Large-area complex terrain earthwork volume measurement method based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering measurement, and particularly discloses a large-area complex terrain earthwork volume measurement method based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling, which takes three-dimensional intelligent linkage, precise calculation optimization and process standardization as a core, integrates technologies such as RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) real-time data transmission, Cass three-dimensional modeling and Ottoman map collaborative point finding and the like. Detail innovation and process system improvement are carried out on a classical DTM two-stage method, and a whole-process technical system of data acquisition, modeling feedback, accurate calculation and rechecking and tracing is constructed. According to the invention, three technical breakthroughs of real-time linkage of indoor and outdoor work, precise metering of a slope area and intelligent point finding are realized, the industry blank of complex terrain earthwork measurement is filled, the industry is promoted to be transformed from experience driving to data driving, the auditing efficiency in engineering implementation is greatly improved, double breakthroughs of efficiency and precision of complex terrain earthwork measurement are successfully realized, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. The technical scheme capable of being copied and popularized is provided for large-area complex terrain earthwork measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering surveying technology, and in particular to a method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling. Background Technology

[0002] In civil engineering, mining, farmland irrigation, and ecological restoration projects, earthwork measurement is a core component of engineering planning and design, cost accounting, construction organization, and final acceptance, directly impacting project quality, construction efficiency, and investment control. Especially in large-scale, complex terrain scenarios, traditional earthwork measurement methods are no longer sufficient to meet the demands for high precision and efficiency.

[0003] Traditional earthwork surveying for large-area complex terrain suffers from industry pain points such as missed feature points, incomplete calculation boundaries, disconnect between field and office work, and low measurement accuracy. In particular, in mountainous and hilly areas with complex elevation changes, inaccurate data collection and calculation can easily lead to repeated data collection and calculation, project delays, and measurement disputes between the client and contractor.

[0004] This method takes "three-dimensional intelligent linkage + precise calculation optimization + process standardization" as its core, integrates technologies such as RTK real-time data transmission, Cass 3D modeling, and Ovi Map collaborative point finding, and innovates the classic DTM two-phase method in detail and improves the process system. It constructs a full-process technical system of "data acquisition - modeling feedback - precise calculation - verification and traceability", and achieves a dual breakthrough in efficiency and accuracy of earthwork measurement in complex terrain. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of missed feature point collection, incomplete calculation boundaries, disconnect between field and office work, and low measurement accuracy in traditional earthwork surveying of large-area complex terrain.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling, comprising the following steps: S1. Data Acquisition: The terrain is divided into blocks for measurement, and three-dimensional coordinate data of the terrain is collected using satellite positioning technology. Data files are generated and transmitted to the office in real time. S2, 3D modeling feedback: The indoor end builds a terrain model using data files and feeds the terrain model back to the field end; S3, Supplementing Points: In the field, compare the terrain model with the actual terrain to supplement any missed points; S4. Calculation and Verification: Based on the two-phase model, the optimized DTM two-phase method is used to calculate the earthwork volume, and the calculation results are verified through the verification process. S5. Data Archiving: Establish a standardized data archiving system to enable data to be searchable and traceable.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the measurement block division specifically involves: first, combining the construction organization design and BIM model to perform preliminary block division, then verifying the areas of sudden terrain changes on-site, setting blocks within blocks, and marking the boundaries with colored flags and bamboo poles after block division. The satellite positioning technology is BeiDou + GPS dual-mode RTK positioning; The process of collecting three-dimensional terrain coordinate data involves first collecting the boundary line, and then collecting a point every 8-10m along the feature line. When the slope is greater than 15°, the collection interval is reduced to 3-5m. The boundary line and feature line data are named and stored separately. The data file is in CSV format and is transmitted to the office via transmission methods including 4G / 5G networks, social software, and dedicated engineering software.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the surveyor, the reviewer, and the subcontractor jointly collect data points before excavation and compare the data with the original design topography; after excavation and filling are completed, the surveyor and the subcontractor jointly collect data points, while the reviewer collects data points separately. The standard operation method is a three-person, two-flag assembly line operation, which is as follows: three people form a group, two of whom hold flags to mark the survey area and one person operates the RTK.

