valve group 206 and the electric switching valve 202 is also equipped with a bypass line 209, and the bypass line 209 is connected to the exhaust tower, which can maintain stable operation of the air compressor, temperature, and flow rate and pressure within the pipeline, achieving the ability to achieve any air condition within the working range. In actual tests, the parallel / series configuration of multiple air lines has many advantages. For example, when different air flow rates and pressures are required, the manual valve assembly 206 allows for quick adjustment of three-way parallel, two-way parallel, or single-way supply modes to meet diverse testing needs. The electric bypass valve 210 plays a crucial role in stabilizing air flow. Due to the dynamic changes in air source pressure caused by the operating characteristics of the air compressor 200, adjusting the opening of the electric bypass valve 210 stabilizes the air pressure before the pneumatic regulating valve 204, thus ensuring the stability of the air flow supply. Air heaters 205 with different power ratings can precisely adjust the air temperature according to the test's requirements for air temperature and temperature control accuracy, providing a suitable thermal environment for combustion tests. The coordinated operation of the air filter 208, air tank 201, and refrigerated dryer 207 effectively removes impurities and moisture from the air, ensuring that the air entering the system is dry and stable, improving the reliability and accuracy of the test.

[0029] In this embodiment, the multi-stage fuel system 30 is provided with at least three fuel supply lines that are connected to the combustion chamber 100 and supply fuel independently. These multiple fuel supply lines share the same fuel tank 304. Each fuel supply line includes, in sequence, a fuel pump 300, a check valve 301, an overflow valve 302, and a mass flow controller 303. The mass flow controllers 303 in each fuel supply line have different flow ranges. The multiple fuel supply lines are arranged in ascending order of the mass flow controller 303's flow range: ignition stage fuel supply line, duty stage fuel supply line, and main combustion stage fuel supply line. The fuel supply lines are aligned with the igniter 103 to achieve ignition of the combustion chamber 100. The system features a three-stage fuel supply system. Each stage includes a manual valve 305, a coarse filter 306, a fuel pump 300, a check valve 301, a fine filter 307, an overflow valve 302, a mass flow controller 303, a solenoid valve 308, and a pressure sensor. This system can meet the combustion requirements of fuel injectors for three fuel grading systems (ignition stage, duty stage, and main combustion stage). Two stages of filtration trap large particulate impurities in the coarse filter 306, while the fine filter 307 filters out small particulate impurities. The fuel pump 300 can supply fuel over a wide operating range. The check valve 301 after the pump prevents backflow and ensures that pressure fluctuations within the combustion chamber 100 do not affect the pressure after the valve. The solenoid valve 308 allows for rapid opening and closing of the fuel passage. In this embodiment, a coarse filter 306 and a fine filter 307 are installed before and after the fuel pump 300, respectively. The two-stage filtration traps large particulate impurities in the coarse filter 306, while the fine filter 307 filters out small particulate impurities.

[0030] The three-stage fuel supply system plays a crucial role in combustion testing. The ignition stage fuel supply line provides a precise flow of fuel during the ignition process, ensuring successful ignition; the shift fuel supply line provides an appropriate amount of fuel after ignition to maintain combustion stability; and the main combustion stage fuel supply line provides a large amount of fuel according to test requirements, achieving combustion under different operating conditions. A two-stage filtration system effectively removes impurities from the fuel, preventing them from entering the fuel pump 300 and other precision components, extending equipment lifespan, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the fuel supply. The wide operating range of the fuel pump 300 allows it to adapt to different test pressure requirements. The combined use of the post-pump check valve 301 and the post-valve check valve 301 avoids the impact of fuel backflow and pressure fluctuations in the combustion chamber 100 on the fuel supply system. The rapid on / off function of the solenoid valve 308 can precisely control the flow of fuel, meeting the precise control requirements of fuel supply during testing.

