Power control for sidelink communication

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method comprising: receiving, by a first wireless device from a base station, one or more messages indicating a sidelink filter configuration; and transmitting at least one sidelink reference signal (RS) to the second wireless device using a transmit power based on a path loss value, where the path loss value is based on each resource element that configures a filtered sidelink RS transmit power across a sidelink RS transmission occasion using a sidelink filter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to wireless communication, and more particularly to sidelinks in wireless networks that enable device-to-device communication, such as LTE, 5G, or 6G networks or Wi-Fi networks. Background Technology

[0002] In conventional wireless technologies, transmitting and / or sensing (or monitoring or receiving) wireless devices can determine (e.g., assume) that the signal strength (or the transmitting power of the transmitting device) during a time slot is static (e.g., maintained / remained the same or constant) and dynamically varies across time slots (e.g., different and / or adjacent time slots). For example, in the prior art, power transitions (e.g., changes in transmit power levels) can occur across adjacent (and / or consecutive) time slots, such as between an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol of a time slot and a guard symbol of a previous time slot. For example, in the prior art, power transitions (e.g., changes in transmit power levels) may not occur during a time slot (e.g., after an AGC symbol of a time slot, between two AGC symbols in the same time slot, and / or between two AGC symbols across adjacent time slots) (e.g., they may be substantially negligible to calibrate the power at the receiver). For example, AGC symbols (e.g., the first symbol in a time slot and / or the first symbol to appear) are used to receive or sense wireless devices to calibrate their receiver gain and / or maintain a relatively constant output signal relative to a changing input signal (e.g., changing the receive power level or power conversion across adjacent time slots).

[0003] Figure 34 Examples of transmission power and frequency in time slots are shown in wireless networks (such as 5G networks implementing sidelinks). Figure 34 An implementation of a prior art applied to the side link (SL) is shown, where the reference signal (RS) is in TDM mode (e.g., Figure 33A , Figure 33B , Figure 33C and / or Figure 33D Send together with PSCCH and / or PSSCH.

[0004] Figure 34 The first graph at the top shows the transmission power of the side link transmission (e.g., the measured power at the transmitter) or the received power of the side link transmission that changes over time (e.g., the measured power at the receiver). Figure 34 The second graph at the bottom shows the frequency (and / or sub-channel / PRB location) of the side link transmission as a function of time, for example, the time-frequency resource allocation for each channel and / or symbol (e.g., PSCCH, PSSCH, and / or SL RS). Figure 34The first and second figures in the time frame are aligned with each other, for example, as shown by the time slot boundary between time slot n-1 and time slot n, and the time slot boundary between time slot n and time slot n+1 (e.g., n is an integer). Figure 34 This illustrates how transmit power (or receive power) changes based on resource allocation for each channel.

[0005] exist Figure 34 In this context, at least one symbol (e.g., the last symbol and / or the last appearing symbol in a time slot) may be assigned as a guard symbol to provide a time slot for the wireless device to switch from transmit mode to receive mode (and vice versa). For example, in Figure 34 In this context, the last symbol of each of time slots n-1 and n is assigned as a guard symbol.

[0006] For example, in Figure 34 In this context, the first symbol to appear in each of time slots n and n+1 is assigned as the AGC symbol. For example, in... Figure 34 In this process, power conversion can occur between time slot n-1 and time slot n (e.g., during the protection symbol period in time slot n-1 and / or during the AGC symbol period in time slot n) and / or between time slot n and time slot n+1 (e.g., during the protection symbol period in time slot n and / or during the AGC symbol period in time slot n+1). Figure 34 In this context, a second wireless device (e.g., a receiving and / or sensing wireless device) can calibrate the power on the receiver side during the AGC symbol by calibrating the power.

[0007] The problem arises when the first wireless device transmits SLRS using different power levels in the same time slot along with the PSCCH and / or PSSCH. For example, the first wireless device transmits SLRS in TDM mode in the same time slot along with the PSCCH and / or PSSCH (e.g., as...). Figure 33A , Figure 33B , Figure 33C and / or Figure 33D (As shown). Each transmission in the transmission (e.g., an SL RS with PSCCH and / or PSSCH in the same time slot) may have a corresponding performance metric to be guaranteed or implemented (e.g., QoS requirements, detection rate, false alarm rate, false detection rate, etc.) or associated with it. To guarantee the corresponding performance metric, the first wireless device may determine the transmission power of different channels (e.g., SL RS with PSCCH and / or PSSCH) in the time slot, which results in a power switching during the time slot, for example, when switching from the first transmission (e.g., SL RS, PSCCH, and / or PSSCH) to a second transmission (e.g., a different SL RS, PSCCH, and / or PSSCH from the first transmission) during the time slot.

[0008] The implementation of the prior art results in power switching within a time slot. Power switching can occur between a first and second transmission within time slot n (e.g., after an AGC symbol). In the prior art, the second wireless device may be unaware of the power switching within time slot n. In the prior art, for two different transmissions within the same time slot, there is no AGC symbol for the power switching caused by the two different powers. This power switching leads to inaccurate gain control of the AGC, for example, for the second wireless device to receive, detect, and / or decode the second transmission. For example, inaccurate gain control of the AGC causes the receiver to include a large amount of unwanted (e.g., interference and / or noise) signals and / or to clip the received signal (e.g., a received signal with high power). As a result, decoding failure occurs and / or the received signal is distorted (e.g., with information loss).

[0009] exist Figure 34 In the example, the power transition occurs within slot n (e.g., during one or more symbols) when the first wireless device switches between PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) and SL RS transmissions. The first wireless device may schedule and / or transmit a first transmission of PSSCH and / or PSSCH and a second transmission of SL RS in slot n. The first wireless device may determine a first transmission power for the first transmission of PSSCH and / or PSSCH (e.g., ...). Figure 34 The power of the PSCCH and / or PSSCH in time slot n). The first wireless device can determine the second transmission power for the second transmission of SL RS, which may be different from the first transmission power (e.g., for...). Figure 34 In time slot n, SL RS). The first wireless device can transmit the AGC signal via the AGC symbol in time slot n (e.g., the symbol with symbol index 0 or the first located / occurring symbol).

[0010] The first wireless device may determine the transmission power of the AGC signal to be the same as the first transmission power used for the first transmission of PSSCH and / or PSSCH.

[0011] A second wireless device that monitors and / or senses one or more sidelink transmissions in time slot n can perform AGC training using AGC signals received from the first wireless device via AGC symbols. For example, the second wireless device adjusts the AGC gain of its receiver to receive one or more sidelink transmissions in time slot n (starting from the next symbol after the AGC symbol (e.g., symbol #1)). The second wireless device can determine that the first wireless device is transmitting AGC signals and one or more sidelink transmissions in the same time slot (e.g., time slot n) using the same power.

[0012] exist Figure 34In this configuration, the first wireless device may transmit a second transmission of SL RS within time slot n (e.g., and / or during and / or in). For example, the second transmission of SL RS may occur after an AGC symbol (e.g., transmission of an AGC signal) and / or after a first transmission of PSCCH and / or PSSCH within time slot n (e.g., and / or during and / or in). The first wireless device may use a second transmission power that may be different from the first transmission power for the second transmission and / or during the second transmission. This power change from the first transmission power to the second transmission power results in a sudden power transition within time slot n at the receiver of the second wireless device. In this case, due to the difference between the first and second transmission powers, AGC training performed using AGC symbols according to the prior art is not suitable for receiving the second transmission.

[0013] Figure 34 This is an example diagram illustrating a sudden power shift (e.g., a sudden power increase) within time slot n, for example, when the transmission power determined by the first wireless device for SL RS transmission is higher than the transmission power determined by the first wireless device for the PSCCH and / or PSSCH in time slot n. The same problem (e.g., a sudden power shift within the time slot) occurs when the transmission power determined by the first wireless device for SL RS transmission is lower than the transmission power determined by the first wireless device for the PSCCH and / or PSSCH in time slot n.

[0014] Figure 34 The diagram illustrates power conversion within a time slot as an example, where the first transmission of PSCCH and / or PSSCH occurs before the second transmission of SL RS. The same issue arises when the second transmission of SL RS occurs before the first transmission of PSCCH and / or PSSCH within the same time slot. Summary of the Invention

[0015] The objective of this invention is to alleviate the problems of this invention.

[0016] Another objective of this invention is to improve power control in networks that enable sidelinks or device-to-device communication.

[0017] These and other objectives are achieved by the wireless device as described in claim 25 using the methods described in claims 1, 26, 27, and 28.

[0018] Note that the above-described device may be implemented based on a discrete hardware circuit system having discrete hardware components, integrated chips, or chip modules, or based on a signal processing device or chip controlled by software routines or programs stored in memory, written on a computer-readable medium, or downloaded from a network such as the Internet.

[0019] It should be understood that the apparatus and methods may have similar, corresponding and / or identical preferred embodiments, particularly as defined in the dependent claims.

[0020] It should be understood that the preferred embodiments of the present invention may also be any combination of the dependent claims or the above embodiments with the corresponding independent claims.

[0021] These and other aspects of the invention are obvious from and will be explained based on the embodiments described below. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Examples of several aspects of this disclosure are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Figure 1A and Figure 1B An example mobile communication network in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented is shown.

[0024] Figure 2A and Figure 2B The new radio (NR) user plane and control plane protocol stacks are shown respectively.

[0025] Figure 3 It shows in Figure 2A An example of the services provided between the protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack.

[0026] Figure 4A It shows the way Figure 2A Example downlink data stream of the NR user plane protocol stack.

[0027] Figure 4B This shows an example format of the MAC subheader in a MAC PDU.

[0028] Figure 5A and Figure 5B The mappings between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels used for downlink and uplink are shown respectively.

[0029] Figure 6 This is an example schematic diagram illustrating the RRC state transition of a UE.

[0030] Figure 7 An example configuration of NR frames in which OFDM symbols are grouped is shown.

[0031] Figure 8 An example configuration of time slots in the time and frequency domains of an NR carrier is shown.

[0032] Figure 9 An example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs for NR carriers is shown.

[0033] Figure 10A A three-carrier aggregation configuration with two component carriers is shown.

[0034] Figure 10B An example of how clustered cells can be configured into one or more PUCCH groups is shown.

[0035] Figure 11A An example of the SS / PBCH block structure and location is shown.

[0036] Figure 11B An example of CSI-RS mapped in the time and frequency domains is shown.

[0037] Figure 12A and Figure 12B Examples of three downlink and uplink beam management procedures are shown respectively.

[0038] Figure 13A , Figure 13B and Figure 13C The following are shown: a four-step contention-based random access procedure, a two-step contention-free random access procedure, and another two-step random access procedure.

[0039] Figure 14A An example of CORESET configuration for the bandwidth portion is shown.

[0040] Figure 14B An example of CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transport and PDCCH processing on CORESET is shown.

[0041] Figure 15 An example of a wireless device communicating with a base station is shown.

[0042] Figure 16A , Figure 16B , Figure 16C and Figure 16D An example structure for uplink and downlink transmission is shown.

[0043] Figure 17 An example of device-to-device (D2D) communication is shown in an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] Figure 18 An example of a resource pool for sidelink operation is shown, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 19 An example of a side link symbol in a time slot is shown according to an example embodiment of this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 20Examples of resource indications for a first TB (e.g., a first data packet) and resource reservations for a second TB (e.g., a second data packet) are shown in the example embodiments of this disclosure.

[0047] Figure 21 An example of configuration information for side link communication is shown, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] Figure 22 An example of configuration information for side link communication is shown, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] Figure 23 An example format of a MAC subheader for a side link shared channel (SL-SCH) is shown, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 24 An example time of the resource selection process according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0051] Figure 25 An example timing of the resource selection process according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0052] Figure 26 An example flowchart of a resource selection process for a wireless device transmitting TB via a side link is shown, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0053] Figure 27 An example schematic diagram illustrates a resource selection process between layers of a wireless device according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] Figure 28 Examples of sidelink CSI-RS transmission and sidelink CSI reporting are shown in exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.

[0055] Figure 29 An example of resource allocation for an aspect of SL CSI RS according to an example embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0056] Figure 30 An example of an SL CSI report based on an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0057] Figure 31A An example of an aspect of SL RS according to an example embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0058] Figure 31B An example of an aspect of SL RS according to an example embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0059] Figure 32A An example of an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure for SL RS transmission is shown.

[0060] Figure 32B An example of an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure for SL RS transmission is shown.

[0061] Figure 33A An example of a side link channel according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0062] Figure 33B An example of a side link channel according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0063] Figure 33C An example of a side link channel according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0064] Figure 33D An example of a side link channel according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0065] Figure 34 Examples of transmission power and frequency in time slots according to exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are shown.

[0066] Figure 35 An example of power control in an aspect of an embodiment according to this disclosure is shown.

[0067] Figure 36 An example of power offset of an aspect according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0068] Figure 37 An example flowchart of power control in an aspect of an embodiment according to this disclosure is shown.

[0069] Figure 38 An example flowchart of power control in an aspect of an embodiment according to this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0070] In this disclosure, various embodiments are presented as examples of how the disclosed technology and / or how the disclosed technology can be practiced in environments and scenarios. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the scope. In fact, after reading the specification, those skilled in the art will understand how alternative embodiments can be implemented. This embodiment should not be limited to any of the exemplary embodiments described. Embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Limitations, features, and / or elements from the disclosed example embodiments can be combined to create other embodiments within the scope of this disclosure. The drawings highlighting any features and advantages are presented for illustrative purposes only. The disclosed architecture is flexible and configurable enough that it can be utilized in ways other than those shown. For example, actions listed in any flowchart can be reordered or optionally used only in some embodiments.

[0071] The embodiments can be configured to operate as needed. The disclosed mechanisms can be executed when certain criteria are met, for example, in wireless devices, base stations, radio environments, networks, or combinations thereof. Example criteria may be based at least in part on, for example, wireless device or network node configuration, traffic load, initial system settings, packet size, service characteristics, or combinations thereof. Various example embodiments can be applied when one or more criteria are met. Therefore, example embodiments that selectively implement the disclosed protocols can be implemented.

[0072] Base stations can communicate in a hybrid manner with wireless devices. Wireless devices and / or base stations can support multiple technologies and / or multiple versions of the same technology. Depending on the type and / or capabilities of the wireless device, it may have certain specific capabilities. When this disclosure relates to a base station communicating with multiple wireless devices, this disclosure may refer to a subset of the total number of wireless devices in the coverage area. This disclosure may refer, for example, to multiple wireless devices having given capabilities and being deployed in a given LTE or 5G configuration within a given sector of the base station. Multiple wireless devices in this disclosure may refer to selected multiple wireless devices and / or a subset of the total number of wireless devices in the coverage area performing the disclosed method, etc. Multiple base stations or multiple wireless devices may exist in the coverage area that may not conform to the disclosed method; for example, these wireless devices or base stations may be based on older versions of LTE or 5G technology.

[0073] In this disclosure, the terms “a”, “an”, and similar phrases will be interpreted as “at least one” and “one or more”. Similarly, any term ending with the suffix “(or more)” will be interpreted as “at least one” and “one or more”. In this disclosure, the term “may” will be interpreted as “for example”. In other words, the term “may” indicates that the phrase following the term “may” is an example of one of a number of suitable possibilities that may or may not be employed by one or more embodiments in various embodiments. As used herein, the terms “comprising” and “consisting of” enumerate one or more components of the described element. The term “comprising” may be used interchangeably with “including” and does not exclude the inclusion of unenumerated components in the described element. In contrast, “consisting of” provides a complete enumeration of one or more components of the element being described. As used herein, the term “based on” should be interpreted as “at least partially based on” rather than, for example, “based on only”. As used herein, the term “and / or” indicates any possible combination of the enumerated elements. For example, "A, B and / or C" can mean A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B and C.

[0074] If A and B are sets and each element of A is an element of B, then A is called a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets and subsets are considered. For example, possible subsets of B = {cell1, cell2} are: {cell1}, {cell2}, and {cell1, cell2}. The phrase “based on” (or equivalently “at least based on”) indicates that the phrase following the term “based on” is an example of one of a plurality of suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “in response to” (or equivalently “at least in response to”) indicates that the phrase following the phrase “in response to…” is an example of one of a plurality of suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “depends on” (or equivalently “at least depends on”) indicates that the phrase following the phrase “depends on” is an example of one of a plurality of suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “adopt / use” (or equivalently “adopt / use at least”) indicates that the phrase following the phrase “adopt / use” is an example of one of a plurality of suitable possibilities that may or may not be used in one or more of the various embodiments.

[0075] The term "configuration" can refer to the ability of a device to be in an operational or non-operational state. Configuration can refer to specific settings within the device that affect its operational characteristics regardless of whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state. In other words, hardware, software, firmware, registers, memory values, etc., can be "configured" within the device, regardless of whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state, to provide specific characteristics to the device. Terms such as "control messages induced in the device" can mean that the control messages have parameters that can be used to configure specific characteristics, or can be used to perform certain actions within the device, regardless of whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state.

[0076] In this disclosure, a parameter (also referred to as a field or information element: IE) may include one or more information objects, and an information object may include one or more other objects. For example, if parameter (IE)N includes parameter (IE)M, and parameter (IE)M includes parameter (IE)K, and parameter (IE)K includes parameter (information element)J, then, for example, N includes K, and N includes J. In the example embodiment, when one or more messages include multiple parameters, this means that a parameter among the multiple parameters is in at least one of the one or more messages, but not necessarily in every one of the one or more messages.

[0077] Many of the features presented are described as optional using the word "may" or parentheses. For brevity and readability, this disclosure does not explicitly describe the various permutations and each permutation that can be obtained by selecting from the set of optional features. This disclosure will be interpreted as explicitly disclosing all such permutations. For example, a system described as having three optional features can be embodied in seven ways: having only one of the three possible features, any two of the three possible features, or all three of the three possible features.

[0078] Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments can be implemented as modules. A module is defined herein as an element that performs a defined function and has an interface to the definition of other elements. Modules described in this disclosure can be implemented in hardware, software combined with hardware, firmware, artifacts (e.g., hardware with biological elements), or combinations thereof, and may be behaviorally equivalent. For example, a module can be implemented as a software routine written in a computer language configured to be executed by a hardware machine (such as C, C++, Fortran, Java, Basic, MATLAB, etc.) or a modeling / simulation program (such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVIEW MathScript). It is possible to implement modules using physical hardware that incorporates discrete or programmable analog, digital, and / or quantum hardware. Examples of programmable hardware include: computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollers, and microprocessors are programmed using languages ​​such as assembly, C, C++, etc. FPGAs, ASICs, and CPLDs are typically programmed using hardware description languages ​​(HDLs), such as VHDL or Verilog, which configure connections between smaller, internal hardware modules on a programmable device. The techniques mentioned are often used in combination to achieve the desired functional modules.

[0079] Figure 1A An example of a mobile communication network 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented is shown. The mobile communication network 100 may be, for example, a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) operated by a network operator. Figure 1A As shown, the mobile communication network 100 includes a core network (CN) 102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and radio equipment 106.

[0080] CN 102 can provide wireless device 106 with an interface to one or more data networks (DNs) (such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and / or carrier-internal DNs). As part of the interface functions, CN 102 can establish an end-to-end connection between wireless device 106 and one or more DNs, authenticate wireless device 106, and provide billing functions.

[0081] RAN 104 can connect CN 102 to radio device 106 via radio communication over its air interface. As part of the radio communication, RAN 104 can provide scheduling, radio resource management, and retransmission protocols. The communication direction from RAN 104 to radio device 106 via the air interface is referred to as the downlink, and the communication direction from radio device 106 to RAN 104 via the air interface is referred to as the uplink. Downlink transmissions can be separated from uplink transmissions using frequency division duplex (FDD), time division duplex (TDD), and / or a combination of both.

[0082] Throughout this disclosure, the term "wireless device" can be used to refer to and encompass any mobile or fixed (non-mobile) device that requires or can use wireless communication. For example, a wireless device can be a telephone, smartphone, tablet computer, computer, laptop computer, sensor, instrument, wearable device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, roadside unit (RSU) of a vehicle, relay node, automobile, and / or any combination thereof. The term "wireless device" also encompasses other terms including user equipment (UE), user terminal (UT), access terminal (AT), mobile station, handheld device, wireless transceiver unit (WTRU), and / or wireless communication equipment.

[0083] RAN 104 may include one or more base stations (not shown). The term base station may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to and encompass Node B (associated with UMTS and / or 3G standards), Evolved Node B (eNB, associated with E-UTRA and / or 4G standards), Remote Radio Header (RRH), baseband processing unit coupled to one or more RRHs, repeater node or relay node for extending the coverage area of ​​donor nodes, Next Generation Evolved Node B (ng-eNB), Generating Node B (gNB, associated with NR and / or 5G standards), Access Point (AP, associated with, for example, WiFi or any other suitable wireless communication standard), and / or any combination thereof. A base station may include at least one gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) and at least one gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU).

[0084] The base stations included in RAN 104 may include one or more antenna sets for communicating with wireless device 106 via an air interface. For example, one or more base stations may include three antenna sets to control three cells (or sectors) respectively. The size of the cells may be determined by the range within which a receiver (e.g., a base station receiver) can successfully receive transmissions from a transmitter (e.g., a wireless device transmitter) operating in the cell. The cells of the base stations may together provide radio coverage to wireless device 106 over a wide geographical area to support wireless device mobility.

[0085] Besides three-sector sites, other implementations of base stations are also possible. For example, one or more base stations in RAN 104 can be implemented as sectorized sites with more or fewer than three sectors. One or more base stations in RAN 104 can be implemented as access points, baseband processing units coupled to several remote radio heads (RRHs), and / or repeaters or relay nodes for extending the coverage area of ​​donor nodes. The baseband processing units coupled to RRHs can be part of a centralized or cloud RAN architecture, where the baseband processing units can be centralized in a pool of baseband processing units or virtualized. Repeater nodes can amplify and rebroadcast radio signals received from donor nodes. Relay nodes can perform the same / similar functions as repeater nodes, but can decode the radio signals received from donor nodes to remove noise before amplifying and rebroadcasting the radio signals.

[0086] RAN 104 can be deployed as a homogeneous network of macrocell base stations with similar antenna patterns and similar high transmit power. RAN 104 can also be deployed as a heterogeneous network. In a heterogeneous network, small cell base stations can be used to provide small coverage areas, such as coverage areas overlapping with the relatively large coverage areas provided by macrocell base stations. Small coverage areas can be provided in areas with high data traffic (or so-called "hot spots") or in areas with weak macrocell coverage. Examples of small cell base stations include (in order of decreasing coverage area) microcell base stations, picocell base stations, and femtocell base stations or femtocell base stations.

[0087] The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed in 1998, intended to be similar to... Figure 1A The mobile communication network 100 in this disclosure provides a globally standardized specification for the mobile communication network. To date, 3GPP has produced specifications for three generations of mobile networks: the third-generation (3G) network known as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), the fourth-generation (4G) network known as Long Term Evolution (LTE), and the fifth-generation (5G) network known as 5G System (5GS). Embodiments of this disclosure are described with reference to the RAN of the 3GPP 5G network (referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)). Embodiments may be applied to the RAN of other mobile communication networks, such as... Figure 1A RAN 104, RAN for earlier 3G and 4G networks, and RAN for unspecified future networks (e.g., 3GPP 6G networks). NG-RAN implements 5G radio access technology known as New Radio (NR) and can be supplied to implement 4G radio access technology or other radio access technologies, including non-3GPP radio access technologies.

[0088] Figure 1BAnother example mobile communication network 150 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented is shown. The mobile communication network 150 may be, for example, a PLMN operated by a network operator. Figure 1B As shown, the mobile communication network 150 includes a 5G core network (5G-CN) 152, an NG-RAN 154, and UEs 156A and 156B (collectively referred to as UE 156). These components can be used in conjunction with... Figure 1A The corresponding components described are implemented and operated in the same or similar way.

[0089] 5G-CN 152 provides UE 156 with an interface to one or more DNs (such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and / or carrier-internal DNs). As part of the interface functionality, 5G-CN 152 can establish end-to-end connections between UE 156 and one or more DNs, authenticate UE 156, and provide billing functions. Compared to the CNs in 3GPP 4G networks, the foundation of 5G-CN 152 can be a service-based architecture. This means that the architecture of the nodes constituting 5G-CN 152 can be defined as network functions that provide services to other network functions via the interface. The network functions of 5G-CN 152 can be implemented in several ways, including as network elements on dedicated or shared hardware, as software instances running on dedicated or shared hardware, or as virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud-based platform).

[0090] like Figure 1B As shown, 5G-CN 152 includes Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 158A and User Plane Functions (UPF) 158B. For ease of explanation, it is described in... Figure 1B The UPF 158B is shown as a component AMF / UPF 158. The UPF 158B can be used as a gateway between the NG-RAN 154 and one or more DNs. The UPF 158B can perform functions such as packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection and user plane policy rule enforcement, service usage reporting, uplink classification supporting routes to one or more DNs, user plane Quality of Service (QoS) processing (e.g., packet filtering, gating, uplink / downlink rate enforcement, and uplink service authentication), downlink packet buffering, and downlink data notification triggering. The UPF 158B can be used as an anchor point for intra / inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, an external protocol (or packet) data unit (PDU) session point for interconnection to one or more DNs, and / or a branch point supporting multihomed PDU sessions. The UE 156 can be configured to receive services via a PDU session, which is a logical connection between the UE and the DN.

[0091] AMF 158A can perform functions such as Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling termination, NAS signaling security, Access Stratum (AS) security control, inter-CN node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks, idle-mode UE reachability (e.g., control and execution of paging retransmission), registration area management, intra-system and inter-system mobility support, access authentication, access authorization (including roaming permission checks), mobility management control (subscriptions and policies), network slicing support, and / or Session Management Function (SMF) selection. NAS can refer to functions operating between the CN and the UE, and AS can refer to functions operating between the UE and the RAN.

[0092] 5G-CN 152 may include, for clarity, not listed here. Figure 1B One or more additional network functions are shown in the diagram. For example, 5G-CN 152 may include one or more of the following: Session Management Function (SMF), NR Storage Function (NRF), Policy Control Function (PCF), Network Open Function (NEF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), and / or Authentication Server Function (AUSF).

[0093] NG-RAN 154 can connect 5G-CN 152 to UE 156 via radio communication over an air interface. NG-RAN 154 may include one or more gNBs, shown as gNB 160A and gNB 160B (collectively referred to as gNB 160) and / or one or more ng-eNBs, shown as ng-eNB 162A and ng-eNB 162B (collectively referred to as ng-eNB 162). gNB 160 and ng-eNB 162 may be more generally referred to as base stations. gNB 160 and ng-eNB 162 may include one or more antenna sets for communicating with UE 156 over an air interface. For example, one or more of gNB 160 and / or one or more of ng-eNB 162 may include three antenna sets to control three cells (or sectors) respectively. The cells of gNB 160 and ng-eNB 162 can together provide radio coverage to UE 156 over a wide geographical area to support UE mobility.

[0094] like Figure 1B As shown, gNB 160 and / or ng-eNB 162 can connect to 5G-CN 152 via the NG interface and to other base stations via the Xn interface. The NG and Xn interfaces can be established using a direct physical connection and / or an indirect connection via an underlying transport network such as an Internet Protocol (IP) transport network. gNB 160 and / or ng-eNB 162 can connect to UE 156 via the Uu interface. For example, as... Figure 1BAs shown, the gNB 160A can connect to the UE 156A via the Uu interface. The NG, Xn, and Uu interfaces are associated with a protocol stack. The protocol stack associated with the interface can be configured by... Figure 1B The network elements in the system are used to exchange data and signaling messages, and can include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane can handle data that is of interest to the user. The control plane can handle signaling messages that are of interest to the network elements.

[0095] The gNB 160 and / or ng-eNB 162 can connect to one or more AMF / UPF functions of the 5G-CN 152 (such as AMF / UPF 158) via one or more NG interfaces. For example, the gNB 160A can connect to the UPF 158B of the AMF / UPF 158 via an NG-U plane (NG-U) interface. The NG-U interface can provide user plane PDU delivery (e.g., non-guaranteed delivery) between the gNB 160A and the UPF 158B. The gNB 160A can connect to the AMF 158A via an NG control plane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interface can provide, for example, NG interface management, UE context management, UE mobility management, NAS message transmission, paging, PDU session management and configuration transmission, and / or warning message transmission.

[0096] The gNB 160 can provide NR user plane and control plane protocol termination to UE 156 via the Uu interface. For example, the gNB 160A can provide NR user plane and control plane protocol termination to UE 156A via the Uu interface associated with the first protocol stack. The ng-eNB 162 can provide Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol termination to UE 156 via the Uu interface, where E-UTRA refers to 3GPP 4G radio access technology. For example, the ng-eNB 162B can provide E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol termination to UE 156B via the Uu interface associated with the second protocol stack.

[0097] 5G-CN 152 is described as being configured to handle NR and 4G radio access. Those skilled in the art will understand that NR may connect to the 4G core network in a mode known as “non-standalone operation.” In non-standalone operation, the 4G core network is used to provide (or at least support) control plane functions (e.g., initial access, mobility, and paging). Although Figure 1B Only one AMF / UPF 158 is shown, but a gNB or ng-eNB can connect to multiple AMF / UPF nodes to provide redundancy and / or load sharing across multiple AMF / UPF nodes.

[0098] As discussed, Figure 1B The interfaces between network elements (e.g., Uu, Xn, and NG interfaces) can be associated with the protocol stack used by the network elements to exchange data and signaling messages. The protocol stack can include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane handles data of interest to the user, and the control plane handles signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0099] Figure 2A and Figure 2B Examples of NR user plane and NR control plane protocol stacks for the Uu interface located between UE 210 and gNB 220 are shown respectively. Figure 2A and Figure 2B The protocol stack shown can be used with, for example, Figure 1B The protocol stacks of the Uu interface between UE156A and gNB 160A shown are the same or similar.