[0009] Preferably, in step S3, when re-examining leak points, the focus is on checking steep slopes and valleys, and re-examining leak points until the model matches the actual terrain by ≥95%.

[0010] Preferably, the specific process for calculation and verification in step S4 is as follows: The two phases of data were processed as follows: the data was exported from the field, a .dat file was generated based on the data, CASS point plotting + DTM modeling + contour line generation was performed, error checking was performed, then the boundary point file was exported, the original coordinate overlay was performed, invalid triangulation was deleted, and an SJW file was generated. Earthwork volume is calculated using the optimized DTM two-phase method based on two-phase SJW files, generating drawings and a dtmtf.log file. The log file is then converted to Excel for future reference, and deviation checks are performed before final approval by all three parties.

[0011] The preferred and optimized two-phase DTM method includes three aspects: Phase II data stratified acquisition: Data from the edge lines and interior of the trench bottom is acquired in stratified layers; Closed-loop data collection at the top of the slope: After the bottom of the trench is collected, boundary points are collected around the top of the slope to form the cap boundary and clarify the calculation range; when the terrain is complex, the data boundary of the first phase must be collected in combination with the actual terrain. Implicit boundary supplementary sampling: supplementary sampling of key control points in the slope area, including slope change points, to construct a three-dimensional closed computational space of bottom-top-wall.

[0012] Preferably, the error checking includes DTM triangulation network validity verification; The DTM triangulation rationality verification is specifically carried out through three steps: contour line orientation analysis, local triangulation adjustment, and regeneration of SJW file. Check whether the contour lines meet the requirements of no drastic changes and consistent with the actual terrain direction. If they meet the requirements, the model is qualified. If they do not meet the requirements, delete the invalid triangular mesh in the unqualified area, collect feature points, and remodel.

[0013] Preferably, the deviation verification adopts a four-level deviation verification checklist. When the deviation exceeds the limit, the following checks are performed in order: 1. Data transcription: check whether there are errors in the manually calculated data; 2. Data collection integrity: check whether feature points and boundary points are missed; 3. Working condition matching: check whether the slope, working face position, trench bottom, and top opening dimensions on site are consistent with the calculated data; 4. Data rationality: check whether the sampling point spacing conforms to the terrain slope-spacing correspondence table and whether there are any abnormal values ​​in the measurement data.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, intelligent point finding technology is used in the verification stage, specifically: first, the DXF file is imported into the Ovi Map and coordinate transformation is performed to achieve rough positioning; then, the DXF base map is imported into RTK for precise layout and point finding. The intelligent point-finding technology also includes: an intelligent point-finding process guide to ensure that all employees master it.

[0015] Preferably, the standardized data archiving system described in step S5 includes an on-site measurement record signing ledger and standardized electronic archiving; The standardized electronic archive includes signature ledgers, SJW files, dtmtf.log files, AutoCAD drawings, and dat files, which are integrated with the project's intelligent management platform to enable one-click querying and traceability.

[0016] Preferably, the method is applicable to the following scenarios: earthwork measurement for trenching projects with complex terrain, including mountainous, hilly, and terrains with elevation differences >5m; general earthwork projects with frequent alternation of excavation and filling, including mountain highways, railway subgrade filling, and roadbed excavation; topsoil stripping projects with uneven topsoil stripping thickness and large terrain undulations, including large industrial parks and mine reclamation; and large-scale earthwork projects with high requirements for measurement accuracy and tight schedules.

