Geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection and automatic leveling method

Abstract

The invention discloses a geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection and an automatic leveling method. The geological disaster monitoring device comprises an equipment installation platform, a base, at least three sets of supporting and adjusting mechanisms, a gravity pendulum driving assembly and a central differential mechanism, and a pendulum bob, freely swinging relative to the base, in the gravity pendulum driving assembly drives a constant-speed connecting mechanism to output driving force; the constant-speed connecting mechanism is in transmission connection with the power input end of the central differential mechanism, and each power output end is in transmission connection with the corresponding supporting and adjusting mechanism so as to drive the supporting and adjusting mechanisms to adjust the levelness of the equipment installation platform. According to the scheme, the reliability of the leveling process of the monitoring device is ensured by utilizing a mechanical structure, and the geological disaster monitoring sensor is ensured to be always in an optimal working posture, so that the problem of data reference drift caused by deformation of the mounting base along with a mountain is eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster early warning technology, and in particular to a geological disaster monitoring device and automatic leveling method based on slope detection. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of geological disaster monitoring and early warning technology, the positional stability of disaster monitoring equipment is crucial for the accuracy of data acquisition. In existing technologies, monitoring equipment is typically installed in high-risk geological disaster areas such as hillsides and slopes using fixed supports or adjustable platforms. However, over long-term geological evolution and monitoring processes, existing support and adjustment technologies generally suffer from the following technical problems.

[0003] First, fixed supports lack the ability to adapt to geological deformation. The deformation process of mountains typically combines slow, gradual creep evolution with sudden changes, which fixed support structures cannot dynamically adapt to. Usually, initial leveling is performed during equipment installation, but over time or after significant geological changes, such as changes in mountain inclination, the equipment will tilt along with the mountain. When the tilt angle exceeds its design tolerance, it will significantly affect the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0004] Secondly, although existing electronic leveling systems can adjust the angle, these systems require continuous power supply, which is difficult to guarantee, especially in complex outdoor environments. In addition, the electronic control system and drive motor of electric leveling systems are prone to circuit corrosion and other problems in high humidity and drastic temperature fluctuations in the field, and their reliability cannot meet the equipment requirements.

[0005] Furthermore, the scheme relying on regular manual adjustments usually has a significant lag, making it difficult to respond to geological changes in a timely manner. It is prone to gaps or errors in monitoring data and requires frequent on-site operations, which is difficult and costly to implement in remote or dangerous areas.

[0006] In addition, existing automatic leveling devices mostly use hydraulic or pneumatic systems, which are complex in structure and easily affected by external environmental factors such as temperature and climate. They have poor stability and reliability and are not suitable for long-term unattended field work environments.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a geological disaster monitoring device support system that can automatically adapt to terrain changes, requires no external drive, has a reliable structure, and is stable over the long term, so as to ensure that the monitoring equipment always maintains a horizontal working state, thereby improving the accuracy and continuity of data collection. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problems to be solved by this invention include at least: how to achieve real-time and automatic attitude correction of geological disaster monitoring equipment under unstable geological conditions at the installation location in the field without external power supply, and to ensure the horizontal stability of the support structure after correction.

[0009] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention first provides the following technical solution: a geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection, comprising: an equipment mounting platform for supporting geological disaster monitoring sensors; a base for fixed connection to the ground; at least three sets of support and adjustment mechanisms distributed and installed on the base to support the equipment mounting platform; a gravity pendulum drive assembly disposed between the equipment mounting platform and the base, comprising a pendulum that swings freely relative to the base and a constant velocity connection mechanism, wherein the pendulum drives the constant velocity connection mechanism to output driving force; and a central differential disposed on the base, comprising a power input end and at least three power output ends for differential distribution, wherein the constant velocity connection mechanism is drivenly connected to the power input end, and each power output end is drivenly connected to each of the support and adjustment mechanisms to drive the support and adjustment mechanisms to adjust the levelness of the equipment mounting platform.

[0010] Furthermore, the support adjustment mechanism includes a transmission box, a lifting screw, an internal threaded worm gear, a worm, and an anti-rotation guide mechanism. The transmission box is fixedly mounted on the base, the worm is installed inside the transmission box, one end of the worm is connected to a power output end of the central differential, the internal threaded worm gear is disposed inside the transmission box and meshes with the worm; the lifting screw passes through the internal threaded worm gear, the internal thread of the internal threaded worm gear and the external thread of the lifting screw form a threaded engagement, and the anti-rotation guide mechanism is used to restrict the circumferential rotation of the lifting screw, so that the rotation of the internal threaded worm gear drives the lifting screw to rise and fall axially.

