Common-aperture antenna and antenna system
By employing multiple radiating patches and frequency selective layers in a common-aperture antenna, and utilizing isolation pillars to achieve isolation of electromagnetic beams of different frequencies, the interference problem between high-frequency and low-frequency radiating elements is solved, thereby improving the antenna's isolation and communication performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
In a common-aperture antenna, the small spacing between the high-frequency and low-frequency radiating elements makes them prone to mutual interference, affecting the reflection coefficient and radiation pattern, and leading to a decrease in communication performance.
The radiator is composed of multiple radiating patches. Combined with the design of a frequency selective layer and isolation pillars, electromagnetic beam isolation is achieved through holes and isolation pillars of different frequencies, thus avoiding spatial coupling.
This improved the isolation of the common-aperture antenna, ensuring the reflection coefficient and radiation pattern, and enhancing communication performance.
Smart Images
Figure CN121663188A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a common aperture antenna and antenna system. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of satellite communications, space is generally limited on platforms such as aircraft and satellites. Therefore, antennas used on these platforms must have a compact size and low profile design, as well as superior communication performance.
[0003] In related technologies, common-aperture antennas are characterized by their compact structure and low profile. Furthermore, common-aperture technology facilitates the construction of multi-band antennas to control transmitted and received signals, thereby providing stable and reliable communication services. However, in common-aperture antennas, the spacing between high-frequency and low-frequency radiating elements is very small, making them prone to mutual interference. This affects the antenna's reflection coefficient and radiation pattern, and also impacts its transmission and reception performance.
[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a common aperture antenna and antenna system that can effectively improve the isolation of the common aperture antenna.
[0006] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a common-aperture antenna is provided, comprising:
[0007] First dielectric substrate;
[0008] A grounded metal layer is located on the first side of the first dielectric substrate;
[0009] Multiple radiating patches are located on the second side of the first dielectric substrate, and include multiple first patches and multiple second patches. The first patches and the second patches operate at different frequencies. The multiple first patches are arranged in an array, and the second patches and the first patches are alternately distributed in the row and column directions.
[0010] The second dielectric substrate is located on the side of the radiating patch that is away from the first dielectric substrate;
[0011] A frequency selection layer is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the first dielectric substrate, and has a plurality of first holes corresponding to the plurality of first patches and a plurality of second holes corresponding to the plurality of second patches. The gap width of the first holes is different from the gap width of the second holes.
[0012] According to any of the common aperture antennas described in this disclosure, the shape of the first aperture is the same as the shape of the second aperture.
[0013] According to any of the common aperture antennas described in this disclosure, the first aperture is a circular ring structure, a rectangular ring structure, or a U-shaped structure.
[0014] According to any of the common aperture antennas described in this disclosure, the shape of the first aperture is different from the shape of the second aperture.
[0015] According to any of the common aperture antennas described in this disclosure, the first aperture is a rectangular annular structure, and the second aperture is a U-shaped structure.
[0016] According to any of the common aperture antennas described in this disclosure, the common aperture antenna further includes a plurality of isolation pillars;
[0017] Each of the isolation pillars penetrates the first dielectric substrate and / or the second dielectric substrate. The plurality of isolation pillars surround the periphery of each first patch and each second patch, and a first hole is located in the area surrounded by the plurality of isolation pillars surrounding the periphery of the corresponding first patch, and a second hole is located in the area surrounded by the plurality of isolation pillars surrounding the periphery of the corresponding second patch.
[0018] According to any of the common aperture antennas described in this disclosure, each of the isolation pillars is connected at both ends to the grounding metal layer and the frequency selection layer, respectively.
[0019] According to any of the common aperture antennas described in this disclosure, a plurality of the isolation posts are arranged in an array, and each row of the isolation posts separates adjacent first patches and second patches in the column direction, and each column of the isolation posts separates adjacent first patches and second patches in the row direction.
[0020] According to any of the common aperture antennas described in this disclosure, both the first patch and the second patch have U-shaped slots.
[0021] The U-shaped slit includes a first slit arm and a second slit arm arranged in parallel, with the length of the first slit arm being greater than the length of the second slit arm.
[0022] According to any of the common aperture antennas described in this disclosure, the opening orientations of the U-shaped slots on the plurality of first patches and the plurality of second patches are all the same, and the direction from the first hole arm to the second hole arm on the first patch is opposite to the direction from the first hole arm to the second hole arm on the second patch.