[0017] The present invention employs the above-mentioned method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling, and its beneficial effects are as follows: (1) This invention achieves three major technological breakthroughs: "real-time linkage between indoor and outdoor operations", "precise measurement of slope areas", and "intelligent point finding", filling the industry gap in earthwork measurement for complex terrain. (2) The "Intelligent Point Finding Guide" and "Four-Level Verification Checklist" formed by this invention can be directly promoted to similar projects such as mountain roads and mine reclamation, and promote the industry to transform from "experience-driven" to "data-driven". (3) The measurement data of this invention is traceable and the deviation is controllable, which greatly improves the audit efficiency in the implementation of the project, reduces measurement disputes, and provides a replicable and scalable technical solution for earthwork measurement in large-area complex terrain. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling, according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of terrain segmentation according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the intelligent point-finding process guide according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the unclosed section between the two phases of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the default closure method of the two-stage cross-section in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the engineering quantity deviation area according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a sampling map of the hill / valley area according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is the signature ledger standard of this invention embodiment; Figure 9 This is the standard for retaining excavation and filling earthwork calculation data according to embodiments of the present invention; Figure 10 This is the standard for retaining topsoil stripping calculation data in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling, comprising: I. Data Acquisition: The terrain is divided into sections for measurement, and three-dimensional coordinate data of the terrain is collected using satellite positioning technology. Data files are generated and transmitted to the office in real time. (1) Measurement Blocking (BIM + Terrain Driven): First, perform preliminary block division based on the construction organization design and BIM model, then verify the areas with sudden terrain changes (such as slope > 15°) on site, and set "blocks within blocks" (such as... Figure 2As shown), ensure that the terrain features of each block are consistent (the terrain features within the same block are the same, and there are no two or more different terrain features appearing at the same time, such as avoiding gentle slopes and steep slopes in the same block); after dividing the blocks, use colored flags and bamboo poles to mark the boundaries to avoid missing the collection range.

[0021] (2) Topographic point collection (3D + encrypted dual protection): Beidou + GPS dual-mode RTK is used to collect (X, Y, Z) 3D coordinates; the boundary line is collected first (named and stored separately), and then a point is collected every 8-10m along the feature line (when the slope is >15°, it is reduced to 3-5m). The feature line data is generated into a separate file. The routine sampling points adopt the "three people, two flags" assembly line operation, which is as follows: three people form a group, two of whom hold flags to mark the survey area and one person operates the RTK. The machine does not stop when people stop; one person carries two instruments and six skilled personnel, working in two groups to complete the sampling of 8-10 hectares of routine sampling points per day. Before construction begins, the surveyor, reviewer, and subcontractor jointly collect data points and compare the data with the original design topography. Once the data is confirmed to be correct, the surveyor and subcontractor jointly collect data points, while the reviewer collects data points separately to ensure data traceability. (3) Data transmission and modeling (real-time + closed loop): After the field end exports the CSV file from RTK, it transmits it to the office through 4G / 5G network, social software or dedicated engineering software. The office completes the Cass display point, DTM modeling and 3D model generation within 1 hour and feeds the model back to the field personnel. (4) Supplementing leak points: After the model is fed back to the site, the field personnel compare the terrain model with the actual terrain, focusing on checking areas such as steep slopes and valleys, and supplementing leak points until the model matches the actual terrain ≥95%.

[0022] This method integrates BeiDou + GPS dual-mode RTK positioning and 3D intelligent modeling technology, which can cover complex terrains such as mountains, hills, and layered blocks. It is especially suitable for trenching, roadbed filling, road cut excavation, general earthwork and topsoil stripping projects with complex excavation and filling, and solves the problem of "poor adaptability and low data utilization" of traditional cross-section method for complex terrain, improving its versatility by more than 40%.

[0023] II. Calculation and Verification Stage: Based on the two-phase model, the optimized DTM two-phase method is used to calculate the earthwork volume, and the calculation results are verified through the verification process. (1) Calculation and verification process: The data for the two periods are processed as follows: export the data in the field → generate dat file based on the data → perform Cass point display + DTM modeling + contour line generation → perform error verification (contour line direction, triangular network rationality) → export boundary point file → perform original coordinate overlay map → delete invalid triangular network → generate SJW file; Earthwork volume is calculated using the optimized two-phase DTM method based on two-phase SJW files → Drawings + dtmtf.log file are generated → Log file is converted to Excel for future reference → Deviation verification is performed → Three parties sign off.

[0024] (2) Operational points (timeliness and scope control): The measurement and signing verification shall be completed within 24 hours after the excavation and filling are completed. The general contractor shall verify 100% of all sub-areas (to avoid cost loss due to large deviations in earthwork volume); for the data signed by the surveyors and subcontractors, if the deviation is 0-2%, it shall be used directly, and if it exceeds the deviation, the verification process shall be initiated.

