Partition protection and energy isolation system of multi-chemical system energy storage system

Abstract

The invention provides a partition protection and energy isolation system of a multi-chemical-system energy storage system, and belongs to the technical field of safety and energy management of electrochemical energy storage systems. The system comprises a chemical system identification module for identifying a battery system in an energy storage cabin and generating a protection parameter set, a data acquisition module for acquiring parameter data according to needs, and a safety control core module for receiving and analyzing data information acquired by the data acquisition module and sending the data information to a control module. The safety control core module is used for sending out a prevention and control instruction, the energy isolation module is used for achieving electrical isolation, the partition protection module executes corresponding prevention and control operation according to the prevention and control instruction sent by the safety control core module, the leakage detection module is used for conducting liquid leakage detection on a liquid flow system and is in linkage with the partition protection module to directly take prevention measures, and the communication module is used for communicating with the safety control core module. The method is used for communication among modules of the system. The method has the beneficial effects that the leakage risk can be reduced, the system safety is improved, the waste of economic and human cost is avoided, and control signal coupling and false triggering between different systems are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage system safety and energy management technology, specifically to a zoned protection and energy isolation system for a multi-chemical system energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion of energy storage capacity on the grid side and in new energy power plants, single-chemical energy storage solutions are no longer sufficient to meet the multi-dimensional requirements of capacity, response speed, safety, and cost. More and more projects are adopting multi-chemical integrated energy storage solutions, such as simultaneously configuring grid-type lithium iron phosphate systems, vanadium redox flow storage systems, and semi-solid or sodium-ion energy storage systems in the same power plant to achieve comprehensive optimization of energy and power.

[0003] However, batteries with different chemical systems exhibit significant differences in reaction mechanisms, thermal characteristics, voltage ranges, failure modes, and fire suppression methods. For example: 1. Vanadium redox flow systems pose chemical risks such as electrolyte leakage and hydrogen evolution; 2. Semi-solid or lithium iron phosphate systems are prone to thermal runaway propagation risk; 3. Sodium ion systems exhibit different electrochemical windows and thermal response characteristics; 4. The energy backflow channels of grid-connected and grid-connected energy storage under grid-connected mode are quite different.

[0004] In environments where multiple systems operate in shared or adjacent compartments, these differences can lead to problems such as the propagation of thermal risks across compartments, energy backflow or electrical coupling interference, safety malfunctions caused by mutual interference of control systems, and conflicting emergency strategies.

[0005] Existing technologies mostly focus on temperature control, fire protection, or isolation design for single-system energy storage compartments, lacking cross-system collaborative zone protection and energy isolation solutions. Therefore, developing a system that can automatically identify the type of energy storage system and perform dynamic protection and energy isolation based on this is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main objective of this invention is to provide a zoned protection and energy isolation system for multi-chemical energy storage systems, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a zoned protection and energy isolation system for a multi-chemical system energy storage system, comprising a chemical system identification module, a data acquisition module, a safety control core module, an energy isolation module, a zoned protection module, a leakage detection module, and a communication module; A chemical system identification module is used to identify the battery system inside the energy storage compartment and generate a set of protection parameters; The data acquisition module communicates with the chemical system identification module and is used to collect parameter data as needed. The core safety control module is connected to the data acquisition module. After receiving and analyzing the data collected by the data acquisition module, it issues prevention and control commands. Energy isolation module, used to achieve electrical isolation; The partition protection module communicates with the security control core module and executes corresponding prevention and control operations based on the prevention and control instructions issued by the security control core module. The leak detection module communicates with the data acquisition module and the zone protection module. It is specifically designed to receive leak-related parameter data from the acquisition module, which is used to detect liquid leaks in the liquid flow system and to take preventive measures directly in conjunction with the zone protection module. The communication module is used for communication between various modules in the system.