[0031] In this embodiment, a water-cooling system 40 is also included, which is connected to the exhaust port measuring device 102. The water-cooling system 40 includes a circulating water path 400 and a spray water path 401 connected in parallel from the same water tank 406. Each water path includes a filter, a high-pressure water pump 402, a throttle valve 403 / proportional valve 404, a check valve 405, and a pressure sensor. The filter can remove impurities from the water. The high-pressure water pump 402 can provide a pressure one level higher than that of the combustion chamber system 10. The throttle valve 403 can be used to adjust the back pressure after the water pump, achieving higher precision and a smaller range of adjustment. The proportional valve 404 realizes the proportional adjustment of the circulating water.

[0032] The water cooling system 40 plays a crucial protective role in the combustion test bench. During the test, the combustion chamber 100 and the measuring section device generate a large amount of heat. If not cooled in time, it will damage the equipment and affect the normal progress of the test. The circulating water circuit 400 and the spray water circuit 401 remove impurities from the water through filters to prevent impurities from clogging the pipes and affecting the cooling effect. The high-pressure water pump 402 provides sufficient water pressure to ensure that the cooling water can quickly and effectively reach the parts that need cooling. The combined use of the throttle valve 403 and the proportional valve 404 can accurately regulate the flow rate and pressure of the cooling water to meet the cooling requirements under different operating conditions. The check valve 405 prevents the cooling water from flowing back and protects the high-pressure water pump 402 and other equipment. The pressure sensor monitors the pressure in the water circuit in real time to ensure the stable operation of the cooling system. After the test, the water cooling system 40 can quickly reduce the equipment temperature, shorten the test completion process time, reduce time and labor costs, and improve the safety of the entire system.

[0033] This embodiment also includes a flue gas analyzer 500, which includes an inlet pipe 501 connected to the outlet measuring device 102, and the inlet pipe 501 is connected to one of the gas supply lines. The flue gas analyzer 500 plays a crucial role in combustion experiments, as it can analyze the composition of the flue gas produced during combustion in real time, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. Through the inlet pipe 501 connected to the outlet measuring device 102, accurate flue gas samples are collected, providing data for analyzing combustion efficiency, pollutant emissions, etc. The inlet pipe 501, connected to one of the gas supply lines, allows for the introduction of a certain proportion of cold air when necessary to regulate the flue gas temperature, protect the flue gas analyzer 500, and ensure its normal operation. The accurate analysis results of the flue gas analyzer 500 help optimize the combustion process, improve combustion efficiency, reduce pollutant emissions, and meet environmental protection requirements.

[0034] In this embodiment, the specific working principle is as follows: Experiment preparation stage Before the test begins, turn on three air compressors 200 and three refrigerated dryers 207 simultaneously. At this time, the pressure inside the air tank 201 gradually increases. Adjust the manual valve assembly 206 to gradually increase the pressure displayed on the pneumatic regulating valve 204. During this process, open the electric bypass valve 210 and adjust it to a small opening degree, and open the electric switching valves 202 of the first and second air supply lines. Subsequently, adjust the opening degrees of the pneumatic regulating valves 204 of the first and second air supply lines so that the pressure displayed on the pneumatic regulating valves 204 of the first and second air supply lines gradually stabilizes. At this time, the flow rate values ​​displayed by the mass flow meters 203 of the first and second air supply lines should remain stable, and the flow rate value should be the ignition air flow rate required for the case.

[0035] Simultaneously, the fuel pump 300 in the fuel supply line is turned on, and the pressure gauge reading in the fuel supply line is observed to rise. The mass flow controller 303 in the ignition stage fuel supply line reaches the required ignition fuel flow rate. During this process, all components of the multi-stage fuel system 30 work together. The fuel pump 300 draws fuel from the common fuel tank 304, which undergoes two stages of filtration—coarse filter 306 and fine filter 307—to remove impurities and ensure fuel purity. The filtered fuel enters the fuel pump 300, where the fuel pressure increases, and then it passes through the post-pump check valve 301 into the subsequent lines. The post-pump check valve 301 prevents fuel backflow, ensuring the normal operation of the fuel pump 300. The fuel continues to flow through the fine filter 307 for further filtration of minute impurities, and then reaches the overflow valve 302. The overflow valve 302 serves to protect the system. When the system pressure exceeds the set value, the overflow valve 302 opens, allowing excess fuel to flow back to the fuel tank 304, preventing damage to the equipment due to excessive system pressure. After passing through the overflow valve 302, the fuel enters the mass flow controller 303. The mass flow controller 303 precisely controls the fuel flow according to the preset ignition fuel flow rate, ensuring the stability and reliability of the ignition process. Finally, the fuel passes through the downstream check valve 301 and the solenoid valve 308, entering the fuel supply line aligned with the igniter 103, awaiting the ignition command.

