Wireless networking method for complex terrain and related equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a wireless networking method for a complex terrain and related equipment, which are used for constructing a high-reliability communication network in a severe geographical environment. The method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps that a wireless network comprising relay nodes and terminal nodes is deployed in a target area of a complex terrain, a plurality of relay nodes form an annular backbone network, and each relay node and at least one terminal node form a star-shaped sub-network; performing periodic quality evaluation and grading on the current working communication channel used by the relay node, and executing communication channel switching of different channel quality grades according to an evaluation result; according to the signal attenuation information fed back by the terminal node, adjusting the signal transmission gain for the corresponding relay node; and in the monitoring center, centralized monitoring is carried out on the operation state of the wireless network, and fault diagnosis is executed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a wireless networking method and related equipment for complex terrain. Background Technology

[0002] Coalbed methane resources are mostly found in complex terrain areas such as mountains and hills, and their extraction sites are typically characterized by "crisscrossing gullies, large elevation differences, and dense vegetation." Under these terrain conditions, establishing a reliable and efficient communication network to monitor well site equipment and transmit data back is crucial for ensuring safe production and intelligent management.

[0003] Currently, the wireless communication solutions in this field mainly include the following three types:

[0004] 1. 2.4GHz ISM band wireless technologies (such as ZigBee and Wi-Fi): These technologies have lower equipment costs, but weak signal diffraction capabilities and short transmission distances. They also suffer severe signal attenuation when faced with mountains or vegetation obstruction, making it difficult to achieve large-area coverage. Furthermore, this frequency band is congested and easily interfered with by civilian devices.

[0005] 2.4G public network technology relies on operator base station coverage, often resulting in signal blind spots in remote mountainous areas. Even when a signal is available, issues such as unstable bandwidth, high data costs, and uncontrollable network latency exist, making it unsuitable for the real-time and stable transmission of massive amounts of monitoring data and high-definition video.

[0006] 3. Dedicated wireless data transmission radio: It operates in a lower frequency band (such as 400MHz). Although the transmission distance is longer, the bandwidth is usually very low. It cannot support the concurrent transmission of multiple services such as high-definition video, and it is difficult to meet the comprehensive needs of modern well site monitoring.

[0007] In summary, existing technical solutions generally suffer from prominent contradictions when applied to complex terrains in coalbed methane, such as incomplete signal coverage, insufficient transmission bandwidth and stability, and high deployment and maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This application provides a wireless networking method and related equipment for complex terrain, which can be used to build a highly reliable communication network in harsh geographical environments.

[0009] The first aspect of this application provides a wireless networking method for complex terrain, including:

[0010] In a target area with complex terrain, a wireless network including relay nodes and terminal nodes is deployed, wherein multiple relay nodes form a ring backbone network, and each relay node and at least one terminal node form a star subnetwork.

[0011] The current working communication channel used by the relay node is periodically assessed and classified, and communication channel switching of different channel quality levels is performed according to the assessment results; the signal transmission gain of the corresponding relay node is adjusted according to the signal attenuation information fed back by the terminal node.

[0012] At the monitoring center, the operating status of the wireless network is centrally monitored and fault diagnosis is performed; wherein, the operating status of the wireless network includes at least one of the channel status of the communication channel after switching, or the signal gain status of the communication channel.

[0013] A second aspect of this application provides a wireless networking device for complex terrain, comprising:

[0014] The deployment unit is used to deploy a wireless network including relay nodes and terminal nodes in a target area with complex terrain, wherein multiple relay nodes form a ring backbone network and each relay node and at least one terminal node form a star subnetwork.

[0015] The execution unit is used to periodically assess and classify the quality of the current working communication channel used by the relay node, and to perform communication channel switching of different channel quality levels according to the assessment results; and to adjust the signal transmission gain of the corresponding relay node according to the signal attenuation information fed back by the terminal node.

[0016] The execution unit is also used to centrally monitor the operating status of the wireless network in the monitoring center and perform fault diagnosis; wherein the operating status of the wireless network includes at least one of the channel status of the switched communication channel or the signal gain status of the communication channel.

[0017] The wireless networking apparatus for complex terrain provided in the second aspect of this application is used to perform the wireless networking method for complex terrain described in the first aspect.

[0018] A third aspect of this application provides a computer program product including computer-readable instructions that, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to implement the wireless networking method for complex terrain described in the first aspect or any implementation thereof.

[0019] A fourth aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including at least one processor and a memory connected to the processor, wherein:

[0020] The memory is used to store computer programs;

[0021] The processor is used to execute the computer program so that the electronic device can implement the wireless networking method for complex terrain described in the first aspect or any implementation thereof.

[0022] The fifth aspect of this application provides a computer storage medium carrying one or more computer programs that, when executed by an electronic device, enable the electronic device to implement the wireless networking method for complex terrain described in the first aspect or any implementation thereof.

[0023] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the embodiments of this application have the following advantages: The wireless networking method for complex terrain disclosed in this application constructs a physical network with both redundancy and wide coverage by deploying a ring-star hybrid topology, structurally eliminating communication blind spots in complex terrain. Through real-time channel quality assessment and intelligent switching, electromagnetic interference is dynamically avoided, ensuring the stability of the transmission link. Combined with an adaptive gain adjustment mechanism based on real-time feedback, the system can automatically compensate for signal attenuation. With centralized monitoring and intelligent diagnostics, remote operation and maintenance and rapid fault location are achieved. The entire method achieves highly reliable, high-bandwidth, and low-latency wireless communication in complex coalbed methane terrain without the need for large-scale wired deployment, significantly reducing deployment and long-term operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. It should be understood that the drawings are schematic, and elements are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a wireless networking system for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a wireless networking method for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating another wireless networking method for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating another wireless networking method for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating another wireless networking method for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating another wireless networking method for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wireless networking device for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device disclosed in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Based on the most similar common 2.4G, 4G SIM and other fiber optic solutions, the existing technology has the following drawbacks.

[0034] Disadvantage 1: Incomplete coverage in complex terrain, resulting in large areas of signal blind spots.

[0035] Conventional wireless networking solutions often employ a "single repeater + fixed star topology" architecture. This architecture suffers from two major problems: First, insufficient repeater deployment density. The effective coverage radius of a single repeater is typically no more than 2km, and it fails to fully utilize high ground such as mountaintops and hillsides for deployment. This results in severe signal attenuation of the 2.4G signal due to obstruction by mountains and vegetation, with signal attenuation reaching 25dB or more in such environments. Second, this solution lacks redundant repeater link design. When the distance between the wellhead and the repeater exceeds the effective coverage range, or when it is located in complex terrain areas such as ravines or steep slopes, the RSSI received by the repeater will be below -110dBm, making it difficult to establish a stable and reliable communication connection, leading to communication blind spots. Compared to fiber optic solutions, although they offer higher coverage stability, they have significant limitations. Fiber optic laying requires excavating trenches across ravines, resulting in high construction costs per kilometer. When the altitude difference exceeds 100m, the tensile loss of the fiber optic cable also increases exponentially. Furthermore, adding new wellheads requires re-excavation and laying, leading to poor compatibility for coverage expansion.

[0036] Disadvantage 2: Unstable transmission performance and weak anti-interference ability.