[0011] Furthermore, the central differential includes an input shaft, a third transmission input bevel gear, a side bevel gear, a planetary carrier, two planetary bevel gears, three half-shaft bevel gears, and three output shafts. The input shaft serves as the power input end. The third transmission input bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the input shaft and meshes with the side bevel gear. The side bevel gear is fixedly connected to the planetary carrier, driving the planetary carrier to rotate. The two planetary bevel gears are rotatably mounted on the planetary carrier via planetary shafts. The three half-shaft bevel gears are respectively fixedly connected to the three output shafts as power output ends. The two planetary bevel gears simultaneously mesh with the three half-shaft bevel gears, distributing the power differential to the three output shafts.

[0012] Furthermore, the half-shaft bevel gear is a 45° bevel angle spur bevel gear, and the central axes of the three half-shaft bevel gears are located in the same plane and form a 120° angle with each other.

[0013] Furthermore, the gravity pendulum drive assembly also includes a pendulum rod, the upper end of which is connected to a constant velocity connection mechanism, and the lower end of which is connected to the pendulum hammer; the constant velocity connection mechanism also includes a pendulum seat, a middle short shaft, a connecting plate, a mating connecting shaft, and an output connecting shaft; the pendulum seat is connected to the upper end of the pendulum rod, and the middle short shaft is rotatably connected to the pendulum seat via bearings; the two ends of the middle short shaft are respectively rotatably connected to one end of two connecting plates via bearings, and the other ends of the two connecting plates are respectively fixedly connected to the mating connecting shaft and the output connecting shaft; the output connecting shaft is used to output the driving force.

[0014] Furthermore, the axis of the intermediate short shaft forms a 30° angle with the axis of the mating connecting shaft, and the mating connecting shaft and the output connecting shaft are coaxially arranged and are both rotatably connected to the equipment mounting platform through bearings.

[0015] Furthermore, the constant velocity connection mechanism is connected to the power input end of the central differential via two sets of bevel gear transmission mechanisms; one set of bevel gear transmission mechanisms is a first bevel gear transmission mechanism, including a first transmission input bevel gear and a first transmission output bevel gear meshing with each other, the first transmission input bevel gear being connected to the shaft end of the output connection shaft; the other set of bevel gear transmission mechanisms is a second bevel gear transmission mechanism, including a second transmission input bevel gear and a second transmission output bevel gear meshing with each other, the second transmission input bevel gear being coaxially connected to the first transmission output bevel gear, and the second transmission output bevel gear being connected to the power input end of the central differential.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper end of the lifting screw is connected to the equipment mounting platform via a ball joint hinge structure; the ball joint hinge structure includes a ball head, a ball socket, and a locking ring, the ball head is located at the upper end of the lifting screw, the ball socket is located at the bottom of the equipment mounting platform, the ball head is accommodated in the ball socket, and the locking ring is installed on the outer periphery of the ball socket to prevent the ball head from coming out.

[0017] Furthermore, the transmission box is fixedly connected to the base via a flange, and the flange is fastened to the base with bolts.