[0036] In the high-temperature, high-pressure air system 20, the compressed air generated by the air compressor 200 first enters the air filter 208 to remove dust, impurities, and other particulate matter, ensuring the cleanliness of the air entering the system. Then, the compressed air enters the refrigerated dryer 207, which cools and dries the air, reducing its temperature and moisture content to achieve a dry and stable state. The dried air then enters the air receiver 201, which buffers and stabilizes the air pressure, making the output air pressure more stable. The air exiting the air receiver 201 sequentially passes through the electric switching valve 202, the mass flow meter 203, the pneumatic regulating valve 204, and the air heater 205. The electric switching valve 202 controls the air flow, the mass flow meter 203 measures the air flow in real time, and the pneumatic regulating valve 204 adjusts the air flow based on the feedback signal from the mass flow meter 203 to achieve the set ignition air flow rate. The air heater 205 heats the air to a specified temperature according to test requirements, providing a suitable thermal environment for ignition. The electric bypass valve 210 stabilizes the air pressure before the pneumatic regulating valve 204 during this process. By adjusting the opening of the electric bypass valve 210, the air pressure before the pneumatic regulating valve 204 is kept stable, thus ensuring the stability of the air flow supply. The first air thermometer 1023, the second air thermometer 1024, and the pressure sensor monitor the temperature and pressure of the air supply line in real time and feed the data back to the control system for timely adjustment of system parameters. Ignition and start-up phase At the start of the test, the solenoid valve supply line was opened. At this time, the pressure gauge reading on the solenoid valve 308 in the ignition stage supply line increased, and the flow rate reading displayed on the mass flow controller 303 in the liquid ignition stage supply line increased and gradually approached the required ignition fuel flow rate for the case. After the igniter 103 opened and ignited the fuel, the flue gas temperature measured at the combustion chamber outlet 1001 increased, and the temperature of the measuring section device rose rapidly.

[0037] During this process, the ignition stage fuel supply line of the multi-stage fuel system 30 begins operation. Upon receiving the ignition signal, the solenoid valve 308 opens rapidly, allowing fuel to enter the combustion chamber 100. Simultaneously, air from the high-temperature, high-pressure air system 20 enters the combustion chamber 100 according to the set flow rate and temperature, mixing with the fuel. The igniter 103 generates an electric spark, igniting the mixture and achieving ignition. The measuring device at the combustion chamber outlet 1001 monitors the flue gas temperature in real time; a temperature rise indicates successful ignition. The temperature of the measuring section device rises rapidly. At this point, the water pump spray pump and circulating water pump must be immediately turned on, and the electric proportional valve 404 adjusted to a certain opening degree to ensure proper distribution of water entering the measuring section device, thus cooling the measuring section device.

[0038] The water cooling system 40 plays a crucial role during the ignition and start-up phase. When the temperature of the measuring section device rises rapidly, the spray water pump and circulating water pump start, drawing cooling water from the water tank 406. A filter removes impurities from the water, preventing blockages in the pipes and ensuring effective cooling. The high-pressure water pump 402 provides sufficient water pressure, allowing the cooling water to quickly reach the measuring section device. The throttle valve 403 and proportional valve 404 precisely adjust the flow rate and pressure of the cooling water according to the temperature of the measuring section device, achieving efficient cooling. The cooling water cools the measuring section device through the spray water path 401 and the circulating water path 400, preventing damage due to overheating. Significant changes in the pressure readings displayed by the spray water inlet pressure gauge, flue gas water jacket pressure gauge, and circulating water jacket pressure gauge indicate that the cooling system is functioning normally. The spray water is drawn from the spray water pump, and the water vapor directly enters before the first back pressure valve 1021, causing the rapidly rising temperature displayed on the thermometers of the first and second back pressure valves 1021 and 1022 to drop below a safe temperature, ensuring the safety of the back pressure valves. (Enhanced operating conditions phase) Subsequently, the operating parameters are gradually increased to ensure that the thermometers at the first back pressure valve 1021 and the second back pressure valve 1022 do not exceed their limits, and that the temperature before the flue gas analyzer 500 reaches its required temperature (this can be achieved by adjusting the electric regulating valve to mix in some cold air, thus adjusting the temperature of the flue gas analyzer 500). This completes all the operating points required for the ignition and start-up phase. During this process, the electric bypass valve 210 and the electric regulating valve need to be continuously adjusted to open the corresponding heaters and achieve the required air temperature for each operating point, i.e., the air thermometer is raised to the specified temperature.

