Radish factory-like hole tray substrate as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soilless culture seedling raising substrates, in particular to a radish factory-like hole tray substrate and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention relates to a radish factory-like hole tray substrate, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by volume: 30 to 50 parts of decomposed mushroom residues, 30 to 40 parts of expanded rice husks, 20 to 30 parts of gordon euryale seed shells, 10 to 15 parts of perlite, 10 to 15 parts of vermiculite, 20 to 30 parts of phosphoric acid activated coco coir and 2 to 4 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid. The invention provides a radish factory-like hole tray substrate. Agricultural waste resource utilization (composted mushroom residues, gordon euryale seed shells and expanded rice hulls), structural functionalization regulation and control (phosphoric acid activated coco coir is subjected to acid treatment and fiber microfibrillation to form a porous reticulate carrier, and a rigid framework is constructed in cooperation with 1-3mm perlite) and a biological activity synergistic technology (bacillus subtilis liquid is atomized and sprayed) are creatively integrated; and collaborative improvement of resources, structures and biological efficiency is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soilless culture seedling substrate, in particular to a radish factory plug substrate and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Radish is a biennial herbaceous plant of the family Brassicaceae, and cultivated radish is mainly divided into two types: Chinese radish and four-season radish. Yanghua radish is a small-sized radish, which is one of the four-season radishes. It is also known as cherry radish because of its appearance similar to cherry. Yanghua radish has a crisp taste and sweet flavor, a bright red skin, and a white and tender and crisp flesh. It can be eaten raw, stir-fried, pickled, and used as a side dish. The most common use is to make sugar vinegar radish, which is rich in nutrients, crisp and delicious, and can relieve alcohol and greasy. It is deeply favored by consumers. The radish leaves can also be washed, chopped, and mixed with sesame oil and soy sauce for a fresh and tender taste. Yanghua radish is widely planted and consumed in Jiangsu Province.

[0003] Traditional radish planting methods mainly rely on soil and are limited by factors such as climate and geography. The labor intensity is high, and the production efficiency is low. In recent years, with the development of facility agriculture, factory seedling technology has been gradually applied. However, the mainstream substrate is currently coconut husk-pearl rock substrate, which has weak water holding capacity and needs to be watered multiple times daily in high-temperature seasons, resulting in severe nutrient loss. Moreover, the substrate's air permeability and water retention are difficult to coordinate, and the large particle size of vermiculite and perlite leads to insufficient root-base contact, increasing the rate of flesh root branching. Therefore, a new type of factory substrate plug production method needs to be developed. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a radish factory plug substrate and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] A radish factory plug substrate comprises the following raw materials by volume: 30-50 parts of decomposed mushroom residue, 30-40 parts of expanded rice husk, 20-30 parts of gordon euryale shell, 10-15 parts of perlite, 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 20-30 parts of phosphoric acid activated coconut husk, and 2-4 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid.

[0006] A radish factory plug substrate comprises the following raw materials by volume: 40 parts of decomposed mushroom residue, 35 parts of expanded rice husk, 25 parts of gordon euryale shell, 12 parts of perlite, 12 parts of vermiculite, 25 parts of phosphoric acid activated coconut husk, and 3 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid.

[0007] The particle size of the perlite is 1-3 mm.

[0008] The phosphoric acid activated coconut husk is prepared by the following method: The coconut shell is immersed in a phosphoric acid solution, stirred at a low speed at 40-60 DEG C for 15-30 h, the pH is maintained at 1.0-1.5, adjusted to pH=6.5+ / -0.5 with deionized water, centrifuged to a water content of 35-45 wt%, fluidized bed dried to a water content of 10-12 wt%, and finally fiber reinforced.

[0009] The fiber length of the coconut shell is 3-5 cm.

[0010] The concentration of the phosphoric acid solution is 0.5 mol / L, and the pH is maintained at 1.0-1.5 by adding 0.5 mol / L phosphoric acid solution dropwise.

[0011] The mixing ratio of the coconut shell and the phosphoric acid solution is w / v=1:8.

[0012] The specific method of the fiber reinforcement is that the fiber is dissociated by a needle roller type defibrator, a pressure of 0.3 MPa is applied to make the fiber surface microfibrillated, and a porous network structure is formed.