[0037] In conventional wireless networking solutions, the lack of fixed channel configuration and dynamic control mechanisms is a significant problem. In the complex electromagnetic environment of coalbed methane well sites, sudden electromagnetic interference sources such as oil pumping units and residential Wi-Fi can cause a sharp drop in the channel signal-to-noise ratio and a surge in data transmission packet loss. Furthermore, this solution lacks automatic channel switching, requiring manual on-site operation for fault diagnosis and channel adjustment. A single response time exceeds 45 minutes, leading to severe stuttering in 1080P high-definition video transmission and significant loss of sensor monitoring data, failing to meet the stringent real-time data transmission requirements of coalbed methane extraction. Compared to 4G SIM solutions, which rely on public network base stations, bandwidth is easily preempted during peak hours, reducing downlink speeds and making it impossible to support concurrent transmission of multiple 1080P video streams and well site data. Additionally, incomplete base station coverage in mountainous areas and the absence of 4G signals in many well sites result in data transmission interruptions.

[0038] Disadvantage 3: Low operation and maintenance efficiency and long fault recovery cycle.

[0039] Existing 2.4G wireless networking technology suffers from significant technical bottlenecks. Its system architecture lacks integrated remote control and intelligent diagnostic modules, leading to low operation and maintenance efficiency. Regarding antenna gain, the fixed design struggles to cope with complex environmental changes, especially in coalbed methane-rich terrain where seasonal vegetation growth (e.g., trees increasing 2-3 meters in height within six months) causes significant signal attenuation. Maintenance personnel must climb repeater poles and manually adjust antenna elevation angles or configure gain parameters, resulting in maintenance sessions of 4-8 hours per repeater. In terms of fault handling, the lack of an automated fault diagnosis system necessitates manual, point-by-point checks of potential fault sources such as power modules, communication links, and electromagnetic interference when the well site data transmission unit (DTU) or repeater experiences offline failure. The average fault location time exceeds 4 hours, and the system recovery cycle is over 8 hours, severely impacting the continuity and real-time performance of coalbed methane monitoring data acquisition.

[0040] Disadvantage 4: High long-term costs and poor economic efficiency.

[0041] In complex coalbed methane operations, the drawbacks of traditional 2.4G wireless networking solutions become apparent. Signal coverage blind spots force projects to deploy additional relay equipment, increasing costs. Furthermore, system maintenance is burdensome, requiring at least two on-site parameter optimizations and equipment debugging sessions per month, resulting in high annual labor costs. In terms of scalability, each new well requires not only the purchase of entirely new relay equipment but also manual parameter configuration. Meanwhile, 4G networking solutions require each terminal to be equipped with at least one industrial 4G SIM card, with SIM card data traffic charged per transaction. The large volumes of well site production data and video monitoring data lead to persistently high data costs. These combined factors result in the long-term operational economics of this solution falling far short of industry expectations.

[0042] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The terminology used in the implementation section of this application is for explaining specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0043] The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will recognize that, with technological advancements and the emergence of new scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are equally applicable to similar technical problems.

[0044] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms are interchangeable where appropriate; this is merely a way of distinguishing objects with the same attributes in the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements but may include other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to those processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0045] To resolve the aforementioned technical challenges as much as possible, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a wireless networking system for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Depend on Figure 1 As shown, multiple well sites A1, A2, and A3 are scattered throughout the mountainous area, with each well site (A1, A2, A3) deploying a data transmission unit (DTU). Specifically, the DTU at well site A1 is connected to a well site pressure sensor D1, a well site flow meter D2, and a 1080P high-definition camera D3, and processes the collected data. Correspondingly, the DTU at well site A2 is connected to a well site pressure sensor D4, a well site flow meter D5, and a 1080P high-definition camera D6. The DTU at well site A3 is connected to a well site pressure sensor D7, a well site flow meter D8, and a 1080P high-definition camera D9. 5.8G dual-mode wireless bridge repeaters (B1, B2, and B3) are deployed at three high points around the well sites. Among them, B1, B2, and B3 are connected by a ring network, and are connected to each well site A1, A2, and A3 by a star network. When a single 5.8G dual-mode wireless bridge repeater fails, the data can be transmitted through the other two repeaters, and finally the data is aggregated at the monitoring center platform C1 to realize remote unmanned monitoring of the well sites.

[0047] To further understand and describe the above Figure 1 For the working principles of each component shown, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a flowchart illustrating a wireless networking method for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application. It includes steps 201-203.

[0048] 201. Deploy a wireless network containing relay nodes and terminal nodes in a target area with complex terrain.

[0049] In some embodiments, in areas with complex terrain (e.g., vegetated areas, hillside gullies, etc.), multiple (usually three or more) geographically advantageous high points around the well site are selected to deploy high-performance 5.8G wireless relay nodes. These relay nodes are interconnected via wireless links to form a closed ring backbone network. This ring structure provides critical path redundancy for the system. Simultaneously, each relay node acts as a regional center, connected in a star topology to one or more wellhead data acquisition terminals (terminal nodes) within its coverage radius, forming multiple star-shaped subnetworks.

[0050] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 3 The illustrated embodiment.

[0051] 202. Perform periodic quality assessment and classification of the current working communication channel used by the relay node, and perform communication channel switching for different channel quality levels based on the assessment results; adjust the signal transmission gain for the corresponding relay node based on the signal attenuation information fed back by the terminal node.

[0052] In some embodiments, relay nodes periodically scan all available channels within the 5.8 GHz band, collecting key quality parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, or packet loss rate for each working communication channel. Based on these parameters, the system dynamically classifies the channel quality (e.g., excellent, good, poor) using algorithms such as cluster analysis. During operation, the system continuously monitors the quality of the currently used channel. Once the quality is detected to have dropped to a preset switching threshold (e.g., from "excellent" to below "good"), the system will automatically and quickly select a higher-quality channel from the available channel pool and perform channel switching.

[0053] Furthermore, the relay node continuously receives signal strength feedback from its subordinate terminal nodes, calculating real-time signal attenuation values ​​accordingly. Based on the preset threshold range of this attenuation value, the system automatically determines the current terrain obstruction level (e.g., light, moderate, severe). For different obstruction levels, the relay node automatically adjusts the gain of its transmitting antenna to a preset optimization range. For example, in a severe obstruction scenario, the system not only adjusts the gain to the highest safe range but may also utilize beamforming technology to concentrate the wireless signal energy into a narrow beam, precisely pointing it at the target terminal, thereby powerfully penetrating obstacles.

[0054] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The illustrated embodiment.

[0055] 203. In the monitoring center, the operating status of the wireless network is centrally monitored, and fault diagnosis is performed.

[0056] In some embodiments, the monitoring platform collects and displays key information such as the online status, link signal strength, currently used channel, and gain value of each node (including relay nodes and terminal nodes) in real time. More importantly, the monitoring platform has built-in intelligent fault diagnosis logic, which can quickly locate faulty nodes and causes (such as equipment failure or new obstructions) by comprehensively judging multiple conditions such as "node disconnection, low signal strength, and multiple failed gain adjustments".

[0057] For easier understanding, please refer to Figure 6 The illustrated embodiment.

[0058] This embodiment discloses a wireless networking method for complex terrain, where a ring network handles backbone data transmission and redundancy backup, while a star network efficiently covers dispersed terminals. This physical architecture maximizes adaptability to complex and discrete terrain features, laying the foundation for full-area coverage. Simultaneously, the channel switching process ensures the communication link always operates on a relatively clean channel, effectively avoiding sudden interference from devices such as oil pumping units and civilian Wi-Fi. Signal gain adjustment enables dynamic optimization of transmit power and antenna mode to combat varying environmental attenuation. Network monitoring and maintenance allow maintenance personnel to remotely issue commands such as channel switching and gain reset via the platform for repairs, or precisely dispatch personnel for on-site maintenance, greatly improving maintenance response speed and efficiency. The synergistic effect of these steps achieves the invention's objective of constructing a fully covered, highly stable, and easily maintained wireless communication system in complex coalbed methane terrain.