[0039] During the enhanced operating conditions phase, the high-temperature, high-pressure air system 20 and the multi-stage fuel system 30 need to work closely together. As operating parameters increase, the supply of air and fuel needs to be increased. By adjusting the manual valve assembly 206, the air supply mode can be changed, such as switching from a single-path supply to a two-path or three-path parallel supply, to meet the air flow requirements under different operating conditions. Simultaneously, the opening of the electric bypass valve 210 and the electric regulating valve is continuously adjusted to precisely control the air flow and pressure. The corresponding heater is then turned on, and the air temperature is adjusted according to the operating requirements. Heaters of different power can provide air at different temperatures; by appropriately selecting the heater, the air temperature can be brought to the specified level.

[0040] The multi-stage fuel system 30, based on operating conditions, gradually opens the shift fuel supply line and the main combustion stage fuel supply line. The shift fuel supply line provides an appropriate amount of fuel after ignition to maintain combustion stability. The main combustion stage fuel supply line provides a large amount of fuel according to test requirements to achieve high-load combustion. The mass flow controller 303 precisely controls the flow rate of fuel at each stage to ensure the accuracy and stability of fuel supply. The solenoid valve 308, according to instructions from the control system, promptly opens or closes the fuel passage to achieve rapid fuel flow.

[0041] The flue gas analyzer 500 monitors the composition and temperature of the flue gas in real time. When the temperature before the flue gas analyzer 500 does not reach the required temperature, a portion of cold air can be mixed in by adjusting the electric regulating valve to lower the flue gas temperature and protect the flue gas analyzer 500. Simultaneously, the flue gas analyzer 500 analyzes components such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas, providing data for optimizing the combustion process. By adjusting the air-fuel ratio, combustion is made more complete, improving combustion efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions. Stable operation phase. Once the design operating conditions are reached, the system enters a stable operation phase. At this time, the high-temperature, high-pressure air system 20 continuously provides air with a stable flow rate and temperature, the multi-stage fuel system 30 supplies fuel according to a set ratio, and the combustion process within the combustion chamber 100 remains stable. The measuring device at the combustion chamber outlet 1001 continuously monitors parameters such as flue gas temperature and pressure to ensure stable combustion conditions. The measuring section further processes and analyzes the flue gas, and the flue gas analyzer 500 provides real-time feedback of flue gas composition data.

[0042] The water cooling system 40 continues to cool the measuring section and combustion chamber 100, maintaining the equipment temperature within a safe range. Components such as the filter, high-pressure water pump 402, throttle valve 403 / proportional valve 404, check valve 405, and pressure sensor work together to ensure stable cooling water flow and pressure. The circulating water path 400 and spray water path 401 operate continuously, removing heat and ensuring normal system operation.

[0043] During this process, the control system adjusts system parameters in real time based on data feedback from various measuring devices. For example, when the flue gas temperature is too high, the control system can adjust the airflow or fuelflow to reduce the combustion temperature; when the oxygen content in the flue gas is too low, the control system can increase the air supply to improve combustion efficiency. By continuously adjusting and optimizing system parameters, the system is kept in optimal operating condition, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test. End of Test Phase After the test, the system cools the electric heater via a specific combination of manual valves, eliminating the need for the test bench. This design not only accelerates the cooling of the heating equipment and shortens the test completion process, thus reducing time and labor costs, but also improves the overall system safety. Furthermore, the direct venting of heat to the atmosphere prevents residual heat from affecting subsequent tests, further enhancing safety.

