Supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm device

Abstract

The invention discloses a supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm device which comprises a boiler and a combustion alarm structure, the combustion alarm structure is installed on the inner side of the boiler, and the combustion alarm structure comprises a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an air volume sensor, a water level detector and a UV flame scanner; the invention relates to the technical field of boilers, an efficient closed-loop control system is formed through cooperative work of an inflation regulation and control structure fed back and driven by a flue gas analyzer and a pressure difference regulation and control structure with the dynamic buffering capacity, the combustion efficiency can be greatly optimized, emission can be greatly reduced, pressure fluctuation can be effectively restrained, and the stability of system operation can be effectively improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of boilers, in particular to a supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm device. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core equipment of modern thermal power generation, the operation efficiency and safety of supercritical coal-fired boilers are of great importance. However, there are still many problems in the existing boiler monitoring and safety systems that need to be solved.

[0003] Firstly, the traditional boiler alarm device has a single monitoring dimension, usually only a few parameters such as pressure and temperature are independently monitored, and there is a lack of collaborative analysis and comprehensive judgment of multiple parameters such as combustion state (such as flame stability, air volume ratio), water level, and flue gas composition. This leads to the system being unable to timely detect complex fault hazards such as "flameout" and "inefficient air distribution", resulting in insufficient accuracy and timeliness of the alarm.

[0004] Secondly, in terms of combustion regulation, the existing devices often have low automation or only simple on-off control, and cannot achieve precise closed-loop regulation. For example, the oxygen supplement relies on manual experience or simple proportional regulation, and cannot be linked with real-time flue gas composition (such as O2 and CO content) and flame state, resulting in the combustion efficiency not being able to remain in the optimal range at all times, causing fuel waste and increasing pollutant emissions.

[0005] Thirdly, the stability of the internal pressure of the boiler is crucial for safe operation. The existing pressure regulation devices mostly use simple pressure relief valves, which have a lagging response and lack effective buffering and dynamic balancing capabilities when the pressure fluctuates, easily causing severe oscillation of the system pressure, threatening the service life and safety of the equipment.

[0006] In addition, the maintenance of the water level in the heating chamber mostly uses a mechanical structure with a separate electric pump and a float valve, which has a slow response speed and poor reliability in high-temperature and high-pressure environments, and has the risk of jamming or failure, which cannot meet the stringent requirements for water level stability under supercritical conditions. In view of this, the present application is developed based on in-depth research into the above problems. SUMMARY

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the technical solution of the present application is as follows: a supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm device, comprising a boiler and a combustion alarm structure, the combustion alarm structure is installed on the inner side of the boiler, the combustion alarm structure comprises a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an air volume sensor, a water level detector, and a UV flame scanner. The boiler comprises a combustion chamber and a heating chamber, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the water level detector are installed inside the heating chamber, the air volume sensor and the UV flame scanner are installed inside the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is provided with a combustion adjusting structure, the combustion adjusting structure comprises a pair of differential pressure regulating boxes and a pair of air charging regulating boxes, one of the pair of differential pressure regulating boxes is installed on each side of the boiler, a differential pressure regulating valve is installed on each differential pressure regulating box, the differential pressure regulating valve is connected to the combustion chamber, a differential pressure regulating plate is installed inside each differential pressure regulating box, two pairs of lifting sleeves are installed on each differential pressure regulating box, two pairs of lifting limit shafts are installed on the differential pressure regulating plate, a lifting extrusion disc is installed on each lifting limit shaft, a buffer spring column is installed between each lifting sleeve and the lifting extrusion disc, one of the pair of air charging regulating boxes is installed on each side of the combustion chamber, an air charging hydraulic push rod is installed inside each air charging regulating box, an air charging extrusion plate is installed on the pushing end of the air charging hydraulic push rod, and three valves are installed on the air charging regulating box and the combustion chamber.

[0008] Preferably, a water level replenisher is installed inside the heating chamber, the water level replenisher comprises a shielding plate and a liquid replenishing tank, a drainage pipe is installed on the liquid replenishing tank and the heating chamber, a pair of overturning bearing blocks are installed inside the combustion chamber, a pair of overturning shafts are installed on the shielding plate, one of the pair of overturning shafts is movably inserted into the inside of one of the pair of overturning bearing blocks, a shielding rubber ring is installed on the shielding plate, a lifting pulley block is installed inside the combustion chamber, a lifting tensile rope is installed inside the lifting pulley block, the lifting tensile rope is connected to the shielding plate, and a floating ball is installed on the lifting tensile rope.