[0023] According to any of the common aperture antennas described in this disclosure, the plurality of first patches include a plurality of groups of first patches, each group of first patches including four first patches distributed in a 2*2 pattern, and the four first patches are centrally symmetrical.
[0024] The plurality of second patches include multiple sets of second patches. Each set of second patches includes a first pair of second patches adjacent in the row direction and a second pair of second patches adjacent in the column direction. The connecting line of the first pair of second patches intersects and is perpendicular to the connecting line of the second pair of second patches. The four second patches included in the first pair of second patches and the second pair of second patches are centrally symmetrical about the intersection point of the connecting line.
[0025] According to one aspect of this disclosure, an antenna system is provided, including the common aperture antenna described in the foregoing aspect.
[0026] The embodiments disclosed herein include at least the following technical effects:
[0027] In this embodiment, the radiator, composed of multiple radiating patches, avoids the common-aperture antenna having a large thickness, thereby achieving a low-profile design. The first aperture corresponding to the first patch and the second aperture corresponding to the second patch on the frequency selection layer respectively prevent spatial coupling of the electromagnetic beams radiated by the first patch and the second patch, thereby achieving isolation between electromagnetic beams of different frequencies. This facilitates the protection of the reflection coefficient and radiation pattern of the common-aperture antenna, and thus ensures the transmit and receive performance of the common-aperture antenna.
[0028] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description
[0029] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.
[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the axial structure of a common aperture antenna provided in this disclosure is illustrated.
[0031] Figure 2 A partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a common aperture antenna provided in this disclosure is illustrated.
[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the distribution structure of an isolation column provided in this disclosure is shown.
[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating another distribution structure of isolation columns provided in this disclosure is shown.
[0034] Figure 5A schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a radiation patch provided in this disclosure is shown.
[0035] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the structure of another radiation patch provided in this disclosure is shown.
[0036] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a first hole provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.
[0037] Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating another first hole provided in this disclosure is shown.
[0038] Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating another first hole provided by an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.
[0039] Figure 10 A schematic diagram illustrating another first hole provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.
[0040] Figure 11 A schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a frequency selection layer provided in this disclosure is shown.
[0041] Figure 12 A schematic diagram illustrating another frequency selection layer structure provided in this disclosure is shown.
[0042] Figure 13 The transmittance characteristics of a frequency selection layer in the K-band shown in this disclosure are illustrated.
[0043] Figure 14 The transmittance characteristics of a frequency selection layer in the Ka band shown in this disclosure are illustrated.
[0044] Figure 15 Isolation curves of a common-aperture antenna shown in this disclosure in the K-band and Ka-band are illustrated.
[0045] Figure 16 The transmission characteristics of another frequency-selective layer in the Ka band shown in this disclosure are illustrated.
[0046] Figure label:
[0047] 10. Common aperture antenna;
[0048] 1. First dielectric substrate; 2. Grounding metal layer; 3. Radiation patch; 4. Isolation pillar; 5. Second dielectric substrate; 6. Frequency selective layer; 7. Feed pillar;
[0049] 21. Power supply port;
[0050] 31. First patch; 32. Second patch; 33. U-shaped slot; 34. First hole arm; 35. Second hole arm;
[0051] 41. First isolation column; 42. Second isolation column;
[0052] 61. First hole seam; 62. Second hole seam. Detailed Implementation
[0053] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore detailed descriptions of them will be omitted. Furthermore, the drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[0054] Although relative terms such as "up" and "down" are used in this specification to describe the relative relationship of one component of an icon to another, these terms are used only for convenience, such as according to the orientation of the examples shown in the accompanying drawings. It is understood that if the device of the icon is flipped upside down, the component described as "up" will become the component described as "down." When a structure is "up" of another structure, it may mean that the structure is integrally formed on the other structure, or that the structure is "directly" mounted on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" mounted on the other structure through another structure.
[0055] The terms “a,” “one,” “the,” “the,” and “at least one” are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “including” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion and to mean that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc., are used only as markers and are not a limitation on the number of objects.
[0056] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the axial structure of a common-aperture antenna 10 provided in this disclosure is illustrated. Figure 2 A partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a common-aperture antenna 10 provided in this disclosure is illustrated. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the common aperture antenna 10 includes: a first dielectric substrate 1, a ground metal layer 2, and a plurality of radiating patches 3. The ground metal layer 2 is located on the first side of the first dielectric substrate 1. The plurality of radiating patches 3 are located on the second side of the first dielectric substrate 1 and include a plurality of first patches 31 and a plurality of second patches 32. The first patches 31 and the second patches 32 operate at different frequencies. The plurality of first patches 31 are arranged in an array, and the second patches 32 and the first patches 31 are alternately distributed in the row direction and the column direction.