[0059] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating another wireless networking method for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application. It includes step 301.

[0060] 301. Deploy multiple relay nodes at high points in the target area with complex terrain so that the relay nodes can form a ring backbone network through wireless links.

[0061] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1As shown, the relay node is a 5.8G dual-mode wireless bridge repeater with a high receiving sensitivity of ≤-96dBm. The 5.8G dual-mode wireless bridge repeater is physically connected to well site pressure sensors D1, D4, and D7, well site flow meters D3, D5, and D8, and 1080P high-definition cameras D3, D6, and D9 (D1 to D9 can be understood as wellhead data acquisition terminals, i.e., terminal nodes) via explosion-proof armored cables. The well site pressure sensors and flow meters acquire data in real time at 1-second sampling intervals, and the high-definition cameras achieve a compression ratio of 240 times based on the H.265 encoding standard. By building a single-terminal multi-parameter acquisition architecture, the number of devices deployed is effectively reduced, significantly improving system integration and cost-effectiveness.

[0062] Furthermore, redundant access design can be implemented for relay nodes. The 5.8G dual-mode wireless bridge repeater incorporates a dual-link detection module, continuously monitoring the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of adjacent repeaters B1, B2, and B3. When the primary link RSSI value drops below -80dBm, the system automatically triggers a link switching mechanism, switching the primary link to a secondary link, with a switching latency controlled within ≤50ms. Simultaneously, repeaters B1, B2, and B3 use a dedicated 5.8GHz communication channel for synchronous data transmission. Based on a link self-healing mechanism, if one repeater fails, data can be routed through the other two, with a switching latency controlled within 180ms. Each repeater covers the surrounding well site in a star-shaped link configuration, with a 15% signal coverage overlap area, effectively eliminating signal blind spots. For mountainous areas without mains power access, the repeaters can also utilize a solar power system, for example, composed of an 800W monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel and an 800AH battery. This system enables the equipment to maintain operation for over 120 hours even under harsh conditions of continuous rain and overcast skies. The photovoltaic panel installation tilt angle is precisely designed according to the latitude of the well site to maximize light energy conversion efficiency. For ease of description, the repeaters used in the relay nodes will not be described in detail below.

[0063] This embodiment discloses a wireless networking method for complex terrain, which optimizes the deployment of multiple high-sensitivity relay nodes at high points in complex terrain to construct a ring backbone network with link redundancy and self-healing capabilities. The network connects each terminal via star-shaped links with overlapping coverage, fundamentally solving the problems of signal blind spots and single points of failure in complex terrain from a physical topology perspective. By introducing a dual-link detection and fast switching mechanism (≤50ms / 180ms), combined with a solar power system, the system achieves highly reliable and uninterrupted communication even in extreme environments. Simultaneously, the terminal layer employs multi-parameter integrated acquisition and efficient data compression, significantly improving system integration, bandwidth utilization, and deployment economy. The overall solution achieves stable, low-power wireless monitoring coverage of the entire coalbed methane well site in complex terrain without the need for laying fiber optic cables or relying on mains power.

[0064] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating another wireless networking method for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application. It includes steps 401-403.

[0065] 401. Periodically scan multiple communication channels in the target frequency band used by the relay node, and collect signal-to-noise ratio data and packet loss rate data for each communication channel.

[0066] In some embodiments, each relay node in the system can be centrally scheduled by the monitoring center to perform a full-band or selective scan of all available working communication channels covered by the 5.8 GHz band at fixed time intervals (e.g., 30 seconds). During the scan, the relay node's radio frequency module listens to each communication channel and collects key quality parameters, mainly including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), packet reception success rate or packet loss rate, and background noise intensity (e.g., interference source intensity). This data is uploaded to the analysis module of the monitoring center in real time.

[0067] 402. By analyzing the signal-to-noise ratio data and packet loss rate data using clustering algorithms, each communication channel is divided into multiple communication channels with different channel quality levels.

[0068] In some embodiments, the system employs data analysis algorithms (e.g., K-means clustering) to process the collected set of channel quality parameters (such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data and packet loss rate data). The algorithm uses SNR and packet loss rate as the primary feature dimensions to automatically divide the channel into multiple quality levels. In a preferred embodiment, the system sets SNR of 18 dB and 12 dB as initial cluster centers, dividing the channel into three clarity levels, wherein:

[0069] Superior channel: Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ≥ 18dB and packet loss rate ≤ 2% is considered the best communication channel.

[0070] Good channel: Signal-to-noise ratio 12dB≤SNR<18dB, packet loss rate between 2% and 5%, is considered a usable channel but requires monitoring.

[0071] Differential channel: Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) < 12dB, or packet loss rate > 5%, is considered a channel that is severely interfered with and should be avoided.

[0072] In one embodiment, during the identification of interference sources, a spectrum analysis technology system can be used to identify the type of interference source and locate the channel. Interference sources are classified by analyzing signal characteristic parameters: for Wi-Fi interference, identification is based on its 20MHz standard bandwidth and periodic signal characteristics; for industrial electromagnetic interference, the determination is based on its wide spectrum and non-periodic signal characteristics. Regarding channel assessment, when a channel in the 5.8GHz band has a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) below 12dB, it is identified as a high-interference channel and marked (e.g., marked as a differential channel). Information about the marked high-interference channel, such as channel coding, real-time SNR value, and interference determination time, is written into the repeater's local non-volatile memory, which is not lost after power failure. Simultaneously, this marking information is uploaded back to the station control and monitoring center in real time.

[0073] 403. When the quality level of the current working communication channel is lower than the preset quality level, the communication link of the relay node is switched to a higher quality communication channel, and the higher quality communication channel is used as the target working communication channel.

[0074] In some embodiments, each relay node operates on a currently selected channel at any given time. The system continuously monitors the real-time quality of the currently operating communication channel. Once the quality level is detected to drop to a preset handover trigger level (e.g., from "Excellent" to "Good", or directly to "Poor"), and there is a backup channel in the system that has been identified as "Excellent", the channel management module will immediately trigger the handover logic. The system will select the optimal channel from the "Excellent" channel pool, taking into account factors such as distance and historical stability, as the target channel, and initiate the handover process, thereby ensuring that data transmission always takes place on a high-quality channel.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, a soft handover mechanism can be triggered before the communication link with the original working communication channel is interrupted, so as to establish a new communication link on the target working communication channel; wherein, the new communication link is used for communication interaction between the relay node and the terminal node.

[0076] For example, when deciding to switch from the current working communication channel (channel A) to the target channel (channel B), the switching command is issued through a dedicated control channel or through the currently stable data link. The relay node and the target communication peer (another relay node or terminal) first synchronize frequency and time on channel B, and exchange or synchronize new communication parameters, such as encryption keys and modulation methods. During this stage, existing data communication on channel A remains unaffected and continues normally. After synchronization, both parties establish a new, complete communication link on channel B. At this point, the system is temporarily in a dual-link parallel state, maintaining connections on both channel A and channel B simultaneously. New service data streams are guided to channel B for transmission, while the link on channel A serves as a backup, still transmitting residual data packets or maintaining monitoring. Once it is confirmed that the new link on channel B has been stably established and all critical data has been successfully migrated, the system issues a command to systematically disconnect the old connection on channel A. The total latency of the entire switching process is strictly controlled within an extremely short time (e.g., ≤50ms).