[0100] Figure 2A The diagram illustrates a five-layer NR user plane protocol stack implemented in UE 210 and gNB 220. At the bottom of the stack, the Physical Layer (PHY) 211 and 221 provide transport services to the higher layers and correspond to Layer 1 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The four protocols above PHY 211 and 221 include the Media Access Control (MAC) layers 212 and 222, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layers 213 and 223, the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layers 214 and 224, and the Service Data Application Protocol (SDAP) layers 215 and 225. These four protocols together constitute Layer 2 of the OSI model, or the Data Link Layer.

[0101] Figure 3 This illustrates an example of services provided between protocol layers in the NR user plane protocol stack. From Figure 2A and Figure 3Starting from the top, SDAPs 215 and 225 can perform QoS flow processing. UE 210 can receive services through a PDU session, which can be a logical connection between UE 210 and the DN. The PDU session can support one or more QoS flows. The CN's UPF (e.g., UPF 158B) can map IP packets to one or more QoS flows of the PDU session based on QoS requirements (e.g., in terms of latency, data rate, and / or error rate). SDAPs 215 and 225 can perform mapping / demapping between one or more QoS flows and one or more data radio bearers. The mapping / demapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers can be determined by SDAP 225 at gNB 220. The mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers can be notified to SDAP 215 at UE 210 via reflection mapping or control signaling received from gNB 220. For reflection mapping, SDAP 225 at gNB 220 can mark downlink packets with a QoS flow indicator (QFI), which can be observed by SDAP 215 at UE 210 to determine the mapping / demapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers.

[0102] PDCP 214 and 224 can perform header compression / decompression to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted over the air interface, encryption / decryption to prevent unauthorized decoding of data transmitted over the air interface, and integrity protection (to ensure that control messages originate from their intended source). PDCP 214 and 224 can perform retransmission of undelivered packets, in-sequence delivery and reordering of packets, and removal of duplicate packets received due to, for example, intra-gNB handover. PDCP 214 and 224 can perform packet duplication to increase the likelihood of packets being received and remove any duplicate packets at the receiver. Packet duplication can be useful for services requiring high reliability.

[0103] Despite Figure 3 Although not shown, PDCPs 214 and 224 can perform mapping / demapping between split radio bearers and RLC channels in a dual connectivity scenario. Dual connectivity is a technology that allows a UE to connect to two cells, or more generally two cell groups: a primary cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). Split bearers occur when a single radio bearer (such as one of the radio bearers provided to SDAPs 215 and 225 as serving PDCPs 214 and 224) is handled by a cell group in dual connectivity. PDCPs 214 and 224 can map / demapping split radio bearers between RLC channels belonging to a cell group.

[0104] RLCs 213 and 223 can respectively perform segmentation, retransmission via Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), and removal of duplicate data units received from MACs 212 and 222. RLCs 213 and 223 can support three transmission modes: Transparent Mode (TM); Unacknowledged Mode (UM); and Acknowledged Mode (AM). Based on the transmission mode the RLC is operating in, the RLC can perform one or more of the aforementioned functions. RLC configuration can be per logical channel, independent of the digital scheme and / or Transmission Time Interval (TTI) duration. Figure 3 As shown, RLCs 213 and 223 can provide RLC channels as services to PDCPs 214 and 224, respectively.

[0105] MACs 212 and 222 can perform multiplexing / demultiplexing of logical channels and / or mappings between logical channels and transport channels. Multiplexing / demultiplexing can include multiplexing data elements belonging to one or more logical channels into / from transport blocks (TBs) transmitted to PHYs 211 and 221. MAC 222 can be configured to perform scheduling, scheduling information reporting, and priority processing among UEs via dynamic scheduling. Scheduling can be performed on downlink and uplink in gNB 220 (at MAC 222). MACs 212 and 222 can be configured to perform error correction via hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) (e.g., one HARQ entity per carrier in the case of carrier aggregation (CA),) via logical channel prioritization, and / or filling priority processing between logical channels of UE 210. MACs 212 and 222 can support one or more digital schemes and / or transmission timing. In one example, mapping constraints in logical channel prioritization can control which digital scheme and / or transmission timing the logical channel can use. For example... Figure 3 As shown, MAC 212 and 222 can provide logical channels as services to RLC 213 and 223.

[0106] PHYs 211 and 221 can perform transmission-to-physical channel mapping and digital and analog signal processing functions for transmitting and receiving information over the air interface. These digital and analog signal processing functions may include, for example, encoding / decoding and modulation / demodulation. PHYs 211 and 221 can perform multi-antenna mapping. For example... Figure 3 As shown, PHYs 211 and 221 can provide one or more transport channels as services to MACs 212 and 222.

[0107] Figure 4A An example downlink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack is shown. Figure 4AThe downlink data flow of three IP packets (n, n+1, and m) via the NR user plane protocol stack is shown to generate two TBs at gNB 220. The uplink data flow via the NR user plane protocol stack can be similar. Figure 4A The downlink data flow is depicted in the diagram.

[0108] The downlink data flow in Figure 4 begins when SDAP 225 receives three IP packets from one or more QoS flows and maps these three packets to radio bearers. Figure 4A In the middle, SDAP 225 will divide IP packets n and n+1 Mapped to the first radio bearer 402 and IP packets m Mapped to the second radio bearer 404. An SDAP header (labeled "H" in Figure 4) is added to the IP packet. Data units originating from / to a higher protocol layer are called lower protocol layer Service Data Units (SDUs), and data units originating from / to a lower protocol layer are called higher protocol layer Protocol Data Units (PDUs). For example... Figure 4A As shown, the data unit from SDAP 225 is the SDU of the lower protocol layer PDCP 224, and is also the PDU of SDAP 225.

[0109] Figure 4A The remaining protocol layers in the protocol can perform their associated functions (e.g., regarding...). Figure 3 Add the appropriate header and forward its corresponding output to the next lower layer. For example, PDCP 224 can perform IP header compression and encryption and forward its output to RLC 223. RLC 223 can optionally perform fragmentation (e.g., as...). Figure 4A IPpacket m (As shown) and forwards its output to MAC 222. MAC 222 can multiplex multiple RLC PDUs and can attach MAC sub-headers to RLC PDUs to form transport blocks. In NR, MAC sub-headers can be distributed across MAC PDUs, such as... Figure 4A As shown. In LTE, the MAC subheader can be located entirely at the beginning of the MAC PDU. The NR MAC PDU structure can reduce processing time and associated latency because the MAC PDU subheader can be computed before the complete MAC PDU is assembled.

[0110] Figure 4BThe example format of the MAC subheader in a MAC PDU is shown. The MAC subheader includes: an SDU length field, which indicates the length of the MAC SDU corresponding to the MAC subheader (e.g., in bytes); a Logical Channel Identifier (LCID) field, which identifies the logical channel from which the MAC SDU originates, to aid in the demultiplexing process; a flag (F), which indicates the size of the SDU length field; and a reserved bit (R) field, which is reserved for future use.

[0111] Figure 4B Also shown is a MAC control element (CE) inserted into the MAC PDU by a MAC (such as MAC 212 or MAC 222). For example, Figure 4B The diagram shows two MAC CEs inserted into the MAC PDU. MAC CEs can be placed at the beginning of the MAC PDU used for downlink transmission (e.g., ...). Figure 4B (As shown in the diagram) and inserted at the end of the MAC PDU used for uplink transmission. MAC CEs can be used for in-band control signaling. Example MAC CEs include: scheduling-related MAC CEs, such as buffer status reports and power headroom reports; activation / deactivation MAC CEs, such as those for PDCP repeated detection, channel state information (CSI) reports, probe reference signal (SRS) transmissions, and previously configured components; discontinuous reception (DRX)-related MAC CEs; timing advance MAC CEs; and random access-related MAC CEs. MAC CEs may be preceded by a MAC subheader with a format similar to that described for the MAC SDU and may be identified by a reserved value in the LCID field, which indicates the type of control information included in the MAC CE.

[0112] Before describing the NR control plane protocol stack, we will first describe the mapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels, as well as channel types. One or more channels can be used to perform functions associated with the NR control plane protocol stack, which will be described later below.

[0113] Figure 5A and Figure 5BThe mappings between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels are shown for both downlink and uplink. Information passes through channels between the RLC, MAC, and PHY of the NR protocol stack. Logical channels can be used between the RLC and MAC and can be classified as control channels carrying control and configuration information in the NR control plane, or as traffic channels carrying data in the NR user plane. Logical channels can be classified as dedicated logical channels for a specific UE or as dedicated logical channels that can be used by more than one UE. Logical channels can also be defined by the type of information they carry. The set of logical channels defined by NR includes, for example:

[0114] - A paging control channel (PCCH) for carrying paging messages for paging a UE whose location is unknown to the network at the cell level;

[0115] - A broadcast control channel (BCCH) for carrying system information messages in the form of a main information block (MIB) and several system information blocks (SIB), wherein the system information messages can be used by the UE to obtain information about how to configure the cell and how to operate within the cell;

[0116] - Common Control Channel (CCCH) used to carry control messages along with random access;

[0117] - Used to carry control messages to / from a specific UE to configure the UE's dedicated control channel (DCCH); and

[0118] - A dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) used to carry user data to / from a specific UE.

[0119] Transport channels are used between the MAC layer and the PHY layer, and these channels can be defined by how the information they carry is transmitted over the air interface. The set of transport channels defined by NR includes, for example:

[0120] - Paging channel (PCH) used to carry paging messages originating from PCCH;

[0121] - Broadcast channel (BCH) used to carry MIBs from BCCH;

[0122] - Downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) used to carry downlink data and signaling messages (including SIBs from BCCH);

[0123] -Uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) used to carry uplink data and signaling messages;

[0124] - Random Access Channel (RACH) used to allow UEs to contact the network without any prior scheduling.

[0125] A PHY can use physical channels to transfer information between processing levels of the PHY. A physical channel can have an associated set of time-frequency resources for carrying information from one or more transport channels. The PHY can generate control information to support lower-level PHY operations and provide this control information to lower levels of the PHY via physical control channels called L1 / L2 control channels. The set of physical channels and physical control channels defined by NR includes, for example:

[0126] - The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) used to carry MIBs from the BCH;

[0127] - The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) is used to carry downlink data and signaling messages from the DL-SCH and paging messages from the PCH.

[0128] - A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for carrying downlink control information (DCI), the DCI including downlink scheduling commands, uplink scheduling permission, and uplink power control commands;

[0129] - The Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) is used to carry uplink data and signaling messages from the UL-SCH, and in some cases, it carries uplink control information (UCI), as described below;

[0130] - The Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) for carrying UCI, which may include HARQ acknowledgments, Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), Rank Indicator (RI), and Scheduling Request (SR); and

[0131] - Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) for random access.

[0132] Similar to the physical control channel, the physical layer generates physical signals to support lower-level physical layer operations. For example... Figure 5A and Figure 5B As shown, the physical layer signals defined by NR include: Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS). These physical layer signals will be described in more detail below.

[0133] Figure 2B An example NR control plane protocol stack is shown. Figure 2BAs shown, the NR control plane protocol stack can use the same / similar first four protocol layers as the example NR user plane protocol stack. These four protocol layers include PHY 211 and 221, MAC 212 and 222, RLC 213 and 223, and PDCP 214 and 224. The NR control plane stack has Radio Resource Control (RRC) 216 and 226 and NAS protocols 217 and 237 on top of the NR control plane protocol stack, instead of SDAP 215 and 225 on top of the stack in the NR user plane protocol stack.

[0134] NAS protocols 217 and 237 can provide control plane functions between UE 210 and AMF 230 (e.g., AMF 158A) or more generally between UE 210 and CN. NAS protocols 217 and 237 can provide control plane functions between UE 210 and AMF 230 via signaling messages called NAS messages. There is no direct path between UE 210 and AMF 230 through which NAS messages can be transmitted. NAS messages can be transmitted using the AS of the Uu interface and NG interface. NAS protocols 217 and 237 can provide control plane functions such as authentication, security, connection establishment, mobility management, and session management.

[0135] RRC 216 and 226 can provide control plane functionality between UE 210 and gNB 220, or more generally between UE 210 and RAN. RRC 216 and 226 can provide control plane functionality between UE 210 and gNB 220 via signaling messages called RRC messages. RRC messages can be sent between UE 210 and RAN using signaling radio bearers and the same / similar PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY protocol layers. MAC can multiplex control plane and user plane data into the same transport block (TB). RRC 216 and 226 can provide control plane functions such as: broadcasting system information related to AS and NAS; paging initiated by CN or RAN; establishing, maintaining, and releasing RRC connections between UE 210 and RAN; security functions including key management; establishing, configuring, maintaining, and releasing signaling radio bearers and data radio bearers; mobility functions; QoS management functions; control of UE measurement reports and reports; detection and recovery of radio link failures (RLFs); and / or NAS message delivery. As part of establishing an RRC connection, RRC 216 and 226 can establish an RRC context, which may involve configuring parameters for communication between UE 210 and RAN.

[0136] Figure 6 This is an example schematic diagram illustrating the RRC state transition of a UE. The UE can interact with... Figure 1AThe wireless device 106 depicted in the text Figure 2A and Figure 2B The UE 210 depicted herein, or any other wireless device described in this disclosure, is identical or similar. Figure 6 As shown, the UE can be in at least one of the three RRC states: RRC connected 602 (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED), RRC idle 604 (e.g., RRC_IDLE), and RRC inactive 606 (e.g., RRC_INACTIVE).

[0137] In RRC connection 602, the UE has an established RRC context and may have at least one RRC connection with a base station. The base station may be similar to one of one or more base stations included in RAN 104 depicted in Figure 1, or one of the gNB 160 or ng-eNB 162 depicted in Figure 1. Figure 2A and Figure 2B The UE may be connected to the gNB 220 depicted in this disclosure, or any other base station described herein. The base station to which the UE is connected may have an RRC context for the UE. The RRC context, referred to as the UE context, may include parameters for communication between the UE and the base station. These parameters may include, for example: one or more AS contexts; one or more radio link configuration parameters; bearer configuration information (e.g., related to data radio bearers, signaling radio bearers, logical channels, QoS flows, and / or PDU sessions); security information; and / or PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and / or SDAP layer configuration information. When in RRC connection 602, the UE's mobility may be managed by the RAN (e.g., RAN 104 or NG-RAN 154). The UE may measure signal levels (e.g., reference signal levels) from the serving cell and neighboring cells and report these measurements to the base station currently serving the UE. The UE's serving base station may request a handover to one of the neighboring base stations based on the reported measurements. The RRC state can be transitioned from RRC connection 602 to RRC idle 604 through connection release procedure 608, or from RRC connection 602 to RRC inactive 606 through connection deactivation procedure 610.

[0138] In RRC Idle 604, an RRC context may not be established for the UE. In RRC Idle 604, the UE may not have an RRC connection with the base station. When in RRC Idle 604, the UE may be in sleep mode most of the time (e.g., to conserve battery power). The UE may periodically wake up (e.g., once in each discontinuous reception cycle) to monitor paging messages from the RAN. The UE's mobility may be managed by the UE through a process called cell reselection. The RRC state can be transitioned from RRC Idle 604 to RRC Connection 602 via Connection Establishment Procedure 612, which may involve a random access procedure, as discussed in more detail below.

[0139] In RRC inactivity 606, the previously established RRC context remains in both the UE and the base station. Compared to the transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connection 602, this allows for a faster transition to RRC connection 602 with reduced signaling overhead. While in RRC inactivity 606, the UE can be in a sleep state, and the UE's mobility can be managed by the UE via cell reselection. The RRC state can be transitioned from RRC inactivity 606 to RRC connection 602 via connection recovery procedure 614, or from RRC inactivity 606 to RRC idle 604 via connection release procedure 616, which can be the same as or similar to connection release procedure 608.

[0140] RRC status can be associated with mobility management mechanisms. In RRC Idle 604 and RRC Inactive 606, the UE manages mobility through cell reselection. The purpose of mobility management in RRC Idle 604 and RRC Inactive 606 is to allow the network to notify the UE of events via paging messages, without having to broadcast paging messages across the entire mobile network. The mobility management mechanisms used in RRC Idle 604 and RRC Inactive 606 allow the network to track the UE at the cell group level, enabling paging messages to be broadcast on cells within the cell group in which the UE currently camps, instead of across the entire mobile network. Mobility management mechanisms for RRC Idle 604 and RRC Inactive 606 track the UE at the cell group level. They can do this using different granularities of grouping. For example, there can be three levels of cell grouping granularity: a single cell; cells within a RAN area identified by a RAN Area Identifier (RAI); and a group of cells within a RAN area, called a tracking area, identified by a Tracking Area Identifier (TAI).

[0141] Tracking areas can be used to track UEs at the CN level. A CN (e.g., CN 102 or 5G-CN 152) can provide the UE with a list of TAIs associated with the UE's registration area. If the UE moves to a cell associated with a TAI not included in the list of TAIs associated with the UE's registration area via cell reselection, the UE can perform a registration update with the CN to allow the CN to update the UE's location and provide the UE with a new UE registration area.

[0142] RAN areas can be used to track UEs at the RAN level. For a UE in the RRC Inactive 606 state, a RAN notification area can be assigned to the UE. A RAN notification area can include one or more cell identifiers, RI lists, or TAI lists. In one example, a base station can belong to one or more RAN notification areas. In one example, a cell can belong to one or more RAN notification areas. If the UE moves a cell not included in the RAN notification area assigned to the UE via cell reselection, the UE can perform a notification area update with the RAN to update the UE's RAN notification area.

[0143] The base station that stores the RRC context for the UE or the UE's last serving base station may be referred to as the anchor base station. The anchor base station may maintain the RRC context for the UE at least during the time period when the UE is in the anchor base station's RAN notification area and / or during the time period when the UE is in RRC inactivity 606.

[0144] gNB (such as Figure 1B The gNB 160 can be divided into two parts: a central unit (gNB-CU) and one or more distributed units (gNB-DU). The gNB-CU can be coupled to one or more gNB-DUs using an F1 interface. The gNB-CU may include RRC, PDCP, and SDAP. The gNB-DU may include RLC, MAC, and PHY.

[0145] In NR, physical signals and physical channels (about Figure 5A and Figure 5B The symbols discussed can be mapped to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. OFDM is... F A multicarrier communication scheme that transmits data on orthogonal subcarriers (or tones). Before transmission, the data can be mapped to a series of complex symbols (e.g., M-QAM or M-PSK symbols), called source symbols, and divided into... F A parallel symbol stream. F The parallel symbol streams can be viewed as if they were in the frequency domain and used as input to blocks of Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) symbols that transform them to the time domain. IFFT blocks can be generated one at a time from... FEach symbol stream in a parallel symbol stream is obtained F Each source symbol is used to modulate the corresponding source symbol. F One of the orthogonal subcarriers F The magnitude and phase of the sinusoidal basis functions. The output of an IFFT block can represent... F The sum of orthogonal subcarriers F Each time-domain sample. F Each time-domain sample can form a single OFDM symbol. After some processing (e.g., adding a cyclic prefix) and up-conversion, the OFDM symbol provided by the IFFT block can be transmitted over the air interface at the carrier frequency. The OFDM symbol can be mixed using an FFT block before being processed by the IFFT block. F A parallel symbol stream. This operation produces OFDM symbols precoded by Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and can be used by the UE in the uplink to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The OFDM symbols at the receiver can be inversely processed using FFT blocks to recover the data mapped to the source symbols.

[0146] Figure 7 An example configuration of NR frames, in which OFDM symbols are grouped, is shown. NR frames can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN). An SFN can repeat for a period of 1024 frames. As shown, the duration of an NR frame can be 10 milliseconds (ms), and it can consist of 10 subframes, each lasting 1 ms. Subframes can be divided into time slots, for example, each containing 14 OFDM symbols.

[0147] The duration of a time slot can depend on the digital scheme of the OFDM symbols used for the time slot. NR supports flexible digital schemes to accommodate different cell deployments (e.g., cells with carrier frequencies below 1 GHz, up to cells with carrier frequencies in the millimeter wave range). Digital schemes can be defined in terms of subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration. For digital schemes in NR, the subcarrier spacing can be increased by a power of 2 from a baseline subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and the cyclic prefix duration can be decreased by a power of 2 from a baseline cyclic prefix duration of 4.7 μs. For example, NR defines digital schemes with the following combinations of subcarrier spacing / cyclic prefix duration: 15 kHz / 4.7 μs; 30 kHz / 2.3 μs; 60 kHz / 1.2 μs; 120 kHz / 0.59 μs; and 240 kHz / 0.29 μs.

[0148] A time slot can have a fixed number of OFDM symbols (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols). Digital schemes with higher subcarrier spacing have shorter time slot durations, and correspondingly, more time slots per subframe. Figure 7The time slot duration and per-subframe time slot transmission structure of this digital-dependent scheme are shown (for ease of illustration). Figure 7 (A digital scheme with a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz is not shown in the diagram). Subframes in NR can be used as time references that vary depending on the digital scheme, while time slots can be used as units for scheduling uplink and downlink transmissions. To support low latency, scheduling in NR can be decoupled from time slot duration and can begin at any OFDM symbol and ultimately be used for as many symbols as needed for transmission. These partial time slot transmissions can be referred to as micro-time slots or time slot transmissions.

[0149] Figure 8 An example configuration of time slots in the time and frequency domains of an NR carrier is shown. A time slot comprises a resource element (RE) and a resource block (RB). An RE is the smallest physical resource in an NR. (The text continues with further details about the configuration and resource blocks, which are not directly related to the previous sentence.) Figure 8 As shown, an RE spans one OFDM symbol in the time domain multiplied by one subcarrier in the frequency domain. An RB spans twelve consecutive REs in the frequency domain, as shown... Figure 8 As shown. The NR carrier can be limited to a width of 275 RBs or 275 × 12 = 3300 subcarriers. If used, such a limitation can be applied to NR carriers at subcarrier spacings of 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz, respectively, limiting them to 50 MHz, 100 MHz, 200 MHz, and 400 MHz, where a 400 MHz bandwidth can be set based on a per-carrier bandwidth limit of 400 MHz.

[0150] Figure 8 This illustrates a single digital scheme used across the entire bandwidth of an NR carrier. In other example configurations, multiple digital schemes can be supported on the same carrier.

[0151] NR can support wide carrier bandwidths (e.g., up to 400 MHz for a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz). Not all UEs can receive the full carrier bandwidth (e.g., due to hardware limitations). Furthermore, receiving the full carrier bandwidth may be prohibited in terms of UE power consumption. In one example, to reduce power consumption and / or for other purposes, the UE can adapt its receive bandwidth based on the amount of traffic scheduled to be received by the UE. This is called bandwidth adaptation.

[0152] The NR defines a Bandwidth Component (BWP) to support UEs that cannot receive the full carrier bandwidth and support bandwidth adaptation. In the example, a BWP can be defined by a subset of consecutive RBs on a carrier. A UE can be configured (e.g., via the RRC layer) to have one or more downlink BWPs and one or more uplink BWPs per serving cell (e.g., up to four downlink BWPs and up to four uplink BWPs per serving cell). At a given time, one or more of the configured BWPs for the serving cell can be active. These one or more BWPs can be referred to as the active BWPs of the serving cell. When the serving cell is configured with a secondary uplink carrier, the serving cell can have one or more first active BWPs on the uplink carrier and one or more second active BWPs on the secondary uplink carrier.

[0153] For unpaired spectrum, if the downlink BWP index of the downlink BWP and the uplink BWP index of the uplink BWP are the same, then the downlink BWP from the configured set of downlink BWPs can be linked with the uplink BWP from the configured set of uplink BWPs. For unpaired spectrum, the UE can expect the center frequency of the downlink BWP to be the same as the center frequency of the uplink BWP.

[0154] For a set of downlink BWPs configured on the primary cell (PCell), the base station can configure one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) for the UE for at least one search space. A search space is a set of locations in the time and frequency domains where the UE can find control information. The search space can be a UE-specific search space or a shared search space (potentially usable by multiple UEs). For example, the base station can configure the UE with a shared search space on the PCell or on the primary / secondary cell (PSCell) from among the active downlink BWPs.

[0155] For an uplink BWP in the configured uplink BWP set, the BS can configure the UE with one or more resource sets for one or more PUCCH transmissions. The UE can receive downlink receptions (e.g., PDCCH or PDSCH) in the downlink BWP according to the configured digital scheme (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration) for the downlink BWP. The UE can transmit uplink transmissions (e.g., PUCCH or PUSCH) in the uplink BWP according to the configured digital scheme (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix length for the uplink BWP).

[0156] One or more BWP indicator fields can be provided in the downlink control information (DCI). The value of the BWP indicator field can indicate which BWP in the configured set of BWPs is the active downlink BWP for one or more downlink receptions. The value of one or more BWP indicator fields can indicate the active uplink BWP for one or more uplink transmissions.

[0157] The base station can semi-statically configure the UE to a default downlink BWP within a set of configured downlink BWPs associated with the PCell. If the base station does not provide a default downlink BWP to the UE, the default downlink BWP can be the initial active downlink BWP. The UE can determine which BWP is the initial active downlink BWP based on the CORESET configuration obtained using the PBCH.

[0158] The base station can configure the UE with a BWP inactivity timer value for the PCell. The UE can start or restart the BWP inactivity timer at any appropriate time. For example, the UE can start or restart the BWP inactivity timer in the following situations: ( a When the UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP other than the default downlink BWP used for paired spectrum operation; or ( b When the UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP or active uplink BWP other than the default downlink BWP or uplink BWP used for unpaired spectrum operation, the UE can run a BWP inactivity timer until it expires (e.g., incrementing from zero to the BWP inactivity timer value, or decrementing from the BWP inactivity timer value to zero). When the BWP inactivity timer expires, the UE can switch from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP.

[0159] In one example, the base station may semi-statically configure a UE with one or more BWPs. The UE may switch the active BWP from the first BWP to the second BWP in response to receiving a DCI indicating that the second BWP is the active BWP and / or in response to the expiration of a BWP inactivity timer (e.g., if the second BWP is the default BWP).

[0160] Downlink and uplink BWP handover (where BWP handover refers to switching from the currently active BWP to the currently active BWP) can be performed independently in paired spectrum. In unpaired spectrum, downlink and uplink BWP handover can be performed simultaneously. Handover between configured BWPs can occur based on RRC signaling, DCI, the expiration of a BWP inactivity timer, and / or the initiation of random access.

[0161] Figure 9 An example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs for an NR carrier is shown. A UE configured with three BWPs can switch from one BWP to another at the handover point. Figure 9 In the example shown, the BWPs include: BWP 902 with a bandwidth of 40MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15kHz; BWP 904 with a bandwidth of 10MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15kHz; and BWP 906 with a bandwidth of 20MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 60kHz. BWP 902 can be the initial active BWP, and BWP 904 can be the default BWP. The UE can switch between BWPs at the handover point. Figure 9 In the example, the UE can switch from BWP 902 to BWP 904 at handover point 908. The handover at handover point 908 can occur for any suitable reason, such as in response to the expiration of a BWP inactivity timer (indicating a switch to the default BWP) and / or in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. In response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 906 as the active BWP, the UE can switch from active BWP 904 to BWP 906 at handover point 910. In response to the expiration of a BWP inactivity timer and / or in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP, the UE can switch from active BWP 906 to BWP 904 at handover point 912. In response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 902 as the active BWP, the UE can switch from active BWP 904 to BWP 902 at handover point 914.

[0162] If a UE is configured for a secondary cell with a default downlink BWP and timer values ​​from a configured set of downlink BWPs, the UE procedure for handing over the BWP on the secondary cell can be the same as / similar to the BWP on the primary cell. For example, the UE can use the timer values ​​and default downlink BWP for the secondary cell in the same / similar way that the UE would use these values ​​for the primary cell.

[0163] To provide higher data rates, two or more carriers can be aggregated, and carrier aggregation (CA) can be used to simultaneously transmit two or more carriers to / from the same UE. The aggregated carriers in CA can be referred to as component carriers (CCs). When using CA, there are multiple serving cells for the UE and one for the CC. The CC can have three configurations in the frequency domain.

[0164] Figure 10AThree CA configurations with two CCs are shown. In the intra-band, contiguous configuration 1002, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (band A) and are directly adjacent to each other within the band. In the intra-band, non-contiguous configuration 1004, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (band A) and are separated by a gap within the band. In the inter-band configuration 1006, the two CCs are located in frequency bands (band A and band B).

[0165] In one example, up to 32 CCs can be aggregated. Aggregated CCs can have the same or different bandwidths, subcarrier spacings, and / or duplex schemes (TDD or FDD). The serving cell of a UE using CA can have downlink CCs. For FDD, one or more uplink CCs can optionally be configured for the serving cell. For example, the ability to aggregate more downlink carriers than uplink carriers can be useful when the UE has more data traffic in the downlink than in the uplink.

[0166] When using CA, one of the aggregated cells used for the UE can be referred to as the primary cell (PCell). The PCell can be the serving cell to which the UE initially connects during RRC connection establishment, reconstruction, and / or handover. The PCell provides the UE with NAS mobility information and security input. The UE can have different PCells. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell can be referred to as the downlink primary CC (DL PCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell can be referred to as the uplink primary CC (UL PCC). Other aggregated cells used for the UE can be referred to as secondary cells (SCells). In the example, the SCell can be configured after the PCell is configured for the UE. For example, the SCell can be configured through the RRC connection reconfiguration procedure. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the SCell can be referred to as the downlink secondary CC (DL SCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the SCell can be referred to as the uplink secondary CC (UL SCC).

[0167] SCells configured for the UE can be activated and deactivated based on factors such as service and channel conditions. Deactivation of a SCell can mean the cessation of PDCCH and PDSCH reception on the SCell, and the cessation of PUSCH, SRS, and CQI transmissions on the SCell. Information regarding... Figure 4BThe MAC CE is used to activate and deactivate configured SCells. For example, the MAC CE can use a bitmap (e.g., one bit per SCell) to indicate which SCells of the UE (e.g., in a subset of configured SCells) are activated or deactivated. Configured SCells can be deactivated in response to the expiration of a SCell deactivation timer (e.g., one SCell deactivation timer per SCell).

