Battery charging control method, battery management system and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a battery charging control method, a battery management system and electronic equipment, and relates to the field of lithium batteries. Aiming at the problems that a lithium ion battery is easy to separate out lithium and the charging speed is limited when the lithium ion battery is charged in a low-temperature environment, when the temperature of the battery is lower than a low-temperature threshold value, high-voltage direct-current voltage pulses are applied to the battery, and Joule heat is generated by utilizing internal impedance of the battery, so that rapid self-heating of the battery is realized. In addition, in order to avoid lithium precipitation, it is ensured that the pulse voltage is higher than the open-circuit voltage of the battery and the pulse current is lower than a safety threshold value in the high-voltage direct-current voltage pulse. Therefore, the temperature of the battery can be quickly raised to the safe charging temperature window in the low-temperature environment, so that quick charging is realized while the risk of lithium precipitation is avoided, and the usability and the safety of the battery in the low-temperature environment are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of lithium batteries, specifically to a battery charging control method, a battery management system, and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] In low-temperature environments, lithium-ion batteries experience a decrease in electrolyte ionic conductivity and a slowdown in lithium-ion intercalation kinetics within the graphite anode. This leads to lithium ions being easily reduced to metallic lithium on the anode surface during charging, a phenomenon known as "lithium plating." Lithium plating not only causes battery capacity degradation but also poses serious safety hazards.

[0003] Traditional low-temperature charging strategies typically employ slow charging with low current to avoid lithium plating, but this severely limits battery usability in low-temperature environments. Research indicates that raising the battery temperature above a critical value can significantly improve lithium-ion kinetics, allowing for the use of larger charging currents without lithium plating. However, external heating methods suffer from low efficiency, system complexity, and uneven heating; existing heating solutions, such as those using heating films or PTCs, are structurally complex and have low thermal efficiency; AC heating requires an additional AC power supply or inverter circuit, resulting in high cost and complex control; high-frequency pulse self-heating has relatively low thermal efficiency and may accelerate battery aging.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a battery heating method that is efficient, fast, safe, and can be seamlessly integrated with the charging process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a battery charging control method, a battery management system, and an electronic device.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a battery charging control method, which includes applying at least one DC voltage pulse to the battery in response to the battery temperature being lower than a low temperature threshold and the battery being in a charging state. The DC voltage pulse has a pulse voltage higher than the battery's open-circuit voltage, a pulse current lower than the battery's pulse current threshold, a low temperature threshold lower than the battery's desired charging temperature, and a pulse current threshold corresponding to the battery's safe charging current.

[0007] Secondly, this application provides a battery management system, which includes a detection module and a logic judgment module. The detection module is used to detect the battery's state information, including the battery temperature. The logic judgment module is used to compare the battery temperature with a low-temperature threshold when the battery is in a charging state, and to generate a DC voltage pulse command when the battery temperature is lower than the low-temperature threshold. The DC voltage pulse command is used to drive a pulse control module to apply at least one DC voltage pulse to the battery. The pulse current of the DC voltage pulse is lower than the battery's pulse current threshold, the low-temperature threshold is lower than the battery's desired charging temperature, and the pulse current threshold corresponds to the battery's safe charging current.

[0008] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device including a lithium battery and a battery management system and / or processing component. The battery management system is the battery management system described in the second aspect. The processing component includes one or more processors and a memory, the memory storing at least one instruction. When the at least one instruction is executed by the processor, it performs the battery charging control method described in the first aspect in conjunction with the battery management system.

[0009] Based on the battery charging control method, battery management system, and electronic device provided in this application, the problem of lithium plating and limited charging speed of lithium-ion batteries under low-temperature conditions is addressed. When the battery temperature is below the low-temperature threshold, a high-voltage DC pulse can be applied to the battery to generate Joule heat using the battery's internal impedance, achieving rapid self-heating of the battery. Furthermore, to avoid lithium plating, the pulse voltage is ensured to be higher than the battery's open-circuit voltage and the pulse current to be lower than the safety threshold during the high-voltage DC pulse. Therefore, this application enables the battery to rapidly heat up to the safe charging temperature window under low-temperature conditions, thereby achieving rapid charging while avoiding the risk of lithium plating, significantly improving the battery's usability and safety under low-temperature conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in some embodiments of this application in a charging scenario.

[0012] Figure 2 This is an exemplary flowchart of a battery charging control method provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0013] Figure 3This is an exemplary flowchart of a DC voltage pulse control method provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0014] Figure 4 This is an exemplary flowchart of a DC voltage pulse control method based on pulse current provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0015] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the charging voltage and DC pulse voltage switching logic provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0016] Figure 6 This is a block diagram of an electronic device provided in some embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] Application Overview: To further illustrate the charging process of electronic devices containing lithium batteries, this application provides a schematic block diagram of a module for an electronic device in a charging scenario. Figure 1 ).

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, the electronic device 10 is an electrically driven device, which includes at least a battery management system 110 and a battery 120. The electronic device 10 can be a product containing a small lithium-ion battery, such as a mobile phone, laptop, power tool, or drone. Furthermore, larger devices containing large lithium-ion batteries (such as electric vehicles) can adaptably perform the methods provided in this application as needed.

[0020] A Battery Management System (BMS) is an electronic system used to monitor and manage rechargeable batteries, particularly lithium-ion batteries. The main functions of a BMS include monitoring key parameters such as battery voltage, current, and temperature; assessing the battery's state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH); and implementing charge / discharge control, equalization management, and safety protection.

[0021] Battery 120 can refer to a lithium-ion battery in a small device, with a nominal voltage (rated voltage) typically of 3.7V. This type of battery will be used as an example in the following explanation; for other types of lithium batteries, the methods provided in this application can be applied adaptably based on the specific circumstances. Specifically, taking a mobile phone battery as an example, lithium-ion batteries in mobile phones typically operate within a voltage range of 3.0V to 4.6V (and may even reach 4.7V or 4.8V with technological advancements), with capacities between 2000mAh and 10000mAh. Mobile phone lithium-ion batteries consist of basic components such as a positive electrode (usually lithium cobalt oxide, ternary materials, or lithium iron phosphate), a negative electrode (graphite), an electrolyte, and a separator, all encapsulated in a thin polymer casing. During mobile phone use, battery 120 stores and releases electrical energy through chemical reactions; its performance and lifespan are affected by factors such as temperature, charge / discharge rate, and usage habits.