[0025] (3) Deviation verification: A four-level deviation verification checklist is used. When the deviation exceeds the limit, the following verification order shall be followed: ① Data transcription: Check for errors in manually calculated data; ② Data collection completeness: Check whether feature points and boundary points have been missed; ③ Working condition matching: Whether the slope, working face, trench bottom, and top opening dimensions on site are consistent with the calculated data; ④ Data rationality: Whether the sampling point spacing conforms to the "terrain slope-spacing" correspondence table, and whether there are outliers in the measurement data (such as elevation change > 3m).

[0026] (4) Intelligent point finding technology (Aowei + CAD collaboration): To address the issue of time-consuming point finding during the review stage, the "Aowei Map + DXF base map" collaborative point finding method is adopted. ① Import DXF files into Aowei Map (convert coordinates to Beijing 54 / 2000 coordinate system) to achieve rough positioning within 3 meters; ② RTK imports DXF base maps for accurate layout and point finding, improving efficiency by more than 30%; ③ Compile the "Intelligent Point Finding Process Guide" to standardize operating procedures. The process guide is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, ensure that everyone understands.

[0027] (5) Optimization of the two-stage DTM method (complete calculation of three-dimensional boundaries): The classic two-stage DTM method calculates the earthwork volume of overlapping areas by comparing the topographic data (X, Y, Z) before and after the operation. It is suitable for earthwork excavation and filling in large areas, but it has some defects in terms of universality. For example, it is easy to ignore non-overlapping hidden areas such as slope protection in areas with complex terrain but relatively small measurement range and steep slopes. Problems that can be easily avoided when the range is large, the boundary is standardized, and the slope is small are amplified, and the deviation rate is out of control. This method makes three innovative optimizations: Phase II data collection: The bottom of the trench is collected in layers (e.g., every 2m) to ensure the integrity of the bottom data by collecting edge and internal data. Closed-loop data collection at the top of the slope: After the bottom of the trench is collected, boundary points are collected around the top of the slope to form the "cover" boundary and clarify the calculation range. When the terrain is complex, the simple trench terrain will become much more complex and the shape will no longer be regular. The data boundary of the first phase must be collected in combination with the actual terrain. Implicit boundary supplementary sampling: Supplementary sampling of key control points (such as slope change points) in the slope area ("wall") to construct a three-dimensional closed calculation space of "bottom-cover-wall", so as to accurately calculate the earthwork volume of the slope and solve the problem of "incomplete calculation" in the traditional two-stage method.

[0028] (6) Precautions: ① Edge line closure control: During the two-stage calculation, feature points need to be manually collected at the edge of the steep slope to ensure the closure of the cross-section line; if not closed, the software defaults to vertical line connection, which can easily lead to a deviation exceeding 5%. Manual adjustment using "Cass triangulation" is required to ensure the boundary matches the actual steep slope. Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown; ② Sampling strategy for uneven terrain: In hilly / valley areas, sampling points should be conducted according to the "slope-spacing" correspondence table (slope > 15°, spacing 3-5m; 5°-15°, spacing 8-10m) to avoid "interpolation surfaces deviating from the actual terrain" due to insufficient point density; at the same time, clearly define the excavation and filling areas, record the sampling point spacing, and avoid the accumulation of over- or under-sampling. Figure 7 As shown; ③ DTM triangulation rationality verification: Verification is carried out through three steps: “contour line orientation analysis → local triangulation adjustment → regeneration of SJW file”. If the contour lines have no drastic changes and are consistent with the actual terrain orientation, they are qualified. For unqualified areas, invalid triangulations need to be deleted, feature points need to be collected, and the model needs to be remodeled. ④ Data range matching control: When calling the original data, the range should be 5%-10% larger than the calculation range (the edge data is retained after the validity screening). This ensures that the elevation points of the edge lines used for earthwork volume calculation are consistent with the actual site conditions and avoids edge deviation due to insufficient data range.

[0029] III. Data Archiving: Establish a standardized data archiving system to enable data to be searchable and traceable, including on-site measurement and recording records, signed ledgers, and standardized electronic archiving; By connecting to the project's intelligent management platform, "signature ledgers, SJW files, dtmtf.log files, AutoCAD drawings, and dat files" are electronically archived, enabling one-click querying and traceability. Meanwhile, paper documents are retained according to the "Engineering Surveying Management System." For example... Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown.