[0013] A preparation method of a radish factory plug substrate, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: (1) primary mixing: the rotten mushroom residue, the gordon euryale shell and the expanded rice husk are put into a double-shaft mixer, and stirred for 5-15 min to preliminarily interweave the coarse fiber materials; (2) secondary mixing: the perlite and the phosphoric acid activated coconut shell are sequentially added while the equipment is running, and stirred for 5-20 min to promote the uniform dispersion of the inorganic substrate and the activated organic matter; (3) biological homogenization: the bacillus subtilis liquid is atomized and sprayed into the running mixer, and stirred at a low speed of 15 r / min for 3-10 min, and the radish factory plug substrate is obtained.

[0014] The radish factory plug substrate is applied to radish soilless cultivation seedling raising.

[0015] Due to the above technical solutions, the radish factory plug substrate has the following beneficial effects: The radish factory plug substrate provided by the application innovatively integrates agricultural waste resource utilization (rotten mushroom residue, gordon euryale shell and expanded rice husk), structural function regulation (the porous network carrier is formed by acid treatment and fiber microfibrillation of the phosphoric acid activated coconut shell, and the rigid skeleton is constructed by 1-3 mm perlite), and biological activity synergistic technology (the bacillus subtilis liquid is atomized and sprayed), so that the resources, structure and biological efficiency are synergistically improved. The substrate is activated by the coconut shell, so that the porosity is stably maintained at 67%-75%, which is beneficial to optimizing the water and gas dynamic balance and reducing the water supplement frequency and nutrient loss.

[0016] Planting experiments show that Yanghua radish has obvious advantages in single fruit weight, fruit diameter, core rate and hypocotyl development speed during 4-week seedling period, providing efficient and high-yield industrial support for radish factory soilless seedling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Figure of growth of hypocotyl of Yanghua radish planted with the plug substrate of Examples 4-6 and Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The application will be further described with reference to the examples, but the application is not limited to these examples.

[0019] Example 1: Preparation of phosphoric acid activated coconut coir 0.1 kg of coconut shell coarse coir with fiber length of 3-5 cm was immersed in 0.8 L of 0.5 mol / L phosphoric acid solution, stirred at low speed at 40°C for 30 h, and the pH was maintained at 1.0 by dropwise adding 0.5 mol / L phosphoric acid solution; the pH was adjusted to 6.5±0.5 with deionized water; centrifugal dewatering was performed with a dewatering machine until the water content was 35 wt%; then the product was input into a fluidized bed dryer, and hot air drying was performed at 45°C for 30 min, and the final water content was 10 wt%; fiber dissociation was performed by a needle roller type defibrator, and the fiber surface was microfibrillated by applying a pressure of 0.3 MPa to form a porous network structure, and the product was obtained.

[0020] Example 2: Preparation of phosphoric acid activated coconut coir 0.1 kg of coconut shell coarse coir with fiber length of 3-5 cm was immersed in 0.8 L of 0.5 mol / L phosphoric acid solution, stirred at low speed at 50°C for 20 h, and the pH was maintained at 1.2 by dropwise adding 0.5 mol / L phosphoric acid solution; the pH was adjusted to 6.5±0.5 with deionized water; centrifugal dewatering was performed with a dewatering machine until the water content was 40 wt%; then the product was input into a fluidized bed dryer, and hot air drying was performed at 45°C for 30 min, and the final water content was 11 wt%; fiber dissociation was performed by a needle roller type defibrator, and the fiber surface was microfibrillated by applying a pressure of 0.3 MPa to form a porous network structure, and the product was obtained.

[0021] Example 3: Preparation of phosphoric acid activated coconut coir 0.1 kg of coconut shell coarse coir with fiber length of 3-5 cm was immersed in 0.8 L of 0.5 mol / L phosphoric acid solution, stirred at low speed at 60°C for 15 h, and the pH was maintained at 1.5 by dropwise adding 0.5 mol / L phosphoric acid solution; the pH was adjusted to 6.5±0.5 with deionized water; centrifugal dewatering was performed with a dewatering machine until the water content was 45 wt%; then the product was input into a fluidized bed dryer, and hot air drying was performed at 45°C for 30 min, and the final water content was 12 wt%; fiber dissociation was performed by a needle roller type defibrator, and the fiber surface was microfibrillated by applying a pressure of 0.3 MPa to form a porous network structure, and the product was obtained.