[0057] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the radiator composed of multiple radiating patches 3 avoids the common aperture antenna 10 having a large thickness, thereby realizing the low profile design of the common aperture antenna 10.
[0058] The first dielectric substrate 1 can be a commonly used PCB insulating material such as polytetrafluoroethylene glass fiber laminate, phenolic paper laminate, or phenolic glass cloth laminate, or it can be a rigid material with low microwave loss such as quartz or glass. Furthermore, the first dielectric substrate 1 can be a single-layer board structure or a multi-layer composite board structure. For a multi-layer composite board structure, for example, the first dielectric substrate 1 includes a first PI (polyimide) layer, a first protective layer, a second PI (polyimide) layer, and a second protective layer stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The two protective layers are used to protect the PI layer and prevent damage to the PI layer from subsequent processes.
[0059] Among them, the grounding metal layer 2, the first patch 31, and the second patch 32 can be made of low-resistance, low-loss metal materials such as copper, gold, and silver. The materials of the grounding metal layer 2, the first patch 31, and the second patch 32 can be the same (partially the same or completely the same) or different (completely different). The grounding metal layer 2, the first patch 31, and the second patch 32 can be manufactured by methods such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, and electroplating. The first patch 31 and the second patch 32 can be manufactured in the same layer to simplify the manufacturing process of the common aperture antenna 10 and realize the low profile design of the common aperture antenna 10.
[0060] The first patch 31 and the second patch 32 operate at different frequencies to achieve a dual-band effect for the common-aperture antenna 10. For example, the first patch 31 operates at a lower frequency than the second patch 32, and electromagnetic signals can be received through the first patch 31 and transmitted through the second patch 32. For instance, the first patch 31 operates in the K-band (17.5-21.2 GHz), while the second patch 32 operates in the Ka-band (29-31 GHz). Furthermore, for the common-aperture antenna 10, the number of second patches 32 is greater than the number of first patches 31. For example, such as... Figure 1As shown, the common aperture antenna 10 includes 48 radiating patches 3, and the 48 radiating patches 3 include 16 first patches 31 distributed in an array, and 32 second patches 32 distributed alternately with the first patches 31 in the row and column directions.
[0061] It should be noted that for the first patch 31 distributed in the array, and the second patch 32 distributed alternately with the first patch 31, the distribution period of the first patch 31 is the same in both the row and column directions, and as shown... Figure 3 As shown, the distribution spacing d1 between adjacent first patches 31 in the row direction, the distribution spacing d2 between two adjacent second patches 32 of the first patch 31 in the row and column directions, the distribution spacing of the antenna elements corresponding to the first patch 31 is d1, the distribution spacing of the antenna elements corresponding to the second patch 32 is d2, and the distribution spacing d (e.g. d1 or d2) of the antenna elements satisfies the following formula (1), and the distribution spacing d1 of the antenna elements corresponding to the first patch 31 and the distribution spacing d2 of the antenna elements corresponding to the second patch 32 satisfy the following formula (2).
[0062] Formula (1): Formula (2): d1=√2d2, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna element and θ is the scanning angle of the antenna element.
[0063] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the power supply for the multiple radiating patches 3 (first patch 31 and second patch 32) can be as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the common aperture antenna 10 includes multiple feed posts 7, each feed post 7 penetrating the first dielectric substrate 1. The multiple feed posts 7 correspond one-to-one with multiple radiating patches 3, and one end of each feed post 7 is connected to the corresponding radiating patch 3. The ground metal layer 2 has multiple feed holes 21, the multiple feed holes 21 and the multiple feed posts 7, and the other end of each feed post 7 is exposed at the corresponding feed hole 21.
[0064] Thus, through the design of the feed post 7, the feed probe or feed wire can be connected to the radiating patch 3 by welding or bonding the feed probe or feed wire to the feed post 7 at the feed hole 21, thereby realizing the feeding of electromagnetic signals on the radiating patch 3 and realizing the radiation of electromagnetic beams on the radiating patch 3.