[0168] Downlink control information for a cell (such as scheduling assignments and scheduling grants) can be transmitted on the cell corresponding to the assignment and grant, a process known as self-scheduling. DCI for a cell can be transmitted on another cell, known as cross-carrier scheduling. Uplink control information for aggregated cells (e.g., HARQ acknowledgments and channel state feedback, such as CQI, PMI, and / or RI) can be transmitted on the PCell's PUCCH. For a larger number of aggregated downlink CCs, the PCell's PUCCH may become overloaded. Cells can be divided into multiple PUCCH groups.

[0169] Figure 10B An example of how clustered cells can be configured into one or more PUCCH groups is shown. PUCCH group 1010 and PUCCH group 1050 can each include one or more downlink CCs. Figure 10BIn the example, PUCCH group 1010 includes three downlink CCs: PCell 1011, SCell 1012, and SCell 1013. In this example, PUCCH group 1050 includes three downlink CCs: PCell 1051, SCell 1052, and SCell 1053. One or more uplink CCs can be configured as PCell 1021, SCell 1022, and SCell 1023. One or more other uplink CCs can be configured as primary SCells (PSCells) 1061, SCell 1062, and SCell 1063. Uplink control information (UCI) associated with the downlink CCs of PUCCH group 1010 (denoted as UCI 1031, UCI 1032, and UCI 1033) can be sent in the uplink of PCell 1021. Uplink control information (UCI) related to the downlink CC of PUCCH group 1050 (shown as UCI 1071, UCI 1072, and UCI 1073) can be transmitted in the uplink of PSCell 1061. In the example, if the aggregated cell depicted in Figure 10 is not divided into PUCCH group 1010 and PUCCH group 1050, a single uplink PCell can transmit UCI related to the downlink CC, and the PCell can become overloaded. Overload can be prevented by allocating UCI transmissions between PCell 1021 and PSCell 1061.

[0170] A cell, including a downlink carrier and an optional uplink carrier, can be assigned a physical cell ID and a cell index. For example, depending on the context in which the physical cell ID is used, the physical cell ID or cell index can identify the cell's downlink carrier and / or uplink carrier. The physical cell ID can be determined using a synchronization signal transmitted on the downlink component carrier. The cell index can be determined using an RRC message. In this disclosure, the physical cell ID can be referred to as a carrier ID, and the cell index can be referred to as a carrier index. For example, when this disclosure relates to a first physical cell ID for a first downlink carrier, this disclosure can mean that the first physical cell ID is used for a cell including the first downlink carrier. The same / similar concepts can be applied, for example, to carrier activation. When this disclosure indicates that a first carrier is activated, the specification can mean that a cell including the first carrier is activated.

[0171] In CA, the multi-carrier nature of the PHY can be exposed to the MAC. In the example, the HARQ entity can operate on the serving cell. Transport blocks can be generated based on the assignment / permission of each serving cell. Transport blocks and potential HARQ retransmissions of transport blocks can be mapped to serving cells.

[0172] In the downlink, the base station may send (e.g., unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast) one or more reference signals (RS) to the UE (e.g., PSS, SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, and / or PT-RS, such as...). Figure 5A As shown). In the uplink, the UE can send one or more RSs (e.g., DMRS, PT-RS, and / or SRS, such as...) to the base station. Figure 5B (As shown). PSS and SSS can be sent by the base station and used by the UE to synchronize the UE with the base station. PSS and SSS can be provided in the Synchronization Signal (SS) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) block, which includes PSS, SSS, and PBCH. The base station can periodically send bursts of SS / PBCH blocks.

[0173] Figure 11A An example of the structure and location of SS / PBCH blocks is shown. A burst of SS / PBCH blocks can include one or more SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., 4 SS / PBCH blocks, such as...). Figure 11A (As shown). Bursts can be sent periodically (e.g., every 2 frames or 20 ms). Bursts can be limited to half-frames (e.g., a first half-frame with a duration of 5 ms). It should be understood that... Figure 11A This is an example, and these parameters (number of SS / PBCH blocks per burst, burst periodicity, burst location within a frame) can be configured based on, for example, the carrier frequency of the cell transmitting the SS / PBCH blocks; the cell's digital scheme or subcarrier spacing; the network configuration (e.g., using RRC signaling); or any other suitable factors. In the example, the UE can assume the subcarrier spacing used for the SS / PBCH blocks based on the monitored carrier frequency, unless the radio network is configured to assume a different subcarrier spacing.

[0174] SS / PBCH blocks can span one or more OFDM symbols in the time domain (e.g., 4 OFDM symbols, such as...). Figure 11A (as shown in the example), and can span one or more subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 240 consecutive subcarriers). PSS, SSS, and PBCH can have a common center frequency. PSS can be transmitted first and can span, for example, 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. SSS can be transmitted after PSS (e.g., two symbols later) and can span 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. PBCH can be transmitted after PSS (e.g., across the next 3 OFDM symbols) and can span 240 subcarriers.

[0175] The UE may know the location of the SS / PBCH block in both the time and frequency domains (e.g., if the UE is searching for a cell). To find and select a cell, the UE may monitor the carrier used for the PSS. For example, the UE may monitor the frequency location within the carrier. If no PSS is found after a certain duration (e.g., 20 ms), the UE may search for the PSS at different frequency locations within the carrier, as indicated by the synchronization grid. If the PSS is found at the locations in both the time and frequency domains, the UE may determine the locations of the SSS and PBCH based on the known structure of the SS / PBCH block, respectively. The SS / PBCH block may be a cell-defined SS block (CD-SSB). In the example, the primary cell may be associated with a CD-SSB. The CD-SSB may be located on a synchronization grid. In the example, cell selection / search and / or reselection may be based on the CD-SSB.

[0176] The UE can use the SS / PBCH block to determine one or more parameters of the cell. For example, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) of the cell based on the sequence of the PSS and SSS, respectively. The UE can determine the location of the cell's frame boundary based on the location of the SS / PBCH block. For example, the SS / PBCH block can indicate that it has been transmitted according to a transmission mode in which the distance of the SS / PBCH block from the frame boundary in the transmission mode is known.

[0177] The PBCH can use QPSK modulation and forward error correction (FEC). FEC can use polar coding. One or more symbols spanned by the PBCH can carry one or more DMRS for PBCH demodulation. The PBCH can include indications of the cell's current system frame number (SFN) and / or SS / PBCH block timing index. These parameters facilitate time synchronization between the UE and the base station. The PBCH can include a Master Information Block (MIB) to provide one or more parameters to the UE. The MIB can be used by the UE to locate the Residual Minimum System Information (RMSI) associated with the cell. The RMSI can include System Information Block Type 1 (SIB1). SIB1 can include information required by the UE to access the cell. The UE can use one or more parameters of the MIB to monitor the PDCCH, which can be used to schedule the PDSCH. The PDSCH can include SIB1. SIB1 can be decoded using parameters provided in the MIB. The PBCH can indicate the absence of SIB1. Based on the PBCH indication of the absence of SIB1, the UE can be directed to a frequency. The UE can search for SS / PBCH blocks at the frequency directed by the UE.

[0178] The UE may assume that one or more SS / PBCH blocks transmitted with the same SS / PBCH block index are quasi-co-located (QCL) (e.g., having the same / similar Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay, and / or spatial Rx parameters). The UE may not assume a QCL for SS / PBCH block transmissions with different SS / PBCH block indices.

[0179] SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., those within a half-frame) can be transmitted in spatial directions (e.g., using different beams that span the coverage area of ​​the cell). In the example, a first SS / PBCH block can be transmitted in a first spatial direction using a first beam, and a second SS / PBCH block can be transmitted in a second spatial direction using a second beam.

[0180] In the example, within the frequency span of the carrier, the base station can transmit multiple SS / PBCH blocks. In the example, the first PCI of the first SS / PBCH block among the multiple SS / PBCH blocks can be different from the second PCI of the second SS / PBCH block among the multiple SS / PBCH blocks. The PCIs of SS / PBCH blocks transmitted at different frequency locations can be different or the same.

[0181] CSI-RS can be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to acquire Channel State Information (CSI). The base station can configure the UE with one or more CSI-RS for channel estimation or any other suitable purpose. The base station can configure the UE with one or more of the same / similar CSI-RS. The UE can measure one or more CSI-RS. The UE can estimate the downlink channel state and / or generate a CSI report based on measurements of one or more downlink CSI-RS. The UE can provide the CSI report to the base station. The base station can use feedback provided by the UE (e.g., estimated downlink channel state) to perform link adaptation.

[0182] The base station can semi-statically configure the UE with one or more CSI-RS resource sets. CSI-RS resources can be associated with location and period in the time and frequency domains. The base station can selectively activate and / or deactivate CSI-RS resources. The base station can instruct the UE that CSI-RS resources in the CSI-RS resource set are activated and / or deactivated.

[0183] The base station can configure the UE to report CSI measurements. The base station can configure the UE to provide CSI reports periodically, non-periodically, or semi-persistently. For periodic CSI reporting, the UE can be configured with multiple CSI reports at specific times and / or periodically. For non-periodic CSI reporting, the base station can request CSI reports. For example, the base station can command the UE to measure configured CSI-RS resources and provide CSI reports related to the measurement. For semi-persistent CSI reporting, the base station can configure the UE to send periodically and selectively activate or deactivate periodic reports. The base station can use RRC signaling to configure the UE with CSI-RS resource sets and CSI reports.

[0184] CSI-RS configuration may include one or more parameters indicating, for example, up to 32 antenna ports. When the downlink CSI-RS and CORESET are spatially QCL and the resource element associated with the downlink CSI-RS is outside the physical resource block (PRB) configured for the control resource set (CORESET), the UE can be configured to use the same OFDM symbol for the downlink CSI-RS and CORESET. When the downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH block are spatially QCL and the resource element associated with the downlink CSI-RS is outside the PRB configured for the SS / PBCH block, the UE can be configured to use the same OFDM symbol for the downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH block.

[0185] Downlink DMRS can be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE for channel estimation. For example, downlink DMRS can be used for coherent demodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g., PDSCH). The NR network can support one or more variable and / or configurable DMRS modes for data demodulation. At least one downlink DMRS configuration can support a preloaded DMRS mode. Preloaded DMRS can be mapped on one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). The base station can semi-statically configure the UE with the number (e.g., a maximum number) of preloaded DMRS symbols for PDSCH. The DMRS configuration can support one or more DMRS ports. For example, for single-user MIMO, the DMRS configuration can support up to eight orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. For multi-user MIMO, the DMRS configuration can support up to four orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. The radio network can support (e.g., at least for CP-OFDM) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, wherein the DMRS location, DMRS mode, and / or scrambling sequence can be the same or different. The base station can use the same precoding matrix to transmit downlink DMRS and the corresponding PDSCH. The UE can use one or more downlink DMRS to perform coherent demodulation / channel estimation of the PDSCH.

[0186] In the example, the transmitter (e.g., a base station) can use a precoder matrix as part of the transmission bandwidth. For example, the transmitter can use a first precoder matrix for a first bandwidth and a second precoder matrix for a second bandwidth. The first and second precoder matrices can differ based on the first bandwidth being different from the second bandwidth. The UE can assume that the same precoding matrix is ​​used on the PRB set. The PRB set can be represented as a Precoding Resource Block Group (PRG).

[0187] A PDSCH may include one or more layers. The UE may assume that at least one symbol with DMRS exists on one or more layers of the PDSCH. Higher layers may configure up to three DMRS for the PDSCH.

[0188] Downlink PT-RS can be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE for phase noise compensation. The presence of downlink PT-RS can depend on RRC configuration. The presence and / or mode of downlink PT-RS can be configured on a UE-specific basis using RRC signaling and / or a combination of parameters associated with one or more parameters for other purposes (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS)), which can be indicated by DCI. When configured, the dynamic presence of downlink PT-RS can be associated with one or more DCI parameters that include at least an MCS. NR networks can support multiple PT-RS densities defined in the time and / or frequency domains. When present, the frequency domain density can be associated with at least one configuration of the scheduled bandwidth. The UE can assume the same precoding for both DMRS ports and PT-RS ports. The number of PT-RS ports can be less than the number of DMRS ports in the scheduled resources. Downlink PT-RS can be restricted to the time / frequency duration scheduled by the UE. Downlink PT-RS can be transmitted on symbols to facilitate phase tracking at the receiver.

[0189] The UE can transmit uplink DMRS to the base station for channel estimation. For example, the base station can use uplink DMRS to coherently demodulate one or more uplink physical channels. For example, the UE can transmit uplink DMRS with PUSCH and / or PUCCH. Uplink DMRS can span a frequency range similar to the frequency range associated with the corresponding physical channel. The base station can configure the UE with one or more uplink DMRS configurations. At least one DMRS configuration can support a preloaded DMRS mode. The preloaded DMRS can be mapped onto one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). One or more uplink DMRS can be configured to be transmitted at one or more symbols of PUSCH and / or PUCCH. The base station can semi-statically configure the UE with a number (e.g., a maximum number) of preloaded DMRS symbols for PUSCH and / or PUCCH, which the UE can use to schedule single-symbol DMRS and / or dual-symbol DMRS. NR networks can support (e.g., for Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM)) a common DMRS structure for both downlink and uplink, wherein the DMRS location, DMRS mode, and / or scrambling sequence used for DMRS can be the same or different.

[0190] A PUSCH may include one or more layers, and a UE may transmit at least one symbol with DMRS on one or more layers of the PUSCH. In the example, a higher layer may be configured with up to three DMRS for the PUSCH.

[0191] Depending on the UE's RRC configuration, uplink PT-RS may or may not exist (it can be used by the base station for phase tracking and / or phase noise compensation). The presence and / or mode of uplink PT-RS can be configured on a UE-specific basis via a combination of RRC signaling and / or parameters for other purposes (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS)), which can be indicated by DCI. When configured, the dynamic presence of uplink PT-RS can be associated with one or more DCI parameters that include at least an MCS. The radio network can support multiple uplink PT-RS densities defined in the time / frequency domain. When present, the frequency domain density can be associated with at least one configuration of the scheduled bandwidth. The UE can assume the same precoding for DMRS ports and PT-RS ports. The number of PT-RS ports can be less than the number of DMRS ports in the scheduled resources. For example, uplink PT-RS can be restricted to the UE's scheduled time / frequency duration.

[0192] SRS can be sent by the UE to the base station for channel state estimation to support uplink channel-dependent scheduling and / or link adaptation. The SRS sent by the UE allows the base station to estimate the uplink channel state at one or more frequencies. The scheduler at the base station can use the estimated uplink channel state to assign one or more resource blocks to uplink PUSCH transmissions from the UE. The base station can semi-statically configure the UE with one or more SRS resource sets. For each SRS resource set, the base station can configure the UE with one or more SRS resources. The suitability of the SRS resource set can be configured by higher-layer (e.g., RRC) parameters. For example, when higher-layer parameters indicate beam management, one or more SRS resources from one or more SRS resource sets (e.g., having the same / similar time-domain behavior, periodicity, aperiodicity, etc.) can be sent at (e.g., simultaneously). The UE can send one or more SRS resources from an SRS resource set. The NR network can support aperiodic, periodic, and / or semi-persistent SRS transmissions. The UE can transmit SRS resources based on one or more trigger types, wherein the one or more trigger types may include higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and / or one or more DCI formats. In the example, at least one DCI format can be used by the UE to select at least one of one or more configured sets of SRS resources. SRS trigger type 0 may refer to SRS triggered based on higher-layer signaling. SRS trigger type 1 may refer to SRS triggered based on one or more DCI formats. In one example, when PUSCH and SRS are transmitted in the same time slot, the UE can be configured to transmit SRS after the transmission of PUSCH and the corresponding uplink DMRS.

[0193] The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more SRS configuration parameters indicating at least one of the following: SRS resource configuration identifier; number of SRS ports; temporal behavior of SRS resource configuration (e.g., indication of periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS); periodicity at the time slot, micro-time slot, and / or subframe level; offset for periodic and / or aperiodic SRS resources; number of OFDM symbols in the SRS resources; starting OFDM symbol of the SRS resources; SRS bandwidth; frequency hopping bandwidth; cyclic shift; and / or SRS sequence ID.

[0194] An antenna port is defined such that the channel transmitting a symbol on the antenna port can be inferred from the channel transmitting another symbol on the same antenna port. If a first symbol and a second symbol are transmitted on the same antenna port, the receiver can infer the channel used to transmit the second symbol on the antenna port (e.g., fading gain, multipath delay, etc.) from the channel used to transmit the first symbol on the antenna port. The first and second antenna ports can be referred to as quasi-co-located (QCL) if one or more large-scale properties of the channel transmitting the first symbol on the first antenna port can be inferred from the channel transmitting the second symbol on the second antenna port. One or more large-scale properties can include at least one of the following: delay spread; Doppler spread; Doppler shift; average gain; average delay; and / or spatial reception (Rx) parameters.

[0195] Channels using beamforming require beam management. Beam management can include beam measurement, beam selection, and beam indication. A beam can be associated with one or more reference signals. For example, a beam can be identified by one or more beamforming reference signals. The UE can perform downlink beam measurements based on downlink reference signals (e.g., Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS)) and generate a beam measurement report. The UE can perform the downlink beam measurement procedure after establishing an RRC connection with the base station.

[0196] Figure 11B An example of a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) mapped in the time and frequency domains is shown. Figure 11BThe square shown can span a resource block (RB) within the cell's bandwidth. The base station can send one or more RRC messages including CSI-RS resource configuration parameters, which indicate one or more CSI-RS. One or more of the following parameters can be configured via higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC and / or MAC signaling) for CSI-RS resource configuration: CSI-RS resource configuration identifier, number of CSI-RS ports, CSI-RS configuration (e.g., symbol and resource element (RE) positions in subframes), CSI-RS subframe configuration (e.g., subframe position, offset, and period in radio frames), CSI-RS power parameters, CSI-RS sequence parameters, code division multiplexing (CDM) type parameters, frequency density, transport comb, and quasi-co-location (QCL) parameters (e.g., ...). QCL-scramblindentity , crs-portscount , mbsfn-subframeconfiglist , csi-rs- configZPid , qcl-csi-rs-configNZPid (and / or other radio resource parameters).

[0197] Figure 11B The three beams shown can be configured for use in a UE-specific configuration. Figure 11B The diagram shows three beams (beam #1, beam #2, and beam #3), and more or fewer beams can be configured. Beam #1 can be assigned CSI-RS 1101, which can be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in the RB of the first symbol. Beam #2 can be assigned CSI-RS 1102, which can be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in the RB of the second symbol. Beam #3 can be assigned CSI-RS 1103, which can be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in the RB of the third symbol. By using frequency division multiplexing (FDM), the base station can use other subcarriers in the same RB (e.g., subcarriers not used to transmit CSI-RS 1101) to transmit another CSI-RS associated with the beam for another UE. By using time domain multiplexing (TDM), the beam for the UE can be configured such that the beam for the UE uses symbols from beams from other UEs.

[0198] Such as Figure 11BThe CSI-RS shown (e.g., CSI-RS 1101, 1102, 1103) can be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE for one or more measurements. For example, the UE can measure the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of a configured CSI-RS resource. The base station can configure the UE with a reporting configuration, and the UE can report RSRP measurements to the network (e.g., via one or more base stations) based on the reporting configuration. In the example, the base station can determine one or more Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) states, including multiple reference signals, based on the reported measurement results. In the example, the base station can indicate one or more TCI states to the UE (e.g., via RRC signaling, MAC CE, and / or DCI). The UE can receive downlink transmissions with receive (Rx) beams determined based on one or more TCI states. In the example, the UE may or may not have beam mapping capability. If the UE has beam mapping capability, the UE can determine the spatial domain filter for the transmit (Tx) beam based on the spatial domain filter corresponding to the Rx beam. If the UE lacks beam correspondence capability, it can perform an uplink beam selection procedure to determine the spatial domain filter for the Tx beam. The UE can perform the uplink beam selection procedure based on one or more Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) resources configured for it by the base station. The base station can select and indicate the uplink beam for the UE based on measurements of one or more SRS resources transmitted by the UE.

[0199] During beam management, the UE can evaluate (e.g., measure) the channel quality of one or more beampair links, which include transmit beams sent by the base station and receive beams received by the UE. Based on this evaluation, the UE can send a beam measurement report indicating the quality parameters of one or more beampairs, including, for example, one or more beam identifiers (e.g., beam index, reference signal index, etc.), RSRP, precoding matrix indicator (PMI), channel quality indicator (CQI), and / or rank indicator (RI).

[0200] Figure 12AExamples of three downlink beam management procedures are shown: P1, P2, and P3. Procedure P1 can implement UE measurements of the transmit (Tx) beams of a transmit-receive point (TRP) (or multiple TRPs), for example, to support the selection of one or more base station Tx beams and / or UE Rx beams (shown as ellipses in the top and bottom rows of P1, respectively). Beamforming at the TRP can include a Tx beam scan for the beam set (shown as an ellipse rotating counterclockwise in the top rows of P1 and P2, indicated by the dashed arrows). Beamforming at the UE can include an Rx beam scan for the beam set (shown as an ellipse rotating clockwise in the bottom rows of P1 and P3, indicated by the dashed arrows). Procedure P2 can be used to enable UE measurements on the Tx beams of a TRP (shown as an ellipse rotating counterclockwise in the top row of P2, indicated by the dashed arrows). The UE and / or base station can perform process P2 using a smaller beam set than that used in process P1, or using a narrower beam than that used in process P1. This can be referred to as beam refinement. The UE can perform process P3 for Rx beam determination by using the same Tx beam at the base station and scanning the Rx beam at the UE.

[0201] Figure 12B Examples of three uplink beam management procedures are shown: U1, U2, and U3. Procedure U1 can be used to enable the base station to perform measurements on the UE's Tx beam, for example, to support the selection of one or more UE Tx beams and / or base station Rx beams (shown as ellipses in the top and bottom rows of U1, respectively). Beamforming at the UE can include, for example, a Tx beam scan from a beam set (shown as an ellipse rotating clockwise in the bottom row of U1 and U3, indicated by the dashed arrow). Beamforming at the base station can include, for example, an Rx beam scan from a beam set (shown as an ellipse rotating counterclockwise in the top row of U1 and U2, indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure U2 can be used to enable the base station to adjust its Rx beam when the UE uses a fixed Tx beam. The UE and / or base station can perform procedure U2 using a smaller beam set than the beams used in procedure P1 or using a narrower beam than the beams used in procedure P1. This can be referred to as beam refinement. The UE can perform procedure U3 to adjust its Tx beam when the base station is using a fixed Rx beam.

[0202] The UE can initiate a beam fault recovery (BFR) procedure based on the detection of a beam fault. The UE can send a BFR request (e.g., preamble, UCI, SR, MAC CE, etc.) based on the initiation of the BFR procedure. The UE can detect a beam fault based on determining that the quality of the beam pair link of the associated control channel is unsatisfactory (e.g., an error rate higher than the error rate threshold, received signal power lower than the received signal power threshold, timer expiration, etc.).

[0203] The UE can use one or more reference signals (RS) comprising one or more SS / PBCH blocks, one or more CSI-RS resources, and / or one or more demodulation reference signals (DMRS) to measure the quality of the beamp-link. The quality of the beamp-link can be based on one or more of the following: block error rate (BLER), RSRP value, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) value, reference signal reception quality (RSRQ) value, and / or CSI value measured on the RS resources. The base station can indicate that the RS resources and one or more DMRSs of the channel (e.g., control channel, shared data channel, etc.) are quasi-co-located (QCL). One or more DMRSs of the RS resources and the channel can be QCL when the channel characteristics of transmission from the RS resources to the UE (e.g., Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial Rx parameter, fading, etc.) are similar to or the same as the channel characteristics of transmission from the channel to the UE.

[0204] The network (e.g., the network's gNB and / or ng-eNB) and / or the UE can initiate a random access procedure. A UE in the RRC_IDLE state and / or RRC_INACTIVE state can initiate a random access procedure to request connection establishment to the network. A UE can initiate a random access procedure from the RRC_CONNECTED state. A UE can initiate a random access procedure to request uplink resources (e.g., for uplink transmission of SR when no PUCCH resources are available) and / or to acquire uplink timing (e.g., when the uplink synchronization state is asynchronous). A UE can initiate a random access procedure to request one or more System Information Blocks (SIBs) (e.g., other system information such as SIB2, SIB3, etc.). A UE can initiate a random access procedure for a beam fault recovery request. The network can initiate a random access procedure for handover and / or for establishing time alignment for SCell addition.

[0205] Figure 13A A four-step contention-based random access procedure is illustrated. Before initiating the procedure, the base station may send configuration message 1310 to the UE. Figure 13AThe process shown includes the transmission of four messages: Msg1 1311, Msg2 1312, Msg3 1313, and Msg4 1314. Msg1 1311 may include and / or be referred to as a preamble (or random access preamble). Msg2 1312 may include and / or be referred to as a random access response (RAR).

[0206] For example, one or more RRC messages can be used to send configuration message 1310. One or more RRC messages can indicate one or more Random Access Channel (RACH) parameters to the UE. The one or more RACH parameters can include at least one of the following: general parameters for one or more random access procedures (e.g., RACF-configGeneral ); cell-specific parameters (e.g., RACH-ConfigCommon ); and / or special parameters (e.g., RACH-configDedicated The base station may broadcast or multicast one or more RRC messages to one or more UEs. One or more RRC messages may be UE-specific (e.g., dedicated RRC messages sent to the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state and / or RRC_INACTIVE state). The UE may determine the time-frequency resources and / or uplink transmit power for the transmission of Msg1 1311 and / or Msg3 1313 based on one or more RACH parameters. Based on one or more RACH parameters, the UE may determine the receive timing and downlink channel for receiving Msg2 1312 and Msg4 1314.

[0207] The one or more RACH parameters provided in configuration message 1310 can indicate one or more physical RACH (PRACH) timings available for transmission in Msg1 1311. One or more PRACH timings can be predefined. One or more RACH parameters can indicate one or more available sets of one or more PRACH timings (e.g., ...). prach-ConfigIndex One or more RACH parameters can indicate the association between (a) one or more PRACH timings and (b) one or more reference signals. One or more RACH parameters can indicate the association between (a) one or more preambles and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more reference signals can be SS / PBCH blocks and / or CSI-RS. For example, one or more RACH parameters can indicate the number of SS / PBCH blocks mapped to PRACH timings and / or the number of preambles mapped to SS / PBCH blocks.

[0208] One or more RACH parameters provided in configuration message 1310 can be used to determine the uplink transmit power of Msg1 1311 and / or Msg3 1313. For example, one or more RACH parameters can indicate a reference power for preamble transmission (e.g., the target power for reception and / or the initial power for preamble transmission). One or more power offsets indicated by one or more RACH parameters may exist. For example, one or more RACH parameters can indicate: power ramp step size; power offset between SSB and CSI-RS; power offset between transmissions of Msg 1 1311 and Msg 3 1313; and / or power offset values ​​between preamble groups. One or more RACH parameters can indicate one or more thresholds upon which the UE can determine at least one reference signal (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) and / or uplink carrier (e.g., normal uplink (NUL) carrier and / or supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier).

[0209] Msg 1 1311 may include one or more preamble transmissions (e.g., preamble transmission and one or more preamble retransmissions). RRC messages can be used to configure one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and / or group B). A preamble group may include one or more preambles. The UE may determine the preamble group based on path loss measurements and / or the magnitude of Msg 3 1313. The UE may measure the RSRP of one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) and determine those with values ​​above an RSRP threshold (e.g., rsrp-ThresholdSSB and / or rsrp-ThresholdCSI-RS At least one reference signal of the RSRP of the UE. For example, if the association between one or more preambles and at least one reference signal is configured by an RRC message, the UE can select at least one preamble associated with one or more reference signals and / or the selected preamble group.

[0210] The UE can determine the preamble based on one or more RACH parameters provided in configuration message 1310. For example, the UE can determine the preamble based on path loss measurement, RSRP measurement, and / or the size of Msg 3 1313. As another example, one or more RACH parameters can indicate: the preamble format; the maximum number of preamble transmissions; and / or one or more thresholds for determining one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and group B). The base station can use one or more RACH parameters to configure the UE with associations between one or more preambles and one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS). If the association is configured, the UE can determine the preamble to be included in Msg 1 1311 based on the association. Msg 1 1311 can be sent to the base station via one or more PRACH timings. The UE can use one or more reference signals (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) to select the preamble and to determine the PRACH timing. One or more RACH parameters (e.g., ra- ssb-OccasionMasIndex and / or ra-OccasionList It can indicate the correlation between the PRACH timing and one or more reference signals.

[0211] If no response is received after the preamble transmission, the UE can perform a preamble retransmission. The UE can increase the uplink transmit power used for preamble retransmission. The UE can select the initial preamble transmit power based on path loss measurements and / or the target received preamble power configured by the network. The UE can determine the preamble to be retransmitted and can ramp up the uplink transmit power. The UE can receive one or more RACH parameters (e.g., indicating the ramp step size for preamble retransmission) indicating the ramp step size for preamble retransmission. PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP The ramp-up step size can be the incremental increase in uplink transmit power used for retransmissions. If the UE determines that the same reference signal (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) is used as in previous preamble transmissions, the UE can ramp up the uplink transmit power. The UE can count the number of preamble transmissions and / or retransmissions (e.g., PREAMBLE_ TRANSMISSION_COUNTER For example, if the number of preamble transmissions exceeds the number determined by one or more RACH parameters (e.g., preambleTransMax If the configured threshold is met, the UE can determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed.

