Tail gas treatment system and fuel cell

Abstract

The invention discloses a tail gas treatment system and a fuel cell. The tail gas treatment system comprises a blast part, a reaction part, an adjusting part and a concentration monitoring part, the blast part has an air supply end; the reaction part comprises a front reaction chamber and a rear reaction chamber, the front reaction chamber is connected with the air supply end and used for being connected with a tail discharge material of the power generation system, the front reaction chamber and the rear reaction chamber can promote the tail discharge material to have a chemical reaction, and the front reaction chamber is further connected with the rear reaction chamber and can convey a mixture obtained after reaction in the front reaction chamber to the rear reaction chamber; the adjusting part comprises two connecting pipes and two control valves, the two connecting pipes are connected with the rear reaction chamber and are respectively used for connecting a fuel storage tank and an oxygen storage tank, and the two control valves are respectively arranged on the two connecting pipes; the concentration monitoring part is arranged in the rear reaction chamber and is used for monitoring the component concentration of the mixture. According to the scheme, the tail gas exhausted by the fuel cell is prevented from containing hydrogen, the oxygen content in the exhausted tail gas is prevented from being higher than that in air, and the safety is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cells, and more specifically to an exhaust gas treatment system and a fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] A fuel cell is a chemical device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy. A hydrogen fuel cell typically consists of a hydrogen storage tank, a power generation system, and a tail gas treatment system. Because the power generation system's utilization rate of hydrogen is unlikely to reach 100%, a tail gas treatment system is needed to treat the hydrogen emitted from the power generation system's exhaust port before release, in order to eliminate safety hazards. Furthermore, when removing hydrogen, it is usually necessary to dilute it first to prevent it from reaching its explosive limits.

[0003] Publication number CN114744262B discloses a fuel cell exhaust gas treatment system and control method. The system connects the hydrogen inlet of the burner to the hydrogen exhaust pipe of the fuel cell stack (power generation system) via a first valve, and the air inlet of the burner to the air inlet pipe of the fuel cell stack via a second valve, allowing hydrogen exhaust from the fuel cell stack to enter the burner for combustion. This method dilutes the hydrogen by introducing air into the burner, preventing the hydrogen in the burner from reaching its explosive limits and thus stabilizing and eliminating the hydrogen, thereby resolving the potential explosion risk caused by direct hydrogen exhaust from the fuel cell.

[0004] However, hydrogen fuel cells with high power requirements or used in special environments are usually equipped with oxygen storage tanks to generate electricity using the high concentration of oxygen and hydrogen in the tank, rather than using oxygen from the air. This results in the exhaust gas from the power generation system containing both hydrogen and oxygen. Therefore, for high-power hydrogen fuel cells, when using the exhaust gas treatment system described in the aforementioned patent to treat the exhaust gas, only the hydrogen in the exhaust is stably consumed, but no excessive oxygen is consumed. This can easily lead to the oxygen content in the exhaust gas being higher than the oxygen content in the air, resulting in oxygen enrichment, which still poses a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose an exhaust gas treatment system and fuel cell to solve the technical problem that, in the prior art, when using the exhaust gas treatment system to treat the exhaust gas of hydrogen fuel cells with high power requirements, only the hydrogen in the exhaust gas is stably consumed, but the excess oxygen is not consumed. This can easily lead to the oxygen content in the exhaust gas being higher than the oxygen content in the air, resulting in oxygen enrichment and still posing a safety hazard.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an exhaust gas treatment system, comprising: The blower section has an air supply end; The reaction section includes a front reaction chamber and a rear reaction chamber. The front reaction chamber is connected to the air supply end and is used to receive the tail material of the power generation system. Both the front reaction chamber and the rear reaction chamber can promote the tail material to undergo a chemical reaction. The front reaction chamber is also connected to the rear reaction chamber and can transport the mixture after the reaction to the rear reaction chamber. The regulating unit includes two connecting pipes and two control valves. Both connecting pipes are connected to the rear reaction chamber and are respectively used to connect to the fuel storage tank and the oxygen storage tank. The two control valves are respectively located on the two connecting pipes. A concentration monitoring unit, located in the post-reaction chamber, is used to monitor the component concentrations of the mixture.

[0007] In some embodiments, the post-reaction chamber includes a mixing chamber and a processing chamber, the pre-reaction chamber, the mixing chamber, and the processing chamber are connected in sequence, and the concentration monitoring unit is located in the mixing chamber; The mixing chamber is connected to two connecting pipes, and the materials inside are mixed and then transported to the processing chamber, which is used to catalyze a chemical reaction in the materials transported in the mixing chamber.