[0018] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention also provides an automatic leveling method using the above-mentioned geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection, comprising the following steps: Install the geological hazard monitoring device in the slope area to be monitored, and keep the device installation platform initially in a horizontal state; When the base tilts with the terrain, the pendulum of the gravity pendulum drive assembly remains vertical under the action of gravity, generating an angular offset relative to the equipment mounting platform; driving the constant velocity connection structure to rotate and driving the central differential to differentially distribute the power output to each of the power output terminals; The power output end drives the support adjustment mechanism to adjust the levelness of the equipment installation platform.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention employs a gravity pendulum drive assembly that can freely swing relative to the base and output driving force to provide the power source for a purely mechanical leveling system. Utilizing the power distribution characteristics of a mechanical differential, the rotation of a single input shaft is transformed into a torque distribution problem for the support adjustment mechanisms connected to three output ends. Different torques automatically achieve the differentiated lifting and lowering required by the three support points during the leveling process, avoiding mechanical jamming or "false starts" that may occur with rigid synchronous drives. This achieves adaptive leveling of the equipment installation platform under any tilt direction. This solution avoids electronic control, using a mechanical structure to ensure the reliability of the leveling process. It ensures that the geological disaster monitoring sensor is always in the optimal working position, thereby eliminating the data reference drift problem caused by the deformation of the installation base with the mountain, significantly improving the accuracy and confidence of the monitoring data. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the gravity pendulum drive assembly and the central differential of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an enlarged view of point A in the gravity pendulum drive assembly and central differential of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the gravity pendulum drive assembly and the central differential of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the support and adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the support adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] In the picture: 100. Equipment installation platform; 200. Base; 300. Pendulum; 301. Pendulum rod; 302. Swing seat; 303. Connecting shaft; 304. Output connecting shaft; 305. Intermediate short shaft; 306. First transmission input bevel gear; 307. First transmission output bevel gear; 308. Second transmission input bevel gear; 309. Second transmission output bevel gear; 400. Central differential; 401. Half-shaft bevel gear; 402. Planetary bevel gear; 403. Side bevel gear; 404. Third transmission input bevel gear; 405. Input shaft; 406. Output shaft; 407. Planetary carrier; 500. Transmission box; 501. Lifting screw; 502. Internal threaded worm gear; 503. Worm; 600, ball head; 601, ball socket. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To explain in detail the technical content, objectives, and effects of the present invention, the following description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0023] Geological disaster monitoring and early warning technologies are widely used in high-risk areas such as landslide areas, collapse zones, debris flow-prone areas, and high slopes along highways and railways. These monitoring systems rely on precision sensors such as GPS receivers, high-precision inclinometers, and crack gauges to capture surface displacement and deformation around the clock. These devices are typically deployed in harsh, rugged terrain far from urban power grids, operating under extremely demanding conditions. In existing technologies, the installation of monitoring equipment mainly relies on fixed steel supports or concrete bases. This traditional rigid installation method has significant technical drawbacks: because geological deformation of slopes is often accompanied by slow, uneven settlement or creep, the fixed base will tilt along with the mountainside. Once the installation posture of the equipment deviates from the horizontal reference, it will directly lead to systematic deviations in the monitoring data, seriously affecting the accuracy of early warnings. Although existing solutions include motor-driven electronic leveling systems, they are highly dependent on outdoor power supply and their delicate internal electronic components have an extremely high failure rate when facing outdoor environments such as high humidity, lightning strikes, and severe temperature differences. This makes it difficult to meet the actual needs of monitoring equipment for long-term unattended operation, high reliability, and low maintenance costs.

[0024] To at least resolve the above technical issues, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2This invention provides a geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection, comprising: an equipment mounting platform 100 for supporting geological disaster monitoring sensors; a base 200 for fixed connection to the ground; at least three sets of support and adjustment mechanisms distributed and installed on the base 200 and supporting the equipment mounting platform 100; a gravity pendulum drive assembly disposed between the equipment mounting platform 100 and the base 200, including a pendulum 300 that swings freely relative to the base and a constant velocity connection mechanism, wherein the pendulum 300 drives the constant velocity connection mechanism to output driving force; and a central differential 400 disposed on the base 200, including a power input end and at least three power output ends for differential distribution, wherein the constant velocity connection mechanism is drivenly connected to the power input end, and each power output end is drivenly connected to each of the support and adjustment mechanisms to drive the support and adjustment mechanisms to adjust the levelness of the equipment mounting platform 100. This specific embodiment employs a gravity pendulum drive assembly that can freely swing relative to the base and output driving force to provide the power source for a purely mechanical leveling system. Utilizing the power distribution characteristics of a mechanical differential, the rotation of a single input shaft is transformed into a torque distribution problem for the support adjustment mechanisms connected to three output ends. Different torques automatically achieve the differentiated lifting and lowering required by the three support points during the leveling process, avoiding mechanical jamming or "false starts" that may occur with rigid synchronous drives. This achieves adaptive leveling of the equipment installation platform under any tilt direction. This solution avoids electronic control, using a mechanical structure to ensure the reliability of the leveling process. It ensures that the geological disaster monitoring sensors are always in the optimal working position, thereby eliminating the data reference drift problem caused by the deformation of the installation base with the mountain, significantly improving the accuracy and confidence of the monitoring data.

[0025] Optionally, the equipment mounting platform 100 can be a horizontal plate-like structure used to support the geological disaster monitoring sensor system.