[0212] The Msg 2 1312 received by the UE may include a RAR. In some scenarios, Msg 2 1312 may include multiple RARs corresponding to multiple UEs. Msg 2 1312 may be received after or in response to the transmission of Msg 1 1311. Msg 2 1312 may be scheduled on the DL-SCH and indicated on the PDCCH using a Random Access RNTI (RA-RNTI). Msg 2 1312 may indicate that the base station has received Msg 1 1311. Msg 2 1312 may include a time alignment command, which may be used by the UE to adjust the UE's transmission timing, the scheduling grant for transmitting Msg 3 1313, and / or the Temporary Cell RNTI (TC-RNTI). After sending the preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow The UE can monitor the PDCCH used for Msg 2 1312. The UE can determine when to start a time window based on the PRACH timing used by the UE to transmit the preamble. For example, the UE can start a time window for one or more symbols after the last symbol of the preamble (e.g., at the first PDCCH timing from the end of the preamble transmission). One or more symbols can be determined based on a digital scheme. The PDCCH can be in a common search space configured by the RRC message (e.g., the Type 1-PDCCH common search space). The UE can identify the RAR based on the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI). The RNTI can be used based on one or more events that initiate the random access procedure. The UE can use the Random Access RNTI (RA-RNTI). The RA-RNTI can be associated with the PRACH timing in which the UE transmits the preamble. For example, the UE can determine the RA-RNTI based on: the OFDM symbol index; the time slot index; the frequency domain index; and / or the UL carrier indicator of the PRACH timing. An example of the RA-RNTI is as follows: RA-RNTI = 1 + s_id + 14 × t_id + 14 × 80 × f_id + 14 × 80 × 8 × ul_carrier_id, where s_id can be the index of the first OFDM symbol of the PRACH timing (e.g., 0 ≤ s_id < 14), t_id can be the index of the first slot of the PRACH timing in the system frame (e.g., 0 ≤ t_id < 80), f_id can be the index of the PRACH timing in the frequency domain (e.g., 0 ≤ f_id < 8), and ul_carrier_id can be the UL carrier used for preamble transmission (e.g., 0 for NUL carrier and 1 for SUL carrier).

[0213] The UE may send Msg 3 1313 in response to the successful reception of Msg 2 1312 (e.g., using the resource identified in Msg 2 1312). Msg 3 1313 can be used for, for example... Figure 13A The diagram illustrates contention resolution in a contention-based random access procedure. In some scenarios, multiple UEs may send the same preamble to the base station, and the base station may provide a RAR corresponding to each UE. If multiple UEs interpret the RAR as corresponding to themselves, a conflict may occur. Contention resolution (e.g., using Msg 3 1313 and Msg 4 1314) can be used to increase the likelihood that a UE will incorrectly use the identity of another UE. To perform contention resolution, the UE may include a device identifier (e.g., C-RNT (if assigned), TC-RNTI included in Msg 2 1312, and / or any other suitable identifier) ​​in Msg 3 1313.

[0214] Msg 4 1314 can be received after or in response to the transmission of Msg 3 1313. If a C-RNTI is included in Msg 3 1313, the base station will use the C-RNTI to address the UE on the PDCCH. If the UE's unique C-RNTI is detected on the PDCCH, the random access procedure is determined to have been successfully completed. If a TC-RNTI is included in Msg 3 1313 (e.g., if the UE is in RRC_IDLE state or not otherwise connected to the base station), Msg 4 1314 will be received using the DL-SCH associated with the TC-RNTI. If the MAC PDU is successfully decoded and the MAC PDU includes a UE contention resolution identifier MAC CE that matches (e.g., is transmitted) the CCCH SDU conveyed in Msg 3 1313, the UE can determine that contention resolution was successful and / or the UE can determine that the random access procedure was successfully completed.

[0215] The UE can be configured with Supplemental Uplink (SUL) carriers and Normal Uplink (NUL) carriers. Initial access (e.g., random access procedures) can be supported on the uplink carriers. For example, the base station can configure two separate RACH configurations for the UE: one for the SUL carrier and another for the NUL carrier. For random access in a cell configured with an SUL carrier, the network can indicate which carrier (NUL or SUL) to use. For example, the UE can determine the SUL carrier if the measured quality of one or more reference signals is below a broadcast threshold. Uplink transmissions during random access procedures (e.g., Msg 1 1311 and / or Msg 3 1313) can be preserved on the selected carrier. In one or more scenarios, the UE can switch uplink carriers during random access procedures (e.g., between Msg 1 1311 and Msg 3 1313). For example, the UE can determine and / or switch uplink carriers for Msg 1 1311 and / or Msg 3 1313 based on channel idle assessment (e.g., listen before speaking).

[0216] Figure 13B This illustrates a two-step contention-free random access process. Similar to... Figure 13A The four-step contention-based random access procedure shown in the diagram allows the base station to send configuration message 1320 to the UE before the procedure is initiated. Configuration message 1320 may be similar to configuration message 1310 in some respects. Figure 13B The process shown involves the transmission of two messages: Msg 1 1321 and Msg2 1322. Msg 1 1321 and Msg 2 1322 can be similar in some respects to... Figure 13A The Msg 1 1311 and Msg 2 1312 shown are as follows. Figure 13A and Figure 13B Understood, a contention-free random access procedure may not include messages such as Msg 31313 and / or Msg 4 1314.

[0217] Figure 13B The contention-free random access procedure shown can be initiated for beam failure recovery, other SI requests, SCell addition, and / or handover. For example, the base station can indicate or assign a preamble to the UE for Msg 1 1321. The UE can receive the preamble (e.g., via PDCCH and / or RRC) from the base station. ra-PreambleIndex (instructions).

[0218] After sending the preamble, the UE can start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow To monitor the PDCCH used for RAR. In the event of a beam fault recovery request, the base station can configure the UE with a separate time window and / or by an RRC message (e.g., recoverySearchSpaceId The UE can monitor PDCCH transmissions addressed to the cell RNTI (C-RNTI) in the search space. Figure 13B In the contention-free random access procedure illustrated, the UE can determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed after or in response to the transmission of Msg 1 1321 and the reception of the corresponding Msg 2 1322. For example, if the PDCCH transmission is addressed to C-RNTI, the UE can determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed. The UE can also determine that the random access procedure has been successfully completed, for example, if the UE receives a RAR including a preamble identifier corresponding to the preamble sent by the UE and / or the RAR includes a MAC subPDU with a preamble identifier. The UE can determine this response as an indication of acknowledgment of the SI request.

[0219] Figure 13C Another two-step random access process is shown. Similar to... Figure 13A and Figure 13B In the random access procedure shown, the base station may send configuration message 1330 to the UE before the procedure is initiated. Configuration message 1330 may be similar in some respects to configuration message 1310 and / or configuration message 1320. Figure 13C The process shown involves the transmission of two messages: Msg A1331 and Msg B1332.

[0220] Msg A 1331 can be sent by the UE in an uplink transmission. Msg A 1331 may include one or more transmissions of preamble 1341 and / or one or more transmissions of transport block 1342. Transport block 1342 may include... Figure 13A The content shown is similar to and / or equivalent to Msg 3 1313. Transport block 1342 may include UCI (e.g., SR, HARQ ACK / NACK, etc.). The UE may receive Msg B 1332 after or in response to sending Msg A 1331. Msg B 1332 may include content similar to and / or equivalent to Msg A 1331. Figure 13A and Figure 13B The Msg 2 1312 shown (e.g., RAR) and / or Figure 13A The content shown in Msg4 1314 is similar to and / or equivalent to the content shown in Msg4 1314.

[0221] UE can Figure 13CThe UE initiates a two-step random access procedure for licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. The UE may determine whether to initiate a two-step random access procedure based on one or more factors. These factors may include: the radio access technology in use (e.g., LTE, NR, etc.); whether the UE has a valid TA; cell size; the UE's RRC status; spectrum type (e.g., licensed vs. unlicensed); and / or any other suitable factors.

[0222] The UE can determine the radio resources and / or uplink transmit power for the preamble 1341 and / or transport block 1342 included in Msg A 1331 based on the two-step RACH parameters included in configuration message 1330. The RACH parameters can indicate the modulation and coding scheme (MCS), time-frequency resources, and / or power control for the preamble 1341 and / or transport block 1342. FDM, TDM, and / or CDM can be used to multiplex the time-frequency resources for the transmission of the preamble 1341 (e.g., PRACH) and the time-frequency resources for the transmission of the transport block 1342 (e.g., PUSCH). The RACH parameters enable the UE to determine the receive timing and downlink channel for monitoring and / or receiving Msg B 1332.

[0223] Transport block 1342 may include data (e.g., delay-sensitive data), a UE identifier, security information, and / or device information (e.g., International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)). The base station may send Msg B 1332 as a response to Msg A 1331. Msg B 1332 may include at least one of the following: a preamble identifier; a timing advance command; a power control command; uplink grant (e.g., radio resource allocation and / or MCS); a UE identifier for contention resolution; and / or an RNTI (e.g., a C-RNTI or a TC-RNTI). The UE can determine that the two-step random access procedure was successfully completed if: the preamble identifier in Msg B 1332 matches the preamble sent by the UE; and / or the UE identifier in Msg B 1332 matches the UE identifier in Msg A 1331 (e.g., transport block 1342).

[0224] The UE and the base station can exchange control signaling. This control signaling can be referred to as L1 / L2 control signaling and can originate from the PHY layer (e.g., Layer 1) and / or the MAC layer (e.g., Layer 2). Control signaling can include downlink control signaling sent from the base station to the UE and / or uplink control signaling sent from the UE to the base station.

[0225] Downlink control signaling may include: downlink scheduling assignment; uplink scheduling permission indicating uplink radio resources and / or transmission format; time slot format information; preemption indication; power control command; and / or any other suitable signaling. The UE may receive downlink control signaling in the payload transmitted by the base station on the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). The payload transmitted on the PDCCH may be referred to as Downlink Control Information (DCI). In some scenarios, the PDCCH may be a group common PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) shared by a group of UEs.

[0226] A base station can attach one or more Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) parity bits to a DCI to facilitate the detection of transmission errors. When the DCI is intended for use with a UE (or a group of UEs), the base station can scramble the CRC parity bits with the UE's identifier (or the identifier of the group of UEs). Scrambling the CRC parity bits with the identifier can include modulo-2 addition (or XOR operation) of the identifier value and the CRC parity bits. The identifier can include the 16-bit value of the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI).

[0227] DCIs can be used for various purposes. The purpose can be indicated by the type of RNTI used to scramble the CRC parity bits. For example, a DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a paging RNTI (P-RNTI) can indicate paging information and / or system information change notifications. A P-RNTI can be predefined as "FFFE" in hexadecimal. A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a system information RNTI (SI-RNTI) can indicate broadcast transmission of system information. A SI-RNTI can be predefined as "FFFF" in hexadecimal. A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI) can indicate a random access response (RAR). A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) can indicate dynamically scheduled unicast transmissions and / or triggering of PDCCH ordered random access. A DCI with CRC parity bits scrambled with a temporary cell RNTI (TC-RNTI) can indicate contention resolution (e.g., similar to...). Figure 13AThe Msg 3 in Msg 3 1313 shown is an example. Other RNTIs configured by the base station for the UE may include the configured scheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI), transmit power control PUCCH RNTI (TPC-PUCCH-RNTI), transmit power control PUSCH RNTI (TPC-PUSCH-RNTI), transmit power control SRS RNTI (TPC-SRS-RNTI), interrupt RNTI (INT-RNTI), slot format indication RNTI (SFI-RNTI), semi-persistent CSI-RNTI (SP-CSI-RNTI), modulation and coding scheme cell RNTI (MCS-C-RNTI), etc.

[0228] Depending on the purpose and / or content of the DCI, the base station may transmit DCIs with one or more DCI formats. For example, DCI format 0_0 can be used for PUSCH scheduling in a cell. DCI format 0_0 can be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with a compact DCI payload). DCI format 0_1 ​​can be used for PUSCH scheduling in a cell (e.g., with more DCI payload than DCI format 0_0). DCI format 1_0 can be used for PDSCH scheduling in a cell. DCI format 1_0 can be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with a compact DCI payload). DCI format 1_1 can be used for PDSCH scheduling in a cell (e.g., with more DCI payload than DCI format 1_0). DCI format 2_0 can be used to provide slot format indication to a group of UEs. DCI format 2_1 can be used to notify the group of UEs of physical resource blocks and / or OFDM symbols, where the UEs may assume there are no transmissions intended to reach them. DCI format 2_2 can be used to transmit transmit power control (TPC) commands for PUCCH or PUSCH. DCI format 2_3 can be used by one or more UEs to send a set of TPC commands for SRS transmission. DCI formats for new features may be defined in future versions. DCI formats can have different DCI sizes, or they can share the same DCI size.

[0229] After scrambling the DCI with RNTI, the base station can process the DCI using channel coding (e.g., polar coding), rate matching, scrambling, and / or QPSK modulation. The base station can map the encoded and modulated DCI onto resource elements used for and / or configured for the PDCCH. Based on the DCI payload size and / or the base station's coverage, the base station can transmit the DCI via a PDCCH occupying multiple consecutive control channel elements (CCEs). The number of consecutive CCEs (referred to as aggregation levels) can be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and / or any other suitable number. A CCE can include multiple (e.g., 6) resource element groups (REGs). REGs can include resource blocks in OFDM symbols. The mapping of the encoded and modulated DCI onto resource elements can be based on the mapping between CCEs and REGs (e.g., CCE-to-REG mapping).

[0230] Figure 14A An example of CORESET configuration for the bandwidth portion is shown. The base station can transmit DCI via PDCCH over one or more control resource sets (CORESETs). A CORESET can include time-frequency resources, where the UE attempts to decode the DCI using one or more search spaces. The base station can configure the CORESET in the time-frequency domain. Figure 14A In the example, the first CORESET 1401 and the second CORESET 1402 appear at the first symbol of the time slot. The first CORESET 1401 overlaps with the second CORESET 1402 in the frequency domain. The third CORESET 1403 appears at the third symbol of the time slot. The fourth CORESET 1404 appears at the seventh symbol of the time slot. CORESETs can have different numbers of resource blocks in the frequency domain.

[0231] Figure 14B An example of CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission and PDCCH processing on a CORESET is shown. CCE-to-REG mapping can be interleaved (e.g., for providing frequency diversity) or non-interleaved (e.g., for facilitating interference coordination and / or frequency-selective transmission in the control channel). Base stations can perform different or the same CCE-to-REG mappings on different CORESETs. A CORESET can be associated with CCE-to-REG mapping via RRC configuration. A CORESET can be configured with antenna port quasi-co-location (QCL) parameters. Antenna port QCL parameters can indicate the QCL information for the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) used for PDCCH reception in the CORESET.

[0232] The base station can send an RRC message to the UE containing configuration parameters for one or more CORESETs and one or more search space sets. The configuration parameters can indicate the association between the search space set and the CORESET. The search space set can include a set of PDCCH candidates formed by CCEs at a given aggregation level. The configuration parameters can indicate: the number of PDCCH candidates to monitor at each aggregation level; the PDCCH monitoring period and PDCCH monitoring mode; one or more DCI formats to monitor by the UE; and / or whether the search space set is a common search space set or a UE-specific search space set. The CCE set in the common search space set can be predefined and known to the UE. The CCE set in the UE-specific search space set can be configured based on the UE identifier (e.g., C-RNTI).

[0233] like Figure 14B As shown, the UE can determine the time-frequency resources used for the CORESET based on RRC messages. The UE can determine the CCE-to-REG mapping of the CORESET (e.g., interleaved or non-interleaved and / or mapping parameters) based on the CORESET's configuration parameters. The UE can determine the number of search space sets configured on the CORESET (e.g., up to 10) based on RRC messages. The UE can monitor the PDCCH candidate set according to the configuration parameters of the search space set. The UE can monitor the PDCCH candidate set in one or more CORESETs used for detecting one or more DCIs. Monitoring may include decoding one or more PDCCH candidates in the PDCCH candidate set according to the monitored DCI format. Monitoring may include decoding the DCI content of one or more PDCCH candidates using possible (or configured) PDCCH locations, possible (or configured) PDCCH formats (e.g., the number of CCEs, the number of PDCCH candidates in the common search space, and / or the number of PDCCH candidates in the UE-specific search space), and possible (or configured) DCI formats. Decoding may be referred to as blind decoding. In response to a CRC check (e.g., the scrambled bits of the CRC parity check bit used in the DCI match the RNTI value), the UE can determine that the DCI is valid for the UE. The UE can process the information contained in the DCI (e.g., scheduling assignment, uplink grant, power control, timeslot format indication, downlink preemption, etc.).

[0234] The UE can send uplink control signaling (e.g., uplink control information (UCI)) to the base station. Uplink control signaling may include a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) acknowledgment for a received DL-SCH transport block. The UE may send a HARQ acknowledgment after receiving the DL-SCH transport block. Uplink control signaling may include channel state information (CSI) indicating the channel quality of the physical downlink channel. The UE may send the CSI to the base station. Based on the received CSI, the base station can determine the transmission format parameters (e.g., including multiple antennas and beamforming schemes) for downlink transmission. Uplink control signaling may include a scheduling request (SR). The UE may send an SR indicating that uplink data is available for transmission to the base station. The UE may send UCI (e.g., HARQ acknowledgment, CSI report, SR, etc.) via the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) or the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The UE may use one of several PUCCH formats to send uplink control signaling via the PUCCH.

[0235] Five PUCCH formats can exist, and the UE can determine the PUCCH format based on the size of the UCI (e.g., the number of uplink symbols and the number of UCI bits in the UCI transmission). PUCCH format 0 can have a length of one or two OFDM symbols and can include two or fewer bits. If the transmission is on one or two symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK information bits (positive or negative SR bits) is 1 or 2, the UE can use PUCCH format 0 to transmit the UCI in the PUCCH resource. PUCCH format 1 can occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and can include two or fewer bits. If the transmission is on four or more symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK / SR bits is 1 or 2, the UE can use PUCCH format 1. PUCCH format 2 can occupy one or two OFDM symbols and can include more than two bits. If the transmission is on one or two symbols and the number of UCI bits is two or more, the UE can use PUCCH format 2. PUCCH format 3 can occupy numbers between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and can include more than two bits. If the transmission consists of four or more symbols, the UE can use PUCCH format 3, where the number of UCI bits is two or more, and the PUCCH resource does not include an orthogonal overlay code. PUCCH format 4 can occupy numbers between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and can include more than two bits. If the transmission consists of four or more symbols, the UE can use PUCCH format 4, where the number of UCI bits is two or more, and the PUCCH resource includes an orthogonal overlay code.

[0236] The base station can send configuration parameters for multiple PUCCH resource sets to the UE using, for example, RRC messages. Multiple PUCCH resource sets (e.g., up to four sets) can be configured on the cell's uplink BWP. The PUCCH resource sets can be configured with a PUCCH resource set index and have a PUCCH resource identifier (e.g., ...). pucch-Resourceid This refers to the number of UCI information bits (e.g., the maximum number) that the UE can send using one of the multiple PUCCH resources identified by the PUCCH resource set. When multiple PUCCH resource sets are configured, the UE can select one of the multiple PUCCH resource sets based on the total bit length of the UCI information bits (e.g., HARQ-ACK, SR, and / or CSI). If the total bit length of the UCI information bits is two or less, the UE can select a first PUCCH resource set with a PUCCH resource set index equal to "0". If the total bit length of the UCI information bits is greater than 2 and less than or equal to a first configuration value, the UE can select a second PUCCH resource set with a PUCCH resource set index equal to "1". If the total bit length of the UCI information bits is greater than a first configuration value and less than or equal to a second configuration value, the UE can select a third PUCCH resource set with a PUCCH resource set index equal to "2". If the total bit length of the UCI information bits is greater than the second configuration value and less than or equal to the third value (e.g., 1406), the UE can select a fourth PUCCH resource set with a PUCCH resource set index equal to "3".

[0237] After determining a PUCCH resource set from multiple PUCCH resource sets, the UE can identify the PUCCH resources used for UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR) transmission from the PUCCH resource set. The UE can determine the PUCCH resources based on the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI received on the PDCCH (e.g., with DCI format 1_0 or DCI format 1_1). The three-bit PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI can indicate one of the eight PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. Based on the PUCCH resource indicator, the UE can use the PUCCH resource indicated by the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI to transmit UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR).

[0238] Figure 15An example of a wireless device 1502 communicating with a base station 1504 according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. The wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 may be part of a mobile communication network, such as... Figure 1A The mobile communication network 100 shown Figure 1B The mobile communication network 150 shown or any other communication network. Figure 15 Only one wireless device 1502 and one base station 1504 are shown in the diagram; however, it should be understood that a mobile communication network may include more than one UE and / or more than one base station, having the same characteristics as... Figure 15 The same or similar configurations shown.

[0239] Base station 1504 can connect wireless device 1502 to the core network (not shown) via radio communication on air interface (or radio interface) 1506. The communication direction from base station 1504 to wireless device 1502 via air interface 1506 is referred to as the downlink, and the communication direction from wireless device 1502 to base station 1504 via air interface 1506 is referred to as the uplink. Downlink transmission can be separated from uplink transmission using some combination of FDD, TDD, and / or two duplex technologies.

[0240] In the downlink, data to be transmitted from base station 1504 to wireless device 1502 can be provided to processing system 1508 of base station 1504. The data can be provided to processing system 1508 by, for example, the core network. In the uplink, data to be transmitted from wireless device 1502 to base station 1504 can be provided to processing system 1518 of wireless device 1502. Processing systems 1508 and 1518 can implement Layer 3 and Layer 2 OSI functions to process the data for transmission. Layer 2 may include, for example, regarding... Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 3 and Figure 4A The SDAP layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, and MAC layer. Layer 3 may include information about... Figure 2B The RRC layer.

[0241] After being processed by processing system 1508, data destined for wireless device 1502 can be provided to transmission processing system 1510 of base station 1504. Similarly, after being processed by processing system 1518, data destined for base station 1504 can be provided to transmission processing system 1520 of wireless device 1502. Transmission processing systems 1510 and 1520 can implement Layer 1 OSI functions. Layer 1 may include information about... Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 3 and Figure 4AThe PHY layer. For transmission processing, the PHY layer can perform operations such as forward error correction coding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping of the transport channel to the physical channel, modulation of the physical channel, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) or multiple-antenna processing, etc.

[0242] At base station 1504, receiving processing system 1512 can receive uplink transmissions from wireless device 1502. At wireless device 1502, receiving processing system 1522 can receive downlink transmissions from base station 1504. Receiving processing systems 1512 and 1522 can implement Layer 1 OSI functions. Layer 1 may include information about... Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 3 and Figure 4A The PHY layer. For receive processing, the PHY layer can perform tasks such as error detection, forward error correction decoding, deinterleaving, demapping from the transport channel to the physical channel, demodulation of the physical channel, MIMO or multi-antenna processing, etc.

[0243] like Figure 15 As shown, wireless device 1502 and base station 1504 may include multiple antennas. Multiple antennas can be used to perform one or more MIMO or multi-antenna techniques, such as spatial multiplexing (e.g., single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO), transmit / receive diversity, and / or beamforming. In other examples, wireless device 1502 and / or base station 1504 may have a single antenna.

[0244] Processing systems 1508 and 1518 may be associated with memory 1514 and memory 1524, respectively. Memory 1514 and memory 1524 (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer-readable media) may store computer program instructions or code that can be executed by processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 to perform one or more of the functions discussed in this application. Although Figure 15 Although not shown, the transmission processing system 1510, transmission processing system 1520, receiving processing system 1512 and / or receiving processing system 1522 may be coupled to a memory (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer-readable media) storing computer program instructions or code that can be executed to perform one or more of their respective functions.

[0245] Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 may include one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. One or more controllers and / or one or more processors may include, for example, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and / or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate and / or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, onboard units, or any combination thereof. Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 may perform at least one of the following functions: signal encoding / processing, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other function that enables wireless device 1502 and base station 1504 to operate in a wireless environment.

[0246] Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 may be connected to one or more peripheral devices 1516 and one or more peripheral devices 1526, respectively. The one or more peripheral devices 1516 and one or more peripheral devices 1526 may include software and / or hardware providing features and / or functions, such as speakers, microphones, keypads, displays, touchpads, power supplies, satellite transceivers, universal serial bus (USB) ports, hands-free headsets, FM radio units, media players, internet browsers, electronic control units (e.g., for motor vehicles), and / or one or more sensors (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, temperature sensors, radar sensors, lidar sensors, ultrasonic sensors, light sensors, cameras, etc.). Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 may receive user input data from one or more peripheral devices 1516 and / or one or more peripheral devices 1526 and / or provide user output data to one or more peripheral devices 1516 and / or one or more peripheral devices 1526. The processing system 1518 in wireless device 1502 can receive power from a power source and / or can be configured to distribute power to other components in wireless device 1502. The power source may include one or more power sources, such as a battery, solar cell, fuel cell, or any combination thereof. Processing system 1508 and / or processing system 1518 may be connected to GPS chipset 1517 and GPS chipset 1527, respectively. GPS chipset 1517 and GPS chipset 1527 may be configured to provide geographic location information for wireless device 1502 and base station 1504, respectively.

[0247] Figure 16AAn exemplary structure for uplink transmission is shown. The baseband signal representing the physical uplink shared channel can perform one or more functions. These functions may include at least one of the following: scrambling; modulating the scrambled bits to generate complex-valued symbols; mapping the complex-valued modulated symbols to one or more transport layers; transform precoding to generate complex-valued symbols; precoding the complex-valued symbols; mapping the precoded complex-valued symbols to resource elements; generating complex-valued time-domain single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) or CP-OFDM signals for the antenna port; and so on. In the example, when transform precoding is enabled, an SC-FDMA signal for uplink transmission can be generated. In one example, when transform precoding is not enabled, a CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmission can be generated by… Figure 16A Generation. These functions are shown as examples, and other mechanisms are expected to be implemented in various embodiments.

[0248] Figure 16B An example structure for modulating and up-converting a baseband signal to a carrier frequency is shown. The baseband signal can be a complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal for the antenna port and / or a complex-valued Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) baseband signal. Filtering can be applied before transmission.

[0249] Figure 16C An exemplary structure for downlink transmission is shown. The baseband signal representing the physical downlink channel can perform one or more functions. These functions may include: scrambling coded bits in a codeword to be transmitted on the physical channel; modulating the scrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulation symbols; mapping the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or more transport layers; precoding the complex-valued modulation symbols on the layers for transmission at an antenna port; mapping the complex-valued modulation symbols for the antenna port to resource elements; generating a complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for the antenna port; and so on. These functions are shown as examples, and other mechanisms are contemplated for implementation in various embodiments.

[0250] Figure 16D Another example architecture for modulating and up-converting a baseband signal to a carrier frequency is shown. The baseband signal can be a complex-valued OFDM baseband signal for the antenna port. Filtering can be applied before transmission.

[0251] A wireless device can receive one or more messages (e.g., RRC messages) from a base station, including configuration parameters for multiple cells (e.g., primary cell, secondary cell). The wireless device can communicate with at least one base station (e.g., two or more base stations in dual connectivity) via multiple cells. One or more messages (e.g., as part of configuration parameters) may include parameters for configuring the physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, and RRC layers of the wireless device. For example, configuration parameters may include parameters for configuring physical and MAC layer channels, bearers, etc. For example, configuration parameters may include parameters indicating the values ​​of timers used for the physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers, and / or communication channels.

[0252] Once started, a timer can begin running and continue running until it is stopped or until it expires. A timer can be started if it is not running, or restarted if it is running. Timers can be associated with values ​​(e.g., a timer can start or restart from a value, or it can start from zero and expire once it reaches that value). The duration of a timer may not be updated until the timer stops or expires (e.g., due to a BWP switch). Timers can be used to measure time periods / windows of a process. When the specification relates to implementations and processes associated with one or more timers, it should be understood that there are multiple ways to implement one or more timers. For example, it should be understood that one or more of the multiple ways of implementing a timer can be used to measure time periods / windows of a process. For example, a random access response window timer can be used to measure the time window used to receive a random access response. In the example, instead of using the start and expiration of the random access response window timer, the time difference between two timestamps can be used. When the timer restarts, the process used to measure the time window can be restarted. Other example implementations for restarting the measurement of a time window can be provided.

[0253] Figure 17 An example of device-to-device (D2D) communication is shown, where direct communication exists between wireless devices. In the example, D2D communication can be performed via a sidelink (SL). Wireless devices can exchange sidelink communication via a sidelink interface. The sidelink interface can refer to a PC5 interface, a proximity-based service (e.g., direct) communication (or control) 5 interface, and / or a ProSe (e.g., direct) communication (or control) 5 interface. The sidelink is different from the uplink (where the wireless device transmits to the base station) and the downlink (where the base station transmits to the wireless device). The wireless device and the base station can exchange uplink and / or downlink communication via a user plane interface (e.g., a Uu interface).

[0254] like Figure 17As shown, wireless devices #1 and #2 can be within the coverage area of ​​base station #1. For example, both wireless devices #1 and #2 can communicate with base station #1 via the Uu interface. Wireless device #3 can be within the coverage area of ​​base station #2. Base station #1 and base station #2 can share the network and jointly provide network coverage. Wireless devices #4 and #5 can be outside the network coverage area.

[0255] When two wireless devices share a network coverage area, intra-coverage D2D communication can be performed. Wireless devices #1 and #2 are both within the coverage area of ​​base station #1. Accordingly, they can perform intra-cell D2D communication (labeled as side link A). Wireless devices #2 and #3 are in the coverage areas of different base stations but share the same network coverage area. Accordingly, they can perform intra-cell D2D communication (labeled as side link B). When one wireless device is within the network coverage area and the other wireless devices are outside the network coverage area, partial coverage D2D communication can be performed. Wireless devices #3 and #4 can perform partial coverage D2D communication (labeled as side link C). When both wireless devices are outside the network coverage area, out-of-coverage D2D communication can be performed. Wireless devices #4 and #5 can perform out-of-coverage D2D communication (labeled as side link D).

[0256] Physical channels (e.g., Physical Sideline Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sideline Feedback Channel (PSFCH), Physical Sideline Discovery Channel (PSDCH), Physical Sideline Control Channel (PSCCH), and / or Physical Sideline Shared Channel (PSSCH)) can be used to configure sideline communication. The PSBCH can be used by a first wireless device to send broadcast information to a second wireless device. The PSBCH can be similar to the PBCH in some respects. Broadcast information may include, for example, slot format indications, resource pool information, sideline system frame numbers, or any other suitable broadcast information. The PSFCH can be used by the first wireless device to send feedback information to the second wireless device. Feedback information may include, for example, HARQ feedback information. The PSDCH can be used by the first wireless device to send discovery information to the second wireless device. The wireless device can use the discovery information to signal its presence and / or service availability to other wireless devices in the area. The PSCCH can be used by the first wireless device to send sideline control information (SCI) to the second wireless device. The PSCCH can be similar to the PDCCH and / or PUCCH in some respects. Control information may include, for example, time / frequency resource allocation information (RB size, retransmission count, etc.), demodulation-related information (DMRS, MCS, RV, etc.), identification information for transmitting and / or receiving wireless devices, process identifiers (HARQ, etc.), or any other suitable control information. The PSCCH can be used to allocate, prioritize, and / or reserve sidelink resources for sidelink transmission. A first wireless device can use the PSSCH to send and / or relay data and / or network information to a second wireless device. The PSSCH may be similar to the PDSCH and / or PUSCH in some respects. Each sidelink channel in the sidelink channel may be associated with one or more demodulation reference signals. Sidelink operation can utilize sidelink synchronization signals to establish the timing of sidelink operation. A wireless device configured for sidelink operation can, for example, use the PSBCH to send a sidelink synchronization signal. The sidelink synchronization signal may include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS).