[0008] In some embodiments, the post-reaction chamber further includes a heat exchanger and a post-dehydration unit. The heat exchanger's hot runner inlet is connected to the exhaust end of the processing chamber, and its hot runner outlet is connected to the post-dehydration unit. The post-dehydration unit is used to dry the gas and discharge the dried gas.

[0009] In some embodiments, the reaction section further includes an intermediate dehydration unit, wherein the front reaction chamber, the dehydration channel of the intermediate dehydration unit, and the rear reaction chamber are connected in sequence; and / or, The reaction section also includes two tail discharge material pipes and two pre-dehydration units. Both tail discharge material pipes are connected to the pre-reaction chamber and are respectively used to connect to the fuel tail discharge port and oxygen tail discharge port of the power generation system. The two pre-dehydration units are respectively located on the two tail discharge material pipes.

[0010] In some embodiments, the control valve sequentially includes a mass flow controller, a pressure reducing valve, and a solenoid valve along the direction away from the post-reaction chamber.

[0011] In some embodiments, the regulating unit includes two raw material flame arresters, which are respectively disposed on the two connecting pipes, and each raw material flame arrester is located between the post-reaction chamber and the adjacent control valve.

[0012] In some embodiments, the reaction section further includes two cooling units, which are respectively disposed in the front reaction chamber and the rear reaction chamber, for cooling the front reaction chamber and the rear reaction chamber; and / or, The reaction section includes two temperature sensors, which are respectively located in the front reaction chamber and the rear reaction chamber, for monitoring the temperature in the front reaction chamber and the rear reaction chamber.

[0013] In some embodiments, the pre-reaction chamber includes a reaction vessel, an electric heating structure, and a catalytic bed. The reaction vessel is connected to the air supply end and is used to receive the tail discharge material of the power generation system. It is also connected to the post-reaction chamber and can transport the mixture after reaction inside the post-reaction chamber to the post-reaction chamber. The electric heating structure and the catalytic bed are disposed inside the reaction vessel.

[0014] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a fuel cell comprising: Storage tanks, including fuel storage tanks and oxygen storage tanks; A power generation system having a raw material inlet connecting the fuel storage tank and the oxygen storage tank, and having a fuel exhaust port and an oxygen exhaust port; and In any of the above-described exhaust gas treatment systems, the pre-reaction chamber is connected to the fuel exhaust port and the oxygen exhaust port, and the two connecting pipes are respectively connected to the fuel storage tank and the oxygen storage tank.

[0015] In some embodiments, the fuel cell further includes a protective cover, which is disposed outside the power generation system and forms an accommodating space between the protective cover and the power generation system, the accommodating space communicating with the interior of the front reaction chamber; The air supply end is connected to the protective cover and communicates with the accommodating space, and is also connected to the pre-reaction chamber via the accommodating space.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, in the exhaust gas treatment system provided by the present invention, the hydrogen and oxygen discharged from the power generation system directly enter the pre-reaction chamber, and at the same time the blower also blows the external gas into the pre-reaction chamber, so as to avoid the hydrogen concentration in the pre-reaction chamber being too high, thereby effectively preventing the hydrogen from exceeding the safe concentration range. This allows the hydrogen and oxygen discharged from the power generation system to undergo stable treatment in the pre-reaction chamber first, thus avoiding an explosion.