[0022] In a charging scenario, the external power source 20 connects to the battery 120 via the battery management system 110, providing charging energy to the battery 120. The external power source 20 can refer to various charging devices, including but not limited to AC adapters, USB chargers, wireless chargers, and car chargers. The output voltage and current characteristics of the external power source 20 depend on the specific application scenario; for example, mobile phone chargers typically output DC power from 5V / 2A to 20V / 5A. The output characteristics of the external power source 20 must match the charging interface of the electronic device 10 and the control logic of the battery management system 110 to ensure a safe and efficient charging process.

[0023] When the external power supply 20 is connected to the charging port of the electronic device 10, the external power supply 20 can be connected to the battery 120 via the battery management system 110 through the internal circuitry of the electronic device 10. At this time, the external power supply 20 first connects to the power management chip through the charging port of the electronic device 10. This chip rectifies, filters, and performs preliminary voltage regulation on the input power supply, and then transmits the processed electrical energy to the battery management system 110. The battery management system 110, acting as an intermediate control unit, precisely regulates the input electrical energy through its internal power switching circuit and control logic before transmitting it to the battery 120. During this process, the battery management system 110 monitors the input voltage, current, and battery status in real time, and dynamically adjusts the charging parameters through its internal control algorithm to ensure the safety and efficiency of the charging process. In some embodiments, the electronic device 10 also includes a charging protection circuit to prevent abnormal conditions such as overvoltage, overcurrent, and short circuits, further enhancing the reliability of the system. Communication between the battery management system 110 and the external power supply 20 can be achieved through standard protocols (such as USB PD, Qi wireless charging protocol, etc.) to realize intelligent power distribution and charging status feedback.

[0024] During the aforementioned charging process, the battery management system 110 can control the charging current and voltage to allow lithium ions to be extracted from the positive electrode material and intercalated into the graphite layer of the negative electrode via the electrolyte, thereby achieving energy storage. This process needs to be carried out under appropriate temperature and voltage conditions to ensure the stability and safety of the lithium ion intercalation process. When the charging conditions are suitable, the system uses a larger charging current to shorten the charging time; when an abnormal situation is detected, the system will automatically adjust the charging parameters or stop charging to protect battery safety.

[0025] However, current battery management systems typically only possess basic charge and discharge control functions, failing to effectively address lithium plating issues that may arise during charging at low temperatures. When the battery temperature falls below the optimal charging temperature window, traditional systems can only prevent lithium plating by reducing the charging current, severely limiting battery usability in low-temperature environments. Specifically, at low temperatures, the electrolyte's ionic conductivity decreases, and the lithium-ion insertion kinetics in the graphite anode slow down, making it easier for lithium ions to be reduced to metallic lithium on the anode surface during charging. To avoid this risk, current technologies typically employ a low-current, slow charging strategy, but this significantly prolongs charging time and degrades the user experience.

[0026] To address the aforementioned issues, various battery heating methods exist to enable charging under standard conditions (e.g., 25°C): ① External heating (such as using a heating film or PTC element): This heating method has problems such as complex structure, low thermal efficiency, and uneven heating. It may take tens of minutes to heat from -20℃ to 10℃.

[0027] ② AC heating: This heating method requires an additional AC power supply or inverter circuit, which is costly and complex to control.

[0028] ③ High-frequency pulse self-heating: Although it utilizes the internal resistance of the battery to generate heat, the thermal efficiency is relatively low and it may accelerate battery aging.

[0029] In summary, the heating methods and low-temperature charging strategies (i.e., slow charging with low current) severely limit the battery's usability in low-temperature environments and cannot meet the fast charging requirements of modern electronic devices. These shortcomings make it difficult to simultaneously achieve both safety and speed in battery charging at low temperatures.

[0030] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a battery charging control method. Specifically, addressing the issue of lithium plating in lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures, which limits charging speed, this application applies a high-voltage DC pulse to the battery when the battery temperature is below a low-temperature threshold. This utilizes the battery's internal impedance to generate Joule heat, achieving rapid self-heating of the battery. Furthermore, to prevent lithium plating, the high-voltage DC pulse ensures that the pulse voltage is higher than the battery's open-circuit voltage and the pulse current is lower than a safety threshold. This allows the battery to rapidly warm up to a safe charging temperature window at low temperatures, achieving rapid charging while avoiding the risk of lithium plating, significantly improving the battery's usability and safety in low-temperature environments.

[0031] exist Figure 1 In the aforementioned electronic device 10, the battery charging control method described above can be integrated into the battery management system 110, thereby enabling the electronic device 10, which is equipped with the battery management system 110, to implement the battery charging control method provided in this application.

[0032] When integrating the battery charging control method of this application, the battery management system 110 can form a detection module 111 and a logic judgment module 112. The detection module 111 and the logic judgment module 112 can be virtual modules of the battery management system 110 based on processing logic, or they can be integrated into the battery management system 110 as IP cores.

[0033] The detection module 111 can be used to detect battery status information, especially battery temperature. At the physical level, this module can utilize the existing temperature sensor, voltage and current detection circuit of the battery management system 110, and process the sensor data through specific software algorithms to achieve accurate monitoring of battery temperature.

[0034] The logic judgment module 112 can be used to compare the detected battery temperature with a preset low temperature threshold, and generate a DC voltage pulse command when the temperature is lower than the threshold. In some embodiments, when the battery is in a charging state, the logic judgment module 112 continuously compares the battery temperature with the low temperature threshold, and once it detects that the temperature is lower than the threshold, it immediately generates a corresponding DC voltage pulse command to drive the pulse control module to apply a DC voltage pulse to the battery.

[0035] Based on the aforementioned two modules, when the battery temperature is below the low-temperature threshold, at least one DC voltage pulse can be applied to the battery 120 via the pulse control module 130 of the electronic device 10. The pulse control module 130 can be part of the battery management system 110 or a separate hardware unit.