[0026] Typically, a geological hazard monitoring sensor system is installed on the equipment mounting platform 100, including a triaxial MEMS tilt monitoring unit and a displacement monitoring unit. The triaxial MEMS tilt monitoring unit includes an XY-axis bidirectional tilt sensor and a high-precision tilt sensor array, while the displacement monitoring unit includes a differential GPS receiver module, a laser rangefinder, and a micro-displacement measuring instrument. These sensors together form a complete geological hazard monitoring system.

[0027] Specifically, the equipment mounting platform 100 can be made of aluminum alloy, typically 15mm thick, with an anodized surface to enhance corrosion resistance. The internal structure of the equipment mounting platform 100 can employ a honeycomb-shaped reinforcing rib design, improving overall rigidity while maintaining lightweight construction and preventing deformation under load. The upper surface of the equipment mounting platform 100 also features a standardized array of mounting holes with M6 threads for securing various monitoring sensors. This mounting hole array can be modularly designed for flexible configuration based on different sensor combinations. Additionally, the edges of the equipment mounting platform 100 can have waterproof sealing grooves for installing sealing rings to protect the electronic equipment on the platform from rain.

[0028] Specifically, the base 200 is the foundation part in contact with the ground and is connected to the equipment mounting platform 100 via three-point support. The base 200 can be made of high-strength engineering plastic, possessing excellent weather resistance and deformation resistance. The base 200 has three telescopic legs at its bottom, each equipped with an anti-slip rubber pad to increase friction with the ground. To ensure stable installation on various terrains, the base 200 has four fixing holes for ground stakes, allowing it to be firmly fixed to the ground. The ground stakes are made of stainless steel, 30cm in length, and have a spiral design, allowing them to penetrate into soft terrain such as soil and sand, providing stable fixation. For rocky ground, the base 200 also has pre-drilled holes for expansion bolts for securing. Furthermore, drainage channels are provided around the base 200 to prevent rainwater accumulation from affecting the stability of the device.

[0029] Furthermore, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7The support adjustment mechanism includes a transmission box 500, a lifting screw 501, an internal threaded worm gear 502, a worm 503, and an anti-rotation guide mechanism. The transmission box 500 is fixedly installed on the base 200. The worm 503 is installed inside the transmission box 500, and one end of the worm 503 is connected to one power output end of the central differential 400. The internal threaded worm gear 502 is disposed inside the transmission box 500 and meshes with the worm 503. The lifting screw 501 passes through the internal threaded worm gear 502, and the internal thread of the internal threaded worm gear 502 forms a threaded engagement with the external thread of the lifting screw 501. The anti-rotation guide mechanism is used to restrict the circumferential rotation of the lifting screw, so that the rotation of the internal threaded worm gear 502 drives the lifting screw 501 to rise and fall axially. The upper end of the lifting screw 501 is hinged to a support point below the equipment mounting platform 100 via a ball joint 600. The ball joint 600 hinge structure allows for a certain angle between the screw and the equipment mounting platform 100, ensuring stable contact under three-point support. A thrust bearing is installed at the lower part of the lifting screw 501, mounted in the transmission box 500 or base 200, to bear the axial load of the lifting screw 501 and reduce frictional resistance, ensuring the system's sensitivity and reliability. An internal thread worm gear and worm mechanism are used as the support and adjustment mechanism, achieving precise height adjustment and a self-locking function. The internal thread worm gear and worm drive has a large transmission ratio, converting small-angle rotation into precise linear displacement, ensuring leveling accuracy. Simultaneously, the self-locking characteristic of the internal thread worm gear and worm mechanism ensures that the system will not move in the opposite direction under external disturbances, enhancing the stability and reliability of the device. This solves the problem of traditional electric leveling systems requiring continuous power supply, enabling the device to operate stably for extended periods in outdoor environments without power supply.

[0030] Specifically, the anti-rotation guiding mechanism can adopt a keyway-type anti-rotation structure, including a fixing key and a guide groove. The fixing key is a long strip of metal, fixed on one side to the inner wall of the transmission box 500, and the other side mates with the guide groove on the lifting screw 501. The guide groove is a straight groove machined along the axial direction of the lifting screw 501, and its width matches the thickness of the fixing part, leaving a gap of 0.05 to 0.1 mm to reduce friction. Both the fixing key and the guide groove are made of wear-resistant steel, and the surface is hardened to extend service life. This structural design ensures that the lifting screw 501 can only move axially and will not rotate, while not affecting the normal rotation of the worm gear.