[0065] Of course, the first dielectric substrate 1 may have a through hole corresponding to each radiating patch 3, and the ground metal layer 2 may have a plurality of feed holes 21 corresponding to the plurality of through holes. In this case, the feed probe or feed wire can directly pass through the feed hole 21 and penetrate deeply, and connect with the radiating patch 3 by means of bonding or other methods, thereby realizing the feeding of electromagnetic signals on the radiating patch 3. This disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0066] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the radiating patch 3 can be used to radiate linearly polarized electromagnetic beams, circularly polarized electromagnetic beams, or elliptically polarized electromagnetic beams.
[0067] When the radiating patch 3 radiates a linearly polarized electromagnetic beam, the polarization of the electromagnetic beam radiated by the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 can be the same or different. For example, taking different polarization methods, the first patch 31 is used to radiate a horizontally polarized electromagnetic beam, and the second patch 32 is used to radiate a vertically polarized electromagnetic beam.
[0068] The first patch 31 and the second patch 32 of the radiative polarized electromagnetic beam can be set according to the requirements. For example, the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 can both be rectangular patches, the difference being that the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 are different in size.
[0069] When the radiating patch 3 radiates a circularly polarized electromagnetic beam, the polarization of the electromagnetic beams radiated by the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 can be the same or different. For example, taking different polarizations as an example, the first patch 31 radiates a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam, and the second patch 32 radiates a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam; taking the same polarization as an example, the electromagnetic beams radiated by the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 are both dual-circularly polarized (left-hand and right-hand circular polarization can be switched) electromagnetic beams.
[0070] The first patch 31 and the second patch 32 for radiating circularly polarized electromagnetic beams can be set according to requirements. For example, the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 can both be rectangular patches with chamfered corners on the two diagonal sides. The difference is that the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 are different in size and the chamfered corners are different in size.
[0071] Of course, the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 can also have other structures. For example, such as Figure 3 As shown in Figure 4, both the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 have U-shaped slots 33, and the U-shaped slots 33 include a first arm 34 and a second arm 35 arranged in parallel, with the length of the first arm 34 being greater than the length of the second arm 35. The difference lies in the different sizes of the first patch 31 and the second patch 32, as well as the different gap widths and lengths of the U-shaped slots 33.
[0072] Thus, by adjusting the length difference between the first hole arm 34 and the second hole arm 35, the phase difference between the first hole arm 34 and the second hole arm 35 can be 90 degrees, so that both the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 can radiate circularly polarized electromagnetic beams.
[0073] The first patch 31 and the second patch 32 can be rectangular patches or circular patches, as long as they can radiate circularly polarized electromagnetic beams based on the U-shaped aperture 33.
[0074] In some implementations, such as Figure 3 or Figure 5 As shown, the opening orientation of the U-shaped slots 33 on the multiple first patches 31 is the same.
[0075] In this way, the multiple first patches 31 are arranged in a matrix, which simplifies the manufacturing process of the multiple first patches 31. At this time, the feed pillars 7 corresponding to the multiple first patches 31 can also be designed as a matrix feed array to simplify the design of the feed pillars 7 corresponding to the multiple first patches 31.
[0076] Optionally, such as Figure 3 or Figure 5 As shown, the opening orientation of the U-shaped slots 33 on the multiple second patches 32 is the same as the opening orientation of the U-shaped slots 33 on the first patch 31, and the direction from the first hole arm 34 to the second hole arm 35 on the second patch 32 is opposite to the direction from the first hole arm 34 to the second hole arm 35 on the first patch 31.
[0077] Thus, by setting the opening orientation of the U-shaped slot 33 on the second patch 32 and the direction of the first hole arm 34 to the second hole arm 35, one of the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 radiates a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam, and the other radiates a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam.
[0078] For example, for such Figure 3 The first patch 31 and the second patch 32 shown can radiate a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam through the first patch 31 and a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam through the second patch 32; or for example... Figure 5 The first patch 31 and the second patch 32 shown can radiate a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam through the first patch 31 and a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam through the second patch 32.
[0079] In other implementations, such as Figure 6 As shown, the multiple first patches 31 include multiple groups of first patches 31, each group of first patches 31 includes four first patches 31 distributed in a 2*2 pattern, and the four first patches 31 are centrally symmetrical.