[0030] After the implementation of the method, the dispute rate caused by earthwork measurement was reduced to 0, which is 100% lower than the traditional construction method and plays a significant role in maintaining stability; the audit of the upper level achieved zero audit reduction, which greatly improved the efficiency of the auditing party and made the income and profit of the general contractor controllable.

[0031] IV. Scope of Application: (1) Measurement of earthwork for trenching in complex terrain (mountains, hills, elevation difference > 5m); (2) General earthwork projects with frequent alternation of excavation and filling (such as mountain roads, railway subgrade filling, and road cut excavation). (3) Topsoil stripping projects with uneven topsoil stripping thickness and large topographic relief (such as large industrial parks and mine reclamation). (4) Large-scale earthwork projects with high requirements for measurement accuracy (deviation ≤ ±2%) and tight schedule.

[0032] V. Materials and Equipment: The core materials and equipment for this method are shown in Table 1. All equipment is characterized by "intelligent and highly compatible" features, and is suitable for operation in complex terrain.

[0033] Table 1 List of Main Materials and Equipment

[0034] VI. Quality Control: (1) Implementation standards: Strictly follow the "Engineering Surveying Specification" (GB50026-2007) and the "Technical Specification for Real-time Dynamic Measurement (RTK) of Global Positioning System" (CH / T2009-2010) to ensure that the measurement process is compliant.

[0035] (2) Core quality indicators: ①Feature point acquisition rate: ≥95% (verified through feedback from 3D model); ② Data transmission accuracy: 100% (file size and number of coordinates were checked after transmission); ③ Earthwork measurement deviation rate: ≤±2% (controlled by a four-level verification checklist and review process); ④ Data signing completeness rate: 100% (three-party signing + electronic archiving).

[0036] Project Example 1: Harbin Nangang District Xuanhua Street Residential Project: Total construction area 30,323.79 m² 2 (Including 3 residential buildings and 1 underground parking garage), earthwork area of ​​12,000 m² 2 The terrain is a gentle slope (with a local slope of 12°), requiring the excavation of 8,000 cubic meters of earth. Application results: After adopting the method of this invention, the measurement cycle was shortened from the traditional 15 days to 7 days, the feature point collection rate was 96%, the measurement deviation rate was 1.2%, no measurement disputes occurred, and the cost was saved by 120,000 yuan.

[0037] Project Example 2: Chongqing Project Overview: Earthwork area of ​​6.5 million m² 2 The project involves 10 million cubic meters of work, mostly in mountainous and hilly terrain (slope 5°~25°), with 6 vertical stratifications (a drop of 24 meters, with each stratification layer being 4 meters wide) and 48 horizontal blocks. Application results: By adopting the "three-person, two-flag method" and real-time modeling and point supplementation, 10 hectares of measurement can be completed in a single day (efficiency improved by 30%); the workload of re-measurement is reduced by 35%, saving 800,000 yuan in equipment rental costs; the measurement deviation rate is reduced and controlled within 1.5%, avoiding additional costs caused by exceeding the limit; personnel and equipment investment is reduced by 60%, reducing the measurement team by 6 groups (3 people per group), saving 600,000 yuan in labor costs.

[0038] Therefore, this invention employs the aforementioned method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling, achieving three major technological breakthroughs: "real-time linkage between indoor and outdoor operations," "precise measurement of slope areas," and "intelligent point finding," filling a gap in the industry for earthwork measurement in complex terrain. The "Intelligent Point Finding Guide" and "Four-Level Verification Checklist" generated by this invention can be directly applied to similar projects such as mountain roads and mine reclamation, promoting the industry's transformation from "experience-driven" to "data-driven." The measurement data of this invention is traceable and the deviation is controllable, significantly improving audit efficiency during project implementation, reducing measurement disputes, and providing a replicable and scalable technical solution for earthwork measurement in large-area complex terrain.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Data Acquisition: The terrain is divided into blocks for measurement, and three-dimensional coordinate data of the terrain is collected using satellite positioning technology. Data files are generated and transmitted to the office in real time. S2, 3D modeling feedback: The indoor end builds a terrain model using data files and feeds the terrain model back to the field end; S3, Supplementing Points: In the field, compare the terrain model with the actual terrain to supplement any missed points; S4. Calculation and Verification: Based on the two-phase model, the optimized DTM two-phase method is used to calculate the earthwork volume, and the calculation results are verified through the verification process. S5. Data Archiving: Establish a standardized data archiving system to enable data to be searchable and traceable; Optimizing the two-phase DTM method involves three aspects: Phase II data stratified acquisition: Data from the edge lines and interior of the trench bottom is acquired in stratified layers; Closed-loop data collection at the top of the slope: After the bottom of the trench is collected, boundary points are collected around the top of the slope to form the cap boundary and clarify the calculation range; when the terrain is complex, the data boundary of the first phase must be collected in combination with the actual terrain. Implicit boundary supplementary sampling: supplementary sampling of key control points in the slope area, including slope change points, to construct a three-dimensional closed computational space of bottom-top-wall.