[0044] First, shut down the air compressor 200 and the refrigerated dryer 207 to stop the air supply. Then, sequentially close the solenoid valves 308 of each fuel supply line to stop the fuel supply. Turn off the heater to stop heating the air. Isolate the electric heater from the system by adjusting the hand valve group 206, and then open the cooling valve of the electric heater to allow the cooling medium to directly cool the electric heater, accelerating the cooling speed of the heating equipment.

[0045] The water cooling system 40 continues to run for a period of time to cool the measuring section and combustion chamber 100, ensuring the equipment temperature drops to a safe range before shutting down the water pump. The flue gas analyzer 500 is then turned off to stop monitoring the flue gas composition. Finally, the entire system is inspected and maintained, impurities in the filters are cleaned, and the operation of each component is checked to prepare for the next test. In summary, this invention, by employing a multi-channel parallel / series air configuration, a three-stage fuel supply, and a series of precision sensors and actuators, realizes a multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system. It also precisely controls the flow rate and can cool the combustion test bench, assist in fuel atomization, and organize combustion, thereby improving the efficiency of combustion test tasks.

[0046] This invention features a compact and rational structure and is easy to operate. By adopting a multi-channel parallel / series air supply and a three-stage fuel supply, along with a series of precision sensors and actuators, it realizes a multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system. It can also accurately control the flow rate and perform functions such as cooling the combustion test bench, fuel atomization assistance, and combustion organization, thereby improving the efficiency of completing combustion test tasks.

[0047] In addition, the present invention also has the following advantages: Precise Flow Control: During the test, the system achieves precise control of air flow through the coordinated operation of the electric bypass valve 210, the flow regulating valve, and the mass flow controller 303. The electric bypass valve 210 and the flow regulating valve perform coarse and fine adjustments to the flow rate, respectively, while the mass flow controller 303 provides more precise flow control and measurement functions. This design ensures the stability and repeatability of test conditions, improving the reliability and repeatability of test data. For example, during the ignition start-up phase and the operating condition enhancement phase, precise adjustment of the air flow rate ensures thorough mixing of fuel and air, achieving stable combustion and guaranteeing accurate test data.

[0048] Rapid cooling heating equipment: After the test, the system cools the electric heater via a specific combination of manual valves, eliminating the need for the test bench. This design not only accelerates the cooling speed of the heating equipment but also shortens the test completion process, reducing time and labor costs, and improving the overall system safety. Furthermore, the direct venting of heat to the atmosphere avoids the impact of residual heat inside the test bench on subsequent tests, further enhancing safety. For example, when conducting multiple consecutive tests, the rapid cooling heating equipment can reduce test intervals and improve test efficiency.

[0049] Optimizing the combustion process: The flue gas analyzer 500 analyzes the composition of the flue gas produced by combustion in real time, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. Through the flue gas inlet pipe 501 connected to the outlet measuring device 102, flue gas samples are accurately collected, providing data for analyzing combustion efficiency and pollutant emissions. Based on the flue gas analysis results, the air-fuel ratio can be adjusted to optimize the combustion process, improve combustion efficiency, reduce pollutant emissions, and meet environmental protection requirements. For example, when the carbon monoxide content in the flue gas is too high, it indicates incomplete combustion, which can be improved by increasing the air supply.

[0050] Equipment Safety Protection: The water cooling system 40 cools the combustion chamber 100 and the measuring section during testing, preventing damage from overheating. The circulating water path 400 and spray water path 401 remove impurities from the water through filters, preventing blockages and ensuring effective cooling. The high-pressure water pump 402 provides sufficient water pressure to ensure cooling water reaches the required areas quickly and effectively. The combined use of the throttle valve 403 and proportional valve 404 precisely regulates the flow and pressure of the cooling water to meet cooling needs under different operating conditions. The check valve 405 prevents backflow of cooling water, protecting the high-pressure water pump 402 and other equipment. A pressure sensor monitors the pressure in the water path in real time, ensuring stable operation of the cooling system. For example, during ignition and start-up phases and when operating conditions increase, the temperature of the combustion chamber 100 and the measuring section rises rapidly; the water cooling system 40 can promptly remove the heat, protecting the equipment.