[0077] In short, when the system detects that the current communication channel quality has deteriorated to a preset threshold (based on 18dB / 12dB; when poor channel quality is detected, the repeater internally performs optimal channel switching, A1 transmits to B1, and after switching to the optimal channel, A1 still transmits to B1), that is, the quality level changes from "excellent" to "good," or directly reaches "poor," and an available "excellent channel" exists, the repeater (such as B1) will immediately trigger the channel switching mechanism. Through a dedicated 5.8G control channel independent of the data transmission link, the system pre-compiles the frequency calibration of the target channel and the synchronization of the encryption key. Employing a "build-before-disconnect" lossless soft handover technology, the system ensures that the end-to-end handover latency does not exceed 50ms, thereby achieving zero packet loss during data transmission and guaranteeing the continuity and stability of communication.

[0078] This embodiment discloses a wireless networking method for complex terrain. Through periodic channel quality scanning, cluster-based intelligent hierarchical classification, and a "build-before-disconnect" soft handover mechanism, a dynamic and adaptive anti-interference channel management system is constructed. This system can identify and avoid high-interference channels (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio ≤12dB) in real time and accurately, prioritizing high-quality channels (SNR≥18dB), thereby ensuring that the communication link always operates on the optimal frequency band. Its core technology, "soft handover," pre-establishes and synchronizes a new link before disconnecting the old one, controlling the total handover latency to the millisecond level (≤50ms), achieving seamless communication handover and zero packet loss in data transmission. This series of mechanisms fundamentally solves the problems of transmission instability, video stuttering, and data loss caused by sudden channel interference and delayed response of fixed channel configuration in complex industrial electromagnetic environments, significantly improving the transmission reliability and real-time performance of the entire wireless networking system.

[0079] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating another wireless networking method for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application. It includes steps 501-503.

[0080] 501. Based on the different signal threshold ranges where the signal attenuation information is located, and in conjunction with the pre-stored terrain parameters, determine the current occlusion intensity level.

[0081] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 The relay nodes (B1, B2, B3) employ a real-time polling mechanism, continuously receiving Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) or Link Quality Indication (LQI) periodically reported by their subordinate terminal units (DTUs). Based on this, the system calculates the difference between the transmitted and received signal strengths, i.e., the real-time signal attenuation value. This attenuation value is transmitted to the gain control module in real time. The module internally presets multiple attenuation thresholds (e.g., a first threshold of 10dB, a second threshold of 25dB), and automatically and accurately classifies the signal attenuation information into multiple signal attenuation strength levels according to the threshold range it falls within. For example:

[0082] Mild attenuation: Signal attenuation value ≤10dB.

[0083] Moderate attenuation: 10dB < signal attenuation value ≤ 25dB.

[0084] Severe attenuation: Signal attenuation value >25dB.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, the repeater (e.g., B1) employs a real-time polling mechanism to periodically receive signal attenuation values ​​reported by the corresponding data transmission unit (DTU, e.g., A1). This parameter is defined as the difference between the relay transmit power and the terminal receive power. The system continuously updates the dynamic attenuation data sequence with a sampling period of 1 second.

[0086] Terrain data matching: Repeaters (such as B1) use API interfaces to call pre-stored geographic information databases to accurately retrieve pre-stored terrain parameters of the target wellhead, including the elevation difference between the wellhead and the repeater. ), horizontal straight-line distance ( The parameters include the terrain features and the type of obstruction (vegetation, mountains, buildings, etc.). A quantized mapping model of terrain features and signal attenuation is constructed based on multi-dimensional parameters.

[0087] Occlusion intensity classification. The system jointly analyzes real-time signal attenuation data with terrain parameters and classifies occlusion intensity into three levels: mild, moderate, and severe, based on preset classification standards, providing a quantitative basis for network optimization. For easier understanding, please refer to Table 1 below.

[0088]

[0089] 502. For different current obstruction intensity levels, adjust the signal transmission gain of the relay node to the preset corresponding gain range.

[0090] In some embodiments, the system pre-stores a gain configuration mapping table for different attenuation levels. Once the current attenuation level is determined, the gain control module immediately sends a command to the RF front-end of the relay node to adjust the gain of the transmitting antenna to the preset corresponding gain range. The specific mapping relationship can be designed as follows:

[0091] For mild attenuation (low obstruction scenarios (signal attenuation ≤10dB)), adjust the antenna gain to a lower range (e.g., 12-18dBi) to ensure coverage while avoiding signal overflow that could cause adjacent channel interference. This gain range satisfies signal coverage requirements while effectively avoiding signal overflow caused by excessive gain. Signal overflow will lead to mutual interference between adjacent channels, resulting in a 3-5dB decrease in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

[0092] For moderate attenuation (medium obstruction scenarios (10dB < signal attenuation ≤ 25dB)), the antenna gain is increased to a medium range (e.g., 18-24dBi) to enhance signal penetration through vegetation and overcome terrain undulations. By increasing the signal transmit power, the ability to penetrate vegetation is significantly improved. This adjustment strategy can increase the received signal strength indication (RSSI) of the terminal by 8-12dB, ensuring the stability and reliability of data transmission.

[0093] For severe attenuation (high obstruction scenarios (signal attenuation > 25dB)), the antenna gain is adjusted to the safe upper limit range allowed by the equipment (e.g., 24-28dBi) to maximize the transmit power and compensate for the huge loss caused by severe obstruction. That is, a dual optimization strategy is implemented: on the one hand, the antenna gain is adjusted to the safe upper limit of 24-28dBi to avoid exceeding the rated power of the equipment; on the other hand, the well site terminal DTU, such as A1, sends beamforming commands (wherein, the beamforming commands can be referred to step 503).

[0094] In some embodiments, after the gain adjustment command is issued, the system starts a 10-second countdown verification window. The repeater (e.g., B1) continuously receives real-time RSSI feedback from the DTU within 10 seconds, and uses the time-weighted average as the verification basis. Based on the signal attenuation characteristics of low, medium, and high obstruction scenarios, a differentiated secondary fine-tuning strategy is executed. The verification process terminates when RSSI ≥ -85dBm or the number of fine-tuning attempts reaches 3. If the target is not met after 3 fine-tuning attempts, the system triggers an alarm, prompting maintenance personnel to investigate hardware faults (such as antenna offset or new obstructions).

[0095] Fine-tuning strategies for low-obstruction scenarios. For example, use a 1dBi step size for gain fine-tuning. Because the signal propagation path is clear in low-obstruction scenarios, the signal margin is sufficient after the initial gain adjustment. Small step sizes can avoid co-channel interference caused by excessive gain, while ensuring the stability of long-distance transmission. Verification points: If the initial average RSSI is < -85dBm, decrease the gain step by step in 1dBi increments, and re-enter the 10-second verification window after each adjustment. Usually, one fine-tuning is sufficient to meet the RSSI threshold requirement. If three fine-tunings fail to meet the standard, prioritize investigating interference from neighboring Wi-Fi networks or slight antenna angle offsets.

[0096] Fine-tuning strategies for moderately obstructed scenarios. For example, a standard step size of 2dBi is used for gain fine-tuning. In this scenario, signal attenuation is caused by partial vegetation or terrain obstruction. The standard step size can balance gain adjustment efficiency and signal stability, avoiding signal fluctuations caused by excessively large step sizes. Verification points: If the average RSSI does not meet the standard on the first attempt, adjust the gain step by step in 2dBi increments (up or down, depending on the RSSI trend). During the adjustment process, the channel quality detection module is activated. If the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases, the system switches to a preset low-interference channel to improve the success rate of fine-tuning. If the standard is still not met after two fine-tunings, wind scattering or vegetation swaying obstruction in shallow gully areas needs to be investigated.