[0257] Sidelink resources can be configured to wireless devices in any suitable manner. Wireless devices can be pre-configured for sidelinks, for example, pre-configured with sidelink resource information. Additionally or alternatively, the network can broadcast system information related to resource pools used for sidelinks. Additionally or alternatively, the network can configure specific wireless devices with dedicated sidelink configurations. Configuration can identify the sidelink resources to be used for sidelink operation (e.g., configuring sidelink frequency band combinations).

[0258] Wireless devices can operate in different modes, such as an auxiliary mode (which may be referred to as mode 1) or an autonomous mode (which may be referred to as mode 2). Mode selection can be based on the coverage status of the wireless device, the radio resource control status of the wireless device, information and / or instructions from the network, and / or any other suitable factors. For example, if the wireless device is idle or inactive, or if the wireless device is outside network coverage, the wireless device can choose to operate in autonomous mode. For example, if the wireless device is in connected mode (e.g., connected to a base station), the wireless device can choose to operate in auxiliary mode (or be instructed to operate by the base station). For example, the network (e.g., a base station) can instruct connected wireless devices to operate in a specific mode.

[0259] In auxiliary mode, a wireless device can request scheduling from the network. For example, a wireless device can send a scheduling request to the network, and the network can allocate sidelink resources to the wireless device. Auxiliary mode may be referred to as network-assisted mode, gNB-assisted mode, or base station-assisted mode. In autonomous mode, a wireless device can select sidelink resources based on measurements within one or more resource pools (e.g., pre-configured or network-assigned resource pools), sidelink resource selection performed by other wireless devices, and / or sidelink resource usage by other wireless devices.

[0260] To select sidelink resources, a wireless device can observe a sensing window and a selection window. During the sensing window, the wireless device can observe SCIs transmitted by other wireless devices using a pool of sidelink resources. The SCIs can identify resources that can be used for sidelink transmissions and / or reserved for sidelink transmissions. Based on the resources identified in the SCIs, the wireless device can select resources within the selection window (e.g., resources different from those identified in the SCIs). The wireless device can then use the selected sidelink resources for transmission.

[0261] Figure 18An example of a resource pool for sidelink operation is shown. A radio device may operate using one or more sidelink cells. A sidelink cell may include one or more resource pools. Each resource pool may be configured to operate according to a specific mode (e.g., assisted or autonomous). A resource pool may be divided into resource elements. In the frequency domain, each resource element may include one or more resource blocks, such as those referred to as subchannels. In the time domain, each resource element may include, for example, one or more time slots, one or more subframes, and / or one or more OFDM symbols. Resource pools may be contiguous or non-contiguous in the frequency and / or time domains (e.g., including contiguous or non-contiguous resource elements). Resource pools may be divided into overlapping resource pool portions. Resource pools may be shared among one or more radio devices. For example, each radio device may attempt to transmit using different resource elements to avoid collisions.

[0262] Sidelink resource pools can be arranged in any suitable manner. In the diagram, the example resource pool is discontinuous in the time domain and confined to a single sidelink BWP. In the example resource pool, frequency resources are divided into Nf resource units per unit time, numbered from zero to Nf-1. The example resource pool may include multiple parts that repeat every k time units (discontinuous in this example). In the diagram, time resources are numbered n, n+1…n+k, n+k+1, etc.

[0263] A wireless device may choose to transmit one or more resource units from a resource pool. In the example resource pool, the wireless device selects resource unit (n, 0) for a sidelink transmission. The wireless device may also select periodic resource units in the later parts of the resource pool, such as resource unit (n+k, 0), resource unit (n+2k, 0), resource unit (n+3k, 0), etc. Selection may be based, for example, determining that a transmission using resource unit (n, 0) will not (or is unlikely to) conflict with sidelink transmissions of wireless devices sharing the same sidelink resource pool. This determination may be based, for example, on the behavior of other wireless devices sharing the resource pool. For example, if no sidelink transmission is detected in resource unit (nk, 0), the wireless device may select resource unit (n, 0), resource (n+k, 0), etc. For example, if a sidelink transmission from another wireless device is detected in resource unit (nk, 1), the wireless device may avoid selecting resource unit (n, 1), resource (n+k, 1), etc.

[0264] Different sidelink physical channels can use different resource pools. For example, PSCCH can use a first resource pool, and PSSCH can use a second resource pool. Different resource priorities can be associated with different resource pools. For example, data associated with a first QoS, service, priority, and / or other characteristics can use the first resource pool, and data associated with a second QoS, service, priority, and / or other characteristics can use the second resource pool. For example, the network (e.g., a base station) can configure priorities for each resource pool and configure the services to be supported for each resource pool. For example, the network (e.g., a base station) can configure a first resource pool for unicast UEs, a second resource pool for multicast UEs, etc. For example, the network (e.g., a base station) can configure a first resource pool for the transmission of sidelink data, a second resource pool for the transmission of discovery messages, etc.

[0265] In examples of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication via the Uu interface and / or PC5 interface, V2X communication can be vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. The wireless device in V2V communication can be a vehicle. In another example, V2X communication can be vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication. The wireless device in V2P communication can be a pedestrian equipped with a mobile phone / cellphone. In yet another example, V2X communication can be vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. The infrastructure in V2I communication can be a base station / access point / node / roadside unit. The wireless device in V2X communication can be a transmitting wireless device performing one or more sidelink transmissions to a receiving wireless device. The wireless device in V2X communication can also be a receiving wireless device receiving one or more sidelink transmissions from a transmitting wireless device.

[0266] Figure 19An example of a sidelink symbol in a time slot is shown. In the example, a sidelink transmission can be sent in a time slot in the time domain. In the example, the wireless device can have data to be transmitted via the sidelink. The wireless device can segment the data into one or more transport blocks (TBs). One or more TBs can include different data segments. One TB in one or more TBs can be data packets of data. The wireless device can send one or more TBs (e.g., data packets) via one or more sidelink transmissions (e.g., via PSCCH / PSSCH in one or more time slots). In one example, a sidelink transmission (e.g., in a time slot) can include a SCI. A sidelink transmission can also include TBs. The SCI can include a Phase 1 SCI and a Phase 2 SCI. The PSCCH of the sidelink transmission can include a Phase 1 SCI for scheduling PSSCHs (e.g., TBs). The PSSCH of the sidelink transmission can include a Phase 2 SCI. The PSSCH of the sidelink transmission can also include TBs. In the example, a sidelink symbol in a time slot may or may not start with the first symbol of the time slot. Side link symbols in a time slot may or may not end at the last symbol of the time slot. \nFigure 19 In the example, the side link symbols in the time slot begin from the second symbol of the time slot. Figure 19 In the example, the sidelink symbol in the time slot ends at the twelfth symbol of the time slot. The first sidelink transmission may include a first Automatic Gain Control (AGC) symbol (e.g., the second symbol in the time slot), a PSCCH (e.g., in the third, fourth, and fifth symbols of the sub-channels in the time slot), a PSSCH (e.g., from the third symbol to the eighth symbol in the time slot), and / or a first guard symbol (e.g., the ninth symbol in the time slot). The second sidelink transmission may include a second AGC symbol (e.g., the tenth symbol in the time slot), a PSFCH (e.g., the eleventh symbol in the time slot), and / or a second guard symbol for the second sidelink transmission (e.g., the twelfth symbol in the time slot). In the example, one or more HARQ feedbacks (e.g., positive acknowledgment or ACK and / or negative acknowledgment or NACK) may be sent via the PSFCH. In the example, the PSCCH, PSSCH, and PSFCH may have different numbers of sub-channels in the frequency domain (e.g., different numbers of frequency resources).

[0267] The first-stage SCI can be SCI format 1-A. SCI format 1-A can include multiple fields for scheduling the first TB on the PSSCH and scheduling the second-stage SCI on the PSSCH. The following information can be sent using SCI format 1-A. - Side link transmission PriorityFor example, the priority can be the physical layer (e.g., layer 1) priority of the sidelink transmission. Alternatively, the priority can be determined based on the logical channel priority of the sidelink transmission. - PSSCH Frequency resource assignment ; - PSSCH Time resource assignment ; - For the second TB Resource reservation period / interval ; - Demodulation reference signal (DMRS) mode ; - Format of the Phase 2 SCI ; - Beta_offset indicator ; - DMRS port number ; - PSSCH Modulation and coding scheme ; - Additional MCS table indicator ; - PSFCH overhead indication ; - Reserved bits .

[0268] The second-stage SCI can be SCI format 2-A. SCI format 2-A can be used for decoding PSSCH with HARQ operations when the HARQ-ACK information includes ACK or NACK, or when there is no HARQ-ACK feedback. SCI format 2-A can include multiple fields indicating the following information. - HARQ process number ; - New data indicator ; - Redundancy version ; - The source ID of the transmitter (e.g., the transmitting wireless device) for side-link transmission; - The destination ID of the receiver (e.g., the receiving wireless device) for side-link transmission; - HARQ Feedback enable / disable indicator ; - Indicates the side link Transmission For broadcast, multicast, and / or unicast, a broadcast type indicator; - CSI request .

[0269] The second-stage SCI can be SCI format 2-B. SCI format 2-B can be used for decoding PSSCH with HARQ operations when the HARQ-ACK information only includes NACK, or when there is no HARQ-ACK feedback. SCI format 2-B can include multiple fields indicating the following information. - HARQ process number; -New data indicator; - Redundancy version; - The source ID of the transmitter (e.g., the transmitting wireless device) for side-link transmission; - The destination ID of the receiver (e.g., the receiving wireless device) for side-link transmission; - HARQ Feedback enable / disable indicator ; - Indicates the geographical location of the transmitter (e.g., the transmitting wireless device) in the sidelink transmission. Area Domain ID ; - Indicates the communication range of the side link transmission Communication range requirement .

[0270] Figure 20 Examples of resource indication for a first TB (e.g., a first data packet) and resource reservation for a second TB (e.g., a second data packet) are shown. The SCI of the initial transmission (e.g., the first transmission) and / or the retransmission of the first TB may include one or more first parameters (e.g., ...) indicating one or more first time and frequency (T / F) resources for the transmission and / or retransmission of the first TB. Frequency resource assignment and time resource assignment SCI may also include one or more second parameters (e.g., indicating the reservation period / interval of one or more second T / F resources for the initial transmission and / or retransmission of the second TB). Resource reservation period ).

[0271] In the example, in response to triggering the resource selection process, the wireless device can select one or more first T / F resources for the initial transmission and / or retransmission of the first TB. For example... Figure 20 As shown, the wireless device can select from three resources to transmit the first TB. The wireless device can transmit the initial transmission of the first TB via the first of the three resources. Figure 20 The initial Tx of the first TB in the data). The wireless device can send the first retransmission of the first TB via the second of the three resources (the first retransmission of the first TB). Figure 20 The first re-Tx in the three resources). The wireless device can transmit the first TB of second retransmission via the third resource of the three resources ( Figure 20 The second re-Tx in the first TB). The duration between the start time of the initial transmission of the first TB and the second retransmission of the first TB can be less than or equal to 32 side link time slots (e.g., Figure 20 In (Time Slot). The first SCI can be associated with the initial transmission of the first TB. The first SCI can indicate the first T / F resource indication for the initial transmission of the first TB, the first retransmission of the first TB, and the second retransmission of the first TB. The first SCI can also indicate the reserved time period / interval for resource reservation for the second TB. The second SCI can be associated with the first retransmission of the first TB. The second SCI can indicate the second T / F resource indication for the first retransmission of the first TB and the second retransmission of the first TB. The second SCI can also indicate the reserved time period / interval for resource reservation for the second TB. The third SCI can be associated with the second retransmission of the first TB. The third SCI can indicate the third T / F resource indication for the second retransmission of the first TB. The third SCI can also indicate the reserved time period / interval for resource reservation for the second TB.

[0272] Figure 21 and Figure 22 An example of configuration information for lateral link communication is shown. In the example, the base station may send one or more Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages to the radio device to deliver configuration information for lateral link communication. The configuration information may include fields. sl-UE-SelectedConfigRP Parameters in the field sl-ThresPSSCH- RSRP-List A list of 64 thresholds can be specified. In the example, the wireless device can receive a first-side cross-link control information (SCI) indicating a first priority. The wireless device can have a second SCI to transmit. The second SCI can indicate a second priority. The wireless device can select a threshold from the list based on the first priority in the first SCI and the second priority in the second SCI. (See reference...) Figure 26 The second exclusion mechanism allows wireless devices to exclude resources from the candidate resource set based on a threshold. (Parameters in the field...) sl-MaxNumPerReserve This can indicate the maximum number of reserved PSCCH / PSSCH resources specified in the SCI. The parameters in this field... sl-MultiReserveResource The decision to reserve sidelink resources for initial transmission of a TB via an SCI associated with a different TB can be based on sensing and resource selection processes. Parameters sl- ResourceReservePeriodList It can indicate the possible resource reservation periods / intervals allowed in the resource pool (e.g., SL-ResourceReservedPeriod A collection of ( ). Each resource pool can be configured with up to 16 values. Parameters sl-RS- ForSensing This can indicate whether the DMRS of the PSCCH or PSSCH is used for Layer 1 (e.g., physical layer) RSRP measurements during sensing operations. Parameter sl-SensingWindow This can indicate the start of the sensing window. Parameters sl-SelectionWindowListThis can indicate the end of the selection window during the resource selection process for a TB, based on the priority indicated in the SCI. Value It can correspond to ,value Corresponding to etc., where the subcarrier spacing (SCS) is 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz and 120kHz. .parameter SL-SelectionWindowConfig It can indicate the side link priority (e.g., sl-Priority Priority ) and the end of the selection window (e.g., sl-SelectionWindow Mapping between ).

[0273] Configuration information may include parameters indicating whether sidelink preemption is disabled or enabled in the resource pool. sl- PreemptionEnable For example, if sidelink preemption is enabled, priority levels can be configured. p_ Preemption For example, if sidelink preemption is enabled but not configured... p_preemation Then, side link preemption can be applied to all priority levels.

[0274] Configuration information may include parameters indicating a portion of the candidate single-slot PSSCH resources on the total resources. sl- TxPercentageList For example, the value p20 could correspond to 20%, etc. Parameter SL-TxPercentageConfig It can indicate the side link priority (e.g., sl-Priority ) and a portion of the candidate single-slot PSSCH resources on the total resources (e.g., sl-TxPercentage Mapping between ).

[0275] Figure 23An example format of a MAC subheader for Side Link Shared Channel (SL-SCH) is shown. The SL-SCH MAC subheader may include seven header fields: V / R / R / R / R / SCR / DST. The MAC subheader is octet aligned. For example, the V field may be a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) format version number field indicating which version of the SL-SCH subheader is used. For example, the SRC field may carry 16 bits of a source layer 2 identifier (ID) field set to a first identifier provided by an upper layer. For example, the DST field may carry 8 bits of a destination layer 2 ID field set to a second identifier provided by an upper layer. In one example, if the V field is set to "1", the second identifier may be a unicast identifier. In one example, if the V field is set to "2", the second identifier may be a multicast identifier. In one example, if the V field is set to "3", the second identifier may be a broadcast identifier. For example, the R field may indicate reserved bits.

[0276] Figure 24 An example of a resource selection process is shown. A wireless device can perform a resource selection process to select resources for one or more sidelink transmissions. For example... Figure 24 As shown, the sensing window for the resource selection process can be in time. (For example, parameters) sl-SensingWindow The sensing window can start at ( ). End. New data transmitted via one or more sidelinks can occur in time. Arrival at the wireless device. Time period. This could be the processing delay at which the wireless device determines the trigger for the resource selection process. The wireless device can determine the time... The resource selection process is triggered at a specific time. Resources for new data arriving at the location. Wireless devices can [receive data] in time. Complete the resource selection process. Wireless devices can determine parameters based on their capabilities. The capabilities of a wireless device can be measured by the processing latency of its processor. The selection window for the resource selection process can be set in time. Start. Select the window in time. End, indicating the end of the selection window. Wireless devices can be based on parameters. (For example, sl- SelectionWindow To determine the parameters In the example, the wireless device can determine the parameters. Subject to Here, PDB (Packet Delay Budget) can be the maximum allowable delay (e.g., delay budget) for successfully transmitting new data via one or more sidelinks. The wireless device can determine the parameters. The corresponding value of the priority for transmission to one or more side traverse links (e.g., based on the indicated side traverse priority). sl-Priority With selection window sl-SelectionWindow Parameters of the mapping between the ends SL-SelectionWindowConfig In the example, if the parameter Then the wireless device can set parameters. .

[0277] Figure 25 An exemplary timing diagram of a resource selection process is shown. A wireless device can perform a resource selection process to select resources for transmission on one or more sidelinks. (Reference) Figure 24 The initially selected sensing window can be in time Begin. The initially selected sensing window can be set in time. End. New data transmitted via one or more sidelinks can occur in time. The wireless device arrives at the location. (Time period) This could be the processing delay that the wireless device determines to trigger the initial selection of resources. The wireless device can determine the time... The initial selection is triggered at the location to choose the time. Resources for new data arriving at the location. Wireless devices can [receive data] in time. Complete the resource selection process. Time It can be used to complete in The maximum allowable processing delay for the resource selection process triggered by time, where The initial selection window can be set up in time. Begin. The initial selection window can be set up at any time ( End. Parameters It can be configured, pre-configured, or determined at the wireless device.

[0278] Wireless devices can be based on time The completion of the resource selection process at the location determines the first resource for one or more side link transmissions (e.g., Figure 25 (The selected resource in the initial selection window). The wireless device can select a first resource from candidate resources in the initial selection window based on measurements in the sensing window used for initial selection. The wireless device can determine a resource conflict between the first resource and other resources reserved by another wireless device. The wireless device can determine to discard the first resource to avoid interference. The wireless device can time... and / or in time Previously triggered a resource reselection process (e.g., a second resource selection process). Time period. This could be the processing delay of the wireless device completing a resource reselection process (e.g., a second resource selection process). The wireless device can determine the second resource (e.g., ...) via the resource reselection process (e.g., the second resource selection process). Figure 25 (Reselection of resources in the context of resource reselection). The start time of the first resource can be time. (For example, the first resource can be in a time slot) middle).

[0279] In the example, the time parameter , , , and At least one of these can be configured by the base station for the wireless device. In the example, the time parameter... , , , and At least one of these can be pre-configured for the wireless device. Time parameter , , , and At least one of these can be stored in the memory of the wireless device. In the example, the memory could be a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card. Figure 24 and Figure 25 In the example, time , , , , , , , and It can be based on time slots and / or time slot indexes.

[0280] Figure 26 An example flowchart is shown for the resource selection process of a wireless device that transmits TB (e.g., data packets) via a side link.

[0281] Figure 27 This diagram illustrates an example of the resource selection process between layers of a wireless device.

[0282] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 27 The wireless device can transmit one or more side-link transmissions for the transmission of TB (e.g., the first transmission of TB and one or more retransmissions of TB). See reference. Figure 19One or more sidelink transmissions may include a PSCCH. A sidelink transmission may include a PSSCH. A sidelink transmission may include a PSFCH. The radio device may trigger a resource selection procedure for transmitting a TB. The resource selection procedure may include two actions. The first action may be a resource evaluation action. The physical layer (e.g., layer 1) of the radio device may perform the first action. The physical layer may determine a subset of resources based on the first action and report the subset of resources to a higher layer of the radio device (e.g., the RRC layer and / or the MAC layer). The second action may be a resource selection action. The higher layer of the radio device (e.g., the RRC layer and / or the MAC layer) may perform the second action based on the reported subset of resources from the physical layer.

[0283] In the example, a higher layer of the wireless device (e.g., the RRC layer and / or the MAC layer) can trigger a resource selection process to request the wireless device to determine a subset of resources. The higher layer can select resources from a subset of resources used for PSSCH and / or PSCCH transmissions. To trigger the resource selection process, for example, in a time slot... In the middle, higher layers can provide the following parameters for PSSCH and / or PSCCH transmission: - Resource pool, from which wireless devices can determine a subset of resources; - Layer 1 priority of PSSCH / PSCCH transmission (For example, see reference) Figure 21 and Figure 22 of sl-Priority ); - Remaining packet delay budget (PDB) for PSSCH and / or PSCCH transmissions; - The number of sub-channels used for PSSCH and / or PSCCH transmission in a time slot ; - Resource reservation time period / interval The unit is milliseconds (milliseconds) ).

[0284] In the example, if a higher layer requests a wireless device to determine a subset of resources from which the higher layer will select resources for PSSCH and / or PSCCH transmissions for re-evaluation and / or preemption, the higher layer can provide a set of resources that can withstand re-evaluation. and a collection of resources that can withstand preemption .

[0285] In the example, a base station (e.g., a network) may send a message including one or more parameters to a wireless device to perform a resource selection process. This message may be an RRC / SIB message, a MAC CE, and / or a DCI. In the example, a second wireless device may send a message including one or more parameters to a wireless device to perform a resource selection process. This message may be an RRC message, a MAC CE, and / or a SCI. The one or more parameters may indicate the following information. - sl-SelectionWindowList (For example, see reference) Figure 21 and Figure 22 of sl-SelectionWindow ): can target The given value (e.g., based on a reference) Figure 21 and Figure 22 of SL-SelectionWindowConfig ) internal parameters (For example, see reference) Figure 24 of ) set from parameter sl-SelectionWindowList The corresponding value. - sl-ThreshPSSCH-RSRP-List (For example, see reference) Figure 21 and Figure 22 of sl-ThreshPSSCH-RSRP- List ): The parameter can indicate each combination The RSRP threshold, where It is the value of the priority field in the received SCI format 1-A, and This refers to the priority of sidelink transmissions (e.g., PSSCH / PSCCH transmissions) of wireless devices; in an example of the resource selection process, The call can be . - sl-RS-ForSensing (For example, refer to) Figure 21 and Figure 22 of sl-RS-ForSensing ): This parameter can indicate whether the wireless device uses DMRS of PSCCH or PSSCH for Layer 1 (e.g., physical layer) RSRP measurements during sensing operations. - sl-ResourceReservePeriodList (For example, refer to) Figure 21 and Figure 22 of sl- ResourceReservePeriodList ) - sl-SensingWindow (For example, refer to) Figure 21 and Figure 22 of sl-SensingWindow ): Internal parameters It can be defined as being with t0_SensingWindow The corresponding number of time slots. - sl-TxPercentageList (For example, refer to) Figure 21 and Figure 22 of SL-TxPercentageConfig ): For a given (For example, refer to) Figure 21 and Figure 22 of sl-Priority ) internal parameters (For example, refer to) Figure 21 and Figure 22 of sl-TxPercentage () can be defined as converting a percentage to a ratio. sl-xPercentage ( ). - sl-PreemptionEnable (For example, refer to) Figure 21 and Figure 22 of p_preemption ): Internal parameters It can be set to parameters provided by a higher layer. sl-PreemptionEnable .

[0286] Resource reservation time period / interval (If provided) can be obtained from The unit is converted into a logical time slot unit, resulting in .

[0287] Notice: It can represent the set of time slots of the sidelink resource pool.

[0288] In resource assessment actions (e.g., Figure 26 In the first action of the process, the wireless device can determine the sensing window (e.g., based on the triggering of the resource selection process) Figure 24 and Figure 25 The basis shown sl-SensingWindow The sensing window). Wireless devices can determine the selection window based on triggering a resource selection process (e.g., the sensing window). Figure 24 and Figure 25 The basis shown sl- SelectionWindowList (Selection window). The wireless device can determine one or more reservation periods / intervals for resource reservation (e.g., parameters). sl-ResourceReservePeriodList In the example, it is used for transmission. Candidate single-slot resources can be defined as A set of consecutive sub-channels, where the sub-channels In the time slot Among them Wireless devices can assume time intervals. In the resource pool A set of consecutive sub-channels corresponds to a candidate single-slot resource (e.g., refer to...). Figure 24 and Figure 25 The total number of candidate single-slot resources can be expressed as: In the example, refer to Figure 24 and Figure 25 The sensing window can be defined by [ The duration is defined by multiple time slots. The wireless device can monitor a first time slot subset of the sidelink resource pool within the sensing window. Due to half-duplex operation, the wireless device may not monitor a second time slot subset outside the first. The wireless device can perform the following actions based on the decoded PSCCH and measured RSRP within the first time slot subset. In one example, the internal parameters... It can be set by sl-ThreshPSSCH-RSRP-List The first in The field indicates the corresponding value of the RSRP threshold, where .

[0289] refer to Figure 26 and Figure 27 In resource assessment actions (e.g., Figure 26 In the first action of the process, the wireless device can select a set of candidate resources (e.g., a set of...). Initialize as a set of candidate resources. In the example, the set of candidate resources can be the union of candidate resources within the selection window. In one example, a candidate resource can be a candidate single-subframe resource. In another example, a candidate resource can be a candidate single-slot resource. In the example, the set... It can be initialized as a set of all candidate single-slot resources.

[0290] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 27 In resource assessment actions (e.g., Figure 26 In the first action, the wireless device may perform a first exclusion to exclude a second resource from the candidate resource set based on a first resource and one or more reserved time periods / intervals. In the example, the wireless device may not monitor the first resource within the sensing window. In the example, one or more reserved time periods / intervals may be configured with a resource pool of the second resource / associated with a resource pool of the second resource. In the example, the wireless device may determine the second resource within a selection window that can be reserved by a transmission sent via the first resource based on one or more reserved time periods / intervals. In the example, the wireless device may exclude a second resource from the set based on the following conditions: Excluding candidate single-slot resources : - The wireless device did not detect the time slot within the sensing window. . - For parameters sl-ResourceReservePeriodList Any allowed period value and in time slot The received SCI format 1-A is assumed, where the "Resource Reservation Period" field is set to the period value and indicates all sub-channels of the resource pool in that time slot will satisfy the second exclusion. .

[0291] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 27 In resource assessment actions (e.g., Figure 26 In the first action (of the process), the wireless device can perform a second exclusion to exclude a third resource from the candidate resource set. In the example, the SCI can indicate resource reservation for the third resource. The SCI can also indicate a priority value (e.g., determined by higher-layer parameters). sl-Priority (Instructions). Wireless devices may have a reference signal received power (RSRP) higher than the RSRP threshold based on a third resource (e.g., by higher-layer parameters). sl- ThreshPSSCH-RSRP-List The RSRP threshold can be related to the priority value of a mapping list configured and / or pre-configured to the priority values ​​of the radio device, which excludes a third resource from the candidate resource set. In the example, the base station can send a message to the radio device to configure the mapping list. The message can be a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message. In the example, the mapping list can be pre-configured to the radio device. The radio device's memory can store the mapping list. In the example, the priority indicated by the priority value can be a Layer 1 priority (e.g., a physical layer priority). In the example, a larger priority value can indicate a higher priority for sidelink transmissions. A smaller priority value can indicate a lower priority for sidelink transmissions. In another example, a larger priority value can indicate a lower priority for sidelink transmissions. A smaller priority value can indicate a higher priority for sidelink transmissions. In the example, the radio device can exclude a third resource from the set based on the following conditions. Excluding candidate single-slot resources : a) Wireless device receive time slot The SCI format 1-A received, and the "Resource Reservation Period" and "Priority" fields in the SCI format 1-A received. and ; b) The RSRP measurement performed on the received SCI format 1-A is higher than ; c) In time slots If the received SCI format or if and only in the received SCI format 1-A contains the "Resource Reservation Period" field, then it is assumed that in the time slot... The same SCI format received in the middle determines the same as A set of overlapping resource blocks and time slots, where and .here, It is a unit converted into a logical time slot. ,if and but Among them, if the time slot Belongs to set ,but Otherwise time slot It belongs to a set time slot The first time slot afterwards; otherwise . Set to convert Unit selection window size .

[0292] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 27 In resource assessment actions (e.g., Figure 26 In the first action, after performing the first and second exclusions, the wireless device can determine, based on a condition, whether the remaining candidate resources in the candidate resource set are sufficient to select resources for one or more sidelink transmissions of TB. In one example, the condition could be that, before performing the first and second exclusions, the total amount of remaining candidate resources in the candidate resource set is greater than a certain percentage of the total number of candidate resources in the candidate resource set. (For example, by higher-level parameters) sl-TxPercentagList (Instructions). If this condition is not met, the wireless device can add features to exclude devices with values... The RSRP threshold of the third resource is determined, and initialization, the first exclusion, and the second exclusion are iteratively re-executed until the condition is met. In the example, if the set The number of remaining candidate single-slot resources is less than ,but This can increase the limit by 3dB, and the process continues to re-execute initialization, the first exclusion, and the second exclusion until the condition is met. In the example, the wireless device can report the set to a higher layer of the wireless device. (For example, the remaining candidate resources in the candidate resource set). In the example, the wireless device can be based on the set... The number of remaining candidate single-slot resources is greater than or equal to Report sets to higher layers of the wireless device (For example, the remaining candidate resources in the candidate resource set when the conditions are met).

[0293] Reference Figure 26 and Figure 27 In resource selection actions (e.g., Figure 26In the second action, the wireless device (e.g., a higher layer of the wireless device) can select from a set of candidate resources (e.g., a set reported by the physical layer). The wireless device selects a fourth resource from the remaining candidate resources of the candidate resource set for one or more side link transmissions of the TB. In the example, the wireless device may randomly select a fourth resource from the remaining candidate resources of the candidate resource set.