[0008] Furthermore, the battery systems include: lithium iron phosphate (LFP), sodium-ion (Na-ion), vanadium redox flow battery (VRB), and semi-solid-state batteries; The LFP's protection parameter set includes the individual cell temperature, maximum temperature difference, temperature change rate, individual cell voltage, total module voltage, charging and discharging current, insulation resistance, CO concentration in the chamber, concentration of other combustible gases, and chamber pressure. The protection parameters for Na-ion include battery tab temperature, battery pack center temperature, electrolyte temperature, single cell voltage, circuit current, circuit power, capacitance change rate of capacitive sensor, electrode group internal resistance, cabin humidity, and contact corrosion rate. The VRB protection parameter set includes positive / negative electrolyte temperature, stack inlet and outlet temperature difference, tank wall temperature, electrolyte level, electrolyte pH value, hydrogen concentration, stack voltage, and pump operating current. The set of protection parameters for semi-solid-state batteries includes electrolyte-electrode interface temperature, battery casing temperature gradient, module gap temperature, internal pressure of battery pack, humidity at the sealing edge, module casing deformation, single cell voltage, and interface impedance.

[0009] Furthermore, the core safety control module incorporates a fault prediction model, which is built upon an LSTM neural network. The fault prediction model includes: an input layer, a shared base LSTM layer, a branch fully connected layer, and an output layer. The input layer selects parameters from the set of protection parameters as input. The output layer outputs the probability corresponding to the fault type.

[0010] Furthermore, the fault types can be categorized based on the four battery systems: The LFP system has the following failure types: thermal runaway risk, electrical contact failure, and structural sealing abnormality. The failure types of the Na-ion system include: electrolyte leakage, accelerated capacity decay, and electrode interface failure. The failure types of the VRB system include: electrolyte leakage, hydrogen safety risks, and accelerated acid corrosion. For semi-solid systems, the failure types include: electrolyte leakage, excessive structural deformation, and abnormal interface impedance.

[0011] Furthermore, the energy isolation module uses a double-layer isolation structure to achieve electrical isolation, which includes an electrical isolation layer and a physical isolation layer; An electrical isolation layer is installed at critical nodes in the cabin's electrical circuits. It blocks abnormal current return paths through DC / DC isolators, insulation monitoring relays, and anti-backflow logic. The physical isolation layer is set directly next to the battery compartment, and heat diffusion is prevented by the use of thermal fireproof partitions, airtight partitions of the doors, and explosion-proof valves. The system can automatically disconnect the busbar connection when it detects abnormal energy backflow or cross-system high-voltage interference.

[0012] Furthermore, prevention and control operations are divided into two main categories: isolation operations and obstacle removal operations. The priority of prevention and control operations is: isolation operations are performed first, followed by obstacle removal operations.

[0013] Furthermore, the leakage detection module classifies the leakage parameters according to their degree. The relevant leakage parameters and their classification methods are as follows: The relevant parameters for LFP are: chamber pressure; When the internal pressure meets any of the following conditions: greater than 100 Pa, less than -100 Pa, or pressure change rate greater than 30 Pa / min, it is a warning level; when the internal pressure meets any of the following conditions: greater than 300 Pa, less than -300 Pa, or pressure change rate greater than 80 Pa / min, it is a fault level. The relevant parameters for Na-ion are: cabin humidity and corrosion monitoring of contact parts; When the humidity inside the cabin exceeds 75%, it is a warning level; when the humidity inside the cabin exceeds 90%, it is a fault level. When the corrosion rate is greater than 0.02 mm / year or the contact resistance increases by more than 10%, it is a warning level; when the corrosion rate is greater than 0.1 mm / year or the contact resistance increases by more than 30%, it is a fault level. The relevant parameters for VRB are: electrolyte level, electrolyte pH value, and hydrogen concentration. When the electrolyte level drops at a rate greater than 4% / 24h, it is considered a warning level; when the electrolyte level drops at a rate greater than 10% / 24h, it is considered a fault level. When the pH value of the electrolyte deviates from the normal range by more than 0.4, it is a warning level; when the pH value of the electrolyte deviates from the normal range by more than 0.9, it is a fault level. When the hydrogen concentration is greater than 0.5% VOL, it is a warning level; when the hydrogen concentration is greater than 2% VOL, it is a fault level. The relevant parameters for semi-solid components are: humidity at the sealing edge, internal pressure of the battery pack, and deformation of the module casing. When the humidity at the sealing edge exceeds 85%, it is a warning level; when the humidity at the sealing edge exceeds 98%, it is a fault level. When the internal pressure of the battery pack meets any of the following conditions: greater than 200 Pa, less than -200 Pa, or pressure change rate greater than 40 Pa / min, it is a warning level; when the internal pressure meets any of the following conditions: greater than 600 Pa, less than -600 Pa, or pressure change rate greater than 90 Pa / min, it is a fault level.