2. The method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the measurement block division specifically involves: first, combining the construction organization design and BIM model to perform preliminary block division, then verifying the areas of sudden terrain changes on-site, setting blocks within blocks, and marking the boundaries with colored flags and bamboo poles after block division. The satellite positioning technology is BeiDou + GPS dual-mode RTK positioning; The process of collecting three-dimensional terrain coordinate data involves first collecting the boundary line, and then collecting a point every 8-10m along the feature line. When the slope is greater than 15°, the collection interval is reduced to 3-5m. The boundary line and feature line data are named and stored separately. The data file is in CSV format and is transmitted to the office via transmission methods including 4G / 5G networks, social software, and dedicated engineering software.

3. The method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, before excavation, the surveyor, the reviewer, and the subcontractor jointly collect data points and compare the data with the original design topography; after excavation and filling are completed, the surveyor and the subcontractor jointly collect data points, while the reviewer collects data points separately. The standard operation method is a three-person, two-flag assembly line operation, which is as follows: three people form a group, two of whom hold flags to mark the survey area and one person operates the RTK.

4. The method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, when replenishing leak points, focus on checking steep slopes and valleys, and replenish leak points until the model matches the actual terrain ≥95%.

5. The method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process for calculation and verification in step S4 is as follows: The two phases of data were processed as follows: the data was exported from the field, a .dat file was generated based on the data, CASS point plotting + DTM modeling + contour line generation was performed, error checking was performed, then the boundary point file was exported, the original coordinate overlay was performed, invalid triangulation was deleted, and an SJW file was generated. Earthwork volume is calculated using the optimized DTM two-phase method based on two-phase SJW files, generating drawings and a dtmtf.log file. The log file is then converted to Excel for future reference, and deviation checks are performed before final approval by all three parties.

6. The method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The error checking includes verification of the rationality of the DTM triangulation network; The DTM triangulation rationality verification is specifically carried out through three steps: contour line orientation analysis, local triangulation adjustment, and regeneration of SJW file. Check whether the contour lines meet the requirements of no drastic changes and consistent with the actual terrain direction. If they meet the requirements, the model is qualified. If they do not meet the requirements, delete the invalid triangular mesh in the unqualified area, collect feature points, and remodel.

7. The method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The deviation verification adopts a four-level deviation verification checklist. When the deviation exceeds the limit, the following checks are performed in order:

1. Data transcription: check whether there are any errors in the manually calculated data; 2. Data collection integrity: check whether feature points and boundary points are missing; 3. Working condition matching: check whether the slope, working face position, trench bottom, and top opening dimensions on site are consistent with the calculated data. IV. Data rationality: Whether the sampling point spacing conforms to the terrain slope-spacing correspondence table, and whether there are any outliers in the measurement data.

8. The method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, intelligent point finding technology is used in the verification stage. Specifically, first, the Ovi Map imports the DXF file and performs coordinate transformation to achieve rough positioning; then, RTK imports the DXF base map to perform precise stakeout and point finding. The intelligent point-finding technology also includes: an intelligent point-finding process guide, and ensures that all employees master it.

9. The method for measuring earthwork volume in large-area complex terrain based on three-dimensional intelligent modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The standardized data archiving system described in step S5 includes on-site measurement record signing ledgers and standardized electronic archiving; The standardized electronic archive includes signature ledgers, SJW files, dtmtf.log files, AutoCAD drawings, and dat files, which are integrated with the project's intelligent management platform to enable one-click querying and traceability.

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