[0022] Example 4 Preparation of a factory plug substrate for radish Take by volume: 3L of decomposed mushroom residue, 3L of expanded rice husk, 2L of gordon euryale shell, 1L of perlite, 1L of vermiculite, 2L of phosphoric acid activated coconut coir (prepared in Example 1), and 0.2L of bacillus subtilis liquid.

[0023] (1) Primary mixing: Put the decomposed mushroom residue, gordon euryale shell, and expanded rice husk into a double-shaft mixer, and stir at a speed of 25r / min for 5min to preliminarily interweave the coarse fiber materials; (2) Secondary mixing: Keep the equipment running, and add the perlite, vermiculite, and phosphoric acid activated coconut coir in sequence, and stir at a speed of 25r / min for 5min to promote the uniform dispersion of the inorganic substrate and activated organic matter; (3) Biological homogenization: Spray the bacillus subtilis liquid into the running mixer, and stir at a speed of 15r / min for 3min, and the porosity is 67%.

[0024] Example 5 Preparation of a factory plug substrate for radish Take by volume: 4L of decomposed mushroom residue, 3.5L of expanded rice husk, 2.5L of gordon euryale shell, 1.2L of perlite, 1.2L of vermiculite, 2.5L of phosphoric acid activated coconut coir (prepared in Example 2), and 0.3L of bacillus subtilis liquid.

[0025] (1) Primary mixing: Put the decomposed mushroom residue, gordon euryale shell, and expanded rice husk into a double-shaft mixer, and stir at a speed of 25r / min for 10min to preliminarily interweave the coarse fiber materials; (2) Secondary mixing: Keep the equipment running, and add the perlite, vermiculite, and phosphoric acid activated coconut coir in sequence, and stir at a speed of 25r / min for 10min to promote the uniform dispersion of the inorganic substrate and activated organic matter; (3) Biological homogenization: Spray the bacillus subtilis liquid into the running mixer, and stir at a speed of 15r / min for 5min, and the porosity is 75%.

[0026] Example 6 Preparation of a factory plug substrate for radish Take by volume: 5L of decomposed mushroom residue, 4L of expanded rice husk, 3L of gordon euryale shell, 1.5L of perlite, 1.5L of vermiculite, 3L of phosphoric acid activated coconut coir (prepared in Example 3), and 0.4L of bacillus subtilis liquid.

[0027] (1) Primary mixing: Put the decomposed mushroom residue, gordon euryale shell, and expanded rice husk into a double-shaft mixer, and stir at a speed of 25r / min for 15min to preliminarily interweave the coarse fiber materials; (2) Secondary mixing: Keep the equipment running, and add the perlite, vermiculite, and phosphoric acid activated coconut coir in sequence, and stir at a speed of 25r / min for 20min to promote the uniform dispersion of the inorganic substrate and activated organic matter; (3) Biological homogenization: Bacillus subtilis liquid was atomized and sprayed into the running mixer, and stirred at a low speed of 15 r / min for 10 min, to obtain a porosity of 71%.

[0028] Comparative Example 1 The preparation method of the radish factory plug substrate was basically the same as that of Example 5, except that the phosphoric acid activated coconut husk was replaced by the same weight of unactivated coconut husk coarse bark with a fiber length of 3-5 cm.

[0029] Comparative Example 2 The preparation method of the radish factory plug substrate was basically the same as that of Example 5, except that the 1-3 mm perlite was replaced by the same weight of 3-5 mm perlite.

[0030] The particle size range of the rotten mushroom residue used in the present application was 1-5 mm, the particle size range of the expanded rice husk was 1-3 mm, the particle size range of the gordon euryale shell was 1-4 mm, the particle size range of the perlite was 1-3 mm; the particle size range of the vermiculite was 2-4 mm; the preparation of Bacillus subtilis liquid: 1 g of Bacillus subtilis (200 billion viable bacteria per gram) was diluted with 700 g of water to obtain.