[0017] The mixture after primary processing is then transported to the secondary reaction chamber. The concentration monitoring unit monitors the concentration of residual hydrogen and oxygen in the reaction chamber in real time. Based on the chemical amount of the hydrogen-oxygen reaction and the monitored concentration of each component, the opening of two control valves is adjusted so that the fuel tank and oxygen tank replenish the corresponding components to the secondary reaction chamber. This ensures that the hydrogen and excess oxygen can react completely. In other words, the hydrogen and excess oxygen are completely consumed during the secondary processing in the secondary reaction chamber before being discharged as exhaust gas. This prevents the exhaust gas from containing hydrogen and avoids the oxygen content in the exhaust gas from being higher than the oxygen content in the air, thus improving safety. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the intermediate reaction section; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the intermediate and post-reaction chamber; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the central blower section, the power generation system, and the front reaction chamber.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Blower section; 11. Blower; 12. Air supply duct; 13. Pressure sensor; 14. Ejector; 2. Reaction section; 21. Front reaction chamber; 22. Rear reaction chamber; 221. Mixing chamber; 222. Processing chamber; 223. Heat exchanger; 224. Post-dehydration unit; 225. Post-gas-liquid separator; 226. Dryer; 227. Liquid level switch; 23. Intermediate dehydration unit; 231. Intermediate gas-liquid separator; 24. Tail discharge material pipe; 241. Tail discharge flame arrester; 25. Front dehydration unit 251. Front gas-liquid separator; 26. Cooling unit; 261. Cooling water circulation pipeline; 262. Electronic thermostat; 27. Temperature sensor; 28. Water tank; 3. Adjustment unit; 31. Connecting pipe; 32. Control valve; 321. Mass flow controller; 322. Pressure reducing valve; 323. Solenoid valve; 33. Raw material flame arrester; 4. Concentration monitoring unit; 41. Oxygen concentration sensor; 42. Hydrogen concentration sensor; 5. Power generation system; 6. Fuel storage tank; 7. Oxygen storage tank; 8. Protective cover. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] To address the technical problem in existing hydrogen fuel cells with high power requirements, where the exhaust gas treatment system only stably consumes hydrogen in the exhaust gas but does not consume excess oxygen, potentially leading to oxygen contamination in the exhaust gas and posing a safety hazard, this invention provides an exhaust gas treatment system that ensures complete reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. This system allows for the complete consumption of hydrogen and oxygen during secondary treatment in the post-reaction chamber before exhaust gas is discharged, preventing the fuel cell exhaust gas from containing hydrogen and ensuring that the oxygen content in the exhaust gas does not exceed the oxygen content in the air, thus improving safety.

[0022] It should be noted that the exhaust gas treatment system described in this invention is used in, but not limited to, fuel cells, etc. For ease of explanation, this invention only uses the application of the exhaust gas treatment system to fuel cells as an example for explanation. The principle of the exhaust gas treatment system applied to other types of equipment is essentially the same as that applied to fuel cells, and will not be described in detail here.

[0023] It should be understood that for fuel cells containing oxygen storage tanks, the concentrations of hydrogen exhaust gas on the anode side and oxygen exhaust gas on the cathode side are extremely high, almost at fuel concentrations. The explosive limits of hydrogen in air are 4%-75%, and in oxygen, they are 4%-94%. Oxygen itself is an oxidizer; in a high-concentration oxygen environment, if flammable materials are present, there is a risk of combustion and explosion upon contact with an ignition source. Furthermore, a high-concentration oxygen environment can lead to oxygen poisoning and respiratory depression in humans, endangering human health. The accumulation of hydrogen or oxygen in enclosed or confined environments poses a significant safety hazard. Therefore, eliminating hydrogen and oxygen from the exhaust gas of fuel cells containing oxygen storage tanks is absolutely essential.

[0024] Please see Figures 1 to 3 , Figures 1 to 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell in one embodiment of the present invention. The exhaust gas treatment system includes a blower section 1, a reaction section 2, a regulating section 3, and a concentration monitoring section 4. The blower section 1 has an air supply end. The reaction section 2 includes a front reaction chamber 21 and a rear reaction chamber 22. The front reaction chamber 21 is connected to the air supply end and is used to receive the exhaust material from the power generation system 5. Both the front reaction chamber 21 and the rear reaction chamber 22 can promote a chemical reaction between the exhaust material and the exhaust material. The front reaction chamber 21 is also connected to the rear reaction chamber 22 and can transport the mixture after reaction to the rear reaction chamber 22. The regulating section 3 includes two connecting pipes 31 and two control valves 32. Both connecting pipes 31 are connected to the rear reaction chamber 22 and are used to connect the fuel storage tank 6 and the oxygen storage tank 7, respectively. The two control valves 32 are respectively located on the two connecting pipes 31. The concentration monitoring section 4 is located in the rear reaction chamber 22 and is used to monitor the component concentration of the mixture.

[0025] In the exhaust gas treatment system provided by the present invention, the hydrogen and oxygen discharged by the power generation system 5 directly enter the pre-reaction chamber 21, and at the same time, the blower 1 also blows the external gas into the pre-reaction chamber 21 to avoid the hydrogen concentration in the pre-reaction chamber 21 being too high, thereby effectively preventing the hydrogen from exceeding the safe concentration range. This allows the hydrogen and oxygen discharged by the power generation system 5 to undergo stable treatment in the pre-reaction chamber 21 first, thus avoiding an explosion.