[0036] In addition, similar to the pulse control module 130, the detection module 111 and the logic judgment module 112 can also be integrated into the electronic device 10, and the battery charging control method provided in this application can be realized through interaction with the battery management system 110.

[0037] It should be noted that, regardless of the specific integration of the detection module 111, the logic judgment module 112, and the pulse control module 130, their implementation can be basically based on the existing data / control logic of the battery management system 110. No large-scale hardware modifications are required; new functions can be achieved simply through software upgrades.

[0038] The following is combined Figures 2-5 The battery charging control method provided in this application is described in detail.

[0039] Exemplary battery charging control method: As described above, the battery charging control method provided in this application can achieve battery self-heating through DC voltage pulses at low temperatures. Specifically, it can apply at least one DC voltage pulse to the battery in response to the battery temperature falling below a low-temperature threshold and the battery being in a charging state. The aforementioned process is described based on its control results; however, it can also be transformed into a condition-triggered control process during execution.

[0040] To further illustrate this process, this application also provides an exemplary flowchart of a battery charging control method ( Figure 2 ).

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the battery charging control method P200 may include the following steps: S210: In response to the battery being in a charging state, the battery temperature is detected.

[0042] S220, In response to the battery temperature being below a low temperature threshold, apply at least one DC voltage pulse to the battery.

[0043] In the aforementioned S210, the charging state refers to the state in which the battery is receiving electrical energy from an external power source to increase its charge. In some embodiments, this application can identify the charging state by the connection status between the external power source and the battery management system. Furthermore, the charging state in the aforementioned S210 is only a triggering condition for the battery charging control method provided by this application; the battery charging control method of this application can be triggered as long as charging is not completed.

[0044] Battery temperature refers to the actual temperature of the lithium-ion battery itself. Battery temperature is usually obtained by a temperature sensor installed on or inside the battery casing. It should accurately reflect the actual temperature state of the electrochemical reaction zone inside the battery so that the system can make the correct heating decision, thereby avoiding the risk of lithium plating or unnecessary heating due to temperature misjudgment.

[0045] When S210 is executed, it can be periodically executed during the charging state to monitor the battery temperature in real time and determine that it is at an optimal charging temperature. For example, after executing the charging control method provided in this application, if the battery temperature drops again due to ambient temperature before charging is completed, this will also be detected by the periodic execution of S210, thereby triggering S220 to achieve self-heating again. In addition, S210 is executed at least once when the battery enters the charging state.

[0046] In the aforementioned S220, the low temperature threshold refers to a preset temperature value. When the battery temperature is lower than this value, the self-heating mechanism needs to be activated. It is usually lower than the battery's expected charging temperature, so that the battery can activate self-heating when it is not at the expected charging temperature, and provide a suitable charging temperature for charging (such as the aforementioned expected charging temperature).

[0047] The desired charging temperature generally refers to the optimal temperature range within which a battery can be safely and quickly charged. It typically represents a safe charging temperature / temperature window that significantly improves battery kinetic performance. Within the desired charging temperature, the battery can be safely and quickly charged without the risk of lithium plating associated with low-temperature charging.

[0048] The desired charging temperature is generally determined based on the actual properties of the battery and conventional settings. In some embodiments, for most consumer electronics products, the desired charging temperature of the internal battery is set to 25°C. In some embodiments, the aforementioned desired charging temperature can be presented as a temperature range (also called a window), such as 15°C to 30°C, in which case both the desired charging temperature and the low-temperature threshold can be configured based on this temperature range. For example, the desired charging temperature can be 30°C, and the low-temperature threshold can be 23°C. In some embodiments, the desired charging temperature is also dynamically adjusted according to the battery chemistry. For example, 25°C for LCO (lithium cobalt oxide) system and 20°C for LFP (lithium iron phosphate) system, meaning the desired charging temperature threshold for the LCO system is greater than that for the LFP system.

[0049] Based on the aforementioned desired charging temperature, the aforementioned low-temperature threshold can be selected as a temperature value that is not higher than the desired charging temperature, depending on actual needs. For example, the low-temperature threshold can be equal to the desired charging temperature (e.g., 25°C) / its minimum window value (e.g., 15°C), so that the battery can start self-heating before the desired charging temperature, thereby so that the battery is at or close to the desired charging temperature after self-heating.

[0050] In some embodiments, the aforementioned comparison of battery temperature with a low-temperature threshold can be performed after each battery temperature is collected, so that subsequent steps can be automatically executed under the condition of self-heating.

[0051] A DC voltage pulse is a discontinuous transient voltage signal based on a DC level. Specifically, within one cycle, the voltage of a DC voltage pulse rapidly jumps from a reference level to a higher level (pulse amplitude), remains there for a period of time (pulse width), and then quickly falls back to the reference level.

[0052] A DC voltage pulse can include a pulse phase and a rest phase. During the pulse phase, a pulse voltage is applied to the battery terminals, and during the rest phase, no voltage is applied to the battery. The duration of the pulse phase is denoted as the pulse duration (e.g., 10-30 seconds), and the duration of the rest phase is denoted as the rest time after the pulse (e.g., 0-5 seconds). That is, the battery is not subjected to a DC voltage pulse during the rest time.

[0053] When the aforementioned DC voltage pulse is applied, during the pulse phase, a pulse voltage is applied to both ends of the battery. The high pulse voltage is higher than the battery's open-circuit voltage, generating a significant electrochemical driving force within the battery, driving lithium ions to migrate rapidly between the positive and negative electrodes. At this time, when a large current passes through the battery's internal impedance (including ohmic resistance and polarization resistance), heat is generated according to Joule's law. This heat is generated directly inside the battery, achieving uniform and rapid heating from the inside out. This internal self-heating method avoids the problems of long heat conduction paths and low thermal efficiency in traditional external heating methods, rapidly increasing the battery's internal temperature and improving the migration kinetics of lithium ions at low temperatures. During the rest phase, the ion concentration and temperature field inside the battery tend to be balanced, avoiding excessive concentration polarization. The rest period allows the battery management system sufficient time to accurately measure the battery state (voltage, temperature), providing a basis for subsequent decision-making and ensuring precise control of subsequent pulse parameters and safe system operation (i.e., the aforementioned S210 can be executed during each rest period).