[0014] Furthermore, the communication module adopts a double-layer communication isolation design to prevent control interference; The inner network of the dual-layer communication isolation design serves as the protection command channel, while the outer network serves as the monitoring information channel. The command channel employs a one-time token authentication mechanism to prevent accidental triggering.

[0015] Furthermore, the types of one-time tokens include: time-synchronization-based one-time tokens, challenge-response-based one-time tokens, and random number-based one-time tokens.

[0016] Furthermore, the branch fully connected layer contains four links, corresponding to four battery systems: LFP, Na-ion, VRB, and semi-solid-state.

[0017] Beneficial effects: (1) The leakage detection module and the safety control core module perform dual detection of liquid flow leakage, which can further reduce the risk of leakage and improve the safety of the system.

[0018] (2) The energy isolation module can block the reverse power channel in real time by detecting the direction of energy flow in a multi-system common bus operation scenario.

[0019] (3) Classify the faults to ensure system safety while avoiding waste of economic and human resources costs.

[0020] (4) Redundant communication isolation design can effectively avoid control signal coupling and false triggering between different systems.

[0021] (5) In the fault prediction model, the 4-link parallel design can avoid deploying multiple models and reduce costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is the system's structural connection diagram. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a zoned protection and energy isolation system for a multi-chemical system energy storage system includes a chemical system identification module, a data acquisition module, a safety control core module, an energy isolation module, a zoned protection module, a leak detection module, and a communication module. The chemical system identification module is used to identify the battery system in the energy storage compartment, including: lithium iron phosphate (LFP), sodium ion (Na-ion), vanadium redox flow (VRB), and semi-solid, and to generate a set of protection parameters; The LFP's protection parameter set includes the individual cell's temperature, maximum temperature difference, temperature change rate, individual cell voltage, module total voltage, charging and discharging current, insulation resistance, CO concentration in the chamber, concentration of other combustible gases, and chamber pressure; other combustible gases include CH4, H2, etc. The protection parameters for Na-ion include battery tab temperature, battery pack center temperature, electrolyte temperature, single cell voltage, circuit current, circuit power, capacitance change rate of capacitive sensor, electrode group internal resistance, cabin humidity, and contact corrosion rate. The VRB protection parameter set includes positive / negative electrolyte temperature, stack inlet and outlet temperature difference, tank wall temperature, electrolyte level, electrolyte pH value, hydrogen concentration, stack voltage, and pump operating current. The set of protection parameters for semi-solid-state batteries includes electrolyte-electrode interface temperature, battery casing temperature gradient, module gap temperature, internal pressure of battery pack, humidity at the sealing edge, module casing deformation, single cell voltage, and interface impedance.

[0024] The data acquisition module includes multiple types of high-precision sensors and communicates with the chemical system identification module. After the chemical system identification module identifies the battery system in the energy storage compartment, it transmits the data to be collected to the data acquisition module. The data acquisition module collects parameters such as temperature, gas concentration, voltage, current, humidity, pressure, liquid level, pH value, and deformation as needed.

