Low-power-consumption wireless sensing device capable of taking electricity through vibration

Abstract

The invention, which belongs to the technical field of the wireless sensing device, discloses a vibration power-taking low-power-consumption wireless sensing device comprising a vibration power generation module used for converting external mechanical vibration energy into electric energy and providing primary power supply for the device; the energy storage and voltage stabilization management module is used for realizing energy rectification, storage and voltage stabilization output; the main control and energy scheduling module is used for controlling the overall operation logic of the system and realizing energy distribution and power consumption scheduling; the multifunctional sensor module is used for collecting key operation parameters of equipment; the wireless communication module is used for data wireless transmission and remote monitoring; and the standby power supply and sleep control module is used for maintaining the minimum operation power consumption of the system when the vibration energy is insufficient or the equipment is shut down. By the adoption of the device, environment vibration energy is efficiently converted into electric energy through the vibration power generation module, stable direct current output is achieved through the energy storage and voltage stabilization management module, and an external power source or frequent battery replacement is not needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless sensing device technology, and in particular to a low-power wireless sensing device that draws power from vibration. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in production environments such as coal mines, ports, open-pit mines, grain depots, and industrial manufacturing workshops, equipment such as vibrating screens, belt conveyors, and crushers are subjected to high-intensity vibration and complex operating conditions for extended periods. During operation, the mechanical structure, transmission components, and motors of these devices are easily affected by high vibration, dust, humidity, and temperature changes. If the equipment status cannot be monitored in real time, equipment failures or even safety accidents can easily occur.

[0003] To ensure the safe operation of equipment, existing technologies commonly employ wireless sensor monitoring systems to detect key parameters such as temperature, vibration, pressure, and gas concentration. However, existing wireless sensing devices suffer from the following problems in practical applications: although some solutions attempt to harvest energy using vibration or heat, the energy harvesting efficiency is low, the output voltage fluctuates greatly, and it is difficult to continuously power the wireless communication module. Especially under conditions of varying vibration amplitude or intermittent vibration, the system is prone to instability such as power outages and restarts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-power wireless sensing device that draws power from vibration, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a low-power wireless sensing device for vibration power generation, comprising a vibration power generation module, an energy storage and voltage regulation management module, a main control and energy dispatching module, a multi-functional sensor module, a wireless communication module, and a backup power supply and sleep control module. The vibration-to-electricity module is used to convert external mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy to provide primary power to the device; The energy storage and voltage regulation management module is used to realize energy rectification, storage and voltage regulation output, provide stable power supply for the main control and energy dispatch module and wireless communication module, realize continuous power supply under vibration intermittent, and have the function of dynamic power monitoring to provide basic data for subsequent energy dispatch. The main control and energy scheduling module is used to control the overall operating logic of the system and realize energy allocation and power consumption scheduling. A multi-functional sensor module is used to collect key operating parameters of the equipment; The wireless communication module is used for wireless data transmission and remote monitoring. Through adaptive communication protocol selection, it ensures high reliability even in coal mine metal obstruction or long-distance transmission scenarios. The backup power and hibernation control module is used to maintain the system's minimum operating power consumption when vibration energy is insufficient or the equipment is shut down.

[0006] Preferably, the vibration-generating module includes a mechanical electrification unit or an electromagnetic electrification unit; The mechanical power generation unit includes two structures: One type consists of an array of piezoelectric ceramic sheets. The piezoelectric ceramic sheets generate a DC voltage of 3~25V after vibration, which is directly regulated to power the device. Another type consists of an electromagnetic power generation unit, a rectifier unit, and a voltage regulator unit. The permanent magnet reciprocates in the coil to generate an alternating current signal, which is then rectified and regulated to finally power the device. The electromagnetic power generation unit consists of a permanent magnet, a coil, a guide sleeve, and an elastic support.