[0031] Specifically, the transmission box 500 is fixedly connected to the base 200 via a flange, which is bolted to the base 200. The flange is a circular metal plate with six bolt holes evenly distributed around its perimeter. The base 200 has corresponding threaded holes, and the flange of the transmission box 500 is tightly connected to the base 200 with six high-strength bolts. To enhance connection strength and prevent loosening due to vibration, a combination of spring washers and flat washers is used at the bolt connections to ensure reliable connection during long-term use in harsh outdoor environments. A sealing gasket is provided on the contact surface between the transmission box 500 and the base 200 to prevent moisture and dust from entering the interior of the transmission box 500.

[0032] For further details, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The central differential 400 includes an input shaft 405, a third transmission input bevel gear 404, a side bevel gear 403, a planetary carrier 407, two planetary bevel gears 402, three half-shaft bevel gears 401, and three output shafts 406. The input shaft 405 serves as the power input end. The third transmission input bevel gear 404 is fixedly mounted on the input shaft 405 and meshes with the side bevel gear 403. The side bevel gear 403 is fixedly connected to the planetary carrier 407, driving the planetary carrier 407 to rotate. The two planetary bevel gears 402 are rotatably mounted on the planetary carrier 407 via planetary shafts. The three half-shaft bevel gears 401 are respectively fixedly connected to the three output shafts 406 as power output ends. The two planetary bevel gears 402 simultaneously mesh with the three half-shaft bevel gears 401, distributing the power differential to the three output shafts 401 to achieve the adaptive leveling function of three-point support.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 3 In this specific embodiment, the central differential 400 adopts a bevel gear planetary differential structure, wherein two planetary bevel gears 402 are provided, symmetrically distributed radially along the planetary carrier 407. Each planetary bevel gear 402 is rotatably connected to the planetary carrier 407 via a planetary shaft, the planetary shaft being perpendicular to the plane of the planetary carrier 407. The planetary bevel gears 402 are straight bevel gears with a 45-degree bevel angle, simultaneously meshing with multiple half-shaft bevel gears 401. The side bevel gears 403 are fixed on the planetary carrier 407, forming a 90-degree transmission relationship with the third transmission input bevel gear 404, ensuring that the rotational torque of the input shaft 405 can be effectively transmitted to the planetary carrier 407. The central differential achieves adaptive adjustment of three-point support, automatically distributing adjustment force according to tilt changes in different directions. When uneven deformation occurs in the mountain, the central differential, through the meshing relationship between the planetary bevel gears and the half-shaft bevel gears, distributes the input torque to the three output shafts as needed, so that the support point with greater force receives a smaller adjustment range, and the support point with less force receives a larger adjustment range. This adaptive adjustment mechanism ensures stable support under complex terrain conditions and improves the adaptability of the monitoring equipment.

[0034] Specifically, the half-shaft bevel gear 401 is a 45° bevel angle spur bevel gear, and the central axes of the three half-shaft bevel gears 401 are located in the same plane and form an included angle of 120° with each other. The output shaft 406 can be mounted on the housing of the central differential 400 via bearings. The bearings can be angular contact ball bearings, capable of simultaneously bearing axial and radial loads to ensure smooth transmission. The output ends of the three output shafts 406 are all equipped with standard spline structures for reliable connection with the drive shaft.

[0035] For further details, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The gravity pendulum drive assembly further includes a pendulum rod 301, the upper end of which is connected to a constant velocity connection mechanism, and the lower end of which is connected to the pendulum bob 300. The pendulum bob 300 is typically a heavy object, and gravity keeps the pendulum rod 301 vertical. The constant velocity connection mechanism further includes a swing seat 302, a middle short shaft 305, a connecting plate, a mating connecting shaft 303, and an output connecting shaft 304. The swing seat 302 is connected to the upper end of the pendulum rod 301, and the middle short shaft 305 is rotatably connected to the swing seat via bearings. The two ends of the middle short shaft 305 are rotatably connected to one end of each of the two connecting plates via bearings, and the other ends of the two connecting plates are fixedly connected to the mating connecting shaft 303 and the output connecting shaft 304, respectively. The output connecting shaft 304 is used to output the driving force.