[0025] The core safety control module is connected to the data acquisition module, receives data information collected by the data acquisition module, analyzes the data information, and issues prevention and control instructions. The core safety control module has a built-in fault prediction model, which is based on an LSTM neural network. Since the multi-chemical energy storage system includes four battery systems, the fault prediction model is a hybrid architecture model, which contains four branches corresponding to the four battery systems. The fault prediction model includes: an input layer, a shared base LSTM layer, a branch fully connected layer, and an output layer. The input layer selects parameters from the protection parameter set as inputs, including: temperature change rate of individual cells, CO concentration inside the chamber, insulation resistance, capacitance change rate of capacitive sensors, individual cell voltage, internal pressure of the battery pack, electrolyte level drop rate, pH value, hydrogen concentration, corrosion rate of contact components, humidity of sealing edges, and deformation of the module shell, totaling 12 parameters; the system identifiers for LFP, Na-ion, VRB, and semi-solid are 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively; the step size is 144, and each feature is standardized. The shared base LSTM layer contains an input gate, a forget gate, and an output gate, and has 64 neurons. The forgetting gate uses the sigmoid function to determine the degree of forgetting of the cell's state information from the previous time step. The process is as follows: ; in, f ( t ) is the output vector of the forget gate. W f , b f These are the weights and biases of the forget gate, respectively. h t-1 The hidden state retained from the previous moment. x t This is the input for the current moment; The input gate uses a function to determine what information needs to be added to the cell state at the current moment. The process is as follows: ; in, i ( t ) represents the output vector of the input gate. W i , b i These are the weights and biases of the input gate, respectively; And generate candidate memory vectors: ; in, Candidate memory vectors, W C , b C These are the weights and biases of the candidate memories, respectively. Update the cell state by combining the outputs of the forget gate and the input gate: ; in, C t In cellular state, The symbol for element-wise multiplication; The output gate determines which information from the current memory cell state needs to be output to the hidden state: ; ; in, h t For the new hidden state, O ( t ) represents the output vector of the output gate. W O , b O These are the weights and biases of the forget gate, respectively; The fully connected branch layer has four parallel links, corresponding to four battery systems: LFP, Na-ion, VRB, and semi-solid-state. The fully connected branch layer is divided into a fully connected layer 1 and a fully connected layer 2. Each of the four links has the same structure, except that the weight matrix and bias are specific to that branch. A general introduction to the four branches of the fully connected branch layer is given below: Fully connected layer 1, with 36 neurons, maps the hidden states to lower-dimensional feature vectors, using the ReLU activation function. ; in, Z 1 represents the output of fully connected layer 1. W Z1 , b Z1 These are the weights and biases of the fully connected layer 1, respectively. Fully connected layer 2 has 4 neurons, and its output is obtained using a linear transformation: ; in, Z 2 represents the output of fully connected layer 2. W Z2 , b Z2 These are the weights and biases of the fully connected layer 2, respectively. The output vector of the fully connected layer 2 can be represented as: ; in, For the first i Each element logits value; The output layer has 4 neurons. Based on the output vector of the fully connected layer 2, it outputs the probability corresponding to each link failure type: ; in, P i Fault type i The probability of occurrence; For LFP links, the failure types include: thermal runaway risk, electrical contact failure, and structural sealing abnormalities; For Na-ion links, the failure types include: electrolyte leakage, accelerated capacity decay, and electrode interface failure. For VRB links, the types of failures include: electrolyte leakage, hydrogen safety risks, and accelerated acid corrosion; For semi-solid links, the types of failures include: electrolyte leakage, excessive structural deformation, and abnormal interface impedance. At the same time, fault-free is also considered as a type of fault, meaning that the output layer will also output the probability of fault-free. The model is trained on a maximum of 1000 iterations with 10000 samples and a learning rate of 0.001. The loss function used is sparse classification cross-entropy loss, which measures the difference between predicted and actual values. The expression is as follows: ; in, Fault type i The unique heat vector, in which only the fault type is represented. i The element at position 1 is 1, and all other elements are 0; The updates for each weight and bias are as follows: ; in, and These are the weights before and after the update, respectively. and These are the biases before and after the update, respectively. This is the learning rate.