[0007] Preferably, when the equipment vibrates, the permanent magnet reciprocates within the guide sleeve, generating an induced electromotive force (EMF) at both ends of the coil. The magnitude of this EMF is related to the number of turns of the coil, the permanent magnet itself, and its speed. Represented as: ; Where N is the number of turns in the coil, and ΔΦ is the change in magnetic flux. It is expressed as the time of change of magnetic flux.

[0008] Preferably, the energy storage and voltage regulation management module includes a rectifier circuit, an energy storage unit, and a voltage regulation and monitoring circuit; The rectifier circuit uses a Schottky diode bridge rectifier to convert the AC power output from the acquisition module into DC power. The energy storage unit consists of a supercapacitor bank and a high-capacity electrolytic capacitor, and is used to temporarily store energy. The voltage regulation and monitoring circuit uses a DC / DC converter chip and a voltage sampling unit to regulate the output voltage to 1.8V or 3.3V and feed back the energy storage voltage to the main control and energy dispatch module in real time.

[0009] Preferably, the main control and energy dispatch module includes a main control chip, a power detection unit, and a power management unit; The main control chip, an ultra-low power microcontroller, is responsible for system control. The power detection unit monitors the energy storage voltage and load current in real time. The power management unit controls the sampling frequency, communication cycle, and sleep state.

[0010] Preferably, the energy scheduling logic is as follows: When the energy storage voltage is ≥ V1: the system enters the working mode and all modules operate; When the energy storage voltage is between V2 and V1: enter energy-saving mode and reduce sampling and communication frequency; When the energy storage voltage is ≤V2: enter hibernation mode, shut down all modules except voltage detection, and only maintain minimum power consumption monitoring.

[0011] Preferably, the multifunctional sensor module includes a temperature sensing unit, a vibration acceleration sensing unit, a gas sensing unit, a stress / pressure sensing unit, and a tilt sensing unit. Temperature sensing unit: monitors the temperature of the motor or bearing; Vibration acceleration sensing unit: detects the vibration intensity and frequency of the equipment; Gas sensing unit: monitors methane or carbon monoxide concentration in coal mines; Stress / pressure sensing unit: detects changes in force on mechanical structures; Tilt sensing unit: monitors the installation attitude deviation of the equipment; The sensor signals are filtered, feature extracted, and compressed by the main control and energy scheduling module before being packaged and uploaded.

[0012] Preferably, the wireless communication module includes a communication chip unit, an antenna unit, and a data buffer and transmission circuit; The communication chip unit supports low-power communication protocols such as LoRa, NB-IoT, StarFlash, and Bluetooth. The antenna unit uses a shielded, explosion-proof ceramic antenna or a flexible metal antenna. The data buffer and transmission circuit reports data centrally during communication periods and shuts down to reduce power consumption at other times.

[0013] Preferably, the backup power supply and hibernation control module includes a backup power supply unit, a power consumption switching circuit, and a hibernation control unit; Backup power unit: uses rechargeable lithium batteries or high-capacity supercapacitors; Power consumption switching circuit: enables automatic switching between main energy storage and backup power supply; Sleep control unit: Maintains system wake-up timing via a low-power clock and watchdog circuit.

[0014] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned low-power wireless sensing device that utilizes vibration for power generation, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) The main control and energy scheduling module dynamically adjusts the system operation mode (working / energy saving / sleep) based on the energy storage voltage threshold. When the energy is insufficient, it automatically reduces the sampling and communication frequency to achieve self-balancing of energy and load and extend the continuous working time of the system.

[0015] (2) The wireless communication module can automatically select the optimal transmission mode according to environmental conditions, and can maintain stable communication even in environments with metal obstruction and weak signals underground. At the same time, it has an automatic sleep mechanism to significantly reduce power consumption.

[0016] (3) The multi-functional sensor module can simultaneously monitor multiple dimensions of equipment such as temperature, vibration, gas concentration, pressure and tilt angle. Through local feature extraction and data compression, it only reports key feature values, reducing communication energy consumption and improving monitoring efficiency.