[0054] The key parameters for the aforementioned DC voltage pulse during execution include the pulse voltage, pulse duration, and rest time.

[0055] Pulse voltage refers to the instantaneous potential difference applied across the battery terminals, which remains relatively stable during the pulse. Based on its electrochemical principle, the pulse voltage should be greater than the battery's current open-circuit voltage to drive the effective current and generate heat. Its specific value can be selected according to the battery's safe voltage range. For controlled stability, the pulse voltage can be kept constant throughout the self-heating process while remaining within the safe voltage range. For example, for a battery with a nominal voltage (rated voltage) typically 3.7V, its pulse voltage can be 3.8V to 5.0V, preferably 4.4V to 4.7V. Furthermore, this data can be configured based on the battery's actual open-circuit voltage, generally ensuring that it is greater than the open-circuit voltage before heating.

[0056] In some embodiments, considering the differences in electrochemical systems of different batteries, the pulse voltage can also be configured according to different electrochemical systems. This configuration process mainly considers the electrolyte decomposition voltage, i.e., the pulse voltage should be lower than the electrolyte decomposition voltage of the battery. Since the electrolyte decomposition voltage differs for batteries with different electrochemical systems, the pulse voltage values ​​will vary. For example, for the aforementioned 3.7V battery, considering the electrolyte decomposition voltage, the pulse voltage range for the LCO (lithium cobalt oxide) system is 4V~4.7V, preferably 4.2~4.55V. The pulse voltage range for the NCM (nickel-cobalt-manganese) system is 4V~4.5V, preferably 4.2~4.44V. The pulse voltage range for the LFP (lithium iron phosphate) system is 3.5V~4V, preferably 3.7~3.95V.

[0057] The pulse duration and rest time are primarily configured based on the thermal effect. To generate a sufficient thermal effect, a minimum pulse duration (e.g., >5 seconds) can be tested to ensure adequate heat generation. Simultaneously, for safety considerations, a maximum pulse duration (e.g., <60 seconds) can be tested to avoid localized overheating and lithium plating. Similarly, regarding the rest time, considering the monitoring by the battery management system, there should be at least a rest time (i.e., >0 seconds), while a maximum rest time (<10 seconds) exists to avoid excessive reduction in heating efficiency.

[0058] Therefore, for the aforementioned 3.7V battery, the pulse duration can range from 5 to 60 seconds, and the rest time can range from 0 to 10 seconds. Preferably, the pulse duration can range from 10 to 30 seconds, and the rest time can range from 1 to 5 seconds.

[0059] Furthermore, the pulse current, as a current generated in response to the pulse voltage, plays a crucial role in the electrochemical reaction process of lithium-ion batteries, and its amplitude also affects lithium plating. To ensure battery safety and avoid lithium plating or other abnormalities caused by excessive current, the pulse current during DC voltage pulses can be less than a pulse current threshold. This pulse current threshold can be a current threshold determined based on battery safety, reflecting the battery's safe charging current. For example, the pulse current threshold can be determined based on the battery's safe charging current. Alternatively, it can be determined using other indicators that reflect the battery's safe charging current. Therefore, keeping the pulse current below the pulse current threshold ensures that the battery's current remains within a safe range during the pulse process.

[0060] For example, the pulse current threshold can be characterized by the charging rate under safe conditions. The charging rate (C-rate) is a core indicator for measuring battery charging speed; it represents the ratio of charging current to the battery's rated capacity. For example, 1C means a full charge in 1 hour, 0.5C in 2 hours, and 12C in 5 minutes.

[0061] Therefore, the upper limit of the current amplitude during charging can be determined based on the battery's capacity and the charging rate under safe conditions, thereby configuring the pulse current threshold. In some embodiments, the charging rate of the battery under safe conditions can be 2C to 5C, preferably 2.5C to 3C. For more details on the specific values ​​of the pulse current threshold, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 The details and related content will not be elaborated here.

[0062] In actual monitoring, to ensure battery safety, the aforementioned pulse current can be characterized as the peak current during the pulse process, thereby regulating the pulse process. For example, after an actual DC voltage pulse, the battery current will gradually increase. When it reaches the pulse current threshold, the application of the DC voltage pulse can be stopped, and a rest period can be initiated to avoid lithium plating.

[0063] When executing the aforementioned S220, it can be executed automatically after the triggering conditions are met. The specific control process can be open-loop control (i.e., automatically determining multiple DC voltage pulses based on the temperature difference to bring the battery to the desired charging temperature) or closed-loop control (such as negative feedback control based on battery temperature to stop self-heating at the desired charging temperature). As mentioned earlier, S220 can generally be triggered at the start of charging and, after at least one self-heating cycle, triggered again when the battery meets the triggering requirements again, to ensure the battery temperature throughout the charging process. After completing the self-heating of S220, the battery can undergo normal charging (e.g., replenishing energy through constant current and constant voltage stages). The specific charging process can be found in the relevant descriptions and will not be elaborated here.

[0064] In some embodiments, there may be a certain temperature difference between the aforementioned low-temperature threshold and the desired charging temperature, so as to provide a certain temperature redundancy after self-heating to avoid repeated initiation of the aforementioned pulse process. For details, please refer to... Figure 5 The details and related descriptions will not be elaborated here.

[0065] In summary, based on the aforementioned battery charging control method P200, which addresses the issues of lithium plating and limited charging speed in lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures, P200 applies a high-voltage DC pulse to the battery when the battery temperature is below the low-temperature threshold. This utilizes the battery's internal impedance to generate Joule heat, achieving rapid self-heating of the battery. Furthermore, to prevent lithium plating, P200 ensures that the pulse voltage is higher than the battery's open-circuit voltage and the pulse current is lower than the safety threshold during the high-voltage DC pulse. Therefore, P200 enables the battery to rapidly warm up to the safe charging temperature window in low-temperature environments, achieving rapid charging while avoiding the risk of lithium plating, significantly improving the battery's usability and safety in low-temperature environments.

[0066] Furthermore, it should be noted that in actual execution, the aforementioned P200 can be specifically characterized by its execution result as "in response to the battery temperature being lower than the low temperature threshold and the battery being in a charging state, at least one DC voltage pulse is applied to the battery". That is, when the battery itself is charging at a low temperature, the battery does not charge directly, but uses a DC voltage pulse to achieve self-heating.