[0097] Fine-tuning strategies for high-obstruction scenarios. For example, use a 3dBi step size to perform gain fine-tuning, while simultaneously issuing beamforming parameter optimization commands. Signal attenuation is severe in high-obstruction scenarios, requiring a significant increase in gain to compensate for losses. A large 3dBi step size can quickly increase the RSSI value; simultaneously adjusting the phase weighting algorithm parameters further compresses the narrow beamwidth to 5°, enhancing signal penetration and anti-obstruction capabilities. Verification points: If the initial average RSSI is significantly lower than -85dBm (difference > 10dB), two-stage 3dBi step size adjustments can be directly executed; after each gain increase, verify that the equipment's transmit power is within the rated safe range (avoid exceeding the power limits of explosion-proof equipment). If three fine-tuning attempts fail to meet the requirements, prioritize investigating multipath reflection interference from deep ravines, signal absorption loss from dense vegetation, or new issues caused by terrain obstruction at the repeater installation location.

[0098] 503. If the current obstruction intensity level is severe, activate the beamforming mechanism to direct the relay node's transmitted signal beam toward the target terminal node.

[0099] In some embodiments, if the current obstruction intensity level is severe, the system will simultaneously activate the beamforming mechanism while adjusting the antenna gain to the highest safe range. The control command includes not only the gain value but also a set of phase weighting coefficients calculated by the beamforming algorithm. The multi-antenna array (or smart antenna system) inside the relay node precisely adjusts the phase and amplitude of the transmitted signals from multiple antenna elements based on the received phase coefficients. Its core effect is to spatially synthesize the energy of the originally omnidirectional or wide-angle transmitted wireless signal into an extremely narrow, high-gain main beam (the beamwidth can be as narrow as...). The beam's direction is not fixed, but dynamically controlled by an algorithm based on the target terminal node's real-time location information (calculated from beacon signals fed back by the terminal or pre-stored geographical locations) to ensure that the central axis of the main beam is precisely aligned with the target terminal node.

[0100] This embodiment discloses a wireless networking method for complex terrain, which achieves precise signal compensation for complex and dynamic terrain through adaptive control of the link. The system can automatically match and execute a preset gain strategy based on real-time attenuation values ​​(e.g., >25dB indicates severe obstruction), and combine it with a fine-tuning mechanism with closed-loop verification to ensure the adjustment effect (target RSSI ≥ -85dBm). Especially when dealing with extreme obstruction scenarios, by activating the beamforming mechanism, high gain is combined with precise narrow beam pointing, which not only increases the effective radiated power in the target direction but also effectively suppresses multipath interference and energy scattering, and can reduce signal loss by 10-15dB in actual measurements. This solution completely changes the traditional fixed gain mode, realizing imperceptible and automatic adaptation to dynamic factors such as vegetation growth and terrain undulations, greatly improving the link stability and coverage reliability of the system in harsh environments, while significantly reducing the frequency and safety risks of manual climbing for maintenance.

[0101] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating another wireless networking method for complex terrain disclosed in an embodiment of this application. It includes steps 601-603.

[0102] 601. Real-time acquisition and display of communication link status, channel quality parameters, and signal strength parameters between relay nodes and terminal nodes.

[0103] In some embodiments, the monitoring center maintains communication with all relay nodes and core terminal nodes via a dedicated backhaul link. The central software dynamically presents the entire wireless network topology in a graphical interface, including icons of all relay nodes and terminal nodes, their physical connections, and their current connection status (online / offline). Furthermore, real-time operating parameters for each node, such as signal strength index (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), current operating channel, transmit gain, data throughput, and packet loss rate, are simultaneously displayed next to the corresponding node in numerical or dashboard format, providing maintenance personnel with a comprehensive view of network health.

[0104] In a preferred technical solution, combined with Figure 1 and the above Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the system (such as the station control platform software) dynamically displays the online status of the 5.8G dual-mode wireless bridge repeaters B1, B2, and B3 and the data transmission units (DTUs) A1, A2, and A3 in real time, simultaneously displaying the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), current gain value, and obstruction intensity level. A hierarchical color coding mechanism is used to achieve visual early warning. For example:

[0105] Channel quality: A three-color grading system is used to visually represent the transmission status. Green indicates "Excellent," signifying that the signal transmission is in a stable and efficient range; yellow indicates "Good," indicating that there is slight interference in the current channel and continuous monitoring is required; red indicates "Poor," signifying that the channel quality has significantly deteriorated and a fault diagnosis mechanism needs to be initiated immediately.

[0106] Occlusion Level: The degree of environmental impact is quantified by color gradient. Light green corresponds to "low occlusion," where environmental interference with signal transmission is negligible; yellow corresponds to "medium occlusion," where the risk of signal attenuation needs to be considered; red corresponds to "high occlusion," which may cause data transmission link interruption, and it is recommended to prioritize environmental optimization measures.

[0107] 602. Based on the communication link status, channel quality parameters, and signal strength parameters, the node status of relay nodes and terminal nodes is judged according to multiple preset fault judgment conditions in order to locate the faulty node.

[0108] In some embodiments, the intelligent analysis engine built into the monitoring center goes beyond simple status display; it proactively performs fault assessment. The engine continuously receives heartbeat packets, performance reports, and alarm information from each node. It makes a joint judgment based on multiple preset fault determination conditions. When a specific combination of conditions is met, the system does not simply report "node offline," but is able to locate the specific faulty node (such as "repeater B2" or "wellhead terminal A3"), and preliminarily analyze the possible major categories of the fault (such as communication link failure, power failure, equipment hardware failure, etc.), generating a structured fault report to provide precise guidance for subsequent maintenance actions. Specifically, the monitoring center monitors the "heartbeat" signals reported by each node at regular intervals. If heartbeat packets are continuously lost for more than a preset duration (e.g., >3 seconds), it indicates that the node may have lost its communication capability or experienced a serious anomaly.

[0109] If a node's received signal strength is below a threshold, even if the node is online, if its reported Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) remains below a critical alarm threshold (e.g., <-90dBm), it indicates extremely poor wireless link quality, potentially on the verge of communication interruption, or ineffective operation due to obstruction or interference. When the system detects severe link attenuation and attempts automatic gain adjustment (and possibly beamforming), if the terminal's reported RSSI fails to improve to a acceptable level (e.g., ≥-85dBm) within the maximum allowed number of attempts (e.g., 3 times), it indicates that the automatic optimization mechanism has failed.

[0110] In a preferred technical solution, remote configuration supports dynamic adjustment of multiple parameters. The channel scanning period can be flexibly set between 10 and 30 seconds, the gain adjustment step size supports fine-tuning from 2 to 5 dBi, and the RSSI stability threshold can be customized within the range of -80 to -90 dBm, meeting the differentiated deployment needs in complex scenarios. In fault diagnosis, faults are determined based on a multi-factor approach: heartbeat packet loss timeout > 3 seconds + RSSI < -90 dBm + 3 failed fine-tuning attempts. The positioning accuracy is ≤ 100 m, and a fault report is automatically generated (including possible causes: antenna failure / new obstruction). Simultaneously, the system supports automated generation of daily, weekly, and monthly transmission performance analysis reports. Core indicators cover key parameters such as average packet loss rate, dynamic gain adjustment frequency, terrain obstruction level distribution, and fault response and repair timeliness, providing quantitative basis for network optimization and operation and maintenance decisions. Meanwhile, the system monitors the relay equipment's operating status in real time. An alarm will be triggered if any of the following abnormalities occur: the equipment is offline for more than 1 minute, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is below 12dB, the data packet loss rate is above 5%, or three consecutive gain adjustments fail to reach the preset threshold. The audible and visual alarm terminal employs a three-level warning mechanism—red (urgent), yellow (important), and blue (general)—based on the severity of the fault, enabling rapid fault identification through visual and audible signals. Simultaneously, the system will automatically send an SMS notification containing the fault location coordinates and standardized handling procedures to maintenance personnel within 10 seconds, ensuring accurate fault information delivery and providing strong support for efficient operation and maintenance.