[0080] In this way, multiple sets of first patches 31 are arranged in a rotating array among the multiple first patches 31, and the rotation angle of two adjacent first patches 31 in the rotation circumference of each set of first patches 31 is 90 degrees, and the feed phase difference is also 90 degrees. Thus, for each set of first patches 31, the circularly polarized electromagnetic beams radiated by the four first patches 31 can be coupled to ensure that the common aperture antenna 10 has better circularly polarized radiation performance at the operating frequency of the first patches 31.
[0081] In this configuration, the feed post 7 corresponding to each first patch 31 is connected to the center position (e.g., the geometric center) of the first patch 31 to ensure that the feed posts 7 corresponding to multiple first patches 31 can be neatly arranged, thereby simplifying the design of the feed posts 7 and improving aesthetics. Furthermore, for the feed phase of the four first patches 31 in each group, taking the first patch 31 radiating a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam as an example, the feed phase of the four first patches 31 decreases by 90 degrees clockwise along the circumferential direction; taking the first patch 31 radiating a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam as an example, the feed phase of the four first patches 31 increases by 90 degrees clockwise along the circumferential direction. For example, as... Figure 6 As shown, the first patch 31 is used to radiate a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam, and the feeding phase of the four first patches 31 in each group increases by 90 degrees clockwise along the circumferential direction.
[0082] Optionally, such as Figure 6 As shown, the plurality of second patches 32 include multiple groups of second patches 32. Each group of second patches 32 includes a first pair of second patches 32 adjacent in the row direction and a second pair of second patches 32 adjacent in the column direction. The connecting line of the first pair of second patches 32 intersects and is perpendicular to the connecting line of the second pair of second patches 32. The four second patches 32 included in the first pair of second patches 32 and the second pair of second patches 32 are centrally symmetrical about the intersection point of the connecting line.
[0083] In this way, multiple sets of second patches 32 are arranged in a rotating array among the multiple second patches 32. In each set of second patches 32, the rotation angle of two adjacent second patches 32 in the rotation circumference is 90 degrees, and the feed phase difference is also 90 degrees. Thus, for each set of second patches 32, the circularly polarized electromagnetic beams radiated by the four second patches 32 can be coupled to ensure that the common aperture antenna 10 has better circularly polarized radiation performance at the operating frequency of the second patches 32.
[0084] In this configuration, the feed post 7 corresponding to each second patch 32 is connected to the center position (e.g., the geometric center) of the second patch 32 to ensure that the feed posts 7 corresponding to multiple second patches 32 can be neatly arranged, thereby simplifying the design of the feed posts 7 and improving aesthetics. Furthermore, for the feed phase of each group of four second patches 32, taking the second patch 32 radiating a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam as an example, the feed phase of the four second patches 32 decreases by 90 degrees clockwise along the circumferential direction; taking the second patch 32 radiating a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam as an example, the feed phase of the four second patches 32 increases by 90 degrees clockwise along the circumferential direction. For example, as... Figure 6 As shown, the second patch 32 is used to radiate a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam, and the feeding phase of the four second patches 32 in each group decreases by 90 degrees clockwise along the circumferential direction.
[0085] It should be noted that, in conjunction with the above description, one of the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 is used to radiate a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam, and the other is used to radiate a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam. In this case, for the feed phase of each group of first patches 31 and each group of second patches 32, the feed phase of one can decrease by 90 degrees clockwise along the circumferential direction, and the feed phase of the other can increase by 90 degrees clockwise along the circumferential direction. For example, if the first patch 31 is used to radiate a left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam, and the second patch 32 is used to radiate a right-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic beam, then... Figure 6 As shown, the feed phase of the four first patches 31 in each group increases by 90 degrees clockwise along the circumferential direction, and the feed phase of the four second patches 32 in each group decreases by 90 degrees clockwise along the circumferential direction.
[0086] In some implementations, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the common aperture antenna 10 includes a second dielectric substrate 5 and a frequency selection layer 6. The second dielectric substrate 5 is located on the side of the radiating patch 3 away from the first dielectric substrate 1, and the frequency selection layer 6 is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate 5 away from the first dielectric substrate 1. The frequency selection layer 6 has a plurality of first slots 61 and a plurality of second slots 62. The plurality of first slots 61 correspond one-to-one with the plurality of first patches 31, and the plurality of second slots 62 correspond one-to-one with the plurality of second patches 32. The slot width of the first slots 61 is different from the slot width of the second slots 62.