[0009] Preferably, a central controller is installed on the boiler, the central controller is signal connected to the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the air volume sensor, the water level detector, the UV flame scanner and the air charging hydraulic push rod respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the combustion chamber is also connected to a flue gas analyzer for detecting the oxygen and carbon monoxide content in the flue gas, and the flue gas analyzer is signal connected to the central controller.

[0011] Preferably, a safety pressure relief valve is arranged on the top of the differential pressure regulating box, and the buffer spring column is a spring column with adjustable pre-tightening force.

[0012] Preferably, a remote monitoring terminal is installed on the boiler, and the remote monitoring terminal is connected to the central controller through a communication module.

[0013] Preferably, the differential pressure regulating valve is an electrically adjusted valve and is signal connected to the central controller, and is used for dynamically adjusting the opening degree according to the pressure change of the combustion chamber.

[0014] Preferably, the lifting tension rope is made of high-temperature resistant steel wire rope, and the floating ball is made of high-temperature resistant buoyancy material.

[0015] Preferably, the three valves are three-way solenoid valves used to control the gas flow direction between the inflation control box and the combustion chamber.

[0016] Preferably, the central controller is also connected to a data storage module.

[0017] The supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm device manufactured using the technical solution of this invention forms a highly efficient closed-loop control system through the coordinated operation of an air-charging regulation structure driven by feedback from a flue gas analyzer and a differential pressure regulation structure with dynamic buffering capabilities. This system not only significantly optimizes combustion efficiency and reduces emissions but also effectively suppresses pressure fluctuations and enhances system stability. Simultaneously, its ingeniously designed mechanical automatic water level compensation mechanism offers rapid response and high reliability, ensuring stable water levels. Furthermore, the device's reserved remote monitoring interface supports centralized and intelligent operation and maintenance management, ultimately achieving multiple significant advantages including safety, efficiency, stability, intelligence, and ease of maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm device according to the present invention.

[0019] Fig. 2 This is a side view of the combustion alarm device for a supercritical coal-fired boiler according to the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Boiler; 2. Combustion chamber; 3. Heating chamber; 4. Differential pressure control box; 5. Gas filling control box; 6. Differential pressure control valve; 7. Differential pressure control plate; 8. Lifting sleeve; 9. Lifting limit shaft; 10. Lifting extrusion disc; 11. Buffer spring column; 12. Gas filling hydraulic push rod; 13. Gas filling extrusion plate; 14. Three-way valve; 15. Liquid replenishment tank; 16. Baffle plate; 17. Tilting bearing block; 18. Tilting shaft; 19. Baffle rubber ring; 20. Lifting tension rope; 21. Float; 22. Lifting pulley block. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will know that all electrical components in this invention are connected to their compatible power supplies via wires. Appropriate controllers and encoders should be selected according to the actual situation to meet control requirements. The specific connection and control sequence should refer to the working principle described below, where the electrical components are connected in the order of operation. The detailed connection methods are well-known in the art. The following mainly introduces the working principle and process, and will not describe the electrical control further.