[0067] In some embodiments, considering the varying risks of lithium plating at different stages of battery charging, the aforementioned low-temperature threshold can be adjusted based on the battery state to more easily trigger it during high-risk stages. Specifically, during lithium battery charging, low-temperature lithium plating is most likely to occur during the constant current charging (CC) stage, especially at high SOC (e.g., above 80%). Therefore, the aforementioned low-temperature threshold can be configured with a higher value (e.g., 25°C) at the corresponding SOC to minimize the impact of battery temperature on lithium plating during high-risk stages. Furthermore, the aforementioned pulse current threshold can be further configured with a smaller value during this stage to minimize the risk of lithium plating. The high SOC state with high lithium plating risk can be identified based on open-circuit voltage, i.e., the open-circuit voltage at high SOC can be identified (e.g., at 80% SOC, approximately 3.4V or higher for LFP batteries and approximately 4.0V or higher for NCM batteries). When the actual open-circuit voltage of the battery exceeds this pre-configured voltage value, the aforementioned easier-to-trigger low-temperature threshold and the more stringent pulse current threshold are activated.

[0068] Based on the aforementioned settings, during actual charging, if the battery temperature is high (e.g., 24°C), heating may not be activated during the low to medium SOC stage (where the low temperature threshold is 23°C), but will only activate self-heating during the high SOC stage (where the low temperature threshold is 25°C). Furthermore, based on the aforementioned principle, battery temperature checks and self-heating can also be performed only when there is a high risk of lithium plating.

[0069] Exemplary DC voltage pulse control method: As mentioned above, the battery charging control method provided in this application can detect the battery status during the rest period between DC voltage pulses through the battery management system during the application of DC voltage pulses, which provides an accurate decision basis for the next DC voltage pulse / switching state.

[0070] To further illustrate this point, this application provides an exemplary flowchart of a DC voltage pulse control method ( Figure 3 ).

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, the DC voltage pulse control method P300 may include the following steps: S310. During the rest period of at least one DC voltage pulse, detect the battery's resting state information.

[0072] S320: Control at least one DC voltage pulse based on rest state information and / or pulse state information.

[0073] The definition and selection of the resting time in S310 above have been explained in detail in P200 and will not be repeated here. Status information refers to parameters reflecting the current operating state of the battery, including but not limited to temperature and open-circuit voltage. In principle, status information generally refers to information that can be directly collected by the battery management system or indirectly calculated based on the collected results. It should include all key parameters affecting heating decisions, so that the system can comprehensively assess the battery state and make optimal decisions, thereby improving heating efficiency and safety.

[0074] In some embodiments, the status information includes battery temperature, open-circuit voltage, and internal resistance. In other embodiments, the status information includes battery temperature, open-circuit voltage, SOC (state of charge, also known as current battery capacity), and health status. In other embodiments, the status information includes battery temperature distribution, voltage distribution, and current distribution. In other embodiments, the status information includes battery temperature, open-circuit voltage, and ambient temperature. In still other embodiments, the status information includes battery temperature, open-circuit voltage, and internal pressure.

[0075] The aforementioned resting state information refers to battery state information collected during the resting period. During this period, the battery's electrochemical state tends to stabilize, allowing for the detection of relatively stable battery data. For example, the real-time terminal voltage at this time can reflect the battery's real-time open-circuit voltage.

[0076] In executing the aforementioned S310, the aforementioned S310 can be implemented through the battery management system. Specifically, the corresponding status information can be collected through the battery management system after the battery status stabilizes.

[0077] In the aforementioned S320, based on the aforementioned control logic, the DC voltage pulse can be adjusted after the status information is collected. For example, the battery temperature can be monitored to determine whether to switch to charging mode. Specifically, the control process of S320 itself can cover all the detections that should be performed during the pulse process.

[0078] As an example only, the aforementioned S320 may further include the following steps: S321, control at least one DC voltage pulse based on pulse current.

[0079] S322, control at least one DC voltage pulse based on real-time terminal voltage and cutoff voltage.

[0080] S323, control at least one DC voltage pulse based on battery temperature.

[0081] In step S321 above, controlling at least one DC voltage pulse based on pulse current is mainly used to regulate the pulse current during the pulse process, ensuring it remains below the pulse current threshold. In this step, the pulse current and its threshold can be determined based on the detected state information (such as battery internal resistance and open-circuit voltage in resting state information, and peak current in pulse state information), and then compared. Following the aforementioned constant voltage control concept, controlling at least one DC voltage pulse based on pulse current can be used to control the pulse duration or its related parameters to adjust the pulse current. For more information on monitoring pulse current, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 And its related descriptions.

[0082] In S322, the real-time terminal voltage refers to the measured value of the battery's terminal voltage at the current moment. It can be used as status information in the aforementioned S310 or acquired during the pulse phase. In the resting state information, the battery's terminal voltage relaxes from the load voltage to a stable value closer to the open-circuit voltage (OCV). During the pulse phase, the real-time terminal voltage is the battery's load voltage, including the battery's internal ohmic voltage drop, polarization voltage, etc. It is used for real-time safety monitoring (preventing overvoltage) and sometimes for calculating the battery's dynamic internal resistance.

[0083] As a crucial indicator of battery safety, the cutoff voltage, along with the real-time terminal voltage, controls the battery's state of charge. The cutoff voltage can be a preset value configured for the real-time terminal voltage to stop DC voltage pulses. For the real-time terminal voltage in the aforementioned resting state information, the cutoff voltage can be configured based on the open-circuit voltage threshold (e.g., 4.0V) for each state of charge, preventing pulses when the battery has reached a high capacity (but the environment has cooled down), thus protecting battery safety. Conversely, for the real-time terminal voltage in the aforementioned pulse state information, the cutoff voltage can be configured based on the electrochemical system, indicating the safe critical voltage value at which the battery electrolyte begins to decompose. This allows the system to stop heating before the voltage approaches a dangerous level, preventing battery damage and safety hazards.