[0087] Thus, by setting the first slot 61 and the second slot 62 on the frequency selection layer 6, the frequency selection layer 6 has bandpass filtering characteristics. That is, the electromagnetic beam corresponding to the operating frequency of the first patch 31 can only be transmitted along the first slot 61 in the area enclosed by the isolation pillar 4, and the electromagnetic beam corresponding to the operating frequency of the second patch 32 can only be transmitted along the second slot 62 in the area enclosed by the isolation pillar 4. This avoids spatial coupling of electromagnetic beams between the first patch 31 and the second patch 32, thereby further improving the isolation of the common aperture antenna 10.
[0088] The frequency selection layer 6 can be made of low-resistance, low-loss metals such as copper, gold, or silver, and can be fabricated using methods such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, or electroplating. The first slot 61 and the second slot 62 on the frequency selection layer 6 can be fabricated by etching. The specific dimensions of the first slot 61 and the second slot 62 can be set according to the operating frequencies of the first patch 31 and the second patch 32, as long as the first slot 61 can only transmit the electromagnetic beam corresponding to the operating frequency of the first patch 31, and the second slot 62 can only transmit the electromagnetic beam corresponding to the operating frequency of the second patch 32. In addition, each first slot 61 surrounds the periphery of the corresponding first patch 31, and each second slot 62 surrounds the periphery of the corresponding second patch 32.
[0089] Specifically, the first slot 61 and the second slot 62 on the frequency selection layer 6, corresponding to the first patch 31 and the second patch 32, can be annular slot structures, with each first slot 61 surrounding the periphery of the corresponding first patch 31 and each second slot 62 surrounding the periphery of the corresponding second patch 32. Specifically, the first slot 61 and the second slot 62 can be a single annular slot structure or a multi-ring annular slot structure, etc. The shape of a single annular slot can be a triangular ring, a rectangular ring, a hexagonal ring, a circular ring, an elliptical ring, etc. In the case of multiple annular slot structures, the shapes of any two annular slots can be the same or different; for example, the first slot 61 is as follows... Figure 7 or Figure 8 The diagram shows a ring-shaped slit structure, where the slit is circular or rectangular; for example, the first slit 61 is as follows. Figure 9 or Figure 10 The diagram shows a two-ringed annular seam structure, with both rings being circular or rectangular in shape.
[0090] Specifically, the first slot 61 and the second slot 62 on the frequency selection layer 6, corresponding to the first patch 31 and the second patch 32, can have the same or different shapes.
[0091] When the shape of the first slit 61 is the same as the shape of the second slit 62, for example, both the first slit 61 and the second slit 62 are annular, that is, both the first slit 61 and the second slit 62 are annular structures; or, as Figure 11 As shown, the first slit 61 and the second slit 62 are both rectangular rings, that is, the first slit 61 and the second slit 62 are both rectangular ring structures; or, the first slit 61 and the second slit 62 are both two nested rectangular rings, that is, the first slit 61 and the second slit 62 are both square structures.
[0092] When the shape of the first slit 61 is different from the shape of the second slit 62, for example, the shape of the first slit 61 is a rectangular ring, and the shape of the second slit 62 is a circular ring; that is, the first slit 61 is a rectangular ring structure, and the second slit 62 is a circular ring structure; or, as... Figure 12 As shown, the first slit 61 is shaped like a rectangular ring, and the second slit 62 is shaped like two overlapping rectangular rings. That is, the first slit 61 is a rectangular ring structure, and the second slit 62 is a square-shaped structure.
[0093] In some embodiments, the common aperture antenna 10 further includes a plurality of isolation pillars 4, each isolation pillar penetrating the first dielectric substrate 1 and / or the second dielectric substrate 5. The plurality of isolation pillars 4 surround the periphery of each first patch 31 and each second patch 32, and a first aperture 61 is located in the area surrounded by the plurality of isolation pillars 4 surrounding the corresponding first patch 31, and a second aperture 62 is located in the area surrounded by the plurality of isolation pillars 4 surrounding the corresponding second patch 32.
[0094] Thus, by setting isolation pillars 4 around the periphery of each first patch 31 and the periphery of each second patch 32, lateral transmission of electromagnetic signals between the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 within the dielectric substrate is avoided, thereby achieving isolation between electromagnetic signals of different frequencies. This facilitates ensuring the reflection coefficient and radiation pattern of the common aperture antenna 10, and thus ensures the transmit and receive performance of the common aperture antenna 10.