[0036] Specifically, the axis of the intermediate short shaft 305 forms a 30° angle with the axis of the mating connecting shaft 303. This 30° angle design allows the swing of the rocker arm 301 to be effectively converted into axial rotational force. The mating connecting shaft 303 and the output connecting shaft 304 are coaxially arranged and both are rotatably connected to the equipment mounting platform 100 via bearings.

[0037] Specifically, the swing seat 302 has a U-shaped structure, and its bottom is connected to the upper end of the swing rod 301 via a sliding pin, forming a hinged structure that can swing freely in the vertical plane. The two side walls of the swing seat 302 are provided with bearing mounting holes for connecting to the intermediate short shaft 305. The intermediate short shaft 305 passes through these bearings and is mounted on the swing seat 302. When the swing rod 301 changes angle relative to the equipment mounting platform 100, the swing seat 302 will drive the intermediate short shaft 305 to rotate around its axis, thereby converting the angle change of the swing rod 301 into the rotational motion of the intermediate short shaft 305.

[0038] For details, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5The constant velocity connection mechanism is connected to the power input end of the central differential 400 via two sets of bevel gear transmission mechanisms. One set of bevel gear transmission mechanisms is a first bevel gear transmission mechanism, including a first transmission input bevel gear 306 and a first transmission output bevel gear 307 that mesh with each other. The first transmission input bevel gear 306 is connected to the shaft end of the output connection shaft 304. The other set of bevel gear transmission mechanisms is a second bevel gear transmission mechanism, including a second transmission input bevel gear 308 and a second transmission output bevel gear 309 that mesh with each other. The second transmission input bevel gear 308 is coaxially connected to the first transmission output bevel gear 307, and the second transmission output bevel gear 309 is connected to the power input end of the central differential 400.

[0039] For further details, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 6 The upper end of the lifting screw 501 is connected to the equipment mounting platform 100 via a ball-head hinge structure. The ball-head hinge structure includes a ball head 600, a ball socket 601, and a locking ring. The ball head 600 is located at the upper end of the lifting screw 501, and the ball socket 601 is located at the bottom of the equipment mounting platform 100. The ball head 600 is housed within the ball socket 601, and the locking ring is installed on the outer periphery of the ball socket 601 to prevent the ball head from dislodging. Specifically, the ball head 600 and the upper end of the lifting screw 501 can be integrally formed. The surface of the ball head 600 is precision ground and chrome-plated to ensure flexible movement and wear resistance. The ball socket 601 is designed at the bottom support point of the equipment mounting platform 100, using a spherical bearing material to form a good fit with the ball head 600, allowing omnidirectional rotation within a range of ±15 degrees. The locking ring is installed on the outer periphery of the ball socket 601 via a threaded connection, and the preload can be adjusted to ensure hinge flexibility while preventing dislodgement. High-temperature grease is filled between the contact surfaces of the ball head 600 and the ball socket 601 to reduce friction and prevent corrosion. The combination of a three-point support structure and a ball-head hinge ensures the stability of the device on uneven terrain. Three-point support is the most geometrically stable support method, adaptable to uneven ground; the ball-head hinge allows for a certain degree of angular freedom between the support point and the equipment mounting platform, reducing stress concentration and extending the device's service life.

[0040] This specific embodiment also provides an automatic leveling method using the above-mentioned geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection, which specifically includes the following steps.

[0041] Step 1: Install the geological disaster monitoring device in the slope area to be monitored, and keep the device installation platform in a horizontal state initially.

[0042] Specifically, the entire device is installed in the slope area to be monitored, with the base 200 fixed to the ground, keeping the equipment installation platform 100 horizontal. At this time, the pendulum 300, under the action of gravity, causes the pendulum rod 301 to hang vertically downwards, and the three lifting screws 501 are hinged to the equipment installation platform 100 through the ball joint 600 to form a three-point support.

[0043] Step 2: When the base tilts with the terrain, the pendulum of the gravity pendulum drive assembly remains vertical under the action of gravity, generating an angular offset relative to the equipment mounting platform; driving the constant velocity connection structure to rotate and driving the central differential to differentially distribute power to each of the power output terminals.