[0084] In some embodiments, the cutoff voltage for the real-time terminal voltage during the aforementioned pulse phase can be set between 3.8V and 4.6V, preferably between 4.0V and 4.4V. The specific value can be configured according to the electrochemical system. For example, for LCO system batteries, the cutoff voltage range can be 3.8V to 4.6V, preferably 4.0V to 4.45V. For NCM system batteries, the cutoff voltage range can be 3.8V to 4.4V, preferably 4.0V to 4.35V. For LFP system batteries, the cutoff voltage range can be 3.5V to 4.2V, preferably 3.6V to 3.9V.

[0085] In some embodiments, the aforementioned cutoff voltage is dynamically adjusted according to the degree of battery aging, with a lower threshold value used for aged batteries. Furthermore, the cutoff voltage is dynamically adjusted according to the ambient temperature, with a lower threshold value used in high-temperature environments.

[0086] In executing the aforementioned S322, the pulse can be controlled based on the comparison between the real-time terminal voltage and the cutoff voltage, enabling the battery control system to stop heating in time before the voltage reaches a dangerous level, thereby ensuring battery safety. In some embodiments, when the real-time terminal voltage is detected to reach 95% of the cutoff voltage, the system begins to reduce the pulse voltage to smoothly stop heating. In other embodiments, the system monitors the rate of change of the terminal voltage in real time, and stops heating in advance when the rate of change exceeds a threshold. In still other embodiments, when the real-time terminal voltage is greater than the cutoff voltage, the system immediately stops the DC voltage pulse.

[0087] In the aforementioned S323, the battery temperature is generally selected from the resting state information to determine the temperature under steady-state conditions, thereby determining whether to continue heating. This process can generally be executed based on the desired charging temperature, so that a charging voltage is applied to the battery when the desired charging temperature is reached. The charging voltage here only reflects that the battery is in a normal charging state, and the specific value can be determined according to the charging stage of the battery, which will not be elaborated here. For the transition between the two states of pulse and charging based on battery temperature, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 And its related descriptions.

[0088] In some embodiments, a rest period can also be set after the aforementioned self-heating is completed and the charging phase begins, in order to stabilize the electrochemical properties of the battery.

[0089] Furthermore, considering that the self-heating of the battery during the pulse phase can generally be balanced by the rest phase, the time setting of the aforementioned rest phase can also be configured as a whole based on the adjustment requirements of the pulse. The rest phase and the pulse phase can form a complete pulse cycle. To adjust the heating power, the frequency of the DC voltage pulse is adjustable between 0.01Hz and 1Hz. Therefore, by adjusting the pulse frequency (i.e., the number of pulses per unit time), the average heating power can be controlled to adapt to different low-temperature levels and heating rate requirements.

[0090] It should be noted that while the aforementioned P300 may contain complex decision-making logic, in actual execution, it generally only needs to detect status information within the pause period to automatically trigger various decision-making and adjustment logics. In other words, in practical applications, the P300 can be characterized as data acquisition during the pause period.

[0091] Exemplary pulse current monitoring method: As mentioned above, the battery charging control method provided in this application requires precise control of the pulse current to ensure safety during the application of a DC voltage pulse. To achieve this function, this application provides an exemplary flowchart of a DC voltage pulse control method based on pulse current (…). Figure 4 ).

[0092] like Figure 4 As shown, the DC voltage pulse control method P400 based on pulse current may include the following steps: S410, Determine the pulse current and the pulse current threshold.

[0093] S420 adopts a constant voltage current limiting strategy to control at least one DC voltage pulse based on pulse current and pulse current threshold.

[0094] In the aforementioned S410, the pulse current refers to the controlled current value flowing through the battery during a DC voltage pulse. Due to the constant voltage current limiting control mode, it is essential to ensure that the actual current remains below the safety threshold to avoid the risk of low-temperature lithium plating. As mentioned earlier, the aforementioned pulse current threshold can be characterized by the charging rate.

[0095] In the actual execution of S410, the aforementioned pulse current can be determined based on the peak current of the aforementioned pulse state information, while the aforementioned pulse current threshold can be configured based on the idle state information. The pulse current threshold refers to controlling the upper limit of the pulse current to ensure it does not exceed the safe charging current of the battery in its current state. It should dynamically reflect the battery's current safe charging capability, enabling the system to adjust the heating intensity according to the real-time battery status, thereby ensuring heating efficiency while avoiding the risk of lithium plating.

[0096] In some embodiments, considering that the battery's safe charging current is often configured based on the battery's standard charging conditions (e.g., 25°C), the corresponding pulse current threshold can be adjusted based on different usage states. That is, the pulse current threshold is represented as the product of a mapping coefficient and the battery's maximum safe charging current under normal temperature conditions. The mapping coefficient indicates the conversion factor from the normal temperature charging scenario to the safe current under the current scenario, and is negatively correlated with temperature.

[0097] Considering that the aforementioned pulse current is a peak current applied only during the pulse phase, its equivalent current is generally less than this value. Therefore, the aforementioned maximum safe charging current can compensate for this situation during scenario switching, so that the conversion coefficient from charging scenario to pulse scenario under the same conditions is greater than 1. For example, if both are performed at 25°C, the pulse current threshold of the pulse phase / the current threshold of the charging phase can be greater than 1 (e.g., 1.5).

[0098] Overall, the mapping coefficient can be selected from 0.5 to 1.5 and configured specifically based on the battery temperature. This battery temperature can be the battery temperature detected during the previous rest period or the battery temperature updated during the pulse phase.

[0099] In addition to the pulse current threshold configured based on the maximum safe charging current, as described above, it can also be calculated based on the battery's current internal resistance. In some embodiments, the pulse current threshold can be determined based on the battery's theoretical maximum current in the current state, where the theoretical maximum current is the quotient of the difference between the pulse voltage (Vm) and the battery's current open-circuit voltage (Vocv) and the battery's current internal resistance (R-internal). That is, the theoretical maximum current is = (Vm - Vocv) / R-internal.

[0100] In some embodiments, the battery internal resistance varies at different temperatures and SOC levels. To ensure safety in different scenarios, the aforementioned pulse current threshold can be the product of the threshold adjustment coefficient (A) and the theoretical maximum current. That is, pulse current threshold (I-limit) = A × (Vm - Vocv) / R-internal.