[0294] refer to Figure 26 and Figure 27 In the example, if it comes from a set resources no If the wireless device can identify the remaining candidate resources in the candidate resource set when the conditions are met, it can report the resources to a higher layer. A reassessment.

[0295] refer to Figure 26 and Figure 27 In the example, if it comes from a set resources A wireless device can report resources to a higher layer if the following conditions are met. The seizure. - no Members, and - The second exclusion condition is met. Set to reach The final threshold, and -Associated Priority One of the following conditions must be met: - sl-PreemptionEnable Provided and equal to 'enabled' and - sl-PreemptionEnable Being provided is not the same as being 'enabled', and and

[0296] In the example, if resources Instructed for re-evaluation by a wireless device (e.g., the physical layer of the wireless device), the higher layers of the wireless device can be selected from the set. Remove resources In one example, if the resource Instructions are made for use by wireless devices (e.g., the physical layer of the wireless device), and higher layers of the wireless device can be preempted from the set. Remove resources Higher layers of a wireless device can access candidate resources from a set of resources (e.g., a set reported by the physical layer). From the remaining candidate resources, a new time and frequency resource is randomly selected to replace the removed resource. and / or Higher layers of wireless devices can replace removed resources with new time and frequency resources. and / or For example, wireless devices can be collected from a set. and / or sets Remove resources and / or And based on resources and / or The removal of [resources] will add new time and frequency resources to the set. and / or sets .

[0297] Sidelink preemption can occur between a first wireless device and a second wireless device. The first wireless device can select a first resource for a first sidelink transmission. The first sidelink transmission can have a first priority. The second wireless device can select a second resource for a second sidelink transmission. The second sidelink transmission can have a second priority. The first resource can partially and / or completely overlap with the second resource. The first wireless device can determine a resource conflict between the first and second resources based on the partial and / or complete overlap of the first and second resources. A resource conflict can imply complete and / or partial overlap between the first and second resources in the time, frequency, code, power, and / or spatial domains. (See reference...) Figure 18 For example, the first resource may include one or more first sidelink resource elements in a sidelink resource pool. The second resource may include one or more second sidelink resource elements in a sidelink resource pool. A partial resource conflict between the first and second resources may indicate that at least one of the one or more first sidelink resource elements belongs to one or more second sidelink resource elements. A full resource conflict between the first and second resources may indicate that one or more first sidelink resource elements may be the same as or have a subset of one or more second sidelink resource elements. In the example, a larger priority value may indicate a lower priority for sidelink transmission. A smaller priority value may indicate a higher priority for sidelink transmission. In the example, the first wireless device may determine sidelink preemption based on resource conflicts, and the second priority is higher than the first priority. That is, the first wireless device may determine sidelink preemption based on resource conflicts and the value of the second priority being less than the value of the first priority. In another example, the first wireless device may determine sidelink preemption based on resource conflicts, where the value of the second priority is less than a priority threshold, and the value of the second priority is less than the value of the first priority.

[0298] Reference Figure 25 The first wireless device can trigger the selection of a first resource for transmission on the first side cross link (e.g., in...). Figure 25 The first resource selection process (after resource selection with conflict) involves the selection of a first resource. The second wireless device may transmit a Resource Reservation Indicator (SCI) indicating the first resource for second-side cross-link transmission. The first wireless device may determine resource conflicts on the first resource between the first-side cross-link transmission and the second-side cross-link transmission. The first wireless device may, based on the resource conflict, determine the resource conflict on the first resource in time. The resource reassessment is triggered at and / or prior to the resource selection process (e.g., the resource assessment action in the second resource selection process). The first wireless device may trigger the selection of a second resource based on the resource reassessment (e.g., ...). Figure 25 This refers to the reselection of resources after the previous reselection (e.g., the resource selection action in the second resource selection process). The start time of the second resource can be time. .

[0299] The UE can receive one or more messages (e.g., RRC messages and / or SIB messages) that include configuration parameters for the sidelink BWP. Configuration parameters may include a first parameter (e.g., sl-StartSymbol) indicating the start symbol of the sidelink. The first parameter may indicate the start symbol of the sidelink used in the time slot (e.g., symbol #0, symbol #1, symbol #2, symbol #3, symbol #4, symbol #5, symbol #6, symbol #7, etc.). For example, the time slot may not include SL-SSB (S-SSB). In the example, the UE may be configured with one or more values ​​for the start symbol of the sidelink for each sidelink BWP. Configuration parameters may include a second parameter (e.g., sl-LengthSymbols) indicating the number of sidelink symbols used in the time slot (e.g., 7 symbols, 8 symbols, 9 symbols, 10 symbols, 11 symbols, 12 symbols, 13 symbols, 14 symbols, etc.). For example, the time slot may not include SL-SSB (S-SSB). In the example, the UE can be (pre-)configured with one or more values ​​for the number of sidelink symbols (symbol length) for each sidelink BWP.

[0300] The configuration parameters of a sidelink BWP can indicate one or more sidelink (communication) resource pools for the sidelink BWP (e.g., via SL-BWP-PoolConfig and / or SL-BWP-PoolConfigCommon). A resource pool can be a sidelink receive resource pool on the configured sidelink BWP (e.g., indicated by sl-RxPool). For example, if configured, the receive resource pool can be used for PSFCH transmission / reception. A resource pool can also be a sidelink transmit resource pool on the configured sidelink BWP (e.g., indicated by sl-TxPool and / or sl-ResourcePool). For example, the transmit resource pool can include resources that allow the UE to perform NR sidelink communication on the configured BWP (e.g., in abnormal conditions and / or based on network scheduling). For example, if configured, the transmit resource pool can be used for PSFCH transmission / reception.

[0301] The configuration parameters of the resource pool can indicate (e.g., via sl-SubchannelSize) the size of the subchannels in the resource pool in units of PRBs. For example, the subchannel size can indicate the smallest granularity in the frequency domain used for sensing and / or for PSSCH resource selection. The configuration parameters of the resource pool can indicate the lowest / starting RB index of the subchannel with the lowest index in the resource pool relative to the lowest RB index of the sidelink BWP (e.g., via sl-StartRB-Subchannel). The configuration parameters of the resource pool can indicate the number of subchannels in the corresponding resource pool (e.g., via sl-NumSubchannel). For example, the subchannels and / or the resource pool can consist of consecutive PRBs.

[0302] The configuration parameters of a resource pool can indicate the configuration of one or more sidelink channels in / on the resource pool. For example, the configuration parameters can indicate that the resource pool is configured with PSSCH and / or PSCCH and / or PSFCH.

[0303] The configuration parameters of a PSCCH can indicate the time resources used for PSCCH transmission in a time slot. The configuration parameters of a PSCCH (e.g., SL-PSCCH-Config) can indicate the number of symbols for PSCCH (e.g., 2 or 3) in a resource pool (e.g., via sl-TimeResourcePSCCH). The configuration parameters of a PSCCH (e.g., SL-PSCCH-Config) can indicate the frequency resources used for PSCCH transmission in the corresponding resource pool (e.g., via sl-FreqResourcePSCCH). For example, the configuration parameters can indicate the number of PRBs used for PSCCH in a resource pool, which may not be greater than the number of PRBs (sub-channel size) of the sub-channels in the resource pool.

[0304] The configuration parameters of PSSCH can indicate one or more DMRS time-domain modes of PSSCH that can be used in the resource pool (e.g., PSSCH DMRS symbols in a time slot).

[0305] A resource pool may or may not be configured with a PSFCH. PSFCH configuration parameters can indicate the time period (e.g., via sl-PSFCH time period) for a unit / number of PSFCHs within the resource pool. For example, a time period value of 0 can indicate that no resources in the resource pool are configured for PSFCH and / or that HARQ feedback for (all) transmissions in the resource pool is disabled. For example, a time period can be 1 time slot, 2 time slots, or 4 time slots, etc. PSFCH configuration parameters can indicate the PRB set (actually) used for PSFCH transmission and reception (e.g., via sl-PSFCH-RB-Set). For example, a bitmap can indicate the PRB set, where the leftmost bit of the bitmap can point to the lowest RB index in the resource pool, etc. PSFCH configuration parameters can indicate the minimum time gap (e.g., via sl-MinTimeGapPSFCH) between the PSFCH and its associated PSSCH. The configuration parameters of PSFCH can indicate the number of PSFCH resources available for multiplexing HARQ-ACK information in PSFCH transport (e.g., via sl-PSFCH-CandidateResourceType).

[0306] The UE can be configured with one or more sidelink resource pools by a higher layer (e.g., via RRC configuration parameters). Sidelink resource pools can be used for PSSCH transmission and / or PSSCH reception. Sidelink resource pools can be associated with sidelink resource allocation mode 1 and / or sidelink resource allocation mode 2. In the frequency domain, sidelink resource pools include one or more (e.g., sl-NumSubchannel) Continuous subchannels. A subchannel consists of one or more (e.g., sl- SubchannelSize ) Consecutive PRBs. For example, higher-layer parameters (e.g., RRC configuration parameters) can indicate the number of sub-channels in the sidelink resource pool (e.g., sl-NumSubchannel) And / or the number of PRBs per sub-channel (e.g., sl-SubchannelSize ).

[0307] A time slot set can belong to the sidelink resource pool. The time slot set can be composed of... It means that among them The time slot index can be relative to time slot #0 of the radio frame corresponding to SFN 0 or DFN 0 of the serving cell. The set includes all but one of the following: [List of time slots]. All time slots other than the specified time slot. The set includes all time slots except those in the following cases. All time slots outside of the specified time slot: In the specified time slot, the first Y The, the （Y+1） The, ..., the first (Y+X-1) At least one of the OFDM symbols is not in accordance with the higher-layer parameters (e.g., if provided, for the serving cell). tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon-r16 , and / or if provided, then sl-TDD-Configuration-r16 Or, if provided, the received PSBCH. sl-TDD- Config-r16 This can be configured as a UL in a semi-static manner. For example, higher-level parameters (e.g., MAC or RRC) can be configured as UL. Y The value indicates the side link start symbol of the time slot (e.g., sl-StartSymbol For example, higher-level parameters (e.g., MAC or RRC) can... X The value indicates the number of side link symbols in the time slot (e.g., sl-LengthSymbols The set includes all time slots except for one or more reserved time slots. Time slots in the set can be sorted in ascending order of their time slot indices. The UE can then use a bitmap associated with the resource pool. To determine the set of time slots assigned to the sidelink resource pool, where The length of the bitmap is configured by the higher layers. If Then time slot It can belong to a time slot set, where, The time slots in the set can be reindexed, allowing the remaining time slots to... subscript i Continuous, {0, 1, …, ,in, It represents the number of remaining time slots in the set.

[0308] The UE can determine the set of resource blocks assigned to the sidelink resource pool, wherein the resource pool includes One PRB. For sub-channels m Including those with physical resource block numbers for of of A set of contiguous resource blocks, wherein, and Each is composed of high-level parameters sl-StartRB-Subchannel and sl- SubchannelSize Given. The UE may not expect to use the last one in the resource pool. One PRB.

[0309] The UE can be provided / configured with multiple symbols in the resource pool for PSCCH (e.g., via...). sl- TimeResourcePSCCH) The PSCCH symbol can begin with the second symbol available for sidelink transmission in a time slot. The UE can be provided / configured with multiple PRBs from the resource pool for PSCCH (e.g., via...). sl-FreqResourcePSCCH). The PSCCH PRB can start from the lowest PRB of the lowest subchannel of the associated PSCCH, for example, for a PSCCH transmission with SCI format 1-A. In the example, PSCCH resources / symbols can be configured in each slot of the resource pool. In the example, PSCCH resources / symbols can be configured in a subset of slots in the resource pool (e.g., based on a time period comprising two or more slots).

[0310] In the example, each PSSCH transmission is associated with a PSCCH transmission. The PSCCH transmission can carry the first phase of the SCI associated with the PSSCH transmission. The second phase of the associated SCI can be carried within the resources of the PSSCH. In the example, the UE determines the time slot based on... n and PSCCH resources m The PSCCH resource configuration in the UE transmits the first SCI (e.g., Phase 1 SCI, SCI format 1-A) on the PSCCH. For associated PSSCH transmissions in the same time slot, the UE can transmit a transport block (TB) with up to two layers (e.g., one or two layers). The number of layers (ʋ) can be determined based on the "DMRS port number" field in the SCI. The UE can determine the set of consecutive symbols within the time slot for PSSCH transmission. The UE can determine the set of consecutive resource blocks used for PSSCH transmission. Transform precoding may not be supported for PSSCH transmission. For example, wideband precoding for PSSCH transmission may be supported.

[0311] The UE can configure the content of the second SCI (e.g., Phase 2 SCI, SCI Format 2-A). The UE can configure content including " HARQ process number "field", NDI "field", Source ID "field", Destination ID "field", HARQ feedback enabled / disabled indication "field", Broadcast type indication "fields and / or" CSI Request The values ​​of the SCI field are indicated by higher-level layers (e.g., MAC and / or RRC). The UE can set the content of the second SCI (e.g., Phase 2 SCI, SCI format 2-B). The UE can set values ​​including " HARQ process number "field", NDI "field", Source ID"field", Destination ID "field", HARQ anti Feedback Enable / Disable Indicator "field", Region ID "fields and / or " Communication range requirements The values ​​of the SCI field of the field, which are specified by higher levels (e.g., MAC and / or RRC).

[0312] In the example, a transmission scheme can be defined for PSSCH, and it can be used for all PSSCH transmissions. Up to two antenna ports (e.g., antenna ports 1000-1001) can be used to perform PSSCH transmissions.

[0313] In sidelink resource allocation mode 1, dynamic permission for configurable license type 1 and / or configurable license type 2 can be supported for PSSCH and / or PSCCH transmissions. Configured license type 2 sidelink transmissions are scheduled by SL license semi-persistent scheduling in an effectively activated DCI.

[0314] The UE can transmit PSSCH in the same time slot as the associated PSCCH. The (minimum) resource allocation unit in the time domain can be a time slot. The UE can transmit PSSCH in consecutive symbols within a time slot. The UE may choose not to transmit PSSCH in symbols not configured for side traversal. The starting side traversal symbol can be determined according to an indication (e.g., startSLsymbols ) and the number of consecutive side link symbols (e.g., lengthSLsymbols The higher-level parameters are used to configure symbols for the sidelink. For example, startSLsymbol It is configured for use on the side link. lengthSLsymbols The symbol index of the first symbol in a series of consecutive symbols. Within a time slot, PSSCH resource allocation can be performed on symbols. startSLsymbols+1 (For example, the second side traversal symbol of the time slot). If the PSFCH is configured in this time slot, the UE may not transmit the PSSCH in the symbols configured for use by the PSFCH. The UE may not transmit the PSSCH in the last symbol configured for use by the side traversal (e.g., the last side traversal symbol of the time slot). If the PSFCH is configured in this time slot, the UE may not transmit the PSSCH in the symbols configured to immediately precede the symbols used by the PSFCH. Figure 19 An example of side link symbols and PSSCH resource allocation within a time slot is shown.

[0315] Sidelink grants can be dynamically received on the PDCCH, and / or configured semi-persistently via RRC, and / or autonomously selected by the UE's MAC entity. The MAC entity can have sidelink grants on an active SL BWP to determine the set of PSCCH durations where SCI transmissions occur and the set of PSSCH durations where SL-SCH transmissions associated with the SCI occur. Sidelink grants addressed to SLCS-RNTI with NDI=1 are considered dynamic sidelink grants. The UE can be configured with sidelink resource allocation mode 1. For each PDCCH timing and for each grant received for that PDCCH timing (e.g., for the UE's SL-RNTI or SLCS-RNTI), the UE can use the sidelink grant to determine the initial transmission and / or one or more retransmissions of the PSCCH duration and / or PSSCH duration for the corresponding sidelink procedure (e.g., associated with the HARQ buffer and / or HARQ procedure ID).

[0316] The UE can be configured with a sidelink resource allocation mode 2 for transmission using a resource pool in a carrier based on sensing or random selection. The MAC entity for each sidelink procedure can choose to create a selected sidelink allowance corresponding to transmissions of multiple MAC PDUs, and SL data can be available in the logical channel. The UE can select the resource pool, for example, based on parameters enabling / disabling sidelink HARQ feedback. The UE can perform a TX resource (re)selection check on the selected resource pool. The UE can select time and frequency resources for a transmission opportunity from the resource pool and / or from resources indicated by the physical layer, based on the amount of selected frequency resources available in the allowed logical channel on the carrier and the remaining PDB of the SL data. The UE can use the selected resources to select a periodic set of resources separated by resource reservation intervals for transmission of PSCCH and PSSCH corresponding to transmission opportunities of multiple MAC PDUs. The UE can consider a first set of transmission opportunities as an initial transmission opportunity and another set of transmission opportunities as a retransmission opportunity. The UE can consider the initial transmission opportunity and retransmission opportunity sets as the selected sidelink allowances. The UE can consider this set as the selected sidelink permission. The UE can use the selected sidelink permission to determine the PSCCH duration set and the PSSCH duration set.

[0317] The UE can select the allowed MCS table in the resource pool associated with each PSSCH duration and / or for each sidelink grant occurring within that PSSCH duration. The UE can determine / set the resource reservation interval to the selected value (e.g., 0 or greater). In the example, if the configured sidelink grant has been activated and the PSSCH duration corresponds to the first PSSCH transmission opportunity within that period of the configured sidelink grant, the UE can set the HARQ procedure ID to the HARQ procedure ID associated with that PSSCH duration, and (if available) with all subsequent PSSCH durations for the configured sidelink grant occurring within that period. The UE can refresh the HARQ buffer for the sidelink procedure associated with the HARQ procedure ID. The UE can deliver the sidelink grant, the selected MCS, and the associated HARQ information to the sidelink HARQ entity for that PSSCH duration.

[0318] A MAC entity may include at most one sidelink HARQ entity for transmission on the SL-SCH, which maintains multiple parallel sidelink procedures. The (maximum) number of sending sidelink procedures associated with the sidelink HARQ entity can be a value (e.g., 16). Sidelink procedures can be configured for the transmission of multiple MAC PDUs. For the transmission of multiple MAC PDUs with sidelink resource allocation mode 2, the (maximum) number of sending sidelink procedures associated with the sidelink HARQ entity can be a second value (e.g., 4). The transmitted sidelink permission and its associated sidelink transmission information can be associated with the sidelink procedures. Each sidelink procedure can support one TB.

[0319] For each sidelink permission and associated sidelink procedure, the sidelink HARQ entity can obtain the MAC PDU to be transmitted from the multiplexing and assembly entity (if any). The UE can determine the sidelink transmission information for the TB of the source and destination pairs of the MAC PDU. The UE can set the source layer 1 ID to 8 LSBs of the source layer 2 ID of the MAC PDU and the destination layer 1 ID to 16 LSBs of the destination layer 2 ID of the MAC PDU. The UE can set the following information: broadcast type indicator, HARQ feedback enable / disabler, priority, NDI, RV. The UE can deliver the TB's MAC PDU, sidelink permission, and sidelink transmission information to the associated sidelink procedure. The UE's MAC entity can instruct the associated sidelink procedure to trigger a new transmission or retransmission.

[0320] In sidelink resource allocation mode 1, for sidelink dynamic permission, PSSCH transmissions can be scheduled by DCI (e.g., DCI format 3_0). In sidelink resource allocation mode 1, for sidelink configured permission type 2, the configured permission can be activated by DCI (e.g., DCI format 3_0). In sidelink resource allocation mode 1, for both sidelink dynamic permission and sidelink configured permission type 2, the "Time Interval" field value in DCI... m Indexes can be used m +1 provides input to the slot offset table (e.g., the table can be generated by higher-level parameters). sl-DCI-ToSL-Trans In the configuration. Index m The value at +1 can be referred to as the time slot offset. The time slot for the first-side crosslink transmission scheduled by DCI can be no earlier than the start of the corresponding resource pool. The first SL time slot, in which It is the start time of the downlink time slot carrying the corresponding DCI. It is the timing advance value corresponding to the TAG of the serving cell receiving the DCI, and It is the time slot offset between the DCI time slot and the first-side cross-link transmission scheduled by the DCI, and This is the SL slot duration. The DCI's "Configuration Index" field (if provided and not reserved) can indicate the index for sidelink configuration type 2. In sidelink resource allocation mode 1, for sidelink configuration authorization type 1, the slots for the first sidelink transmission can follow the higher-layer configuration.

[0321] The resource allocation unit in the frequency domain can be a subchannel. The subchannel assignment for sidelink transmission can be determined using the “Frequency Resource Assignment” field in the associated SCI. The lowest subchannel for sidelink transmission can be the subchannel on which the lowest PRB transmits the associated PSCCH. For example, if a PSSCH scheduled by a PSCCH would overlap with resources containing the PSCCH, the resources corresponding to the union of the PSCCH scheduling the PSSCH and the associated PSCCH DM-RS may not be available for the PSSCH.

[0322] The redundant version used for transmitting TB can be given by the "Redundant Version" field in the Phase 2 SCI (e.g., SCI format 2-A or 2-B). Modulation and Coding Scheme I MCS It can be achieved through the "" in the first stage of SCI. Modulation and coding schemes The field is given (e.g., SCI format 1-A). The UE can determine the MCS table based on the following: If there is no additional MCS table, it is determined by higher-level parameters. sl-MCS-tableIf configured, predefined tables can be used; otherwise, based on the "" in the Phase 1 SCI (e.g., SCI Format 1-A) MCS table indicator The field is used to determine the MCS table. The UE can use the field determined according to the previous steps. I MCS And the MCS table determines the modulation order used in the physical side crosslink shared channel ( Q m ) and target coding rate ( R ).

[0323] UE can be based on the number of REs within a time slot ( N RE The TB size (TBS) is determined using [the UE]. Determine the number of REs within the PRB used for PSSCH ( ),in, It is the number of subcarriers in a physical resource block; = sl-LengthSymbols - 2, where, sl- LengthSymbols It is the number of side link symbols within the time slot provided by the higher layer; if SCI format 1-A's " PSFCH Open Pin Instructions If the field indicates "1", then... = 3, otherwise if higher-level parameters sl-PSFCH-Period If it is 2 or 4, then = 0. If higher-level parameters sl-PSFCH-Period If it is 0, then If higher-level parameters sl-PSFCH- Period If it is 1, then . It is determined by higher-level parameters sl-X-Overhead The given cost. It is determined by higher-level parameters sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePattern Provided. UE can... Determine the total number of REs allocated for PSSCH ( N RE ),in, n PRB This is the total number of PRBs used for the allocation of PSSCH; This is the total number of REs occupied by PSCCH and PSCCH DM-RS; This is the number of coded modulation symbols generated for Phase 2 SCI transmission (before Layer 2 replication, if present). The UE can base this on the total number of REs allocated for PSSCH ( N RE ) and / or the modulation order used in the physical side crosslink shared channel (Q m ) and target coding rate ( R To determine TBS.

[0324] For a single codeword of PSSCH Bit block ,in The codewords are transmitted over the physical channel. The number of bits in the codeword can be scrambled before modulation (e.g., CRC based on the PSCCH associated with the PSSCH uses a scrambling sequence). For a single codeword It can modulate scrambled bit blocks, thereby generating complex-valued modulated symbol blocks. ,in Layer mapping can be done using the number of layers. Completed, obtained , Vector block It can be precoded, where the precoding matrix Equal to the identity matrix and For each antenna port used for PSSCH transmission, a complex value symbol block. Can be used with amplitude scaling factor Multiply them to match the transmit power and map them to resource elements in the virtual resource blocks allocated for transmission. ,in This refers to the first subcarrier in the lowest-numbered virtual resource block assigned for transmission. The mapping operation can be completed in two steps: First, the complex-valued symbols corresponding to the bits used for the second-stage SCI are arranged in the following order: first according to the index on the assigned virtual resource block. Then, following the index starting from the first PSSCH symbol carrying the associated DM-RS. The ascending order, wherein the corresponding resource element in the corresponding physical resource block is not used for transmitting the associated DM-RS, PT-RS, or PSCCH; second, complex-valued modulation symbols that do not correspond to the second-stage SCI will be arranged in the following order: first, according to the index on the assigned virtual resource block. Then, according to the index with the starting position. The ascending order, wherein resource elements are not used for the second stage SCI in the first step; and / or the corresponding resource elements in the corresponding physical resource block are not used for the transmission of the associated DM-RS, PT-RS, CSI-RS or PSCCH.

[0325] Resource elements of the PSSCH used in the first OFDM symbol in the above mapping operation (including DM-RS, PT-RS and / or CSI-RS occurring in the first OFDM symbol) can be copied in the OFDM symbol immediately preceding the first OFDM symbol in the mapping (e.g. for AGC training purposes).

[0326] Virtual resource blocks can be mapped to physical resource blocks based on non-interleaved mappings. For non-interleaved VRB to PRB mappings, virtual resource blocks... Mapped to physical resource blocks .

[0327] For PSCCH, bit block It can be scrambled before modulation, where It is the number of bits transmitted over the physical channel, thus obtaining the result based on... Scrambled bit blocks Scrambled bit blocks QPSK can be used for modulation to obtain complex-valued modulation symbol blocks. ,in These complex-valued modulation symbol sets It can be multiplied by the amplitude scaling factor To match the transmission power, and in sequence from Start by indexing the assigned physical resource. Then at antenna port p (e.g., ) on index The ascending order is mapped to resource elements assigned for transmission and not for demodulation reference signals associated with the PSCCH. middle.

[0328] Resource elements of the PSCCH in the first OFDM symbol used in the above mapping operation (including DM-RS, PT-RS and / or CSI-RS occurring in the first OFDM symbol) can be copied in the immediately preceding OFDM symbol (e.g. for AGC training purposes).

[0329] For sidelink resource allocation mode 1, when a first SCI (e.g., SCI format 1-A) is detected on the PSCCH, the UE can decode the PSSCH based on the detected second SCI (e.g., SCI formats 2-A and / or 2-B) and the associated PSSCH resource configuration configured by the higher layer. The UE may not need to decode more than one PSCCH at each PSCCH resource candidate. For sidelink resource allocation mode 2, when a first SCI (e.g., SCI format 1-A) is detected on the PSCCH, the UE can decode the PSSCH based on the detected second SCI (e.g., SCI formats 2-A and / or 2-B) and the associated PSSCH resource configuration configured by the higher layer. The UE may not need to decode more than one PSCCH at each PSCCH resource candidate. If the first SCI indicates an MCS table that the UE does not support, the UE may need to neither decode the corresponding second SCI (e.g., SCI formats 2-A and / or 2-B) nor the PSSCH associated with the first SCI (e.g., SCI format 1-A).

[0330] Throughout this disclosure, the set of symbols (sub-symbols) of a time slot associated with a resource pool of a sidelink BWP (Border Pointer) configured for (pre-)configured for sidelink communication (e.g., transmission and / or reception) can be referred to as a "sidelink symbol" of the time slot. A sidelink symbol can be a continuous / consecutive symbol of the time slot. A sidelink symbol can begin with a sidelink start symbol (e.g., indicated by an RRC parameter), for example, a sidelink start symbol could be symbol #0 or symbol #1, etc. A sidelink symbol can include one or more symbols of a time slot, where parameters (e.g., indicated by an RRC parameter) can indicate the number of sidelink symbols for the time slot. A sidelink symbol can include one or more protection symbols, for example, to provide a time slot for the UE to switch from transmit mode to receive mode. For example, an OFDM symbol immediately following the last symbol used for PSSCH, PSFCH, and / or S-SSB can be used as a protection symbol. Figure 19 As shown, a sidelink symbol may include one or more PSCCH resources / timings and / or one or more PSCCH resources and / or zero or more PSFCH resources / timings. A sidelink symbol may include one or more AGC symbols.

[0331] AGC symbols may include (content-wise) repetitions of resource elements of the immediately following / following symbols (e.g., TB and / or SCI may be mapped to the immediately following symbol). In the example, an AGC symbol may be a pseudo-OFDM symbol. In the example, an AGC symbol may include a reference signal. For example, the first OFDM symbol of the PSSCH and its associated PSCCH may be copied (e.g., in the AGC symbol immediately preceding the first OFDM symbol of the PSSCH). For example, the first OFDM symbol of the PSFCH may be copied (e.g., for AGC training purposes).

[0332] In the sidelink time-slot configuration, the first symbol is used for Automatic Gain Control (AGC), while the last symbol is used for the gap. During the AGC symbol, the receiving and / or sensing UE can perform AGC training. For AGC training, the UE detects the energy / power of the signal in the channel during the AGC symbol and applies hardware gain to maximize the dynamic range of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) at the receiver. The receiver can determine the gain of the received signal, and the AGC duration allows the receiver time to determine the gain and apply the gain (e.g., hardware gain component) so that when the receiver receives data (e.g., in the next symbol), the amplifier gain has been adjusted.

[0333] In exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, for sidelink communication, the transmitter UE may not map data / control information to AGC symbols. AGC symbols may not be used for communication and for transmitting information other than energy. An AGC symbol may be the last symbol preceding the earliest transmitted symbol, minimizing the gap between the AGC symbol and signal / channel transmission, and determining the accurate gain for receiving the subsequent signal / channel. For example, as... Figure 19 As shown, an AGC symbol can be a symbol that immediately precedes the first / earliest symbol of a resource used for transmission via a channel (e.g., PSCCH and / or PSSCH and / or PSFCH).

[0334] In the example, an AGC symbol may include a repetition of the resource element of the next (immediately following) OFDM symbol. In the example, an AGC symbol may include any signal, such as predefined signals / sequences and / or pseudo-information. The purpose of an AGC symbol is to allow the receiver UE to perform AGC training and adjust the hardware gain to achieve the most efficient reception of the following signals.

[0335] Throughout this disclosure, "AGC symbol" may be referred to as "repeating symbol" and / or "repeating" and / or "symbol for reproduction" and / or "symbol immediately preceding the first symbol in a repetition of the first symbol".

[0336] Figure 28An example of sidelink CSI-RS transmission and sidelink CSI reporting according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown. A first radio device (transmitter UE) may send messages (e.g., sidelink RRC messages, e.g.) to a second radio device (receiver UE). RRCReconfigurationSidelink The message may include SLCSI RS configuration parameters. The message and / or SLCSI RS configuration parameters may indicate (e.g., configure or reconfigure) one or more parameters on the side-link measurement and reporting, indicate (e.g., configure or reconfigure) the side-link CSI reference signal resources, and / or indicate (e.g., configure or reconfigure) the CSI reporting delay limits.