[0026] Based on the probability of fault types output by the prediction model, a two-level prevention and control scheme is proposed: when the fault probability is greater than 0.7, it is a fault level; when the fault probability is greater than 0.3 and less than or equal to 0.7, it is an early warning level. For the risk of thermal runaway, when the warning level is reached, increase the sampling frequency, start liquid cooling, and reduce the power by 50%. When the fault level is reached, the DC bus will be cut off, the fine water mist fire extinguishing system will be activated, the fire door of the adjacent compartment will be closed, and the fire alarm will be uploaded within 10ms. For the risk of electrical contact failure, when the warning level is reached, increase the sampling frequency, preheat the backup branch, and put the pole cleaning device on standby. When the fault level is reached, the circuit breaker of the faulty branch is disconnected, the entire cabin is powered off, the insulation repair robot is deployed, and maintenance personnel are urgently notified. For structural sealing abnormality risks, when the warning level is reached, increase the sampling frequency, reduce ventilation pressure to 100Pa, and strengthen humidity monitoring at the sealing edge; When the fault level is reached, the pressure is immediately released to -200Pa, nitrogen is used to fill the sealed area, and all structural stress sensors are activated. For electrolyte leakage risk (Na-ion system), when the warning level is reached, increase the sampling frequency, dehumidify the chamber to 70% RH, and keep negative pressure adsorption on standby; When the fault level is reached, the electrolyte recovery pump will start, the negative pressure isolation inside the chamber will be activated, the anti-corrosion spray will be automatically triggered, and the environmental protection department will be notified. To address the risk of accelerated capacity decay, when the warning level is reached, increase the sampling frequency, initiate equalization charging, and limit the depth of charge and discharge. When the fault level is reached, charging and discharging are stopped, an offline battery pack detection command is issued, the capacity calibration system is started, and the backup battery pack is switched. When the risk is at the electrode interface, or when the warning level is reached, increase the sampling frequency, control the temperature at 25℃, and prepare for pulse repair. When the fault level is reached, the corresponding battery cell connection is disconnected, the temperature is urgently reduced to 20°C, and the impedance repair device operates at full power. For electrolyte leakage risk (VRB system), when the warning level is reached, increase the sampling frequency, reduce the pump speed to 60%, and preheat the leakage collection tank; When the fault level is reached, all valves of the fuel cell stack / tank are closed, the drain pump is running at full capacity, the acid gas adsorption system is activated, and the acid-proof isolation zone is deployed. Regarding hydrogen safety risks, when the warning level is reached, the sampling frequency is increased, the module support structure is pre-charged with gas, and the pressure is finely adjusted to +50Pa. When the fault level is reached, the faulty module is mechanically locked, emergency pressure is released to normal pressure, the structural stress release channel is opened, and the backup support system is activated. To exacerbate acid corrosion, when the warning level is reached, increase the sampling frequency, keep the protective agent on standby for contact parts, and reduce the humidity to <70% RH; When the fault level is reached, the corroded area is physically isolated, the contact parts are powered off, the acid protective clothing / mask is forcibly put on alarm, and the corrosion repair robot is deployed. For electrolyte leakage, when the warning level is reached, increase the sampling frequency, pre-spray with low-pressure fine water mist, and adjust the ventilation speed to 1m / s. When the fault level is reached, the isolation baffle of the leakage area is closed, the high-concentration gel adsorbent is released, the pressure inside the chamber drops to -200Pa, and the location of the leakage is located and reported. For structural deformation exceeding the standard, when the warning level is reached, increase the sampling frequency, pre-inflate the supporting structure, and fine-tune the pressure to +50Pa; When the fault level is reached, the faulty module is mechanically locked, emergency pressure is released to normal pressure, the structural stress release channel is opened, and the backup support system is activated. For abnormal interface impedance, when the warning level is reached, increase the sampling frequency, activate current ripple suppression, and reduce the power to 60%. When the fault level is reached, disconnect the module's electrical connection, force the thermal management to cool to 10°C, and initiate the impedance repair pulse.

[0027] The energy isolation module uses a double-layer isolation structure to achieve electrical isolation; The double-layer isolation structure includes an electrical isolation layer and a physical isolation layer; An electrical isolation layer is installed at critical nodes in the cabin's electrical circuits. It blocks abnormal current return paths through DC / DC isolators, insulation monitoring relays, and anti-backflow logic. The physical isolation layer is directly set next to the battery compartment, and uses thermal fireproof partitions, airtight compartments for the doors, and explosion-proof valves to prevent heat diffusion; the system can automatically disconnect the busbar connection when abnormal energy backflow or cross-system high-voltage interference is detected. The zone protection module communicates with the security control core module and executes corresponding prevention and control operations based on the prevention and control instructions issued by the security control core module. Prevention and control operations are divided into two main categories: isolation operations and obstacle removal operations. The priority of prevention and control operations is: isolation operations are performed first, followed by obstacle removal operations. For example, if the temperature of the LFP chamber rises while the VRB chamber is leaking, the liquid flow chamber isolation action is performed first, followed by the LFP chamber cooling spray action.