[0101] In practical configurations, internal resistance directly affects the voltage drop and heat generation of the battery during charging. Therefore, it is necessary to dynamically adjust the threshold adjustment coefficient of the current limit based on the internal resistance. The results show that the threshold adjustment coefficient is positively correlated with the current internal resistance. Therefore, for low internal resistance, a smaller A (e.g., 0.2-0.6) must be used, essentially applying an additional safety derating factor to limit the current to a more conservative and safer level, preventing battery damage due to overcurrent. High internal resistance itself limits the current. Under the same voltage margin, the calculated theoretical maximum current is already low. High internal resistance typically occurs under low temperature or low SOC conditions. At this time, the ion migration and reaction kinetics of the battery slow down, and the internal resistance increases significantly. That is, the denominator R-internal of the formula is very large, and even if A is taken as a high value (e.g., 0.6-1.0), the absolute value of the calculated I-limit will not be very large. At the same time, the large voltage drop (I×R) caused by high internal resistance will "eat up" a portion of the external voltage, reducing the effective voltage acting on the electrode reaction, which itself helps to reduce the risk of side reactions such as lithium plating. Therefore, for high internal resistance conditions, the voltage margin can be made more fully utilized, and a larger A can be used to bring the charging current close to the theoretical maximum value, thereby improving the charging speed or efficiency within a safe range.

[0102] As an example only, taking the aforementioned 3.7V small lithium battery as an example, when R-internal ≤ 40 milliohms, A = 0.2~0.6, and when R-internal > 40 milliohms, A = 0.6~1.0.

[0103] In some embodiments, the aforementioned two pulse current thresholds can be configured according to actual calculation accuracy requirements. For example, only one pulse current threshold can be selected. Alternatively, two pulse current thresholds can be selected and combined to obtain the final pulse current threshold.

[0104] To further illustrate this process, the aforementioned S410 may also include the following steps: S411. Determine the first current threshold based on the theoretical maximum current of the battery in the current state.

[0105] S412. Determine the second current threshold based on the mapping coefficient and the maximum safe charging current of the battery under normal temperature conditions.

[0106] S413. Determine the pulse current threshold based on the first current threshold and the second current threshold.

[0107] The first current threshold can be the pulse current threshold determined by the formula I-limit = A × (Vm - Vocv) / R-internal, while the second current threshold can be the pulse current threshold determined by the charging rate. In actual execution, S411 and S412 can be updated during each pause time, and S413 is executed to use their minimum value as the pulse current threshold for subsequent pulse phases.

[0108] In the aforementioned S420, the Constant Voltage with Current Limit (CV / CC) strategy is a battery control mode that combines constant voltage (CV) and constant current (CC) states. In this strategy / mode, the power supply is set to two targets: ① Voltage target: the pulse voltage is set and maintained at Vm (e.g., a relatively high pulse voltage). ② Current target: the pulse current is set with an upper limit (i.e., a pulse current threshold) as a safety protection value.

[0109] Based on the constant voltage and current limiting strategy, the battery control system prioritizes outputting the set pulse voltage Vm. Simultaneously, it monitors the pulse current in real time. As long as the pulse current is below the pulse current threshold, the battery control system operates in constant voltage (CV) mode, with the pulse voltage stabilized at Vm. If changes in battery conditions cause the pulse current to reach the pulse current threshold, the battery control system automatically switches from constant voltage mode to constant current (CC) mode. In this mode, it reduces the pulse voltage to ensure the pulse current is precisely clamped at the pulse current threshold, preventing further increases until the pulse is complete. The specific implementation of the aforementioned constant voltage and current limiting strategy can be found in relevant technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0110] Exemplary method for switching charging voltage and DC pulse voltage: As mentioned above, the battery charging control method provided in this application achieves battery self-heating through DC voltage pulses in low-temperature environments, and needs to switch to normal charging state after the battery temperature reaches a safe range. To achieve this function, this application provides an exemplary schematic diagram of a charging voltage and DC pulse voltage switching method (…). Figure 5 ).

[0111] like Figure 5 As shown, the charging voltage and DC pulse voltage switching method includes two states: charging voltage state 510 and DC pulse voltage state 520, as well as switching judgment logic S530 and S540 between the two states.

[0112] State of charge voltage 510 refers to the state in which a charging voltage is applied to the battery when the battery temperature is higher than the desired charging temperature. The charging voltage is a voltage value used for normal charging and should provide an appropriate charging current to achieve fast charging while avoiding the risk of overcharging, allowing the battery to quickly recover its energy within a safe range. In some embodiments, the charging voltage is the battery's nominal voltage, such as 3.7V. In other embodiments, the charging voltage is a constant value determined according to the battery chemistry. In still other embodiments, the charging voltage is multi-stage and dynamically adjusted according to the battery's state of charge (SOC). The desired charging temperature refers to the optimal temperature range within which the battery can be safely and quickly charged. It should be a safe charging temperature window that significantly improves the battery's kinetic performance, allowing the battery to be safely and quickly charged, thereby improving charging efficiency and battery safety.

[0113] The DC pulse voltage of 520 refers to the state of maintaining a voltage applied to the battery while the battery temperature is above the low-temperature threshold but below the desired charging temperature. The low-temperature threshold is a preset temperature value. When the battery temperature is below this value, a self-heating mechanism needs to be activated. It should be set below the temperature point where the battery begins to show a significant risk of lithium plating, so that the system can activate self-heating in time before lithium plating occurs, thereby avoiding capacity decay and safety hazards caused by low-temperature lithium plating.

[0114] S530 is a determination condition used to determine whether a battery has entered the DC pulse voltage 520. This determination step should also be performed on batteries that have begun charging, in addition to those in the charging voltage state 510. For example... Figure 5 As shown, S530 determines whether the battery temperature is below the low temperature threshold. If so, the state switches to DC pulse voltage 520; otherwise, the charging voltage state is maintained 510.

[0115] Similar to S530 mentioned above, S540 is a determination condition for whether to enter the charging voltage state 510, and it can generally be executed during the rest period. Figure 5As shown, S540 determines whether the battery temperature is higher than the desired charging temperature. If so, the state jumps to the charging voltage state 510; otherwise, the DC pulse voltage is maintained at 520.