[0026] The mixture after primary processing is then transported to the secondary reaction chamber 22. The concentration monitoring unit 4 monitors the concentration of residual hydrogen and oxygen in the reaction chamber in real time, and adjusts the opening of the two control valves 32 according to the chemical amount of hydrogen-oxygen reaction and the monitored concentration of each component. This allows the fuel storage tank 6 and oxygen storage tank 7 to replenish the corresponding components into the secondary reaction chamber 22, ensuring that the hydrogen and excess oxygen can react completely. In other words, the hydrogen and excess oxygen are completely consumed during the secondary processing in the secondary reaction chamber 22 before being discharged as exhaust gas. This avoids the presence of hydrogen in the exhaust gas from the fuel cell and prevents the oxygen content in the exhaust gas from being higher than the oxygen content in the air, thus improving safety.

[0027] For ease of description, the connecting pipe 31 connecting to the fuel storage tank 6 is defined as the hydrogen supply pipe, and the control valve 32 on it is defined as the hydrogen supply valve; the connecting pipe 31 connecting to the oxygen storage tank 7 is defined as the oxygen supply pipe, and the control valve 32 on it is defined as the oxygen supply valve.

[0028] Therefore, when the exhaust gas discharged from the power generation system 5 has a calculated surplus of oxygen for reaction, adjusting the hydrogen supply valve allows a preset amount of hydrogen to enter the downstream reaction chamber 22 through the hydrogen supply pipe, ensuring that the hydrogen-oxygen concentration in the downstream reaction chamber 22 reaches the set ratio. Similarly, when the exhaust gas has a calculated surplus of hydrogen for reaction, adjusting the oxygen supply valve allows a preset amount of hydrogen to enter the downstream reaction chamber 22 through the oxygen supply pipe, ensuring that the hydrogen-oxygen concentration in the downstream reaction chamber 22 reaches the set ratio.

[0029] Thus, after the exhaust gas undergoes the above treatment, it enters the post-reaction chamber 22, allowing the hydrogen and excess oxygen to reach a ratio that allows for complete reaction. This ensures that the final exhaust gas contains zero hydrogen and the oxygen content is the same as the normal oxygen content in the system environment.

[0030] It should be noted that the blower section 1 can be configured as a blower, a blower box, or a blower 11. Specifically, in this embodiment, the blower section 1 is configured as a blower 11. Hydrogen is stored in the fuel storage tank 6.

[0031] Furthermore, it should be understood that the concentration monitoring unit 4 should be able to monitor at least the concentrations of oxygen and hydrogen, and the concentration monitoring unit 4 can be configured as an independent concentration sensor or as a multi-functional concentration sensor. Specifically, in this embodiment, the concentration monitoring unit 4 includes an oxygen concentration sensor 41 and a hydrogen concentration sensor 42, the specific structure and principle of which are prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0032] In one embodiment, the post-reaction chamber 22 includes a mixing chamber 221 and a processing chamber 222. The pre-reaction chamber 21, the mixing chamber 221 and the processing chamber 222 are connected in sequence. The concentration monitoring unit 4 is located in the mixing chamber 221. The mixing chamber 221 is connected to two connecting pipes 31, and the materials inside are mixed and then transported to the processing chamber 222. The processing chamber 222 is used to catalyze the chemical reaction of the materials transported in the mixing chamber 221.

[0033] In this embodiment, the pre-reaction chamber 21 and the treatment chamber 222 serve as spaces for the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, with a mixing chamber 221 positioned between them. This allows the exhaust gas after one treatment to be mixed to a fully reactive ratio in the mixing chamber 221 before being transported to the treatment chamber 222. This ensures that the pre-reaction chamber 21 and the treatment chamber 222 can operate continuously, enabling the exhaust gas system to continuously process exhaust gas and improve exhaust gas purification efficiency.

[0034] In one embodiment, the post-reaction chamber 22 further includes a heat exchanger 223 and a post-dehydration unit 224. The hot runner inlet of the heat exchanger 223 is connected to the exhaust end of the processing chamber 222, and its hot runner outlet is connected to the post-dehydration unit 224. The post-dehydration unit 224 is used to dry the gas and discharge the dried gas.

[0035] In this embodiment, the exhaust gas after the secondary reaction is first cooled by heat exchanger 223, and then dehydrated by post-dehydration unit 224 before being discharged, thus improving safety. It should be noted that post-dehydration unit 224 can be absorbent cotton, absorbent resin, or a gas-liquid separator, etc.

[0036] Specifically, in this embodiment, the post-dehydration unit 224 is configured as a post-gas-liquid separator 225 and a dryer 226, so that water can be collected and utilized while draining. In this embodiment, a water tank 28 is connected to the drain outlet of the post-gas-liquid separator 225 to collect the water separated by the post-gas-liquid separator 225.

[0037] In addition, in this scheme, the cold side of heat exchanger 223 is the cooling circulating water of the fuel cell.