[0044] Specifically, when the terrain changes and the base 200 tilts, the pendulum 300 remains vertical under gravity, causing the pendulum rod 301 to deflect at an angle relative to the tilted equipment mounting platform 100. This deflection first drives the swing seat 302. The swing seat 302 and the intermediate short shaft 305 are connected by a restrictive connection, meaning they are not freely omnidirectionally rotating, but rather a connection capable of transmitting torque, driving the intermediate short shaft 305 to move. Because the intermediate short shaft 305 is designed with a 30-degree angle between itself and the mating connecting shaft 303 at the rear end, this bent-shaft structure changes the direction of force transmission: it forcibly converts the lateral swing component of the pendulum rod 301 into the axial rotational motion of the mating connecting shaft 303. Through this purely mechanical structural conversion, gravitational potential energy is converted into the rotational driving torque required by the subsequent leveling mechanism.

[0045] Step 3: The power output end drives the support adjustment mechanism to adjust the level of the equipment installation platform.

[0046] Specifically, the rotational driving torque is transmitted to the input shaft 405 of the central differential 400, which drives the side bevel gear 403 to rotate via the third transmission input bevel gear 404. The side bevel gear 403 is fixedly connected to the planetary carrier 407, causing the planetary carrier 407 to rotate around the central axis. The rotation of the planetary carrier 407 drives the planetary bevel gear 402 to revolve, while the planetary bevel gear 402 meshes with the three half-shaft bevel gears 401, driving the half-shaft bevel gears 401 to rotate, thereby driving the three output shafts 406 to rotate.

[0047] When the terrain around a support point tilts more significantly, the reaction force at that support point increases, leading to increased rotational resistance on the corresponding output shaft 406. Based on the working principle of the central differential 400, it automatically reduces the rotational speed of the output shaft 406 experiencing increased stress, while simultaneously increasing the rotational speeds of the other two output shafts 406, achieving adaptive torque distribution. The design of the central differential 400 ensures balance adjustment capabilities under uneven terrain changes.

[0048] The three output shafts 406 of the central differential 400 drive the worm gears 503 in the corresponding support adjustment mechanisms to rotate via drive shafts. The worm gears 503 drive the internal threaded worm wheel 502 to rotate through meshing. Since the internal threaded worm wheel 502 is connected to the lifting screw 501 by a threaded engagement, and the lifting screw 501 is restricted to axial movement by the anti-rotation guide mechanism, the rotation of the internal threaded worm wheel 502 is converted into the axial linear motion of the lifting screw 501.

[0049] The three lifting screws 501 adjust their height to different degrees according to the different speeds allocated by the central differential 400, gradually restoring the equipment mounting platform 100 to a level state. Because the internal thread worm gear 502 and worm 503 mechanism have self-locking characteristics, once adjusted to the correct position, the lifting screws 501 will not move on their own even if there is external interference, ensuring the stability of the leveled state.

[0050] After the equipment installation platform is restored to a horizontal position, the geological disaster monitoring sensor system continues to perform normal data collection, including monitoring parameters such as tilt angle and displacement, to provide accurate data for geological disaster early warning.

[0051] It should be noted that the above steps form a closed-loop feedback system: when the mountain changes again, the device will automatically repeat the process from step two to step eight, continuously maintaining the horizontal state of the equipment installation platform without human intervention or external energy drive.

[0052] This invention operates entirely on mechanical principles, requiring no electric drive, making it highly adaptable and easy to maintain. Compared to traditional hydraulic or pneumatic automatic leveling systems, this device has a more compact structure, is unaffected by temperature and climate changes, and can maintain stable operation in harsh environments, meeting the long-term and continuous requirements of geological disaster monitoring. By combining a gravity pendulum drive assembly, a central differential, and an internal thread worm gear support adjustment mechanism, it creatively solves the problem of positional stability of geological disaster monitoring devices on sloping terrain, achieving automatic leveling of the equipment without external energy drive. Its reliable and long-term stable structure provides more reliable and accurate technical support for geological disaster monitoring.

[0053] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent modifications made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection, characterized in that, include: The equipment installation platform is used to support geological disaster monitoring sensors; The base is used for fixed connection with the ground; At least three sets of support and adjustment mechanisms are distributed and installed on the base to support the equipment mounting platform; A gravity pendulum drive assembly is disposed between the equipment mounting platform and the base, including a pendulum that swings freely relative to the base and a constant velocity connection mechanism, wherein the pendulum drives the constant velocity connection mechanism to output a driving force. A central differential, mounted on the base, includes a power input end and at least three power output ends for differential distribution. The constant velocity connection mechanism is driven to the power input end, and each power output end is driven to each of the support adjustment mechanisms to drive the support adjustment mechanisms to adjust the levelness of the equipment mounting platform.