[0116] Based on the foregoing, it is expected that there can be a temperature difference between the charging temperature and the low temperature threshold. Considering that this temperature difference has not been processed, the battery under this temperature difference should maintain its current state until the aforementioned state switching of S530 or S540 is triggered.

[0117] Therefore, from the perspective of results, based on Figure 5 The state switching logic of this application can be presented in the following three states: First, in response to the battery temperature being below a low-temperature threshold and the battery being in a charging state, at least one DC voltage pulse is applied to the battery. Second, in response to the battery temperature being above a desired charging temperature and the battery being in a charging state, a charging voltage is applied to the battery. Third, in response to the period when the battery temperature is above the low-temperature threshold but below the desired charging temperature, the voltage applied to the battery is maintained. Furthermore, in conjunction with the aforementioned cutoff voltage, it can also include: in response to the real-time terminal voltage of the battery being greater than the cutoff voltage, stopping the DC voltage pulse.

[0118] Exemplary electronic devices and computer-readable storage media As mentioned above Figure 1 As shown, the battery charging control method provided in this application can be integrated into the battery control system or directly integrated into an electronic device. To illustrate this, this application also provides an internal module block diagram of an electronic device.

[0119] Figure 6 This is a block diagram of an electronic device 600 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0120] Reference Figure 6 The electronic device 600 includes a processing component 610, which further includes one or more processors, and memory resources represented by a memory 620 for storing instructions executable by the processing component 610, such as application programs. The application programs stored in the memory 620 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. Furthermore, the processing component 610 is configured to execute instructions to perform the aforementioned battery charging control method. Specifically, it may generate control instructions for the battery control system or drive signals for the battery to implement the battery charging control method provided in this application.

[0121] Electronic device 600 may also include a power supply component configured to perform power management of electronic device 600, a wired or wireless network interface configured to connect electronic device 600 to a network, and an input / output (I / O) interface. Electronic device 600 may operate based on an operating system stored in memory 620, such as Windows Server™, Mac OSX™, Unix™, Linux™, FreeBSD™, or similar.

[0122] A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein when instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor of the electronic device 600, the electronic device 600 is enabled to perform a battery charging control method.

[0123] All of the above-mentioned optional technical solutions can be combined in any way to form the optional embodiments of this application, and will not be described in detail here.

[0124] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0125] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0126] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0127] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0128] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0129] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program verification codes, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0130] It should be noted that in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0131] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery charging control method, characterized in that, include: In response to the battery temperature being below a low temperature threshold and the battery being in a charging state, at least one DC voltage pulse is applied to the battery; Wherein, the pulse voltage of the DC voltage pulse is higher than the open circuit voltage of the battery, the pulse current of the DC voltage pulse is lower than the pulse current threshold of the battery, the low temperature threshold is lower than the desired charging temperature of the battery, and the pulse current threshold corresponds to the safe charging current of the battery.

2. The battery charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse current threshold is determined based on the theoretical maximum current of the battery in the current state, which is the quotient of the difference between the pulse voltage and the current open-circuit voltage of the battery and the current internal resistance of the battery.

3. The battery charging control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pulse current threshold is the product of the threshold adjustment coefficient and the theoretical maximum current; Wherein, the threshold adjustment coefficient is not greater than 1 and is positively correlated with the current internal resistance of the battery; Preferably, the pulse current threshold satisfies the following requirements: I-limit = A × (Vm - Vocv) / R-internal; where I-limit is the pulse current threshold, A is the threshold adjustment coefficient, Vm is the pulse voltage, Vocv is the current open-circuit voltage of the battery, and R-internal is the current internal resistance of the battery. The threshold adjustment coefficient A < 1; Preferably, when R-internal ≤ 40 milliohms, A = 0.2~0.6; when R-internal > 40 milliohms, A = 0.6~1.

0.

4. The battery charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse current threshold is the product of the mapping coefficient and the maximum safe charging current of the battery under normal temperature conditions. The mapping coefficient indicates the conversion coefficient from the charging scenario under normal temperature conditions to the safe current under the current scenario. It is negatively correlated with temperature, and the conversion coefficient from the charging scenario to the pulse scenario under the same conditions is greater than 1. Preferably, the pulse current threshold satisfies the following requirements: I-limit = X × I-max; where I-limit is the pulse current threshold, X is the mapping coefficient, and I-max is the maximum safe charging current of the battery under normal temperature conditions. Preferably, the mapping coefficient X has a value of 0.5 to 1.5 and is negatively correlated with temperature.

5. The battery charging control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The battery charging control method further includes: A constant voltage current limiting strategy is adopted to control the at least one DC voltage pulse based on the pulse current and the pulse current threshold.

6. The battery charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: During the rest period of the at least one DC voltage pulse, the rest state information of the battery is detected, wherein the rest state information includes battery temperature and battery open circuit voltage, and the battery is not subjected to the DC voltage pulse during the rest period.

7. The battery charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to the real-time terminal voltage of the battery being greater than the cutoff voltage, the DC voltage pulse is stopped, wherein the cutoff voltage indicates the electrolyte decomposition voltage threshold of the battery, the electrolyte decomposition voltage threshold being determined based on the chemical system of the battery.

8. The battery charging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: In response to the battery temperature being greater than the desired charging temperature and the battery being in a charging state, a charging voltage is applied to the battery; The voltage applied to the battery is maintained during a period when the battery temperature is greater than the low temperature threshold but less than the desired charging temperature.

9. A battery management system, characterized in that, include: A detection module is used to detect the battery's status information, wherein the status information includes battery temperature; and The logic judgment module is used to compare the battery temperature with a low temperature threshold when the battery is in a charging state, and generate a DC voltage pulse command when the battery temperature is lower than the low temperature threshold. The DC voltage pulse command is used to drive the pulse control module to apply at least one DC voltage pulse to the battery. The pulse current of the DC voltage pulse is lower than the pulse current threshold of the battery. The low temperature threshold is lower than the desired charging temperature of the battery. The pulse current threshold corresponds to the safe charging current of the battery.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a lithium battery; and The battery management system of claim 9, and / or A processing component, the processing component including one or more processors and a memory, the memory storing at least one instruction, which, when executed by the processor, performs the battery charging control method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 with the battery management system.

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