[0038] In one embodiment, the reaction section 2 further includes an intermediate dehydration unit 23, and the front reaction chamber 21, the dehydration channel of the intermediate dehydration unit 23 and the rear reaction chamber 22 are connected in sequence; the reaction section 2 also includes two tail discharge material pipes 24 and two front dehydration units 25, both tail discharge material pipes 24 are connected to the front reaction chamber 21, and are respectively used to connect the fuel tail discharge port and the oxygen tail discharge port of the power generation system 5, and the two front dehydration units 25 are respectively located on the two tail discharge material pipes 24.

[0039] In this embodiment, the moisture in the exhaust gas entering the mixing chamber 221 can be removed by the intermediate dehydration unit, thereby improving the reaction efficiency in the treatment chamber 222. Similarly, a pre-dehydration unit 25 is provided at the front end of the pre-reaction chamber 21 corresponding to the two exhaust ports of the power generation system 5 to remove moisture in the exhaust of the power generation system 5 and improve the reaction efficiency in the pre-reaction chamber 21.

[0040] It should be noted that the front dehydration unit 25 and the intermediate dehydration unit 23 can also be configured as absorbent cotton, absorbent resin, or gas-liquid separators, respectively. Specifically, in this embodiment, the front dehydration unit 25 is configured as a front gas-liquid separator 251, and the intermediate dehydration unit 23 is configured as an intermediate gas-liquid separator 231. The drain outlets of the front gas-liquid separator 251 and the intermediate gas-liquid separator 231 are connected to a water tank 28 for recycling.

[0041] In addition, the mixing chamber 221 is also connected to the water tank 28 via a pipeline to recover the condensate in the mixing chamber 221, and a level switch 227 valve is installed on the pipeline between the mixing chamber 221 and the water tank 28. Furthermore, tail-out flame arresters 241 are respectively installed on the two tail-out material pipes 24. It should be understood that the structure of the flame arrester should be related to the gas being transported in the corresponding pipeline; its specific structure and principle are existing technology and will not be elaborated here.

[0042] In one embodiment, the control valve 32 includes, in sequence, a mass flow controller 321, a pressure reducing valve 322, and a solenoid valve 323 in a direction away from the rear reaction chamber 22. The regulating unit 3 includes two raw material flame arresters 33, which are respectively disposed on two connecting pipes 31, and each raw material flame arrester 33 is located between the rear reaction chamber 22 and the adjacent control valve 32.

[0043] In this embodiment, taking hydrogen transportation via a hydrogen pipeline as an example, when hydrogen needs to be added to the mixing chamber 221 via the hydrogen pipeline, the solenoid valve 323 on the hydrogen pipeline is opened first. The hydrogen in the fuel storage tank 6 is first sent to the pressure reducing valve 322 via the solenoid valve 323. After being reduced to the set pressure by the pressure reducing valve 322, a certain amount of hydrogen is added through the mass flow controller 321. After passing through the raw material flame arrester 33, it goes to the mixing chamber. This can ensure that the hydrogen and oxygen concentration in the mixing chamber 221 reaches the set concentration and ensure safety.

[0044] In one embodiment, the reaction unit 2 further includes two cooling units 26, which are respectively disposed in the front reaction chamber 21 and the rear reaction chamber 22, for cooling the front reaction chamber 21 and the rear reaction chamber 22; the reaction unit 2 includes two temperature sensors 27, which are respectively disposed in the front reaction chamber 21 and the rear reaction chamber 22, for monitoring the temperature in the front reaction chamber 21 and the rear reaction chamber 22.

[0045] In this embodiment, the cooling unit 26 of the rear reaction chamber 22 is located in the processing chamber 222. Thus, the temperature of the front reaction chamber 21 and the processing chamber 222 is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 27, and the temperature of the front reaction chamber 21 and the processing chamber 222 is adjusted by the cooling unit 26 to ensure that the temperature in the front reaction chamber 21 and the processing chamber 222 is at the optimal and safest temperature, so that the reaction can proceed safely and efficiently.

[0046] It should be noted that the cooling unit 26 can be configured as a refrigerator, an air-cooled device, or a cooling water circulation pipeline. Specifically, in this solution, the cooling unit 26 is configured as a cooling water circulation pipeline 261, which is connected to the cooling water circulation of the fuel cell and is equipped with an electronic thermostat 262. By adjusting the opening of the electronic thermostat 262, the flow rate of cooling water through the reaction chamber is controlled, ensuring that the temperature inside the reaction chamber is at the optimal and safest temperature for the reaction, thus enabling the reaction to proceed safely and efficiently.