[0017] (4) The vibration energy generation module efficiently converts the environmental vibration energy into electrical energy, and the energy storage and voltage regulation management module achieves stable DC output without the need for external power supply or frequent battery replacement.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-power wireless sensing device that uses vibration to generate power, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic induction energy harvesting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] Example like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a low-power wireless sensing device that generates power through vibration, including a vibration power generation module, an energy storage and voltage regulation management module, a main control and energy scheduling module, a multi-functional sensor module, a wireless communication module, and a backup power supply and sleep control module.

[0023] A vibration-to-electricity module is used to convert external mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy, providing primary power to the device. A vibration-to-electricity module can include a mechanical electro-electricity unit or an electromagnetic electro-electricity unit.

[0024] The mechanical power generation unit includes two structures: One type consists of an array of piezoelectric ceramic sheets. After vibration, the piezoelectric ceramic sheets generate a DC voltage of 3~25V, which is directly regulated to power the device.

[0025] Another type consists of an electromagnetic power generation unit, a rectifier unit, and a voltage regulator unit. The permanent magnet reciprocates in the coil to generate an alternating current signal, which is then rectified and regulated to finally power the device.

[0026] Reference Figure 2 The electromagnetic electrostatic unit consists of a permanent magnet (e.g., a magnet), a coil, a guide sleeve, and an elastic support. When the equipment vibrates, the permanent magnet reciprocates within the guide sleeve, inducing an electromotive force (EMF) at both ends of the coil (A, B). The magnitude of this EMF is related to the number of turns of the coil, the permanent magnet itself, and its speed. Represented as: ; Where N is the number of turns in the coil, and ΔΦ is the change in magnetic flux. It is expressed as the time of change of magnetic flux.

[0027] The mechanical and electromagnetic electrostatic generating units can be used individually or in combination, depending on the equipment's vibration frequency and amplitude characteristics. Mechanical electrostatic generating units are suitable for high-frequency vibration applications, while electromagnetic electrostatic generating units are suitable for low-frequency, large-displacement vibration applications.

[0028] The energy storage and voltage regulation management module is used to rectify, store, and regulate energy output, providing a stable power supply to the main control and energy dispatch module and the wireless communication module. It enables continuous power supply during vibration interruptions and features dynamic power monitoring to provide basic data for subsequent energy dispatch. The energy storage and voltage regulation management module includes a rectifier circuit, an energy storage unit, and a voltage regulation and monitoring circuit.

[0029] Rectifier circuit: Schottky diode bridge rectifier is used to convert the AC power output from the vibration power generation module into DC power; Energy storage unit: Composed of supercapacitor banks and high-capacity electrolytic capacitors, used for temporary energy storage; Voltage regulation and monitoring circuit: Using a DC / DC converter chip and voltage sampling unit, the output voltage is regulated to 1.8V or 3.3V, and the energy storage voltage is fed back to the main control and energy dispatch module in real time.

[0030] The main control and energy scheduling module is used to control the overall operating logic of the system and realize energy allocation and power consumption scheduling. The main control and energy scheduling module includes a main control chip, a power detection unit, and a power consumption management unit.

[0031] Main control chip (MCU): Uses an ultra-low power microcontroller (such as the STM32L series) to control the system; Power detection unit: Real-time detection of energy storage voltage and load current; Power management unit: controls sampling frequency, communication cycle and sleep state.

[0032] The energy scheduling logic is as follows: When the energy storage voltage is ≥ V1: the system enters the working mode and all modules operate; When the energy storage voltage is between V2 and V1: enter energy-saving mode and reduce sampling and communication frequency; When the energy storage voltage is ≤V2: enter hibernation mode, shut down all modules except voltage detection, and only maintain minimum power consumption monitoring.

[0033] The multi-functional sensor module is used to collect key operating parameters of the equipment. It includes a temperature sensing unit, a vibration acceleration sensing unit, a gas sensing unit, a stress / pressure sensing unit, and a tilt sensing unit.