[0028] The leak detection module, connected to the data acquisition module and the zone protection module, is specifically designed to receive leak-related parameter data from the acquisition module. This data is used to detect liquid leaks in the liquid flow system and to trigger the zone protection module to take preventative measures. Because electrolyte leaks in multi-chemical systems can cause extremely serious consequences within an extreme timeframe, the leak detection module is included in the solution. It can trigger the zone protection module to take measures to address the leak as soon as it occurs, forming a double layer of protection with the core safety control module. Leakage is classified into different levels, and different measures are taken according to different levels. The classification here is also divided into fault level and warning level. The relevant parameters and classification methods for leakage are as follows: The relevant parameters for LFP are: chamber pressure; When the internal pressure meets any of the following conditions: greater than 100 Pa, less than -100 Pa, or pressure change rate greater than 30 Pa / min, it is a warning level; when the internal pressure meets any of the following conditions: greater than 300 Pa, less than -300 Pa, or pressure change rate greater than 80 Pa / min, it is a fault level. The relevant parameters for Na-ion are: cabin humidity and corrosion monitoring of contact parts; When the humidity inside the cabin exceeds 75%, it is a warning level; when the humidity inside the cabin exceeds 90%, it is a fault level. When the corrosion rate is greater than 0.02 mm / year or the contact resistance increases by more than 10%, it is a warning level; when the corrosion rate is greater than 0.1 mm / year or the contact resistance increases by more than 30%, it is a fault level. The relevant parameters for VRB are: electrolyte level, electrolyte pH value, and hydrogen concentration. When the electrolyte level drops at a rate greater than 4% / 24h, it is considered a warning level; when the electrolyte level drops at a rate greater than 10% / 24h, it is considered a fault level. When the pH value of the electrolyte deviates from the normal range by more than 0.4, it is a warning level; when the pH value of the electrolyte deviates from the normal range by more than 0.9, it is a fault level. When the hydrogen concentration is greater than 0.5% VOL, it is a warning level; when the hydrogen concentration is greater than 2% VOL, it is a fault level. The relevant parameters for semi-solid components are: humidity at the sealing edge, internal pressure of the battery pack, and deformation of the module casing. When the humidity at the sealing edge exceeds 85%, it is a warning level; when the humidity at the sealing edge exceeds 98%, it is a fault level. When the internal pressure of the battery pack meets any of the following conditions: greater than 200 Pa, less than -200 Pa, or pressure change rate greater than 40 Pa / min, it is a warning level; when the internal pressure meets any of the following conditions: greater than 600 Pa, less than -600 Pa, or pressure change rate greater than 90 Pa / min, it is a fault level. When the strain value of the module shell deformation is greater than This is the warning level; when the strain value of the module shell deformation is greater than... The presence of deformation marks indicates a fault level. For LFP and Na-ion systems, when the warning level is reached, the following measures should be taken: increase the sampling frequency of parameters; start forced ventilation in the chamber to remove possible electrolyte vapors; reduce the power of the energy storage converter (PCS) to below 50% and put the backup power supply and fire extinguishing equipment into standby status; focus on checking the sealing edges, poles, and liquid accumulation areas at the bottom of the chamber to identify leak points. When a fault is detected, the following measures should be taken: immediately disconnect the DC bus connection of the faulty module / battery pack, stop the PCS from charging and discharging, and disconnect the corresponding branch circuit breaker; if leakage is detected, start the bilge liquid collection pump and spray neutral protective agent on the contact parts; close the fireproof partition door between the faulty compartment and the adjacent compartment to block the spread of smoke / vapor; send a level one alarm to the monitoring center, and simultaneously push the leak location and abnormal parameter values ​​to notify the operation and maintenance personnel to handle the situation on site. For VRB systems, when the warning level is reached, the following measures are taken: increase the sampling frequency of parameters; start the replenishment of inert gases, such as nitrogen, to maintain the oxygen content in the chamber below 5% VOL, suppress the risk of hydrogen explosion, and at the same time turn on the acid gas adsorption device; reduce the power of the fuel cell stack to below 30% and reduce the operating speed of the pump; based on the humidity of the sealing edge and the corrosion data of the contact parts, preliminarily locate the leak area and prepare emergency leak-sealing tools. When a fault is detected, the following measures should be taken: immediately disconnect the power supply to the fuel cell stack and pump, close the inlet and outlet valves of the storage tank and the liquid inlet and outlet valves of the fuel cell stack to block the electrolyte circulation; start the bilge pump to divert the leaked electrolyte into a dedicated corrosion-resistant collection tank; inject a large amount of nitrogen into the tank to dilute the hydrogen concentration to less than 0.5% VOL; close the fireproof partition wall and start the negative pressure ventilation of the adjacent compartment to prevent the diffusion of acid vapor / hydrogen; notify maintenance personnel to wear acid-resistant clothing and gas masks, and strictly prohibit open flames; send a special alarm, coordinate the fire protection system to stand by, and report to the environmental protection department simultaneously. For semi-solid systems, when under warning level, the following measures should be taken: increase the sampling frequency of parameters; start low-speed ventilation to maintain the humidity inside the chamber below 75% RH; reduce the power of the battery pack to below 40% to avoid the temperature rise exacerbating electrolyte leakage; prepare low-pressure fine water mist devices and sealing reinforcement adhesive to temporarily seal minor leaks. When the fault level is reached, the following measures are taken: disconnect the energy circuit of the faulty battery pack, disconnect the terminal connection to prevent short circuit caused by electrolyte leakage; activate low-pressure fine water mist to cover the leak area to reduce the risk of corrosion or short circuit; temporarily reinforce the deformed parts of the module shell to prevent cracking; close the airtight door, activate the air purification device in the adjacent compartment to filter electrolyte droplets that may diffuse; send a level one alarm, push the coordinates of the leak point and deformation data, and notify maintenance personnel to carry viscous liquid cleaning tools to handle the situation on site.