[0047] It should be noted that, in one embodiment, the processing chamber 222 of the front reaction chamber 21 and the rear reaction chamber 22 is heated to its ignition point to allow hydrogen and oxygen to directly combust and undergo a chemical reaction. In another embodiment, a catalyst is used to heat the mixture to below its ignition point to allow the chemical reaction to occur.

[0048] In another embodiment, the front reaction chamber 21 includes a reaction tank, an electric heating structure, and a catalytic bed. The reaction tank is connected to the air supply end and is used to receive the tail material of the power generation system 5. It is also connected to the rear reaction chamber 22 and can transport the mixture after reaction inside the tank to the rear reaction chamber 22. The electric heating structure and the catalytic bed are located inside the reaction tank.

[0049] In this embodiment, the catalytic bed of the pre-reaction chamber 21 uses a palladium / platinum catalyst bed, which triggers the hydrogen-oxygen reaction at 150–330°C to achieve a low-temperature stable reaction and improve safety. Its structure is similar to that of a hydrogen eliminater. It should be understood that the structure of the processing chamber 222 is the same as that of the pre-reaction chamber 21.

[0050] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a fuel cell, which includes a storage tank, a power generation system 5, and a tail gas treatment system as described above. The storage tank includes a fuel storage tank 6 and an oxygen storage tank 7; the power generation system 5 has a feed inlet end connecting the fuel storage tank 6 and the oxygen storage tank 7, and has a fuel tail outlet and an oxygen tail outlet; wherein, the front reaction chamber 21 is connected to the fuel tail outlet and the oxygen tail outlet, and two connecting pipes 31 are respectively connected to the fuel storage tank 6 and the oxygen storage tank 7.

[0051] It should be noted that the detailed structure of the exhaust gas treatment system of the fuel cell can be referred to the above-described embodiments of the exhaust gas treatment system, and will not be repeated here. Since the above-described exhaust gas treatment system is used in the fuel cell of the present invention, the embodiments of the fuel cell of the present invention include all the technical solutions of all embodiments of the above-described exhaust gas treatment system, and the technical effects achieved are exactly the same, and will not be repeated here.

[0052] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 The fuel cell also includes a protective cover 8, which covers the power generation system 5 and forms a housing space between the protective cover 8 and the power generation system 5. The housing space is connected to the interior of the front reaction chamber 21. The air supply end is connected to the protective cover 8 and is connected to the housing space, and is connected to the front reaction chamber 21 through the housing space.

[0053] In this embodiment, the blower 11 blows air into the protective cover 8 outside the power generation system 5 to provide protective gas for the power generation system 5. This can reduce the temperature inside the protective cover 8 and prevent hydrogen from leaking from the power generation system 5 and accumulating inside the protective cover 8.

[0054] It should be noted that the air supply end is connected to the protective cover 8 and the front reaction chamber 21 in sequence via the air supply pipe 12, and a pressure sensor 13 is provided on the air supply pipe 12. The pressure sensor 13 can monitor the working status of the blower 11 to ensure that sufficient air enters the front reaction chamber 21 and avoid the hydrogen concentration in the front reaction chamber 21 from being too high and exceeding the safe concentration range of hydrogen.

[0055] Furthermore, specifically in this design, the air supply duct 12 is connected to the tail exhaust material duct 24, which transports tail exhaust oxygen, at the rear end of the protective cover 8, and is connected to the front reaction chamber 21 via the tail exhaust material duct 24, with an ejector 14 positioned between the two ducts. The ejector 14 is located at the rear end of the adjacent front gas-liquid separator 251.

[0056] Thus, during the operation of the fuel cell power generation system 5, the blower 11 directly draws air from the system environment into the protective cover 8 through the protective gas inlet, and then into the ejector 14 through the protective gas outlet. The exhaust oxygen passes through the corresponding front gas-liquid separator 251 and then through the ejector 14. The large flow of air ejects the exhaust oxygen through the exhaust flame arrester 241 and then into the front reaction chamber 21.

[0057] To better understand this invention, the following is combined with... Figures 1 to 4 The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below: The workflow of this solution is as follows: During operation, the hydrogen exhaust generated by the fuel cell power generation system 5 enters the front reaction chamber 21 after passing through the corresponding pre-gas-liquid separator 251 and exhaust flame arrester 241. Simultaneously, during operation, the blower 11 directly draws air from the system environment through the protective cover 8 outside the power generation system 5, into the protective cover 8 via the protective gas inlet, and then into the ejector 14 via the protective gas outlet. The exhaust oxygen, after passing through the corresponding pre-gas-liquid separator 251 and the ejector 14, is propelled by a large flow of air through the exhaust flame arrester 241 and enters the front reaction chamber 21. The exhaust hydrogen and oxygen entering the front reaction chamber 21 undergo a catalytic reaction, providing primary treatment for the exhaust gas.