[0111] 603. When another terminal node is added in the target area, the monitoring center configures the other terminal node to connect it to the star subnetwork to which the neighboring relay node belongs.

[0112] In some embodiments, a terminal unit (DTU) and associated sensors are installed at the new wellhead. Maintenance personnel do not need to be physically present to perform complex wireless parameter adjustments. They only need to manually or semi-automatically specify the nearest relay node (usually the one with the strongest signal) to which the new DTU will connect via the monitoring center's software interface. The monitoring center remotely sends configuration instructions containing parameters such as network identifier, security key, communication channel, and initial gain to the specified relay node and the new DTU through the existing network. Upon receiving the instructions, the relay node and the new DTU automatically complete the link discovery, authentication, and connection establishment process.

[0113] This embodiment discloses a wireless networking method for complex terrain, which transforms complex network operating parameters (such as link status, signal strength, channel quality, and obstruction level) into an intuitive graphical interface and hierarchical early warning, achieving transparent management of network health. Simultaneously, it employs multi-condition joint judgment logic (such as heartbeat timeout, low signal strength, and automatic adjustment failure) to achieve precise location of faulty nodes (accuracy ≤100m) and preliminary root cause analysis, transforming fault diagnosis from time-consuming manual point-by-point testing to minute-level automatic diagnosis, and supporting remote parameter adjustment to repair most soft faults. Furthermore, the system supports remote configuration of new nodes through a monitoring center, eliminating the need for on-site debugging during network expansion and significantly reducing expansion costs and timelines.

[0114] In combination with the above Figures 2 to 6 The illustrated embodiments can achieve several technical effects.

[0115] Technical benefit 1: Complete coverage of complex terrain with no blind spots (addressing drawback 1).

[0116] The technical solution proposed in this application completely solves the coverage blind spot problem of existing networking schemes in complex coalbed methane terrain through a triple collaborative technology design of "topology architecture optimization + dynamic signal control + hardware performance enhancement".

[0117] ① Ring-Star Redundant Topology Eliminates Blind Spots: Three 5.8G dual-mode wireless networking repeaters, B1, B2, and B3, are precisely deployed at the highest points of the well site to construct a ring redundant link. In the event of a single repeater failure, data can be transmitted through the other two repeaters, avoiding coverage interruption caused by single-point failure. At the same time, each repeater covers the surrounding wellheads with a star-shaped link, setting a 15% coverage overlap rate, effectively filling the "edge coverage gap" defect of traditional star topologies in complex terrain.

[0118] ② Anti-terrain obstruction control to improve signal penetration: For different obstruction scenarios in coalbed methane well sites, a graded gain strategy is adopted—the antenna gain is adjusted to 12-18 dBi for low obstruction (attenuation ≤ 10dB) (to avoid signal overflow causing adjacent channel interference), to 18-24 dBi for medium obstruction (10dB < attenuation ≤ 25dB) (to enhance signal penetration through vegetation), and to 24-28 dBi for high obstruction (attenuation > 25dB). Simultaneously, beamforming technology is activated to compress the beamwidth to 5°-10° and focus on the target wellhead direction, which can reduce vegetation / mountain obstruction loss by 10-15dB. Even in deep ravine areas (signal attenuation > 25dB), the RSSI received by the wellhead DTU can still be stably maintained at ≥ -85dBm.

[0119] ③ Hardware performance guarantees weak signal reception: The repeater adopts a high-sensitivity receiver design (receiver sensitivity ≤ -96dBm), which is 6dB higher than the ordinary 2.4G solution. It can still receive data stably in weak signal scenarios (such as steep slope wellheads), further expanding the effective coverage area.

[0120] Technical benefit 2: Stable transmission and strong anti-interference ability (solving disadvantage 2).

[0121] The technical solution of this application constructs a multi-dimensional anti-interference transmission guarantee system through "intelligent channel management + data transmission optimization," thereby solving the problem of poor transmission stability in existing solutions.

[0122] ① Dynamic channel switching to avoid interference: The channel gain control module of the core gateway layer periodically scans the 5.8GHz full-band channels every 30 seconds and implements channel quality classification based on clustering algorithm (excellent: SNR≥18dB, good: 12dB≤SNR<18dB, poor: SNR<12dB), and prioritizes the use of excellent channels to transmit data; when the current channel is interfered with (such as electromagnetic radiation from drilling rigs, residential Wi-Fi, high-voltage line noise) and the quality degrades, it switches to the backup excellent channel through the "build first, then disconnect" soft handover mechanism (handover delay ≤40ms), realizing seamless handover and avoiding the problem of "continuous interference causing data packet loss" in the traditional fixed channel scheme.

[0123] ② Data compression optimization improves bandwidth utilization: The well site data transmission units (DTUs) (A1, A2, A3) perform secondary compression on 1080P monitoring video using the H.265+ encoding standard, achieving a compression ratio of 12:1. The bandwidth of a single video channel is reduced from the traditional 2-4Mbps to 1.5-2.5Mbps. Even if the channel bandwidth fluctuates, it can still support the concurrent transmission of 8 video channels (ordinary 2.4G solutions only support 1-2 channels), meeting the needs of simultaneous monitoring of multiple wellheads.

[0124] ③ Precise location of interference source shortens interference duration: By receiving the signal strength difference of the same interference source through 3 repeaters, and combining it with the triangulation algorithm, the interference source (such as antenna displacement or tree obstruction) can be quickly located. Maintenance personnel can accurately troubleshoot and shorten the interference duration from several hours in the traditional solution to less than 30 minutes. A triangulation network is constructed by deploying three identical repeaters in a triangular distributed pattern at high points around the well site. Millisecond-level time synchronization is achieved using the NTP protocol. When any repeater detects a high interference signal (SNR≤10dB), all three devices are triggered to synchronously collect RSSI data of the interference source and complete source verification. Then, based on a logarithmic distance path loss model adapted to the well site terrain, the RSSI difference is converted into distance. The three-dimensional coordinates of the interference source are solved using a triangulation algorithm combined with the least squares method, achieving a positioning accuracy of ≤30m. Differentiated optimization strategies are employed for low, medium, and high obstruction scenarios. After positioning, the control center generates alarm information containing the location and type of the interference source and pushes it to the station control center system to assist maintenance personnel in quickly troubleshooting (such as antenna displacement, tree obstruction, etc.). Combined with real-time RSSI curve guidance and closed-loop verification, interference is eliminated within 30 minutes.

[0125] Technical benefit 3: High efficiency in operation and maintenance, and fast fault recovery (addressing disadvantage 3).

[0126] The technical solution proposed in this application significantly reduces operation and maintenance costs and shortens fault handling time through "automated control + remote intelligent management," thus solving the problem of inefficient operation and maintenance in existing solutions.