[0029] The communication module is used for communication between various modules in the system; it adopts a two-layer communication isolation design to prevent control interference. The inner network of the dual-layer communication isolation design serves as the protection command channel, while the outer network serves as the monitoring information channel. The command channel employs a one-time token authentication mechanism to prevent accidental triggering. The types of one-time tokens include: time-synchronization-based one-time tokens, challenge-response-based one-time tokens, and random number-based one-time tokens. Challenge-response based one-time tokens are well-suited for this system, and will be introduced as follows: Principle: The recipient actively initiates a "challenge code", the initiator encrypts the challenge code with a key to generate a "response token", and the recipient verifies the legality of the response.

[0030] Taking the core module of safety control receiving the "energy isolation command" as an example, the specific process is as follows: Challenge Phase: After receiving the instruction request, the security control core module generates a random challenge code "7f9d2a4c" and sends it to the initiator, i.e., the superior monitoring platform; Response Phase: The monitoring platform uses a shared key to encrypt the challenge code using HMAC-MD5, generates a response token "3e8a9d7b2f", and sends it back to the security control core module; Verification phase: The core security control module encrypts the challenge code with the same key, compares the generated token with the received response token, and executes the instruction if they match; The challenge code is only valid for 10 seconds and will expire immediately after use. You will need to obtain a new challenge code for the next request.

[0031] For this system, a power supply module should also be included to supply power to each module. Depending on the technical solution, a distributed power supply method or a centralized power supply method can be selected. The specific method to be selected depends on the specific situation, which is not the core point of this invention.