[0337] Reference Figure 28 The first radio device (transmitter UE) can initiate (trigger, execute, run, and / or apply) a sidelink RRC (re)configuration procedure with the second radio device (receiver UE). The first radio device can, for example, send a message to the second radio device (receiver UE) in response to or after initiating the sidelink RRC (re)configuration procedure. For example, the sidelink RRC (re)configuration procedure can be targeted at a specific radio device (e.g., Figure 28 The second wireless device in the process), a specific PC5-RRC connection and / or a PC5 link (e.g., a connection established between the first wireless device and the second wireless device).

[0338] refer to Figure 28 SL CSI RS configuration parameters can include sl-LatencyBoundCSI-Report (For example, Figure 28 (Side link delay limit in the middle). sl-LatencyBoundCSI-Report This can indicate the delay limits for SL CSI reports. For SL CSI-RS transmission (and / or reception), the SL CSI RS configuration parameters included in the message may include: time resource allocation and / or time resource offset (e.g., sl-CSI-RS-FirstSymbol The time resource allocation and / or time resource offset indicate the first OFDM symbol in the PRB for SL CSI-RS (e.g., the first OFDM symbol in the PRB carried if / when a side link CSI report is triggered); and / or frequency resource allocation and / or frequency resource offset (e.g., sl-CSI- RS-FreqAllocationThe frequency resource allocation and / or frequency resource offset indicate the number of antenna ports and frequency domain allocation for SL CSI-RS (e.g., indicating the frequency radio resources carried if / when a CSI report is triggered). The time resource offset (indicating the time resource allocation) can begin from a reference symbol in the time slot indicating the SCI reported by the radio device. For example, the reference symbol could be the first symbol of the time slot, the first symbol of the PSCCH transmission in the time slot, and / or the first symbol of the PSSCH transmission in the time slot. The frequency resource offset of the frequency resource allocation can begin from a reference PRB (or RB or subchannel) in the time slot indicating the SCI reported by the radio device. For example, the reference PRB (or RB) could be the lowest PRB (or RB) in the frequency domain (e.g., carrying the PSSCH transmission). For example, the reference subchannel could be the lowest subchannel in the frequency domain (e.g., carrying the PSSCH transmission). For example, the reference PRB (or RB) could be the lowest PRB (or RB) of the lowest subchannel in the frequency domain (e.g., carrying the PSSCH transmission).

[0339] refer to Figure 28 The first wireless device can transmit one or more SL reference signals in the SL transmission via SL time slots (e.g., Figure 28 SL CSI-RS (in the context of SL transmission). For example, SL transmission may also include at least one of the following: first-side crosslink transmission via a time slot and second-side crosslink transmission via a time slot. The first-side crosslink transmission may include a first SCI (e.g., as shown in the example). Figure 19 The first-stage SCI shown is the PSCCH transmission (e.g., PSCCH). The second-side cross-link transmission can be a PSSCH transmission (e.g., PSSCH), which includes the second SCI (e.g., as shown). Figure 19 The second-stage SCI and / or SL-SCH data shown (e.g., including MAC PDU, MAC SDU and / or MAC CE) (e.g., such as...) Figure 19 (As shown). SL transmissions may include an SCI that triggers an SL CSI report. For example, an SCI is at least one of a first SCI and / or a second SCI. For example, an SCI may include fields (e.g., "") that have values ​​(e.g., and / or an indicator) of the transmission that triggers (e.g., indicates triggering) an SL CSI-RS transmission and / or indicates the measurement result of the SL CSI-RS. CSI Request The SL transmission (e.g., a first-side traverse transmission or at least one of the first-side traverse transmissions) can be at least one of unicast, multicast, or broadcast transmissions.

[0340] refer to Figure 28For example, the first SCI (e.g., such as...) Figure 19 The first-stage SCI shown) and / or the second-stage SCI (e.g., such as Figure 19 At least one of the second-stage SCIs shown may include a destination identifier. The destination identifier may be associated with a unicast PC5 link (e.g., ProSe and / or V2X application layer / server sending a destination identifier to the first wireless device). The second wireless device may receive a sidelink transmission. The second wireless device may determine that the destination identifier in the sidelink transmission matches the destination identifier of the second wireless device. The second wireless device may determine that the value of a field in the SCI indicates triggering (e.g., triggering) a transmission of a sidelink CSI report from the second wireless device to the first wireless device, for example, if the destination identifier in the sidelink transmission matches the destination identifier of the second wireless device. For example, if the destination identifier in the sidelink transmission matches the destination identifier of the second wireless device, and / or if the value of a field in the SCI indicates triggering (e.g., triggering) a sidelink CSI report, then the second wireless device may determine to measure the SL CSI-RS and / or send (e.g., may send) a sidelink CSI report (including the measurement results of the SL CSI) to the first wireless device.

[0341] In the example, refer to Figure 28 For example, if (e.g., in response to and / or afterward) the second wireless device receives an SCI including fields with values ​​and / or determines to send (e.g., send) a side-link CSI report, the second wireless device may start a timer or window (e.g., sl-CSI-ReportTimer For example, if (e.g., in response to and / or thereafter) the first wireless device sends an SL CSI RS and / or indicates an SCI that triggers an SL CSI report, the first wireless device may start a second timer or a second window (e.g., sl-CSI-ReportTimer The second wireless device may send a sidelink CSI report before the timer (and / or the second timer) expires and / or while the timer (and / or the second timer) is running. Figure 28 The SL delay limit can be a value specific to a timer. For example, a timer can run for a duration indicated by the SL delay limit.

[0342] Reference Figure 28 The second wireless device can send a sidelink CSI report to the first wireless device via sidelink resources. For example, if the second wireless device is configured with resource allocation mode 1, the second wireless device can receive permission for sidelink resources from the base station. For example, if the second wireless device is configured with resource allocation mode 2, the second wireless device can (e.g., without communicating with the base station) select sidelink resources.

[0343] For example, a second wireless device (e.g., configured with resource allocation mode 1) receives permission from the base station (e.g., Figure 28 The SL permission (e.g., DCI 3_0) indicates that the permission is used to send an SL CSI report to the first radio device and / or sidelink resources located (e.g., occurring) within an SL delay limit starting from the start time of a timer. The second radio device may receive the permission from the base station in response to or after sending a scheduling request to the base station. For example, if the second radio device does not have an SL permission for sending an SL CSI report, for example, the second radio device may send a scheduling request to the base station to receive the permission (e.g., Figure 28 (SL permission in the context). The base station may, for example, send permission to the second radio device in response to and / or after receiving a scheduling request from the second radio device (e.g., SL permission). Figure 28 (SL permission in the middle).

[0344] For example, according to the example embodiments in this disclosure (e.g., Figure 26 For example, a second wireless device configured with resource allocation mode 2 selects side-link resources. These side-link resources can be used for the transmission of SL CSI reports to the first wireless device and / or within SL delay limits starting from the start time of the timer.

[0345] refer to Figure 28 The second wireless device can (by) Figure 28 (The SL permission indication in the text, or selected by a second wireless device configured with resource allocation mode 2), for example, sending a sidelink CSI report to the first wireless device via sidelink resources before the timer expires, while the timer is running, and / or within a delay limit starting from the timer's start time. For example, if the timer runs for a duration indicated by the delay limit, the second wireless device can determine that the timer has expired. For example, if (e.g., the second wireless device determines) the timer has expired and / or if the second wireless device does not send / does not send a sidelink CSI report before / until the timer expires while the timer is running, and / or within a delay limit starting from the timer's start time, the second wireless device can cancel the triggered sidelink CSI report (e.g., the transmission of the sidelink CSI report can be cancelled).

[0346] In the example, one or more conditions for the first wireless device to transmit sidelink CSI-RS may include: 1) the sidelink CSI report is generated by higher-layer parameters (e.g., sl-CSI-Acquisition ) Enabled; and / or 2) The corresponding field in the SCI (e.g., SCI format 2-A) (e.g., " CSI RequestThe field is set to 1. The corresponding SCI can schedule PSSCH (e.g., for decoding PSSCH), for example, the first wireless device multiplexes the side-link CSI-RS with the PSSCH. The first wireless device can use the " CSI Request The value of this field is set as indicated by a higher layer (e.g., 1). This is used when the first wireless device is configured in the side walkway. Q p The number of CSI-RS ports and / or scheduled layers on the sidelink of {1,2} is: At that time, the first wireless device can determine the sidelink CSI-RS scaling factor. It can be .For example, It is a scaling factor used for the corresponding PSSCH. For example, the first wireless device multiplexes the side-link CSI-RS with the PSSCH.

[0347] The SL CSI report may include SL CSI. The SL CSI may include information and / or one or more measurements instructing a second wireless device to determine and / or measure the channel state based on the side-link CSI-RS received from the first wireless device. For example, the information and / or one or more measurements may include CQI, RI, LI, CRI, PMI, L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, and / or any combination thereof. The second wireless device may determine the information and / or one or more measurements including at least one of CQI, RI, LI, CRI, PMI, L1-RSRP, and L1-SINR by measuring and / or receiving the SL CSI-RS. The second wireless device may send the SL CSI to the first wireless device via the SL CSI report. CQI and RI may be reported together. The process of sending the SL CSI report (and generating the side-link CSI) can be represented as an SL CSI report. The CSI report may be aperiodic, semi-persistent, or periodic. The configured SL CSI-RS may be aperiodic, semi-persistent, or periodic.

[0348] In this embodiment, if CSI-RS is transmitted via / as a side link transmission, then SL CSI-RS can be interchanged with CSI-RS and / or referred to as CSI-RS. In this embodiment, for example, if the CSI in the CSI-RS report includes information and / or one or more measurements indicating that the wireless device can determine and / or measure the channel state based on SL CSI-RS received from another wireless device, then SL CSI report (or reporting) can be interchanged with CSI-RS report (or reporting) and / or referred to as CSI-RS report (or reporting).

[0349] In the example, refer to Figure 28CSI reports triggered by SCI can be non-periodic CSI reports. SCIs (e.g., SCI format 2-A) can include "" with a value set to 1. CSI Request The field indicates (e.g., non-periodic) triggering of a CSI report. The first wireless device (e.g., the wireless device triggering the CSI or the wireless device sending the CSI-RS) may do so before / up to the time slot or symbol when the SL CSI report timer expires, or upon receiving a CSI report triggered by an SCI (e.g., SCI format 2-A). CSI Request "Before / up to a CSI report with the field set to 1, triggering (e.g., non-periodic) CSI reports from the same wireless device (e.g., a second wireless device) is not permitted. The second wireless device may not expect to send overlapping sidelink CSI-RS and sidelink PT-RS."

[0350] exist Figure 28 In this context, the second wireless device can receive messages including SL CSI RS configuration parameters (e.g., RRC messages and / or RRCReconfigurationSidelink The message may include... SL-CSI-RS-Config . SL-CSI-RS- Config This may include SL CSI RS configuration parameters, for example, sl-CSI-RS-FreqAllocation , sl-CSI-RS- FirstSymbol The parameters indicate the resource allocation of SL CSI-RS in the frequency and time domains.

[0351] In the example, Figure 28Each of the signaling parameters shown can be optional. For example, it is optional for the second wireless device to receive the side-link SL CSI RS configuration parameters from the first wireless device. The second wireless device can receive the side-link SL CSI RS configuration parameters from the base station. For example, it is optional for the second wireless device to send an SL CSI report after receiving the SL CSI-RS or in response to receiving the SL CSI-RS. For example, the second wireless device may not send a report to the first wireless device after receiving the SL CSI-RS or in response to receiving the SL CSI-RS. For example, the SL CSI RS configuration parameters and / or the SCI received using the SL CSI-RS in the same time slot may not indicate an SL CSI report triggered for the SL CSI-RS. For example, if the SL CSI-RS is transmitted for the second wireless device via transmit or receive beamsharpening, the second wireless device may not send an SL CSI report, and / or the SL CSI RS configuration parameters and / or the SCI received using the SL CSI-RS in the same time slot may not indicate an SL CSI report triggered for the SL CSI-RS. For example, the scheduling request sent by the second wireless device to the base station is optional. If the second wireless device selects or is configured with resource allocation mode 2, the second wireless device may not send a scheduling request to the base station. If the second wireless device has SL permission (already received from the base station) to accommodate the SL CSI report, the second wireless device may not send a scheduling request to the base station.

[0352] Figure 29 An example of resource allocation for SL CSI RS according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 28 The SL CSI RS configuration parameters transmitted by the first radio device and / or received by the second radio device can indicate the start frequency and start time of the SL CSI-RS in the time slot where the first radio device transmits the SCI that triggers the SL CSI report. For example, the SL CSI RS configuration parameters can indicate how many symbols and / or how many REs and / or how many PRBs carry the SL CSI RS.

[0353] The second wireless device can determine (e.g., assume) the non-zero transmission power used for SL CSI-RS. SL CSI-RS and PSCCH (located in the same time slot and / or scheduled to carry SL CSI-RS) may not be mapped to the same resource element. SL CSI-RS and PSCCH DM-RS may not be scheduled, mapped, or allocated in the same symbol. SL CSI-RS and SCI (Phase 1 CSI and / or Phase 2 SCI) may not be scheduled, mapped, or allocated in the same symbol. The first wireless device can transmit SL CSI-RS, for example, in an SCI format 2-A carrying scheduled PSCCH, within a resource block used for transmitting PSCCH, triggering an SL CSI report including SL CSI measurements based on SL CSI-RS. The second wireless device can, for example, receive from the first wireless device at least one SL delay limit configured for different SL CSI-RS transmissions. sl-LatencyBoundCSI-Report .

[0354] In the example, SL CSI reporting (e.g., the SL CSI reporting procedure) can be used to provide side-link CSI to the peer wireless device (the first wireless device). For example, SL delay limits can be defined, configured, and / or received based on (e.g., for) each PC5-RRC connection. sl-LatenyBoundCSI-Report For example, the second wireless device can receive from the first wireless device a first SL delay limit for a first PC5-RRC connection and / or a first PC5 link established with the first wireless device. Similarly, the second wireless device can receive from the third wireless device a second SL delay limit for a second PC5-RRC connection and / or a second PC5 link established with the third wireless device.

[0355] For example, the MAC entity (of the first and / or second wireless devices) can maintain a timer for each pair of source layer 2 IDs and destination layer 2 IDs corresponding to a PC5-RRC connection (e.g., sl-CSI-ReportTimer , Figure 28 (SL CSI report timer in the middle). sl-CSI-ReportTimer This can be used by SL-CSI reporting wireless devices (e.g., a second wireless device) to comply with latency requirements sent from a wireless device (e.g., a first wireless device) triggered by a CSI report. sl-LatencyBoundCSI-Report ). sl-CSI-ReportTimer The value (e.g., the initial value) can be related to the value configured by RRC. sl-LatencyBoundCSI-Report The latency requirements for SL-CSI reports are the same. Value indication. sl-CSI- ReportTimer The (e.g., maximum) runtime. If sl-CSI-ReportTimer If the operation lasts for the duration indicated by the value, the wireless device can determine... sl-CSI-ReportTimerExpiration. If the wireless device receives a CSI report, the wireless device can stop. sl-CSI-ReportTimer A MAC entity can be configured for each pair of source layer 2 IDs and destination layer 2 IDs corresponding to a PC5-RRC connection already established by the upper layer: 1> If SL-CSI Report It has been triggered by SCI and has not been canceled: 2> If it is a triggered SL-CSI report sl-CSI-ReportTimer Not running: 3> Start sl-CSI-ReportTimer (For example, t0 in Figure 32) 2> If it is a triggered SL-CSI report sl-CSI-ReportTimer maturity: 3. Cancel the triggered SL-CSI report. (For example, t2 in Figure 32) 2> Otherwise, if the MAC entity has SL resources allocated for the new transmission, and as a result of logical channel prioritization, the SL-SCH resources can be adapted to the SL-CSI report MAC CE and its sub-headers: 3> Indicates the generation of the side-link CSI report MAC CE during the multiplexing and assembly process; 3> Stop using SL-CSI reports that are triggered sl-CSI-ReportTimer (For example, t1 in Figure 32) 3> Cancel the triggered SL-CSI report. 2> If the MAC entity has already been configured with sidelink resource allocation mode 1: 3> Trigger a scheduling request.

[0356] For example, if a wireless device triggers an SL CSI report, the wireless device can determine that the SL CSI report is pending (e.g., until the SL CSI report is cancelled). If a transmission of a pending SL-CSI report with sidelink permission cannot meet the latency requirements associated with the SL-CSI report, a MAC entity configured with sidelink resource allocation mode 1 can trigger a scheduling request (e.g., Figure 28 ).

[0357] Figure 30An example of an SL CSI report according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown. For example, an SLCSI report may include a MAC CE that includes an SL CSI. For example, a MAC CE may be a sidelink CSI report MAC CE identified by a MAC subheader with a predefined LCID (Logical Channel ID). The priority of the sidelink CSI report MAC CE is fixed to a predefined value (e.g., "1" indicating the highest priority). The sidelink CSI report MAC CE may include at least one of CQI, RI, LI, CRI, PMI, L1-RSRP, or L1-SINR. For example, Figure 30 This is an example format for a side-link CSI report MAC CE that includes at least RI and CQI. Figure 30 In this context, RI can be a field indicating the derived value of the rank indicator used for side-link CSI reporting, based on measurements from the SL CSI-RS. The length of the RI field can be predefined (e.g., 1 bit). Figure 30 In this context, CQI can be a field indicating a derived value of a channel quality indicator used for side-link CSI reporting, based on measurements from the SL CSI-RS. The length of the CQI field can be predefined (e.g., 4 bits). Figure 30 In this context, R can indicate one or more reserved bits that are set to a predefined value (e.g., 0).

[0358] In the example, sidelink transmissions can be beam-centric. For instance, between peer wireless devices, transmissions of PSCCH, PSSCH, and / or PSFCH can be performed via, through, and / or using a specific beam. Sidelink reference signals (e.g., SL SSB, SL DM-RS, and / or SL CSI-RS) can represent the specific beam used for sidelink transmissions.

[0359] In a sidelink, a wireless device can perform beam scanning for beam-centric sidelink transmissions. For example, a first wireless device can send multiple sidelink reference signals (SL RS) (e.g., SLCSI-RS) to a second wireless device as a beam scan. Each of the multiple SL RSs can correspond to (e.g., be associated with) a specific beam of the first wireless device.

[0360] Beam scanning can be used for sidelink unicast links between a source (e.g., identified / indicated by a source identifier) ​​and a destination (e.g., identified / indicated by a destination identifier). A sidelink unicast link can refer to a direct communication link established between a source and destination pair. Sidelink unicast links can be referred to as PC5 (Proximity Services Communication 5) links, PC5 unicast links, PC5-RRC connections, etc. For example, a PC5-RRC connection can refer to a PC5 link that establishes / builds an RRC layer between the source and destination.

[0361] Beam scanning can occur before or after the sidelink unicast link is established. Beam scanning can also occur during the establishment of the sidelink unicast link, for example, as part of the sidelink unicast link establishment process.

[0362] Figure 31A and Figure 31B An example of an SL RS based on an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown. For example, such as... Figure 31A As shown, the first wireless device can transmit multiple SL RSs (e.g., a group / set of SL RSs) corresponding to (e.g., associated with) a specific beam scan within a side link time slot. For example, as... Figure 31B As shown, the first wireless device can transmit multiple SL RSs (e.g., a group / set of SL RSs) corresponding to (e.g., associated with) a corresponding beam scan within multiple side link time slots (e.g., across multiple side link time slots). The first wireless device can transmit via... Figure 31B Each side link time slot transmits one or more SL RS.

[0363] Figure 31A and / or Figure 31BMultiple SL RSs are associated with a specific set or group of SL RS transmissions (e.g., beam scans). For example, each SL RS in the multiple SL RSs is associated with the same set or group. For example, the transmission of SL RSs in a set or group forms a (corresponding) beam scan. For example, a set or group (e.g., associated with or comprising one or more SL RSs) may be associated with a specific beam scan of SL RS transmissions. Each set or group (or its corresponding beam scan) may be associated with a specific purpose of SL RS transmissions. For example, a specific set or group (or its corresponding beam scan) may be used for at least one of the following: periodic transmission of multiple SL RSs, non-periodic transmission of multiple SL RSs, and / or semi-persistent transmission of multiple SL RSs, transmission of multiple SL RSs for an initial beam pairing process, transmission of multiple SL RSs for a beam management process, transmission of multiple SL RSs for a beam failure detection / recovery process, and / or any combination thereof. For example, a first wireless device may send a message to a second wireless device including multiple configurations (e.g., configurations such as SL-CSI-Resource Config IE, etc.). Each of the multiple configurations may be associated with a corresponding set (or group) among multiple sets (or groups). Each of the multiple configurations may include a corresponding configuration identifier (additionally or alternatively, a corresponding set identifier or a corresponding group identifier) ​​that identifies and / or indicates the corresponding set (or group) among the multiple sets (or groups). Each of the multiple configurations may include parameters indicating one or more SL RSs associated with the corresponding set (or group).

[0364] exist Figure 31A and Figure 31B In this context, the first wireless device can send an SLRS to the second wireless device, indicating a set and / or group associated with the SLRS. For example, in... Figure 31A In a side traversal time slot, a first wireless device may send control information (e.g., SCI, first-phase SCI, and / or second-phase SCI) to a second wireless device, including field values ​​(e.g., set identifier, group identifier, and / or configuration identifier) ​​indicating a set and / or group associated with an SL RS. For example, the first wireless device multiplexes the control information with the SL RS in the side traversal time slot. For example, the first wireless device transmits control information via a side traversal time slot, where the first wireless device transmits the SL RS. The second wireless device may determine that the control information (including field values) indicates the transmission of the SL RS associated with the set and / or group in the side traversal time slot (indicated by the field values ​​in the SCI). Figure 31B In, for example, in Figure 31BIn at least one of the three side traversing link time slots (e.g., the first-positioned side traversing link time slot or all three side traversing link time slots), the first wireless device may send control information (e.g., SCI, first-phase SCI, and / or second-phase SCI) to the second wireless device, including field values ​​(e.g., set identifier, group identifier, and / or configuration identifier) ​​indicating a set and / or group associated with the SL RS. The second wireless device may determine that the control information (including field values) indicates that the transmission of the SL RS associated with the set and / or group (indicated by the field values ​​in the SCI) occurs in at least one side traversing link time slot and / or in all three side traversing link time slots.

[0365] In exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, beam scanning may refer to or include transmissions of multiple SL RSs from one wireless device to another. Transmissions of multiple SL RSs may occur over multiple symbols via time slots (e.g., Figure 31A ) or via / across multiple time slots (e.g., Figure 31B This occurs. Each SL RS in multiple SL RSs can be associated with or grouped into the same configuration IE (e.g., sl-CSIRS-ResourceConfig IE, etc.), the same set, and / or the same group. The same configuration IE (e.g., sl-CSIRS-ResourceConfig IE, etc.), the same set, and / or the same group are identified by the corresponding identifier (e.g., configuration ID, set ID, group ID, etc.).

[0366] SL RS can be referred to by different terms or indicated by different terms. For example, SL TCI status, SL SRI, and SL beam can be used to refer to SL RS. For example, an SL configuration may include a first SL TCI status or a first SL SRI field (or container or IE) that includes, is linked to, or is associated with a first SL RS (e.g., SL CSI RS). In this case, the first SL TCI status or the first SL SRI field (or container or IE) can be used as a term indicating the first SL RS. Similarly, in this case, the first SL RS can be used as a term indicating the first SL TCI status or the first SL SRI field (or container or IE).

[0367] Each of the plurality of SL RSs can be associated with a corresponding spatial filter of the wireless device. For example, the first wireless device can: determine to transmit the first SL RS of the plurality of SL RSs to the second wireless device using a first TX spatial filter; determine to transmit the second SL RS of the plurality of SL RSs to the second wireless device using a second TX spatial filter; and so on. In this case, the first TX spatial filter and the second TX spatial filter are associated with the first SL RS and the second SL RS, respectively. For example, if the first SL RS and the second SL RS are associated with the same TX spatial filter, the first wireless device and / or the second wireless device can determine that the first SL RS and the second SL RS are quasi-co-located. If the first SL RS and the second SL RS are linked to or associated with the same SL TCI or SL SRI, the first wireless device and / or the second wireless device can determine that the first SL RS and the second SL RS are quasi-co-located.

[0368] For example, if the first SL RS and the second SL RS are associated with the same TX spatial filter, the first wireless device and / or the second wireless device can determine that the first SL RS and the second SL RS are quasi-co-located. If the first SL TCI (or the first SLSRI) and the second SL TCI (or the second SL SRI) are linked to or associated with the same SL RS, the first wireless device and / or the second wireless device can determine that the first SL TCI and the second SL TCI are quasi-co-located.

[0369] For example, an SL TCI can be referred to as an SL TCI state or used interchangeably with an SL TCI state. An SL TCI (or SLTCI configuration) can include or be associated with a corresponding SL TCI identifier. An SL TCI identifier can be used to indicate a corresponding SLTCI. An SL SRI (or SL SRI configuration) can include or be associated with a corresponding SL SRI identifier. An SL SRI identifier can be used to indicate a corresponding SL SRI. An SL RS identifier can be used to indicate a corresponding SL RS.

[0370] During beam scanning of multiple SL RSs transmitted from the first wireless device to the second wireless device, the second wireless device may determine a preferred SL beam or preferred SL beam pair. For example, the preferred SL beam or preferred SL beam pair may be represented or identified by a corresponding SL TCI, SL SRI, or SL RS. For example, the second wireless device may determine a measurement (e.g., RSRP or RSRQ) for each of the multiple SL RSs. The second wireless device may determine or select a preferred SL beam in response to the measurement satisfying one or more conditions (e.g., an RSRP value greater than or equal to an RSRP threshold).

[0371] During beam scanning, the second wireless device can determine / select its RX spatial filter corresponding to (e.g., preferred) SL beam. The determined / selected preferred SL beam and the determined / selected RX spatial filter can be referred to as (e.g., preferred) SL beam pair. The second wireless device can send a signal or message to the first wireless device indicating the selected (e.g., preferred) SL beam and / or (e.g., preferred) SL beam pair. Figure 28 SL CSI reports in the context of data processing (e.g., signals or messages). Figure 28 The SL CSI report may include a field indicating the SL TCI, SL SRI, or SL RS identifier associated with the selected (e.g., preferred) SL beam and / or (e.g., preferred) SL beam pair, for example, as a way of indicating the selected (e.g., preferred) SL beam and / or (e.g., preferred) SL beam pair.

[0372] Wireless devices can send multiple SL RS as beam scans for (e.g., initial) beam pairing processes, beam management (or maintenance) processes, and beam fault detection / recovery processes.

[0373] (For example, the initial) beam-pairing process may include determining a beam pair for transmission via a side link (e.g., a unicast link) between the first and second wireless devices. Prior to beamforming SL transmission, the first and second wireless devices may select a preferred TX beam (e.g., a TX spatial filter or precoder) for the transmitter wireless device and a preferred RX beam (e.g., an RX spatial filter) for the receiver wireless device for SL transmission. The transmitter wireless device and receiver wireless device may be, respectively, the first and second wireless devices, for SL transmissions from the first wireless device to the second wireless device. The transmitter wireless device and receiver wireless device may be, respectively, the first and second wireless devices, for SL transmissions from the first wireless device to the second wireless device via a side link between the first and second wireless devices. The transmitter wireless device and receiver wireless device may be, respectively, the second and first wireless devices, for SL transmissions from the second wireless device to the first wireless device via a side link between the first and second wireless devices.

[0374] For example, the beam pairing process may include a first wireless device transmitting multiple SL RSs to a second wireless device to select the beam used by the first wireless device for transmitting and / or receiving sidelink transmissions from the second wireless device. For example, the first wireless device may use different beams or different TX spatial filters to transmit the multiple SL RSs (e.g., each of the multiple SL RSs is associated with a corresponding beam in a different beam or a corresponding TX spatial filter in a different TX spatial filter). The second wireless device may determine measurements on the multiple SL RSs and send a measurement report (e.g., a CSI report) to the first wireless device. The measurement report may include one or more measurements from the multiple SL RSs and / or one or more preferred / selected beams (or SL RSs among the multiple SL RSs). The first wireless device may select or determine its TX beam and / or RX beam (which is associated with one of the multiple SL RSs) for sidelink transmissions with the second wireless device based on the measurements and / or one or more preferred / selected beams.

[0375] For example, the beam pairing process may include: a first wireless device transmitting an SL RS to a second wireless device via (e.g., across) multiple symbols or time slots, allowing the second wireless device to scan its RX beam to select a beam for the second wireless device to use for transmitting and / or receiving sidelink transmissions to and from the first wireless device. For example, the first wireless device may use the same beam or the same TX spatial filter to transmit the SL RS via (e.g., across) multiple symbols or time slots. The SL RS may be associated with (e.g., correspond to) a preferred TX or RX beam selected by the first wireless device for transmitting or receiving sidelink transmissions to or from the second wireless device. When the first wireless device transmits the SL RS via multiple symbols or time slots, the second wireless device may use a different RX beam to receive the SL RS (e.g., an RX beam scan may be performed). For example, the second wireless device may determine the measurement quantity measured on the SL RS of each RX beam and select one of the RX beams as an RX beam to be used for sending side link transmissions to the first wireless device and / or receiving side link transmissions from the first wireless device.

[0376] The beam pairing process can occur when the first and second wireless devices establish a unicast link (e.g., during the unicast link establishment process). The beam pairing process can also occur after the first and second wireless devices have completed establishing the unicast link (e.g., after the unicast link establishment process is complete). The beam pairing process may include the first wireless device sending SL configuration parameters to the second wireless device.