[0034] Temperature sensing unit: monitors the temperature of the motor or bearing; Vibration acceleration sensing unit: detects the vibration intensity and frequency of the equipment; Gas sensing unit: monitors methane or carbon monoxide concentration in coal mines; Stress / pressure sensing unit: detects changes in force on mechanical structures; Tilt sensing unit: monitors the installation attitude deviation of the equipment.

[0035] The sensor signals are filtered, feature extracted, and compressed by the main control and energy scheduling module before being packaged and uploaded.

[0036] The wireless communication module is used for wireless data transmission and remote monitoring. Through adaptive communication protocol selection, it ensures high reliability even in scenarios with metal obstruction in coal mines or long-distance transmission. The wireless communication module includes a communication chip unit, an antenna unit, and data buffering and transmission circuitry.

[0037] Communication chip unit: Supports low-power communication protocols such as LoRa, NB-IoT, SparkLink, and Bluetooth; Antenna element: A ceramic antenna or a flexible metal antenna with a shielded explosion-proof structure; Data buffering and transmission circuit: It reports data in a concentrated manner during communication periods and shuts down and goes into sleep mode at other times to reduce power consumption.

[0038] The backup power and hibernation control module is used to maintain minimum system operating power consumption when vibration energy is insufficient or equipment is shut down. The backup power and hibernation control module includes a backup power unit, a power switching circuit, and a hibernation control unit.

[0039] Backup power unit: uses rechargeable lithium batteries or high-capacity supercapacitors; Power consumption switching circuit: enables automatic switching between main energy storage and backup power supply; Sleep control unit: Maintains system wake-up timing via a low-power clock and watchdog circuit.

[0040] The system enters deep sleep mode when there is no vibration, with power consumption below 10µA. It automatically wakes up and enters working mode after vibration resumes.

[0041] Working principle: After the equipment starts, it generates mechanical vibration, which is converted into electrical energy by the vibration power generation module. The electrical energy is rectified, stored, and output as stable DC power by the energy storage and voltage regulation management module. The main control and energy scheduling module detects the energy storage voltage and selects the operating mode according to the energy level. The multi-functional sensor module collects data, which is processed and buffered by the main control and energy scheduling module. When the energy is sufficient, the wireless communication module is awakened and uploads data to the host computer or cloud. If the vibration weakens, the system enters energy saving or sleep mode. When the vibration recovers and energy is input again, the system automatically wakes up and continues to operate.

[0042] Therefore, the present invention employs the aforementioned low-power wireless sensing device that harvests power through vibration. By using dual-mode energy harvesting (piezoelectric + electromagnetic) to adapt to different vibration frequencies and adopting an adaptive energy scheduling mechanism, power consumption is significantly reduced.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-power wireless sensing device that draws power from vibration, characterized in that: It includes a vibration-generated electricity module, an energy storage and voltage regulation management module, a main control and energy dispatch module, a multi-functional sensor module, a wireless communication module, and a backup power supply and hibernation control module; The vibration-to-electricity module is used to convert external mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy to provide primary power to the device; The energy storage and voltage regulation management module is used to realize energy rectification, storage and voltage regulation output, provide stable power supply for the main control and energy dispatch module and wireless communication module, realize continuous power supply under vibration intermittent, and have the function of dynamic power monitoring to provide basic data for subsequent energy dispatch. The main control and energy scheduling module is used to control the overall operating logic of the system and realize energy allocation and power consumption scheduling. A multi-functional sensor module is used to collect key operating parameters of the equipment; The wireless communication module is used for wireless data transmission and remote monitoring. Through adaptive communication protocol selection, it ensures high reliability even in coal mine metal obstruction or long-distance transmission scenarios. The backup power and hibernation control module is used to maintain the system's minimum operating power consumption when vibration energy is insufficient or the equipment is shut down.