2. The geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support adjustment mechanism includes a transmission box, a lifting screw, an internal threaded worm gear, a worm, and an anti-rotation guide mechanism. The transmission box is fixedly mounted on the base. The worm is installed inside the transmission box, and one end of the worm is connected to a power output end of the central differential. The internal threaded worm gear is disposed inside the transmission box and meshes with the worm. The lifting screw passes through the internal threaded worm gear, and the internal thread of the internal threaded worm gear and the external thread of the lifting screw form a threaded engagement. The anti-rotation guide mechanism is used to restrict the circumferential rotation of the lifting screw, so that the rotation of the internal threaded worm gear drives the lifting screw to rise and fall axially.

3. The geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central differential includes an input shaft, a third transmission input bevel gear, a side bevel gear, a planetary carrier, two planetary bevel gears, three half-shaft bevel gears, and three output shafts. The input shaft serves as the power input end. The third transmission input bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the input shaft and meshes with the side bevel gear. The side bevel gear is fixedly connected to the planetary carrier, driving the planetary carrier to rotate. The two planetary bevel gears are rotatably mounted on the planetary carrier via planetary shafts. The three half-shaft bevel gears are respectively fixedly connected to the three output shafts as power output ends. The two planetary bevel gears simultaneously mesh with the three half-shaft bevel gears, distributing the power differentially to the three output shafts.

4. The geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection according to claim 3, characterized in that, The half-shaft bevel gear is a 45° bevel angle straight bevel gear, and the central axes of the three half-shaft bevel gears are located in the same plane and form an angle of 120° with each other.

5. The geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gravity pendulum drive assembly also includes a pendulum rod, the upper end of which is connected to a constant velocity connection mechanism, and the lower end of which is connected to the pendulum hammer. The constant velocity connection mechanism also includes a pendulum seat, a middle short shaft, a connecting plate, a mating connecting shaft, and an output connecting shaft. The pendulum seat is connected to the upper end of the pendulum rod, and the middle short shaft is rotatably connected to the pendulum seat via bearings. The two ends of the middle short shaft are respectively rotatably connected to one end of two connecting plates via bearings, and the other ends of the two connecting plates are respectively fixedly connected to the mating connecting shaft and the output connecting shaft. The output connecting shaft is used to output the driving force.

6. The geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection according to claim 5, characterized in that, The axis of the intermediate short shaft forms a 30° angle with the axis of the mating connecting shaft. The mating connecting shaft and the output connecting shaft are coaxially arranged and are rotatably connected to the equipment mounting platform through bearings.

7. The geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection according to claim 5, characterized in that, The constant velocity connection mechanism is connected to the power input end of the central differential via two sets of bevel gear transmission mechanisms. One set of bevel gear transmission mechanisms is a first bevel gear transmission mechanism, including a first transmission input bevel gear and a first transmission output bevel gear that mesh with each other. The first transmission input bevel gear is connected to the shaft end of the output connection shaft. The other set of bevel gear transmission mechanisms is a second bevel gear transmission mechanism, including a second transmission input bevel gear and a second transmission output bevel gear that mesh with each other. The second transmission input bevel gear is coaxially connected to the first transmission output bevel gear, and the second transmission output bevel gear is connected to the power input end of the central differential.

8. The geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper end of the lifting screw is connected to the equipment mounting platform via a ball joint hinge structure. The ball joint hinge structure includes a ball head, a ball socket, and a locking ring. The ball head is located at the upper end of the lifting screw, the ball socket is located at the bottom of the equipment mounting platform, the ball head is accommodated in the ball socket, and the locking ring is installed on the outer periphery of the ball socket to prevent the ball head from coming out.

9. The geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transmission box is fixedly connected to the base via a flange, and the flange is fastened to the base with bolts.

10. An automatic leveling method using a geological disaster monitoring device based on slope detection as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Install the geological hazard monitoring device in the slope area to be monitored, and keep the device installation platform initially in a horizontal state; When the base tilts with the terrain, the pendulum of the gravity pendulum drive assembly remains vertical under the action of gravity, generating an angular offset relative to the equipment mounting platform. The pendulum drives the constant velocity connection structure to rotate and drives the central differential to distribute the power output to each of the power output terminals. The power output end drives the support adjustment mechanism to adjust the levelness of the equipment installation platform.

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