[0127] ① Automatic gain adjustment reduces manual intervention: The signal gain adjustment mechanism against terrain obstruction is based on the dual detection logic of well site data transmission unit (DTU) attenuation feedback + pre-stored terrain data. It can automatically adapt to dynamic scene changes such as seasonal vegetation growth and temporary obstructions (such as construction debris), eliminating the need for manual climbing of relay towers (traditional solutions require on-site gain adjustment twice a month); the frequency of operation and maintenance is reduced to once a quarter, reducing the workload of operation and maintenance by about 83%, while eliminating the safety risks of climbing in mountainous areas.

[0128] ② Intelligent fault diagnosis improves positioning efficiency: The monitoring center platform (C1) uses a multi-factor joint judgment based on heartbeat packet loss timeout > 3s + RSSI < -90dBm + 3 failed fine-tuning attempts to determine the fault. It can complete the fault point location within 1 minute with a positioning accuracy of ≤100m and automatically generate a fault report, marking possible causes such as antenna offset and new obstructions, thus avoiding the inefficiency of the traditional solution of "manual point-by-point inspection taking more than 2 hours".

[0129] ③ Remote repair simplifies the fault handling process: More than 80% of faults (such as channel interference and insufficient gain) can be resolved by issuing control commands remotely (such as switching channels and fine-tuning gains) without on-site intervention; for faults that require on-site handling (such as antenna physical offset), due to the accurate fault location, maintenance personnel can directly carry tools to the fault point, shortening the fault repair cycle from 6 hours in the traditional solution to ≤45 minutes.

[0130] Technical benefit 4: Low cost and excellent economic efficiency (solving disadvantage 1).

[0131] This application's technical solution optimizes the system's total lifecycle cost through "reduced hardware deployment + operational cost control + flexible expansion design," thus addressing the poor economic performance of existing solutions.

[0132] ① Reduced hardware deployment costs: The ring-star topology reduces the number of repeaters—for multiple well sites, only 3 repeaters need to be deployed, significantly reducing procurement costs. Simultaneously, the wireless networking design eliminates the cost of trench excavation and fiber optic cable laying per kilometer compared to fiber optic solutions, reducing costs and increasing efficiency, making it particularly suitable for mountainous well sites.

[0133] ② Controllable operation and maintenance costs: Automatic gain adjustment and remote fault diagnosis reduce the frequency of on-site operation and maintenance, and the annual operation and maintenance labor cost is lower than that of traditional solutions; The solar power supply system adopts 800W photovoltaic panels + 800Ah maintenance-free gel lead-acid batteries, which do not require the introduction of mains power, enabling rapid deployment and use, and greatly shortening the construction period.

[0134] ③Low expansion cost: Only two 5.8G dual-mode wireless bridge repeaters are needed for each new wellhead. They can be remotely configured through the monitoring center to connect to the system without on-site debugging, which is suitable for the future expansion needs of the well site.

[0135] The core technological innovation of this application lies in the adoption of a "ring-star dynamic redundant topology architecture." Through a design of "ring redundancy on the backbone + star expansion on the branches," it solves the problems of incomplete coverage and weak fault tolerance in single-topology networks under complex terrain. The dual-link redundancy of the ring backbone and the dynamic access mechanism of the star subnetworks achieve high reliability and flexibility in the network. Combined with real-time monitoring and rapid switching by the topology management module, it ensures uninterrupted system operation under extreme terrain or node failures. The specific implementation process for deploying this redundant topology architecture is as follows:

[0136] First, topographic data of the coalbed methane extraction area (including elevation differences, distribution of obstructions, gully widths, and distribution of extraction points) is obtained through drone aerial photography combined with on-site surveys. Based on the surveyed topographic data, the planning and node deployment of a ring-star dynamic redundant topology are completed.

[0137] Ring backbone planning: Based on the scope and terrain of the mining area, the coverage of the ring backbone is planned. Three repeaters are deployed on relatively flat terrain with less obstruction to amplify the nodes and ensure that the main link line-of-sight transmission path between nodes accounts for ≥70%, forming a closed ring backbone.

[0138] Star subnetwork planning: Each relay amplification node serves as the center of the star subnetwork, covering terminal acquisition nodes within an 800-meter radius, ensuring that each terminal acquisition node can establish communication with at least one relay amplification node;

[0139] Central control center node deployment: Deployed at the center of the ring backbone, it establishes an independent communication link with each relay amplification node of the ring backbone to achieve centralized management and control of the entire ring-star topology.

[0140] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least a portion of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0141] The above describes a wireless networking method for complex terrain provided by embodiments of this application. The following describes the apparatus for implementing the above-described wireless networking method for complex terrain. Please refer to... Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a wireless networking device for complex terrain, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 As shown, the wireless networking device for complex terrain includes:

[0142] Deployment unit 701 is used to deploy a wireless network containing relay nodes and terminal nodes in a target area with complex terrain, wherein multiple relay nodes form a ring backbone network and each relay node and at least one terminal node form a star subnetwork.

[0143] The execution unit 702 is used to periodically assess and classify the quality of the current working communication channel used by the relay node, and to perform communication channel switching of different channel quality levels according to the assessment results; and to adjust the signal transmission gain of the corresponding relay node according to the signal attenuation information fed back by the terminal node.

[0144] The execution unit 702 is also used to centrally monitor the operating status of the wireless network in the monitoring center and perform fault diagnosis; wherein the operating status of the wireless network includes at least one of the channel status of the communication channel after switching, or the signal gain status of the communication channel.

[0145] Exemplarily, the device includes:

[0146] Deployment unit 701 is specifically used to deploy multiple relay nodes at high points in the target area of ​​complex terrain, so that the relay nodes can form a ring backbone network through wireless links; wherein, the multiple terminal nodes covered by each relay node form a star subnetwork, and each relay node covers at least one wellhead data acquisition terminal through the star subnetwork.

[0147] For example, the device further includes: a data acquisition unit 703, an analysis unit 704, and a switching unit 705;

[0148] The acquisition unit 703 is used to periodically scan multiple communication channels in the target frequency band used by the relay node and acquire signal-to-noise ratio data and packet loss rate data of each communication channel.

[0149] Analysis unit 704 is used to analyze signal-to-noise ratio data and packet loss rate data through clustering algorithms, and divide each communication channel into multiple communication channels with different channel quality levels.

[0150] The switching unit 705 is used to switch the communication link of the relay node to a higher quality communication channel when the quality level of the current working communication channel is lower than the preset quality level, and to use the higher quality communication channel as the target working communication channel; wherein, the target working communication channel is used for the relay node and the terminal node to form a network.

[0151] Exemplarily, the device further includes: a trigger unit 706;

[0152] The triggering unit 706 is used to trigger a soft handover mechanism before interrupting the communication link with the original working communication channel, so as to establish a new communication link on the target working communication channel; wherein, the new communication link is used for communication interaction between the relay node and the terminal node.

[0153] For example, the device further includes: a determining unit 707 and an adjusting unit 708;

[0154] The determining unit 707 is used to determine the current occlusion intensity level based on the different signal threshold ranges where the signal attenuation information is located, combined with pre-stored terrain parameters;

[0155] The adjustment unit 708 is used to adjust the signal transmission gain of the relay node to a preset corresponding gain range for different current occlusion intensity levels.

[0156] The device also includes: a starting unit 711;

[0157] The activation unit 711 is used to activate the beamforming mechanism when the current obstruction intensity level is severe, so that the transmitted signal beam of the relay node is directed to the target terminal node.