[0051] Adapting to diverse testing needs: The multi-channel parallel / series air supply configuration offers flexibility. When different air flow rates and pressures are required, the manual valve assembly 206 allows for rapid adjustment of three-channel parallel, two-channel parallel, or single-channel supply modes to meet diverse testing requirements. The three-stage fuel supply system can also provide different fuel flow rates according to testing requirements, enabling various operating conditions such as ignition, sustained combustion, and high-load combustion. For example, during research experiments on different combustion modes, various actual combustion conditions can be simulated by adjusting the air and fuel supply modes.

[0052] The above description is an explanation of the present invention and not a limitation thereof. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Within the scope of protection of the present invention, any form of modification may be made.

Claims

1. A multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system, characterized in that, include: A combustion chamber system includes a combustion chamber, an air inlet measuring device, and an air outlet measuring device. The combustion chamber is provided with multiple air inlets, multiple fuel inlets, and an igniter located at the air inlet. The air inlet measuring device is placed at the air inlet of the combustion chamber, and the air inlet measuring device includes a temperature and pressure monitoring structure. The air outlet measuring device is located on the exhaust pipe at the outlet of the combustion chamber, and the air outlet measuring device includes a temperature and pressure monitoring structure. A high-temperature, high-pressure air system is provided with at least three air supply lines that connect to the combustion chamber air inlet, the air supply lines comprising, in sequence: Air compressor, air tank, electric switch valve, mass flow meter, pneumatic regulating valve, air heater; The high-temperature and high-pressure air system is also equipped with multiple manual valve groups, which are connected between two adjacent air supply lines to achieve parallel connection of any two or three air supply lines. as well as; A multi-stage fuel system having at least three fuel supply lines that connect to the combustion chamber and supply fuel independently, with multiple fuel supply lines sharing a single fuel tank. The fuel supply lines include those connected sequentially as follows: Oil pump, relief valve, mass flow controller and check valve; and the range of the mass flow controller in each oil supply line is different. The multiple fuel supply lines are arranged in ascending order of the mass flow controller's range: ignition stage fuel supply line, shift fuel supply line, and main combustion stage fuel supply line. The ignition stage fuel supply line is aligned with the igniter to achieve ignition in the combustion chamber.

2. The multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating temperature of the air heater in any of the aforementioned air supply lines is different.

3. The multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A coarse filter and a fine filter are respectively installed at the front and rear ends of the oil pump. The two-stage filtration can retain large particulate impurities in the coarse filter and filter out small particulate impurities in the fine filter.

4. The multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas outlet measuring device is provided with an air inlet that connects to the combustion chamber and an air outlet that leads out the combustion gas. The air outlet of the gas outlet measuring device is connected to two air outlet pipes with different inner diameters and distributed in parallel. A high-temperature flue gas electric butterfly valve and a temperature measuring device are provided on the air outlet pipes.

5. The multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a water-cooling system that interfaces with the air outlet measuring device. The water-cooling system includes a circulating water path and a spray water path connected in parallel from the same water tank, and each water path includes a filter, a high-pressure water pump, a throttle valve / proportional valve, a check valve, and a pressure sensor.

6. The multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature and high-pressure air system also includes an electric bypass valve, a thermometer, and a pressure sensor; the air compressor is a fixed-frequency or variable-frequency unit; the electric bypass valve is located between the manual valve group and the electric switch valve; and the thermometer and pressure sensor are used to monitor the pressure and temperature of the air supply pipeline.

7. The multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The combustion chamber is equipped with multiple wall temperature measuring devices for measuring the furnace wall temperature.

8. The multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a flue gas analyzer, which includes an inlet pipe connected to an outlet measuring device and connected to one of the gas supply lines.

9. The multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature and high-pressure air system also includes an air filter and a refrigerated dryer, and the manual valve assembly is located after the air filter.

10. A multi-stage fuel high-temperature and high-pressure combustion test bench system according to claim 1, characterized in that, One of the gas supply lines is equipped with a bypass line in a section between the manual valve assembly and the electric switch valve, and the bypass line is connected to the smoke exhaust tower.

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