[0031] Application Example: On September 10, 2024, different radish seeds were surface sterilized with 10 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 min, treated in warm water at 55°C for 15 min, then soaked in warm water at 30°C for 8 h, and then dried and sown in 50-hole plug trays filled with the cultivation substrates of Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples (50 seeds were planted in each group, and the average value was calculated); During the seedling growth period, each treatment was evenly sprayed with a watering can filled with water at 9:00 on sunny days, and the water was allowed to flow out from the bottom of the plug tray; Hoogland nutrient solution (0.5 times working solution 250 ml / tray) was supplemented during the period; After the plants grew for 4 weeks, the substrate around the roots of the seedlings was washed clean with clean water, the growth indicators of the plants were measured, and the growth of different biological cultivation substrates and radishes was analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0032] Table 1 Radish Growth Indicators

[0033] As can be seen from Table 1, the Yanghua radish of the example has the best growth, and its plant height, aboveground fresh weight, fruit diameter and single fruit weight are significantly higher than those of other varieties and the Yanghua radish of the comparative example, and the fruit color is light red, and the leaves are also edible, which is suitable for factory growth of radish varieties; the cultivation substrate of the present application has a significant advantage for the growth of Yanghua radish.

[0034] Figure 1The growth of hypocotyls of flowering radish planted with the plug substrate of Examples 4-6 and Comparative Example 1 is shown in the picture, and the observation time is 48 h after planting, Figure 1 The plug substrates used from left to right are Comparative Example 1, Example 4, Example 5, and Example 6. As can be seen from the picture, the radish hypocotyls planted with the plug substrates of the present application are longer, indicating that they can absorb more nutrients and grow faster.

[0035] The above description is only preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application; but for ordinary skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of the present application, some changes, modifications and equivalent variations made by using the above disclosed technical content are equivalent embodiments of the present application; at the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolution of the above embodiments according to the essential technology of the present application are still within the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A radish factory potting plug substrate, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following volume parts: rotten mushroom residue: 30-50 parts, expanded rice husk: 30-40 parts, gordon euryale shell: 20-30 parts, perlite: 10-15 parts, vermiculite: 10-15 parts, phosphoric acid activated coconut coir: 20-30 parts, bacillus subtilis liquid: 2-4 parts.

2. A radish factory hole disc matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following volume parts: rotten mushroom residue: 40 parts, expanded rice husk: 35 parts, gordon euryale shell: 25 parts, perlite: 12 parts, vermiculite: 12 parts, phosphoric acid activated coconut coir: 25 parts, bacillus subtilis liquid: 3 parts.

3. A radish factory hole disc matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the perlite is 1-3 mm.

4. The radish factory hole disc matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phosphoric acid activated coconut coir is prepared by the following method: The coconut coir is immersed in a phosphoric acid solution, stirred at a low speed at 40-60 DEG C for 15-30 h, the pH is maintained at 1.0-1.5, the pH is adjusted to 6.5+ / -0.5 with deionized water, centrifugal dewatering is performed to obtain a water content of 35-45 wt%, fluidized bed drying is performed to obtain a water content of 10-12 wt%, and finally fiber strengthening is performed.

5. A radish factory hole disc matrix according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fiber length of the coconut coir is 3-5 cm.

6. A radish factory hole disc matrix according to claim 4, characterized in that, The concentration of the phosphoric acid solution is 0.5 mol / L, and the pH is maintained at 1.0-1.5 by dropwise adding a 0.5 mol / L phosphoric acid solution.

7. A radish factory hole disc matrix according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mixing ratio of the coconut coir and the phosphoric acid solution is w / v=1:

8.

8. A radish factory hole disc matrix according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific method of the fiber strengthening is that fiber dissociation is performed by a needle roller type defibrator, a pressure of 0.3 MPa is applied to make the fiber surface microfibrillated, and a porous network structure is formed.

9. A method of preparing a radish factory plug substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: (1) primary mixing: the rotten mushroom residue, gordon euryale shell and expanded rice husk are put into a double-shaft mixer, and stirred for 5-15 min to preliminarily interweave the coarse fiber materials; (2) secondary mixing: the equipment is kept running, the perlite and the phosphoric acid activated coconut coir are sequentially added, and stirred for 5-20 min to promote uniform dispersion of the inorganic matrix and the activated organic matter; (3) biological homogenization: the bacillus subtilis liquid is atomized and sprayed into the running mixer, and stirred at a low speed of 15 r / min for 3-10 min, and the method is completed.

10. Application of the radish factory plug substrate in radish soilless cultivation seedling raising according to any one of claims 1-8.

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