[0058] It should be noted that the blower 11 blows air into the protective cover 8 to provide protective gas for the power generation system 5, which can reduce the temperature inside the protective cover 8 and prevent hydrogen from leaking from the module and accumulating inside the protective cover 8. The pressure sensor 13 can monitor the working status of the blower 11 to ensure that sufficient air enters the front reaction chamber 21 and avoid the hydrogen concentration in the front reaction chamber 21 from being too high and exceeding the safe concentration range of hydrogen.

[0059] The temperature sensor 27 on the front reaction chamber 21 can monitor the reaction temperature inside. By adjusting the opening of the electronic thermostat 262 on the corresponding cooling water circulation pipe 261, the water flow rate through the front reaction chamber 21 can be controlled, ensuring that the temperature inside the front reaction chamber 21 is at the optimal and safest temperature for the catalytic reaction, so that the catalytic reaction can proceed safely and efficiently.

[0060] After the exhaust gas has undergone primary treatment, it passes through the intermediate gas-liquid separator 231 and then enters the mixing chamber 221. The hydrogen concentration sensor 42 and oxygen concentration sensor 41 installed on the mixing chamber 221 detect the concentration of hydrogen and oxygen in the exhaust gas, with the final exhaust gas having the oxygen content of air as the set value.

[0061] Based on the chemical quantities of the hydrogen-oxygen catalytic reaction, when the concentration of hydrogen or oxygen in the exhaust gas does not meet the chemical quantities required for the reaction, the mass flow controller 321 can be controlled through a set calculation program to supplement the corresponding amount of hydrogen or oxygen.

[0062] For example, when there is a surplus of oxygen in the exhaust gas after calculation, the hydrogen supply solenoid valve 323 is opened, and the hydrogen is then reduced to the set pressure by the corresponding pressure reducing valve 322. After that, a certain amount of hydrogen is added by the corresponding mass flow controller 321, and then passes through the corresponding raw material flame arrester 33 before entering the mixing chamber 221. This ensures that the hydrogen and oxygen concentration in the mixing chamber 221 reaches the set concentration, and the exhaust gas in the mixing chamber 221 then enters the treatment chamber 222.

[0063] Similarly, when there is a surplus of hydrogen in the exhaust gas after calculation, the oxygen supply solenoid valve 323 is opened, and the oxygen is reduced to the set pressure through the corresponding pressure reducing valve 322. Then, a certain amount of oxygen is added through the oxygen mass flow controller 321, and finally through the raw material flame arrester 33 to the mixing chamber 221. This ensures that the hydrogen and oxygen concentration in the mixing chamber 221 reaches the set concentration, and the exhaust gas in the mixing chamber 221 then enters the treatment chamber 222.

[0064] After undergoing the aforementioned secondary treatment, the exhaust gas enters the treatment chamber 222 for a complete reaction, ensuring that the final exhaust gas contains zero hydrogen and the oxygen content is at the normal level of the system environment. The temperature sensor 27 on the treatment chamber 222 monitors the reaction temperature. By adjusting the opening of the electronic thermostat 262 on the cooling water circulation pipe 261 of the treatment chamber 222, the water flow rate through the treatment chamber 222 is controlled, ensuring that the temperature inside the treatment chamber 222 is at the optimal and safest temperature for the catalytic reaction, allowing the catalytic reaction to proceed safely and efficiently.

[0065] After secondary treatment, the exhaust gas is cooled to normal ambient temperature by heat exchanger 223, then separated into gas and liquid by gas-liquid separator 225, and finally processed by dryer 226. The exhaust gas then becomes normal air and is discharged back into the system environment safely and stably, without any impact on equipment or personnel.

[0066] It should be noted that the cold side of the heat exchanger 223 is connected to the cooling circulating water of the fuel cell, and the generated water separated by all the gas-liquid separators enters the water tank 28 through the pipeline. The condensate in the mixing chamber 221 enters the water tank 28 through the level switch valve 227.

[0067] Furthermore, it should be understood that fuel cell systems strive to minimize exhaust emissions to improve hydrogen and oxygen utilization and overall system efficiency. In one example, using a 30kW fuel cell, hydrogen exhaust emissions are limited to no more than 5 SL / min, and oxygen exhaust emissions to no more than 2.5 SL / min. Therefore, the pre-reaction chamber 21 and treatment chamber 222 are designed to meet these elimination requirements. The fuel cell discharges exhaust gas into the exhaust gas treatment system according to operating conditions. The blower 11 is constantly on, continuously supplying air from the system environment to the pre-reaction chamber 21. Hydrogen and oxygen concentration sensors are used at the exhaust gas emission points throughout the fuel cell to detect hydrogen and oxygen concentrations and measure the exhaust gas elimination effect under different operating conditions. The test results are shown in the table below.