[0158] For example, the device further includes: a determination unit 709;

[0159] The acquisition unit 703 is specifically used to acquire and display in real time the communication link status, channel quality parameters and signal strength parameters between the relay node and the terminal node;

[0160] The judgment unit 709 is used to judge the node status of relay nodes and terminal nodes based on multiple preset fault judgment conditions according to the communication link status, channel quality parameters and signal strength parameters, so as to locate the faulty node; wherein the faulty node includes a relay node or a terminal node; the fault judgment conditions include at least one of the following: the node heartbeat packet of the relay node is lost and timed out, the signal strength received by the relay node is lower than a preset strength threshold, or the signal gain adjustment of the relay node fails continuously.

[0161] Exemplarily, the device further includes: a configuration unit 710;

[0162] Configuration unit 710 is used to configure another terminal node through the monitoring center when another terminal node is added in the target area, so as to connect the other terminal node to the star subnetwork to which the neighboring relay node belongs.

[0163] This application also provides an electronic device in its embodiments. (See reference...) Figure 8 The diagram illustrates a structural schematic of an electronic device suitable for implementing the wireless networking method for complex terrain as described in the embodiments of this application. The electronic device in the embodiments of this application may include, but is not limited to, fixed terminals such as mobile phones, laptops, PDAs (personal digital assistants), PADs (tablet computers), desktop computers, etc. Figure 8 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of this application.

[0164] like Figure 8As shown, the electronic device may include a processing unit (e.g., a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.) 801, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 802 or a program loaded from a storage device 808 into a random access memory (RAM) 803. When the electronic device is powered on, the RAM 803 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device. The processing unit 801, ROM 802, and RAM 803 are interconnected via a bus 804. An input / output (I / O) interface 805 is also connected to the bus 804.

[0165] Typically, the following devices can be connected to I / O interface 805: input devices 806 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, cameras, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 807 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; storage devices 808 including, for example, memory cards, hard drives, etc.; and communication devices 809. Communication device 809 allows electronic devices to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data. Although Figure 8 Electronic devices with various means are shown, but it should be understood that implementation or possession of all the means shown is not required. More or fewer means may be implemented alternatively.

[0166] This application also provides a computer program product including computer-readable instructions, which, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to implement any of the wireless networking methods for complex terrain provided in this application.

[0167] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium carrying one or more computer programs. When the one or more computer programs are executed by an electronic device, the electronic device can implement any of the wireless networking methods for complex terrain provided in this application.

[0168] It should also be noted that the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. In addition, in the device embodiment drawings provided in this application, the connection relationship between modules indicates that they have a communication connection, which can be implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines.

[0169] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that this application can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware, or it can be implemented by special-purpose hardware including application-specific integrated circuits, special-purpose CPUs, special-purpose memory, special-purpose components, etc. Generally, any function performed by a computer program can be easily implemented by corresponding hardware, and the specific hardware structure used to implement the same function can also be diverse, such as analog circuits, digital circuits, or special-purpose circuits. However, for this application, software program implementation is more often a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, or optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, training equipment, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0170] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product.

[0171] The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, training device, or data center to another website, computer, training device, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can store or a data storage device such as a training device or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state drives (SSDs)).

Claims

1. A wireless networking method for complex terrain, characterized in that, The method includes: In a target area with complex terrain, a wireless network comprising relay nodes and terminal nodes is deployed; wherein, multiple relay nodes form a ring backbone network, and each relay node and at least one terminal node form a star subnetwork. The current working communication channel used by the relay node is periodically assessed and classified, and communication channel switching of different channel quality levels is performed according to the assessment results; the signal transmission gain of the corresponding relay node is adjusted according to the signal attenuation information fed back by the terminal node. At the monitoring center, the operating status of the wireless network is centrally monitored and fault diagnosis is performed; wherein, the operating status of the wireless network includes at least one of the channel status of the communication channel after switching, or the signal gain status of the communication channel.

2. The wireless networking method for complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deployment includes a wireless network comprising relay nodes and terminal nodes, including: Multiple relay nodes are deployed at high points in the target area of ​​the complex terrain, so that the relay nodes form the ring backbone network through wireless links; wherein, the multiple terminal nodes covered by each relay node form a star subnetwork, and each relay node covers at least one wellhead data acquisition terminal through the star subnetwork.

3. The wireless networking method for complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of periodically assessing and classifying the quality of the working communication channels used by the relay nodes, and performing different levels of communication channel switching based on the assessment results, includes: The relay node periodically scans multiple communication channels in the target frequency band used by the relay node and collects the signal-to-noise ratio data and packet loss rate data of each communication channel. The signal-to-noise ratio data and packet loss rate data are analyzed by clustering algorithms, and each communication channel is divided into multiple communication channels with different channel quality levels. When the quality level of the current working communication channel is lower than the preset quality level, the communication link of the relay node is switched to a higher quality communication channel, and the higher quality communication channel is used as the target working communication channel; wherein, the target working communication channel is used for the relay node and the terminal node to form a network.

4. The wireless networking method for complex terrain according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of switching the communication link of the relay node to a higher quality communication channel includes: Before interrupting the communication link with the original working communication channel, a soft handover mechanism is triggered to establish a new communication link on the target working communication channel; wherein, the new communication link is used for communication interaction between the relay node and the terminal node.

5. The wireless networking method for complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the signal transmission gain for the corresponding relay node based on the signal attenuation information fed back by the terminal node includes: Based on the different signal threshold ranges where the signal attenuation information is located, and in conjunction with pre-stored terrain parameters, the current occlusion intensity level is determined; For different levels of current obstruction intensity, the signal transmission gain of the relay node is adjusted to the corresponding preset gain range; The method further includes: If the current obstruction intensity level is severe, the beamforming mechanism is activated to direct the transmitted signal beam of the relay node toward the target terminal node.

6. The wireless networking method for complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The centralized monitoring of the operating status of the wireless network and the execution of fault diagnosis include: The system collects and displays in real time the communication link status, channel quality parameters, and signal strength parameters between the relay node and the terminal node. Based on the communication link status, the channel quality parameters, and the signal strength parameters, the node status of the relay node and the terminal node is determined according to multiple preset fault determination conditions to locate the faulty node; wherein, the faulty node includes the relay node or the terminal node; the fault determination conditions include at least one of the following: the relay node's heartbeat packet loss timeout, the signal strength received by the relay node being lower than a preset strength threshold, or continuous failure of signal gain adjustment for the relay node.

7. The wireless networking method for complex terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When another terminal node is added within the target area, the monitoring center configures the other terminal node to connect it to the star subnetwork to which the neighboring relay node belongs.

8. A wireless networking device for complex terrain, characterized in that, include: The deployment unit is used to deploy a wireless network including relay nodes and terminal nodes in a target area with complex terrain, wherein multiple relay nodes form a ring backbone network and each relay node and at least one terminal node form a star subnetwork. The execution unit is used to periodically assess and classify the quality of the current working communication channel used by the relay node, and to perform communication channel switching of different channel quality levels according to the assessment results; and to adjust the signal transmission gain of the corresponding relay node according to the signal attenuation information fed back by the terminal node. The execution unit is also used to centrally monitor the operating status of the wireless network in the monitoring center and perform fault diagnosis; wherein the operating status of the wireless network includes at least one of the channel status of the switched communication channel or the signal gain status of the communication channel.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor and a memory connected to the processor, wherein: The memory is used to store computer programs; The processor is used to execute the computer program to enable the electronic device to implement the wireless networking method for complex terrain as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium carries one or more computer programs that, when executed by an electronic device, enable the electronic device to implement the wireless networking method for complex terrain as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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