[0032] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A zoned protection and energy isolation system for a multi-chemical energy storage system, characterized in that: It includes a chemical system identification module, a data acquisition module, a safety control core module, an energy isolation module, a zone protection module, a leak detection module, and a communication module; A chemical system identification module is used to identify the battery system inside the energy storage compartment and generate a set of protection parameters; The data acquisition module communicates with the chemical system identification module and is used to collect parameter data as needed. The core safety control module is connected to the data acquisition module. After receiving and analyzing the data collected by the data acquisition module, it issues prevention and control commands. Energy isolation module, used to achieve electrical isolation; The partition protection module communicates with the security control core module and executes corresponding prevention and control operations based on the prevention and control instructions issued by the security control core module. The leak detection module communicates with the data acquisition module and the zone protection module. It is specifically designed to receive leak-related parameter data from the acquisition module, which is used to detect liquid leaks in the liquid flow system and to take preventive measures directly in conjunction with the zone protection module. The communication module is used for communication between various modules in the system.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Battery systems include: lithium iron phosphate (LFP), sodium-ion (Na-ion), vanadium redox flow battery (VRB), and semi-solid-state batteries; The LFP's protection parameter set includes the individual cell temperature, maximum temperature difference, temperature change rate, individual cell voltage, total module voltage, charging and discharging current, insulation resistance, CO concentration in the chamber, concentration of other combustible gases, and chamber pressure. The protection parameters for Na-ion include battery tab temperature, battery pack center temperature, electrolyte temperature, single cell voltage, circuit current, circuit power, capacitance change rate of capacitive sensor, electrode group internal resistance, cabin humidity, and contact corrosion rate. The VRB protection parameter set includes positive / negative electrolyte temperature, stack inlet and outlet temperature difference, tank wall temperature, electrolyte level, electrolyte pH value, hydrogen concentration, stack voltage, and pump operating current. The set of protection parameters for semi-solid-state batteries includes electrolyte-electrode interface temperature, battery casing temperature gradient, module gap temperature, internal pressure of battery pack, humidity at the sealing edge, module casing deformation, single cell voltage, and interface impedance.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The core safety control module has a built-in fault prediction model, which is based on an LSTM neural network. The fault prediction model includes: an input layer, a shared base LSTM layer, a branch fully connected layer, and an output layer. The input layer selects parameters from the set of protection parameters as input. The output layer outputs the probability corresponding to the fault type.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Fault types can be categorized based on the four battery systems: The LFP system has the following failure types: thermal runaway risk, electrical contact failure, and structural sealing abnormality. The failure types of the Na-ion system include: electrolyte leakage, accelerated capacity decay, and electrode interface failure. The failure types of the VRB system include: electrolyte leakage, hydrogen safety risks, and accelerated acid corrosion. For semi-solid systems, the failure types include: electrolyte leakage, excessive structural deformation, and abnormal interface impedance.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy isolation module uses a double-layer isolation structure to achieve electrical isolation, which includes an electrical isolation layer and a physical isolation layer. An electrical isolation layer is installed at critical nodes in the cabin's electrical circuits. It blocks abnormal current return paths through DC / DC isolators, insulation monitoring relays, and anti-backflow logic. The physical isolation layer is set directly next to the battery compartment, and heat diffusion is prevented by the use of thermal fireproof partitions, airtight partitions of the doors, and explosion-proof valves. The system can automatically disconnect the busbar connection when it detects abnormal energy backflow or cross-system high-voltage interference.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prevention and control operations are divided into two main categories: isolation operations and obstacle removal operations. The priority of prevention and control operations is: isolation operations are performed first, followed by obstacle removal operations.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leakage detection module classifies parameters based on their leakage severity. The relevant leakage parameters and their classification methods are as follows: The relevant parameters for LFP are: chamber pressure; When the internal pressure meets any of the following conditions: greater than 100 Pa, less than -100 Pa, or pressure change rate greater than 30 Pa / min, it is a warning level; when the internal pressure meets any of the following conditions: greater than 300 Pa, less than -300 Pa, or pressure change rate greater than 80 Pa / min, it is a fault level. The relevant parameters for Na-ion are: cabin humidity and corrosion monitoring of contact parts; When the humidity inside the cabin exceeds 75%, it is a warning level; when the humidity inside the cabin exceeds 90%, it is a fault level. When the corrosion rate is greater than 0.02 mm / year or the contact resistance increases by more than 10%, it is considered a warning level. When the corrosion rate is greater than 0.1 mm / year or the contact resistance increases by more than 30%, it is considered a fault level. The relevant parameters for VRB are: electrolyte level, electrolyte pH value, and hydrogen concentration. When the rate of decrease in electrolyte level exceeds 4% / 24h, it is considered a warning level; When the rate of decrease in electrolyte level is greater than 10% / 24h, it is considered a fault level. When the pH value of the electrolyte deviates from the normal range by more than 0.4, it is a warning level; when the pH value of the electrolyte deviates from the normal range by more than 0.9, it is a fault level. When the hydrogen concentration is greater than 0.5% VOL, it is a warning level; when the hydrogen concentration is greater than 2% VOL, it is a fault level. The relevant parameters for semi-solid components are: humidity at the sealing edge, internal pressure of the battery pack, and deformation of the module casing. When the humidity at the sealing edge exceeds 85%, it is a warning level; when the humidity at the sealing edge exceeds 98%, it is a fault level. When the internal pressure of the battery pack meets any of the following conditions: greater than 200 Pa, less than -200 Pa, or pressure change rate greater than 40 Pa / min, it is a warning level; when the internal pressure meets any of the following conditions: greater than 600 Pa, less than -600 Pa, or pressure change rate greater than 90 Pa / min, it is a fault level.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication module adopts a double-layer communication isolation design to prevent control interference; The inner network of the dual-layer communication isolation design serves as the protective command channel, while the outer network serves as the monitoring information channel. The command channel uses a one-time token authentication mechanism to prevent accidental triggering.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, One-time tokens can be categorized as follows: time-synchronization-based one-time tokens, challenge-response-based one-time tokens, and random number-based one-time tokens.

10. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The branch fully connected layer contains four links, corresponding to four battery systems: LFP, Na-ion, VRB, and semi-solid-state.

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