[0095] Among them, the multiple isolation pillars 4 can individually penetrate the first dielectric substrate 1, or individually penetrate the second dielectric substrate 5, or they can be as follows: Figure 1 or Figure 2 As shown, the isolation pillar 4 penetrates both the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 5. When all the isolation pillars 4 penetrate both the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 5, the two ends of each isolation pillar 4 are connected to the ground metal layer 2 and the frequency selection layer 6, respectively. Thus, the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 are isolated to the maximum extent through multiple isolation pillars, effectively preventing the lateral transmission of electromagnetic signals between the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 within the dielectric substrate.
[0096] In some implementations, for the multiple isolation pillars 4 included in the common aperture antenna 10, such as Figure 4 As shown, multiple isolation pillars 4 are arranged in an array, and each row of isolation pillars 4 separates the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 that are adjacent in the column direction, and each column of isolation pillars 4 separates the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 that are adjacent in the row direction.
[0097] Thus, by using multiple isolation pillars 4 arranged in an array, and by using isolation pillars 4 in each row and column to separate adjacent first patches 31 and second patches 32, the periphery of each first patch 31 and each second patch 32 is surrounded by isolation pillars 4. This achieves isolation of the first patches 31 and second patches 32 while simplifying the design of the isolation pillars 4. In addition, for the isolation pillars 4 located between adjacent first patches 31 and second patches 32, isolation of the first patches 31 and second patches 32 can be achieved simultaneously, thereby reducing the number of isolation pillars 4 and simplifying the design of the isolation pillars 4.
[0098] In other embodiments, the plurality of isolation pillars 4 included in the common aperture antenna 10 can be individually arranged around each first patch 31 and each second patch 32, specifically, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the multiple isolation pillars 4 include multiple sets of first isolation pillars 41 and multiple sets of second isolation pillars 42. The multiple sets of first isolation pillars 41 correspond one-to-one with multiple first patches 31, and each set of first isolation pillars 41 surrounds the corresponding first patch 31. The multiple sets of second isolation pillars 42 correspond one-to-one with multiple second patches 32, and each set of second isolation pillars 42 surrounds the corresponding second patch 32.
[0099] The size of the area enclosed by each group of first isolation pillars 41 depends on the size of the first patch 31, and the size of the area enclosed by each group of second isolation pillars 42 mainly depends on the size of the second patch 32. For example, as... Figure 3 As shown, the size of the first patch 31 is larger than the size of the second patch 32. At this time, the area enclosed by each group of first isolation pillars 41 is larger than the area enclosed by each group of second isolation pillars 42. For adjacent first patches 31 and second patches 32 in the row direction, the first isolation pillars 41 and second isolation pillars 42 located on the same side in the column direction are not collinear.
[0100] Furthermore, in the row direction and / or column direction, the isolation pillar 4 between adjacent first patches 31 and second patches 32 can be reused as a first isolation pillar 41 corresponding to the first patch 31 and a second isolation pillar 42 corresponding to the second patch 32, for example, as Figure 3As shown, in both the row and column directions, the isolation posts 4 between adjacent first patches 31 and second patches 32 are reused as first isolation posts 41 and second isolation posts 42. This reduces the total number of isolation posts 4, simplifying the structure of the common-aperture antenna 10 and thus simplifying the manufacturing process.
[0101] Example 1: For a common-aperture antenna 10 including a frequency-selective surface, taking the operating frequencies of the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 as being located in the K-band and Ka-band respectively, and the first slot 61 and the second slot 62 on the frequency selection layer 6 corresponding to the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 as rectangular ring structures, simulation tests were performed to obtain the following results: Figure 13 The common-aperture antenna 10 shown includes a frequency selection layer 6 with transmission characteristics (including reflection coefficient curve S11 and insertion loss coefficient curve S21) in the K-band, as shown below. Figure 14 The common-aperture antenna 10 shown includes a frequency selection layer 6 with transmission characteristics in the Ka band (including reflection coefficient curve S11 and insertion loss coefficient curve S21), and as shown in the figure. Figure 15 The isolation curve of the common aperture antenna 10 is shown.
[0102] Combination Figure 13 It can be seen that the frequency selection layer 6 included in the common-aperture antenna 10 has a suppression degree of approximately 12dB for electromagnetic signals in the Ka band within the K band. Figure 14 It can be seen that the suppression degree of frequency selection layer 6 on electromagnetic signals in the K-band within the Ka band is approximately 15dB. Combined with... Figure 15 It is known that the common aperture antenna 10 has an isolation greater than 40dB in the K-band and an isolation greater than 30dB in the Ka-band. This ensures the high transmittance of the electromagnetic beams radiated by the first aperture 61 and the second aperture 62 on the frequency selection layer 6 to the first patch 31 and the second patch 32, respectively, as well as the high isolation between the first patch 31 and the second patch 32, thereby ensuring the antenna performance of the common aperture antenna 10.