2. The low-power wireless sensing device for vibration-powered sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Vibration-generated electricity modules include mechanical electricity generation units or electromagnetic electricity generation units; The mechanical power generation unit includes two structures: One type consists of an array of piezoelectric ceramic sheets. The piezoelectric ceramic sheets generate a DC voltage of 3~25V after vibration, which is directly regulated to power the device. Another type consists of an electromagnetic power generation unit, a rectifier unit, and a voltage regulator unit. The permanent magnet reciprocates in the coil to generate an alternating current signal, which is then rectified and regulated to finally power the device. The electromagnetic power generation unit consists of a permanent magnet, a coil, a guide sleeve, and an elastic support.

3. The low-power wireless sensing device for vibration-powered sensing according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the equipment vibrates, the permanent magnet reciprocates within the guide sleeve, inducing an electromotive force (EMF) at both ends of the coil. The magnitude of this EMF is related to the number of turns of the coil, the permanent magnet itself, and its speed. Represented as: ； Where N is the number of turns in the coil, and ΔΦ is the change in magnetic flux. It is expressed as the time of change of magnetic flux.

4. The low-power wireless sensing device for vibration-powered sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage and voltage regulation management module includes a rectifier circuit, an energy storage unit, and a voltage regulation and monitoring circuit; The rectifier circuit uses a Schottky diode bridge rectifier to convert the AC power output from the acquisition module into DC power. The energy storage unit consists of a supercapacitor bank and a high-capacity electrolytic capacitor, and is used to temporarily store energy. The voltage regulation and monitoring circuit uses a DC / DC converter chip and a voltage sampling unit to regulate the output voltage to 1.8V or 3.3V and feed back the energy storage voltage to the main control and energy dispatch module in real time.

5. The low-power wireless sensing device for vibration-powered sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control and energy dispatch module includes a main control chip, a power detection unit, and a power management unit; The main control chip, an ultra-low power microcontroller, is responsible for system control. The power detection unit monitors the energy storage voltage and load current in real time. The power management unit controls the sampling frequency, communication cycle, and sleep state.

6. The low-power wireless sensing device for vibration-powered sensing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The energy scheduling logic is as follows: When the energy storage voltage is ≥ V1: the system enters the working mode and all modules operate; When the energy storage voltage is between V2 and V1: enter energy-saving mode and reduce sampling and communication frequency; When the energy storage voltage is ≤V2: enter hibernation mode, shut down all modules except voltage detection, and only maintain minimum power consumption monitoring.

7. A low-power wireless sensing device for vibration-powered sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-functional sensor module includes a temperature sensing unit, a vibration acceleration sensing unit, a gas sensing unit, a stress / pressure sensing unit, and a tilt sensing unit. Temperature sensing unit: monitors the temperature of the motor or bearing; Vibration acceleration sensing unit: detects the vibration intensity and frequency of the equipment; Gas sensing unit: monitors methane or carbon monoxide concentration in coal mines; Stress / pressure sensing unit: detects changes in force on mechanical structures; Tilt sensing unit: monitors equipment installation attitude deviation; The sensor signals are filtered, feature extracted, and compressed by the main control and energy scheduling module before being packaged and uploaded.

8. The low-power wireless sensing device for vibration-powered sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless communication module includes a communication chip unit, an antenna unit, and a data buffer and transmission circuit; The communication chip unit supports low-power communication protocols such as LoRa, NB-IoT, StarFlash, and Bluetooth. The antenna unit uses a shielded, explosion-proof ceramic antenna or a flexible metal antenna. The data buffer and transmission circuit reports data centrally during communication periods and shuts down to sleep at other times to reduce power consumption.

9. A low-power wireless sensing device for vibration-powered sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backup power and hibernation control module includes a backup power unit, a power consumption switching circuit, and a hibernation control unit; Backup power unit: uses rechargeable lithium batteries or high-capacity supercapacitors; Power consumption switching circuit: enables automatic switching between main energy storage and backup power supply; Sleep control unit: Maintains system wake-up timing via a low-power clock and watchdog circuit.

Images