[0377] The beam management process may include the transmission of one or more SL RSs, the transmission of measurement reports associated with one or more SL RSs, and / or the determination of whether to maintain or switch the current TX beam (and / or the current RX beam). For example, beam management may include: a first wireless device transmitting one or more SL RSs to a second wireless device using one or more TX beams. For example, the beam management process may be used for link monitoring on a unicast link established between the first and second wireless devices. The first wireless device may send a message including configuration parameters indicating the SL RSs used in the beam management process. The configuration parameters may include one or more parameters indicating the radio resource mapping from each SL RS to the corresponding RE, one or more reporting quantities (e.g., L1-RSRP, CQI, RI, PMI, etc.) measured by each SL RS and to be reported to the first wireless device, and / or resource scheduling information (e.g., whether the SL RS is a periodic, non-periodic, or semi-persistent transmission). The second wireless device may determine the measurement quantities based on the configuration parameters and send a measurement report including one or more measurement quantities to the first wireless device. The first and / or second wireless devices may switch their TX and / or RX beams used for lateral link transmission between them to another TX and / or RX beam based on measurement reports.

[0378] The beam failure detection / recovery process enables beamforming sidelink unicast links to quickly and efficiently re-establish disconnected communication links, for example, without performing potentially time-consuming (e.g., initial) beam pairing processes. For instance, the beam failure detection / recovery process may include at least one of beam failure detection (BFD) and / or candidate beam identification, or beam failure recovery.

[0379] BFD can be based on measurements from one or more first SL RSs. For example, a first wireless device can send a message (e.g., an SL RRC reconfiguration message) to a second wireless device, indicating, for example, one or more first SL RSs from a plurality of first SL RSs as SL RSs for BFD. The first wireless device can send and / or send one or more first SL RSs to the second wireless device once or multiple times after sending the message. The second wireless device can determine the measurements of the one or more first SL RSs received, for example, each time the first wireless device sends one or more first SL RSs. For example, if the measurements satisfy one or more BFD conditions, the second wireless device can determine a beam fault instance. For example, if the RSRP value (etc.) measured on one or more first SL RSs is below (below) a BFD threshold, the second wireless device can determine a beam fault instance (e.g., indicating that BFD has occurred). For example, if beam fault instances occur consecutively within a time window (e.g., N≥1), the second wireless device can determine BFD.

[0380] Candidate beam identifiers may include: the second wireless device monitoring one or more second SL RSs transmitted by the first wireless device; and / or determining candidate beams based on one or more second SL RSs. For example, the first wireless device may send a message (e.g., an SL RRC reconfiguration message) to the second wireless device indicating (e.g., among multiple second SL RSs) one or more second SL RSs, as a message for monitoring candidate beam identifiers. For example, multiple first SL RSs may be the same as multiple second SL RSs. The second wireless device may determine a measurement (e.g., RSRP) for each of the one or more second SL RSs. For example, if the measurement (e.g., RSRP value) of the first SL RS among one or more second SL RSs satisfies one or more second conditions (e.g., above or equal to an RSRP threshold), the second wireless device may determine candidate beams (e.g., SL TCI, SL SRI, SL CSI RS) associated with the first SL RS among one or more second SL RSs. The second wireless device may send signals or messages (e.g., SCI, MAC CE, and / or RRC messages) that include the identifier of the first SL RS (e.g., as a candidate beam or beam pair to which the first and / or second wireless devices wish to switch). For example, the identifier of the first SL RS can be the identifier of the SL TCI or SL SRI associated with (or linked to) the first SL RS.

[0381] Beam fault recovery can be triggered when a beam fault is detected and / or a candidate beam is identified. For example, a first wireless device that transmits one or more first SL RSs or one or more second SL RSs (e.g., to a second wireless device) can trigger beam fault recovery. For example, a second wireless device that receives one or more first SL RSs or one or more second SL RSs (e.g., from a first wireless device) can trigger beam fault recovery. Beam fault recovery may include transmitting a signal or message including an identifier of the first SL RS, for example, as a candidate beam or beam pair that the first and / or second wireless devices switch to.

[0382] Figure 32A An example of an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure for SL RS transmission is shown. For example... Figure 32A As shown, the first wireless device can transmit SL RS (e.g., SL CSI RS) to the second wireless device via a side link (e.g., the same) time slot and for beam scanning, for example, each SL RS (e.g., SL SCI-RS) containing SL data (e.g., SL-SCH and / or MAC CE, multiplexed onto PSSCH). For example, the first wireless device can transmit multiple SL RS and SL-SCH (e.g., multiplexed onto PSSCH) in the same side link time slot. The first wireless device can transmit... Figure 32A or Figure 32B The SL RS in the image can be used for beam scanning (e.g., initial beam pairing process, beam management process, and / or beam fault detection / recovery process). Figure 32A or Figure 32B SL RS in the text can be Figure 31A At least one of the SL RS or Figure 31B Any one of the SLRS in one of the three side link time slots in the side link. Figure 32A or Figure 32B The side link time slot in the middle can be Figure 31A The side link time slot in Figure 31 or any of the side link time slots in Figure 31 B.

[0383] refer to Figure 32ASL RSs can be multiplexed with PSSCHs in sidelink (e.g., same) time slots. As an example of multiplexing, one or more PSSCHs may initially reside in a sidelink time slot, followed by one or more SL RSs in a time-domain sidelink (e.g., same) time slot. As an example of multiplexing, SL RSs may initially reside in a sidelink time slot, followed by one or more PSSCHs (e.g., including SL-SCH) in a time-domain sidelink time slot. As an example of multiplexing, one or more PSSCHs (e.g., including SL-SCH) may be allocated between two SL RSs in a time-domain sidelink time slot. Transmissions of SL RSs multiplexed with PSSCHs (e.g., including SL-SCH) in the same time slot can be referred to as non-independent transmissions of SL RSs, etc. Figure 32A In this context, the first radio device may transmit PSCCH and / or SCI (e.g., first-stage SCI and / or second-stage SCI) in a side-link time slot, wherein the first radio device transmits SL RS and / or PSSCH. The PSCCH and / or SCI may include one or more fields whose values ​​indicate at least one of the following: the number of SL RS in the side-link time slot, the start position (symbol) of each SL RS in the time slot, the end position (symbol) of each SL RS in the side-link time slot, or the frequency resource allocation of each SL RS in the side-link time slot.

[0384] Figure 32B An example of an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure for SL RS transmission is shown. For example... Figure 32B As shown, the first wireless device can transmit SL RS (e.g., SL CSI RS) to the second wireless device even when there is no data in the same time slot (e.g., SL-SCH and / or PSSCH including SL-SCH), for example, each SL RS in the SL RS (e.g., SL CSI-RS). The first wireless device can transmit... Figure 32B The SL RS in the image can be used for beam scanning (e.g., initial beam pairing process, beam management process, and / or beam fault detection / recovery process). Figure 32B SL RS in the text can be Figure 31A At least one of the SL RS or Figure 31B Any one of the SL RSs in one of the three side link time slots in the side link. Figure 32A The side link time slot in the middle can be Figure 31A Side link time slots or Figure 31B Any one of the side link time slots in the side link time slot.

[0385] refer to Figure 32B Transmissions of SL RSs without SL data in the side link time slots can be referred to as independent transmissions of SL RSs, etc. SL data may include SL-SCH and / or SL data associated with SL-SCH. SL data may also include one or more MAC CEs.

[0386] refer to Figure 32B The first wireless device may transmit control information (e.g., PSCCH, SCI, first-stage SCI, and / or second-stage SCI) in a sidelink (e.g., same) time slot (or in a standalone transmission), wherein the first wireless device transmits SL RS as a standalone transmission. The control information may include one or more fields whose values ​​indicate at least one of the following: the number of SL RSs in the sidelink time slot, the start position (symbol) of each SL RS in the time slot, the end position (symbol) of each SL RS in the sidelink time slot, or the frequency resource allocation of each SL RS in the sidelink time slot.

[0387] For example, a transmission of SLRS that does not have an SL-SCH in a side link time slot (e.g., a PSSCH that does not include at least an SL-SCH) can be referred to as an independent transmission of SLRS, etc. Figure 32B In this process, the first wireless device may transmit SL-SCH (e.g., PSSCH including SL-SCH or MAC SDU including SL-SCH) not in a sidelink (e.g., the same) time slot (or in a separate transmission), wherein the first wireless device transmits SL RS as a separate transmission. Figure 32B In this process, the first wireless device may transmit one or more MAC CEs in a side link (e.g., the same) time slot (or in a standalone transmission), wherein the first wireless device transmits SL RS as a standalone transmission.

[0388] For example, SL RS transmissions without PSSCH (e.g., including SL-SCH and / or MAC CE) in the side link time slots can be referred to as independent SL RS transmissions, etc. Figure 32B In this process, the first wireless device may transmit SL-SCH (e.g., PSSCH including SL-SCH or MACSDU including SL-SCH) not in a sidelink (e.g., the same) time slot (or in a separate transmission), wherein the first wireless device transmits SL RS as a separate transmission. Figure 32B In this context, the first wireless device may transmit one or more MAC CEs in a time slot other than the side link (e.g., the same) (or in a separate transmission), wherein the first wireless device transmits SL RS as a separate transmission.

[0389] refer to Figure 32B A standalone transmission of SL RS can refer to an SL transmission in a time slot that does not contain either PSCCH or PSSCH (e.g., SL-SCH and / or MAC CE). For example, a standalone transmission includes SL RS transmissions and / or may not include PSCCH and PSSCH transmissions (e.g., SL-SCH and / or MAC CE).

[0390] In the example, the transmission of SL RS can be the transmission of a sequence of SL RS (e.g., SL CSI-RS). For example, the sequence of SL RS can be represented as... The first wireless device can generate sequences. As a predefined formula. For example, a sequence. It can be . It can be a pseudo-random sequence. It can be started at the beginning of each OFDM symbol. initialization. It can be a timeslot number (or index) within a radio frame. This could be an OFDM symbol number (or index) within a time slot. In the example, the first wireless device could be connected via an OFDM symbol number within a time slot. The symbol is used to send SL RS. In the example, the parameter sl-CSI- RS-First Symbol It can indicate OFDM symbol number The second wireless device can receive SLRS via symbols within the time slot.

[0391] The first wireless device can transmit multiple SL RSs (e.g., SL CSI RSs) via multiple OFDM symbols within a time slot (e.g., for SL beam management), such as... Figure 31A , Figure 31B , Figure 32A and / or Figure 32B As shown. The first wireless device can be in a time slot (e.g., in...). Figure 32A (in the middle) or in the case where there is no PSSCH in the time slot (in Figure 32BMultiple SL RSs are transmitted. For example, if a first wireless device transmits multiple SL RSs and PSSCHs in the same time slot, the multiple SL RSs and PSSCHs can occupy (or carry on or schedule) different OFDM symbols in the time slot. Multiple OFDM symbols can be assigned to SLRSs. Indications (e.g., the SCI field within the time slot) can indicate the presence of an SLRS for beam measurement in the transmission of PSSCH. For example, a 1-bit field in SCI format 1-A can inform (or indicate) that the transmitted SL RS is used for beam management.

[0392] In the example, a first wireless device can transmit SL RS (or at least one or more SL RSs) for beam scanning to a second wireless device. The first wireless device can determine resources for transmitting at least one or more SL RSs. These resources can be located in one or more symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) within a time slot (e.g., they can span and / or be located within a time slot). L Sub-channels (e.g., L Within ≥1). Resources can be included in L One or more REs in the time slots of a sub-channel. One or more REs may be REs that the first radio device determines to map at least one or more SL RSs and transmits at least one or more SL RSs. For example, REs that serve as resources for mapping SL RSs and / or as resources through which the first radio device transmits SL RSs. L One or more REs in one or more symbols in one or more time slots on one or more PRBs (or RBs) within a subchannel.

[0393] At least one or more SL RSs may be multiplexed with PSCCH and / or PSSCH in the same time slot. For SL RSs used for beam scanning, at least one or more SL RSs may be multiplexed with PSCCH and / or PSSCH in different symbols within the same time slot. For SL RSs used for beam scanning, PSCCH and / or PSSCH may span the same time slot spanned by at least one or more SL RSs. L Within each sub-channel.

[0394] For example, at least one or more SL RS frequency resources can be aligned with the frequency resources of PSSCH and / or PSCCH, such as Figure 32A or Figure 32BAs shown. For example, the highest index of a PRB carrying at least one or more SL RSs can be the same as the highest index of a PRB carrying PSCCH and / or PSCCH. For example, the lowest index of a PRB carrying at least one or more SL RSs can be the same as the lowest index of a PRB carrying PSCCH and / or PSCCH.

[0395] For example, the time resources of at least one or more SL RSs can be different from the time resources of PSSCH and / or PSCCH (e.g., they can be disjoint or non-overlapping), such as Figure 32A or Figure 32B As shown. The time resources of at least one or more SL RSs can be in one or more first symbols of a time slot. The time resources of PSSCH and / or PSCCH can be in one or more second symbols of a time slot. One or more first symbols can be different from one or more second symbols.

[0396] Figure 33A , Figure 33B , Figure 33C and Figure 33D An example of a side link channel according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 33A , Figure 33B , Figure 33C and Figure 33D yes Figure 32A and / or Figure 32B Examples.

[0397] exist Figure 33A , Figure 33B , Figure 33C and / or Figure 33D In the middle, PSCCH, PSSCH (for example, for...) Figure 33A and / or Figure 33B The radio resources (e.g., time and frequency resources and / or resource assignment / allocation) of the PSCCH and / or SL RS do not overlap with each other. For example, the PSCCH is in a non-overlapping resource with Figure 33A and / or Figure 33B The PSSCH multiplexing in the same time slot shown and / or in non-overlapping resources with Figure 33A , Figure 33B , Figure 33C and / or Figure 33D The SL RS multiplexing in the same time slot is shown. For example, PSSCH in non-overlapping resources is... Figure 33A , Figure 33B SL RS multiplexing in the same time slot is shown. Figure 33A and / or Figure 33BAs shown, a wireless device may transmit (or may begin transmitting) PSCCH and / or PSCCH from the same symbol in a time slot (e.g., the symbol after or following the AGC symbol, or the next symbol in the time slot). A wireless device may transmit (or may begin transmitting) SL RS via one or more symbols. One or more symbols may be located and / or occur after the last symbol of the PSCCH or PSSCH until symbols are allocated (determined) for guard time and / or PSFCH transmission within the time slot.

[0398] exist Figure 33A , Figure 33B , Figure 33C and / or Figure 33D In this configuration, the number of symbols used to transmit the PSCCH can be (pre)configured (e.g., according to a resource pool as a resource pool configuration parameter). For example, the resource pool configuration parameter received by the first wireless device can indicate the number of symbols used to transmit the PSCCH. For example, the number of symbols can be 2 or 3. For example, the number of symbols used to transmit the PSCCH varies depending on whether the first wireless device transmits (e.g., for beam scanning) SL RS in the same time slot. For example, the resource pool configuration parameter can include at least two parameters; a first parameter indicating the number of symbols used to transmit the PSCCH in the same time slot (e.g., where can be as follows). Figure 29 The schedule shown is used for transmitting PSCCHs without SL RS in the SCI capture (SL CSI-RS) (e.g., for beam scanning or for beam management, such as...). Figure 33A , Figure 33B , Figure 33C and / or Figure 33D The first symbol number (as shown); and / or the second parameter, which indicates the PSCCH with SL RS to be transmitted in the same time slot (e.g., for beam scanning or for beam management, such as...). Figure 33A , Figure 33B , Figure 33C and / or Figure 33D The number of the second symbol (as shown).

[0399] Figure 33A An example of a side link channel according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 33A This is an example of an SL RS transmission with PSSCH and PSCCH in the same time slot. For example, Figure 33A It can be Figure 32A An example of a non-independent SLRS transport.

[0400] exist Figure 33AIn the frequency domain, a PSCCH can occupy a (pre)configured number of M PRBs (e.g., M ≥ 1). For example, a resource pool configuration parameter can indicate M for the resource pool associated with (e.g., configured by) the resource pool configuration parameter. The M PRBs of the PSCCH can start from predefined or configured PRBs within the sub-channel (e.g., the lowest PRB in the frequency domain). Example M can be 10, 12, 15, 20, or 25 PRBs. For example, the PSCCH can be allocated, assigned, and / or contained within a sub-channel.

[0401] For example, a subchannel may be occupied by a PSSCH in the same time slot (e.g., an associated PSSCH indicated / scheduled by a PSCCH). For example, M PRBs of a PSCCH may be restricted to subchannels allocated for PSSCHs in the same time slot. For example, a wireless device may determine the PRBs of an SL RS to be aligned with the PRBs of a PSSCH.

[0402] For example, a subchannel may be occupied by an SL RS in the same time slot (e.g., an associated SL RS indicated / scheduled by the PSCCH). For example, M PRBs of the PSCCH may be restricted to subchannels allocated to SL RSs in the same time slot. For example, an SL RS may occupy a (pre)configured number of N PRBs (e.g., N ≥ 1). For example, resource pool configuration parameters may indicate N for the resource pools associated with (e.g., configured by) the resource pool configuration parameters. For example, the configuration parameters of the SL RS may indicate N. For example, the M PRBs of the PSCCH may begin with the lowest PRB within the N PRBs and / or the subchannel assigned and / or allocated to the SL RS. For example, the wireless device may determine that the PRBs of the PSCCH are aligned with the PRBs of the SL RS.

[0403] exist Figure 33A For example, the lowest index of the PRB of SL RS can be the same as the lowest index of the PRB of PSSCH. Similarly, the highest index of the PRB of SL RS can be the same as the highest index of the PRB of PSSCH. Likewise, the lowest index of the PRB of SL RS can be the same as the lowest index of the PRB of PSCCH.

[0404] exist Figure 33AIn accordance with one or more example embodiments of this disclosure, a first wireless device can determine the resource allocation (e.g., time-domain and / or frequency-domain resource allocation) of the PSSCH. The first wireless device can transmit (e.g., begin transmission) the PSSCH from predefined or configured symbols (e.g., the next symbol in the time slot) within a time slot. The number of PSSCH symbols can depend on the number of symbols in the time slot, whether the PSFCH is in the time slot, and / or the number of symbols carrying SL RS. For example, the wireless device can transmit the PSSCH over 2 to 12 consecutive symbols. In 2 or 3 symbols carrying the PSCCH, the PSSCH can be multiplexed with the PSCCH in the frequency domain. In symbols without the PSCCH, the PSSCH can span (e.g., all) the sub-channels assigned / allocated to the PSSCH, such as... Figure 33A As shown. The symbol following the last PSSCH symbol can be the start symbol for SL RS transmission.

[0405] exist Figure 33A In this process, the first wireless device can determine the resource allocation of SL RS (e.g., time-domain and / or frequency-domain resource allocation) based on the resource allocation of PSCCH and / or PSSCH in the same time slot. For example, the first wireless device can transmit SL RS from predefined or configured symbols (e.g., symbols located after PSCCH and / or PSSCH in the time slot) in the time slot. The number of SLRS symbols can depend on the number of symbols in the time slot, whether PSFCH is in the time slot, and / or the number of symbols carrying PSCCH and / or PSSCH. For example, the wireless device can transmit SL RS via the remaining symbols in the time slot. The first wireless device can determine the remaining symbols by excluding AGC symbols and / or allocating one or more symbols for or carrying PSCCH, PSSCH, PSFCH, and / or guard time from the available (e.g., all) symbols in the time slot, such as... Figure 33A As shown.

[0406] exist Figure 33AIn this context, the first wireless device can determine the resource allocation (e.g., time-domain and / or frequency-domain resource allocation) of the PSCCH and / or PSSCH based on the resource allocation of the SL RS in the same time slot. For example, the first wireless device can transmit the SL RS in the time slot from predefined or configured symbols (e.g., symbols following the PSCCH and / or PSSCH in the time slot). The number of PSCCH and / or PSSCH symbols can depend on the number of symbols in the time slot, whether the PSFCH is in the time slot, and / or the number of symbols carrying the SL RS. For example, the wireless device can transmit the PSCCH and / or PSSCH via the remaining symbols in the time slot. The first wireless device can determine the remaining symbols by excluding AGC symbols and / or allocating one or more symbols for or carrying the SL RS and / or guard time from the available (e.g., all) symbols in the time slot, such as... Figure 33A As shown.

[0407] Figure 33B An example of a side link channel according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 33B This is an example of an SL RS transmission with PSSCH and PSCCH in the same time slot. For example, Figure 33B It can be Figure 32A An example of a non-independent SLRS transport.

[0408] exist Figure 33B In the frequency domain, the PSCCH can occupy a (pre)configured number of M PRBs (e.g., M ≥ 1). For example, a resource pool configuration parameter can indicate M for the resource pools associated with (e.g., configured by) the resource pool configuration parameter. The M PRBs of the PSCCH can start from predefined or configured PRBs within the subchannel (e.g., the lowest PRB in the frequency domain). Example M can be 10, 12, 15, 20, or 25 PRBs. For example, the PSCCH can be allocated, assigned, and / or contained within a subchannel. For example, a subchannel can be occupied by SL RSs in the same time slot (e.g., associated SL RSs indicated / scheduled by the PSCCH). For example, the M PRBs of the PSCCH can be restricted to subchannels allocated for SL RSs in the same time slot. For example, SL RSs can occupy a (pre)configured number of... N One PRB (e.g., N ≥1). For example, resource pool configuration parameters can indicate the resource pool used in conjunction with (e.g., configured by) the resource pool configuration parameters. N For example, the configuration parameters of SL RS can indicate... N .

[0409] exist Figure 33BIn this context, the wireless device can determine that the PRB of the PSCCH is aligned with the PRB of the SL RS. For example, the M PRBs of the PSCCH can start from the lowest PRB among the N PRBs and / or the sub-channel assigned and / or allocated to the SL RS. For example, the lowest index of the SL RS PRB can be the same as the lowest index of the PRB of the PSCCH.

[0410] exist Figure 33B In this context, the wireless device can determine the alignment of the PSSCH PRB with the SL RS PRB. For example, the highest index of the SL RS PRB can be the same as the highest index of the PSSCH PRB. Alternatively, the wireless device can determine the number of PRBs allocated to the PSSCH and / or the location and / or index of the PRBs allocated to the PSSCH based on the PRBs assigned to the PSCCH and / or SLRS. For example, the number of PSSCH PRBs could be (NM) PRBs.

[0411] exist Figure 33B In a PSSCH, the lowest PRB index among one or more first PRBs (e.g., NM PRBs) can be based on the highest PRB index among one or more second PRBs (e.g., M PRBs) of the PSCCH. For example, the lowest PRB index of the PSSCH (e.g., represented by index X, where X≥1) is the next index after the highest PRB index of the PSCCH (e.g., represented by index X-1).

[0412] exist Figure 33B In this process, the first wireless device can determine that the resource allocation of the PSSCH in the time domain is aligned with that of the PSCCH. For example, the symbol carrying the PSSCH can be the same as the symbol carrying the PSCCH in the same time slot. For example, the first wireless device can transmit the PSSCH from a predefined or configured symbol (e.g., the symbol located next in the time slot) in the time slot. The symbol after the last PSSCH symbol and / or after the last PSCCH symbol can be the start symbol of the SL RS transmission.

[0413] exist Figure 33BIn this process, the first wireless device can determine the resource allocation of SL RS (e.g., time-domain and / or frequency-domain resource allocation) based on the resource allocation of PSCCH and / or PSSCH in the same time slot. For example, the first wireless device can transmit SL RS from predefined or configured symbols (e.g., symbols located after PSCCH and / or PSSCH in the time slot) in the time slot. The number of SLRS symbols can depend on the number of symbols in the time slot, whether PSFCH is in the time slot, and / or the number of symbols carrying PSCCH and / or PSSCH. For example, the wireless device can transmit SL RS via the remaining symbols in the time slot. The first wireless device can determine the remaining symbols by excluding AGC symbols and / or allocating one or more symbols for or carrying PSCCH, PSSCH, PSFCH, and / or guard time from the available (e.g., all) symbols in the time slot, such as... Figure 33A As shown.

[0414] exist Figure 33B In this context, the first wireless device can determine the resource allocation (e.g., time-domain and / or frequency-domain resource allocation) of the PSCCH and / or PSSCH based on the resource allocation of the SL RS in the same time slot. For example, the first wireless device can transmit the SL RS in the time slot from predefined or configured symbols (e.g., symbols following the PSCCH and / or PSSCH in the time slot). The number of PSCCH and / or PSSCH symbols can depend on the number of symbols in the time slot, whether the PSFCH is in the time slot, and / or the number of symbols carrying the SL RS. For example, the wireless device can transmit the PSCCH and / or PSSCH via the remaini...

Claims

1. A method comprising: The first wireless device receives one or more messages from the base station indicating the configuration of the side-link filter; as well as At least one side link reference signal (RS) is transmitted to a second wireless device using a transmit power based on a path loss value, wherein the path loss value is the difference between the following: - A first value for the sidelink RS transmit power of each resource element, the sidelink RS transmit power being filtered when cross-sidelink RS transmission is configured using the sidelink filter; as well as - The reference signal received power value of one or more side link RSs received from the second wireless device.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The one or more messages include at least one of the following: System information block; or Radio resource control message.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The one or more messages also indicate the configuration of the at least one RS.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The configuration includes power control parameters for the at least one RS.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The first transmission power is based on the power control parameters of the at least one RS.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Sending the at least one sidelink RS includes: sending a first sidelink transmission including the at least one sidelink RS to a second wireless device via a first time slot.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The first side link transmission does not include PSSCH.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The at least one side link RS is an independent side link RS.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The first side crosslink transmission also includes a first physical side crosslink control channel (PSCCH) and one or more DM-RS.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: The transmission power of the PSCCH is determined to be the same as the first power.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The one or more messages include configuration parameters indicating the number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) of the PSCCH.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The PSCCH starts from the lowest PRB of the sub-channel.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The subchannel is associated with or based on the at least one SL RS.

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein, One or more sub-channels of the at least one SLRS allocated in the first time slot include the sub-channels.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The one or more messages also indicate the configuration of the Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS).

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: Based on the configuration of the CSI-RS, one or more configuration parameters of the CSI-RS are sent to the second wireless device.

17. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The second side link transmission is transmitted via the second wireless device using the second transmission power.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, The second-side cross-link transmission includes: Second PSCCH; PSSCH; The CSI-RS; and One or more second DM-RS.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein: The second-side crosslink transmission includes at least one second-side crosslink RS; and In response to the second-side crosslink transmission including PSSCH, the at least one second-side crosslink RS is a non-independent crosslink RS.

20. The method of claim 17, further comprising: The second transmission power is determined based on a second path loss value that is the difference between the following: A second value for the PSSCH-based transmit power of each resource element, the PSSCH transmit power being filtered when cross-PSSCH transmission is configured using the side-link filter; and Reference signal received power values ​​of one or more demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) associated with PSSCH received from the second wireless device.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein, The configuration includes the power control parameters of the PSSCH.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein, The second transmission power is also based on the power control parameters of the PSSCH.

23. The method according to claim 18, wherein, The one or more messages include configuration parameters indicating the number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) of the second PSCCH.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein, The PSCCH starts from the lowest PRB of the lowest sub-channel of the PSSCH.

25. A wireless device, comprising: Receiver transmitter, Processing system and memory, The memory includes instructions adapted to perform the following steps: At the receiver, one or more messages indicating the configuration of the side-link filter are received from the base station; and The transmitter transmits at least one side link reference signal (RS) to the second wireless device using a transmit power based on a path loss value, wherein the path loss value is the difference between the following: A first value for the sidelink RS transmit power of each resource element, the sidelink RS transmit power being filtered when cross-sidelink RS transmission is configured using the sidelink filter; and The reference signal received power value of one or more sidelink RSs received from the second wireless device.

26. A method comprising: Receive one or more messages from the base station indicating the configuration of the side link filter and the configuration of at least one side link RS; A first sidelink transmission is transmitted to a second wireless device using a first transmit power. The first sidelink transmission includes at least one sidelink RS without a Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), wherein the first transmit power is based on a first path loss value, which is the difference between the following: - A first value for the sidelink RS transmit power of each resource element, the sidelink RS transmit power being filtered when cross-sidelink RS transmission is configured using the sidelink filter; and - The reference signal received power value of one or more side link RSs received from the second wireless device; Configuration for sending Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) to the second wireless device; A second side link transmission, including the CSI-RS with PSSCH, is transmitted to a second wireless device using a second transmit power, wherein the second transmit power is based on a second path loss value, which is the difference between the following: A second value for the PSSCH-based transmit power of each resource element, the PSSCH transmit power being filtered when cross-PSSCH transmission is configured using the side-link filter; and Reference signal received power values ​​of one or more demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) associated with PSSCH received from the second wireless device.

27. A method comprising: Receive one or more messages from the base station indicating the configuration of the side link filter and the configuration of at least one side link RS; The first sidelink transmission is transmitted to the second wireless device via the first time slot using the sidelink RS transmit power, wherein: The first side link transmission includes at least one side link RS and a physical side link control channel (PSCCH), as well as one or more first demodulation reference signals (DM-RS). The sidelink RS transmit power is based on a first path loss value, which is the difference between the following: - A first value for the sidelink RS transmit power of each resource element, the sidelink RS transmit power being filtered when cross-sidelink RS transmission is configured using the sidelink filter; and - The reference signal received power value of one or more side link RSs received from the second wireless device; Configuration for sending Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) to the second wireless device; The second-side cross-link transmission is sent to the second wireless device via the second time slot using the Physical Side Cross-Link Shared Channel (PSSCH), wherein: The second side link transmission includes a second PSCCH, a PSSCH including the CSI-RS, and one or more second DM-RS; and The PSSCH transmission power is based on a second path loss value, which is the difference between the following: A second value for the PSSCH-based transmit power of each resource element, the PSSCH transmit power being filtered when cross-PSSCH transmission is configured using the side-link filter; and The reference signal received power value of the DM-RS associated with the PSSCH received from the second wireless device.

28. A method comprising: The first wireless device receives one or more messages from the base station indicating the configuration of the side-link filter; as well as At least one sidelink reference signal (RS) is transmitted to a second wireless device using a first transmit power based on a path loss value, wherein the path loss value is based on the filtered sidelink RS transmit power for each resource element when configuring cross-sidelink RS transmission using the sidelink filter.

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