[0103] Example 2: For a common-aperture antenna 10 including a frequency-selective surface, taking the operating frequencies of the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 as being located in the K-band and Ka-band respectively, and the first slot 61 and the second slot 62 on the frequency selection layer 6 corresponding to the first patch 31 and the second patch 32 as being of a U-shaped structure, simulation tests were performed to obtain the following results: Figure 16 The transmission characteristics curves of frequency selection layer 6 in the Ka band are shown (including reflection coefficient curve S11 and insertion loss coefficient curve S21). Combined with... Figure 16 It can be seen that the narrow bandwidth effect of the common aperture antenna 10 can be easily achieved in the Ka band through the holes of the U-shaped structure.
[0104] This disclosure also provides an antenna system including the common-aperture antenna 10 described in the above embodiments. Based on the common-aperture antenna 10, the compact design, low profile design, and high isolation of the common-aperture antenna 10 are achieved, which facilitates optimization of the space utilization of the antenna system while ensuring the antenna performance of the antenna system.
[0105] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A common-aperture antenna, characterized in that, include: First dielectric substrate; A grounded metal layer is located on the first side of the first dielectric substrate; Multiple radiating patches are located on the second side of the first dielectric substrate, and include multiple first patches and multiple second patches. The first patches and the second patches operate at different frequencies. The multiple first patches are arranged in an array, and the second patches and the first patches are alternately distributed in the row and column directions. The second dielectric substrate is located on the side of the radiating patch that is away from the first dielectric substrate; A frequency selection layer is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the first dielectric substrate, and has a plurality of first holes corresponding to the plurality of first patches and a plurality of second holes corresponding to the plurality of second patches. The gap width of the first holes is different from the gap width of the second holes.
2. The common-aperture antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the first slit is the same as the shape of the second slit.
3. The common-aperture antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first hole is a circular ring structure, a rectangular ring structure, or a square-shaped structure.
4. The common-aperture antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the first slit is different from the shape of the second slit.
5. The common-aperture antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The first opening is a rectangular ring structure, and the second opening is a square-shaped structure.
6. The common-aperture antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The common aperture antenna also includes multiple isolation pillars; Each of the isolation pillars penetrates the first dielectric substrate and / or the second dielectric substrate. The plurality of isolation pillars surround the periphery of each first patch and each second patch, and a first hole is located in the area surrounded by the plurality of isolation pillars surrounding the periphery of the corresponding first patch, and a second hole is located in the area surrounded by the plurality of isolation pillars surrounding the periphery of the corresponding second patch.
7. The common-aperture antenna as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Each of the isolation pillars is connected at both ends to the grounding metal layer and the frequency selection layer, respectively.
8. The common-aperture antenna as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The isolation columns are arranged in an array, with each row of isolation columns separating adjacent first patches and second patches in the column direction, and each column of isolation columns separating adjacent first patches and second patches in the row direction.
9. The common-aperture antenna as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Both the first patch and the second patch have U-shaped slots; The U-shaped slit includes a first slit arm and a second slit arm arranged in parallel, with the length of the first slit arm being greater than the length of the second slit arm.
10. The common-aperture antenna as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The openings of the U-shaped holes on the multiple first patches and the multiple second patches all face the same direction, and the direction from the first hole arm to the second hole arm on the first patch is opposite to the direction from the first hole arm to the second hole arm on the second patch.
11. The common-aperture antenna as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The plurality of first patches include multiple groups of first patches, each group of first patches including four first patches distributed in a 2*2 pattern, and the four first patches are centrally symmetrical. The plurality of second patches include multiple sets of second patches. Each set of second patches includes a first pair of second patches adjacent in the row direction and a second pair of second patches adjacent in the column direction. The connecting line of the first pair of second patches intersects and is perpendicular to the connecting line of the second pair of second patches. The four second patches included in the first pair of second patches and the second pair of second patches are centrally symmetrical about the intersection point of the connecting line.
12. An antenna system, characterized in that, Includes the common aperture antenna as described in any one of claims 1-11.