[0068] The results in the table show that, under the design flow rate, the exhaust gas composition does not contain hydrogen, the catalytic combustion efficiency is 100%, hydrogen is completely eliminated, and the oxygen content in the exhaust gas is at the standard atmospheric oxygen content, effectively eliminating excess oxygen and with no additional oxygen emissions. This indicates that the system can safely and efficiently handle the exhaust gas emission problem of fuel cells and is technically feasible.

[0069] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An exhaust gas treatment system, characterized in that, include: The blower section has an air supply end; The reaction section includes a front reaction chamber and a rear reaction chamber. The front reaction chamber is connected to the air supply end and is used to receive the tail material of the power generation system. Both the front reaction chamber and the rear reaction chamber can promote the tail material to undergo a chemical reaction. The front reaction chamber is also connected to the rear reaction chamber and can transport the mixture after the reaction to the rear reaction chamber. The regulating unit includes two connecting pipes and two control valves. Both connecting pipes are connected to the rear reaction chamber and are respectively used to connect to the fuel storage tank and the oxygen storage tank. The two control valves are respectively located on the two connecting pipes. A concentration monitoring unit, located in the post-reaction chamber, is used to monitor the component concentrations of the mixture.

2. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The post-reaction chamber includes a mixing chamber and a processing chamber. The pre-reaction chamber, the mixing chamber, and the processing chamber are connected in sequence. The concentration monitoring unit is located in the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber is connected to two connecting pipes, and the materials inside are mixed and then transported to the processing chamber, which is used to catalyze a chemical reaction in the materials transported in the mixing chamber.

3. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The post-reaction chamber also includes a heat exchanger and a post-dehydration unit. The hot runner inlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the exhaust end of the processing chamber, and its hot runner outlet is connected to the post-dehydration unit. The post-dehydration unit is used to dry the gas and discharge the dried gas.

4. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction section further includes an intermediate dehydration unit, wherein the front reaction chamber, the dehydration channel of the intermediate dehydration unit, and the rear reaction chamber are connected in sequence; and / or, The reaction section also includes two tail discharge material pipes and two pre-dehydration units. Both tail discharge material pipes are connected to the pre-reaction chamber and are respectively used to connect to the fuel tail discharge port and oxygen tail discharge port of the power generation system. The two pre-dehydration units are respectively located on the two tail discharge material pipes.

5. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control valve, along the direction away from the rear reaction chamber, includes a mass flow controller, a pressure reducing valve, and a solenoid valve in sequence.

6. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulating unit includes two raw material flame arresters, which are respectively installed on the two connecting pipes. Each raw material flame arrester is located between the rear reaction chamber and the adjacent control valve.

7. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction section further includes two cooling units, which are respectively located in the front reaction chamber and the rear reaction chamber, for cooling the front reaction chamber and the rear reaction chamber; and / or, The reaction section includes two temperature sensors, which are respectively located in the front reaction chamber and the rear reaction chamber, for monitoring the temperature in the front reaction chamber and the rear reaction chamber.

8. The exhaust gas treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-reaction chamber includes a reaction tank, an electric heating structure, and a catalytic bed. The reaction tank is connected to the air supply end and is used to receive the tail discharge material of the power generation system. It is also connected to the post-reaction chamber and can transport the mixture after reaction in the tank to the post-reaction chamber. The electric heating structure and the catalytic bed are located inside the reaction tank.

9. A fuel cell, characterized in that, include: Storage tanks, including fuel storage tanks and oxygen storage tanks; The power generation system has a raw material inlet end connecting the fuel storage tank and the oxygen storage tank, and has a fuel tail outlet and an oxygen tail outlet; and The exhaust gas treatment system according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the pre-reaction chamber is connected to the fuel exhaust port and the oxygen exhaust port, and the two connecting pipes are respectively connected to the fuel storage tank and the oxygen storage tank.

10. The fuel cell according to claim 9, characterized in that, The fuel cell also includes a protective cover, which is disposed outside the power generation system and forms an accommodating space between the protective cover and the power generation system, the accommodating space being connected to the interior of the front reaction chamber; The air supply end is connected to the protective cover and communicates with the accommodating space, and is also connected to the pre-reaction chamber via the accommodating space.

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