[0022] Embodiments: Please refer to Figs. 1-2 , the traditional alarm device monitoring dimension single, lack of pressure, temperature, water level, air volume and flame state and other multi-parameter collaborative analysis and comprehensive judgment, resulting in the early warning ability of complex failure is insufficient; At the same time, the combustion regulation automation degree is low, oxygen supplement can't form intelligent closed loop linkage with real-time flue gas composition and flame state, resulting in low combustion efficiency and high pollutant emission; In addition, the pressure regulation depends on the strong hysteresis of simple pressure relief valve, lack of effective dynamic buffer and balance mechanism, easy to cause system pressure shock, threaten safety; And the water level maintaining mechanism of heating chamber 3 has poor reliability and slow response under high temperature and high pressure; Finally, the existing system generally runs independently, lacks remote intelligent operation and maintenance support, and it is difficult to realize predictive maintenance; Therefore, the present application protects a supercritical coal-fired boiler 1 combustion alarm device, which adjusts the extension of the inflation hydraulic push rod 12 inside the inflation control box 5, drives the inflation hydraulic push rod 12 to push the inflation extrusion plate 13 on the end, and stabilizes the lifting of the inflation extrusion plate 13. The inflation extrusion plate 13 extrudes the gas inside the inflation control box 5 to the inside of the combustion chamber 2, and the oxygen inflation is supplemented by the inflation control box 5. The high-pressure expansion generated by the combustion in the combustion chamber 2 is introduced to the inside of the differential pressure control box 4, and the differential pressure control plate 7 is stabilized and lifted along the inside of the differential pressure control box 4 through the change of air pressure. The two pairs of lifting limit shafts 9 are stabilized and lifted by the differential pressure control plate 7, so that the two pairs of lifting limit shafts 9 are stabilized and lifted along the inside of the two pairs of lifting sleeves 8. At the same time, the lifting extrusion disc 10 on the lifting limit shaft 9 is stabilized and lifted, and the buffer spring column 11 on the lifting extrusion disc 10 is lifted and buffered, so as to control the pressure generated by the combustion chamber 2. At the same time, the liquid level inside the heating chamber 3 drives the floating ball 21 on it to be stabilized and lifted, and the lifting and stretching rope 20 is driven by the floating ball 21 on it, and the lifting and stretching rope 20 is driven by the lifting and stretching rope 20 on it along the lifting pulley group 22, so as to drive the shielding plate 16 on it, and the shielding plate 16 is stabilized and rotated along the overturning shaft 18, so as to leak the drainage pipe, and the liquid inside the heating tank is supplemented by siphon; In summary, the key parameters of the boiler 1 operation are continuously collected through the pressure, temperature, and water level sensors in the heating chamber 3, as well as the air volume sensor and UV flame scanner in the combustion chamber 2. All sensor data are transmitted to the central controller for centralized processing and analysis. Once any parameter exceeds the safety threshold or the flame is detected to be extinguished, the controller will immediately trigger an alarm. Based on the monitoring and alarm, the system realizes active closed-loop control through the combustion adjustment structure. To optimize combustion, the central controller drives the air-filling hydraulic push rod 12 in the air-filling control box 5 according to the signals of the air volume and UV flame scanner, and pushes the air-filling pressing plate 13 to accurately inject supplemental oxygen into the combustion chamber 2. Furthermore, the system monitors the flue gas composition through the flue gas analyzer and dynamically adjusts the air-filling strategy to optimize the combustion efficiency. At the same time, to maintain stable system pressure, the high-pressure flue gas generated by combustion is introduced into the differential pressure control box 4 on both sides through the differential pressure control valve 6, which pushes the differential pressure control plate 7 to compress the buffer spring column 11 for energy storage and buffering. When the pressure fluctuates, the spring force and gas pressure dynamically balance, and the pressure is passively adjusted through the lifting of the control plate. The safety relief valve at the top provides the final overpressure protection. For the water level in the heating chamber 3, the system adopts a mechanical automatic compensation mechanism: the water level change drives the floating ball 21 to rise and fall, which through the high-temperature-resistant steel wire rope and lifting pulley set 22 pulls the shutter plate 16 to rotate around the turning shaft 18, thereby opening or closing the drain pipe opening. The system automatically supplements the working medium from the liquid supplement tank 15 using the siphon effect, ensuring the stability of the water level.

[0023] The above technical solutions only embody the preferred technical solutions of the present application, and some variations of certain parts made by those skilled in the art also embody the principles of the present application and are within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm device, characterized by, The boiler comprises a combustion chamber and a heating chamber, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the water level detector are installed inside the heating chamber, the air volume sensor and the UV flame scanner are installed inside the combustion chamber, the inside of the combustion chamber is provided with a combustion adjusting structure, the combustion adjusting structure comprises a pair of differential pressure regulating boxes and a pair of air charging regulating boxes, a pair of the differential pressure regulating boxes are respectively installed on two sides of the boiler, a differential pressure regulating valve is installed on each of the differential pressure regulating boxes and connected to the combustion chamber, a differential pressure regulating plate is installed inside each of the differential pressure regulating boxes, two pairs of lifting sleeves are installed on the differential pressure regulating boxes, two pairs of lifting limit shafts are installed on the differential pressure regulating plate, lifting extrusion discs are installed on the lifting limit shafts, buffer spring columns are installed between the lifting sleeves and the lifting extrusion discs, a pair of the air charging regulating boxes are respectively installed on two sides of the combustion chamber, air charging hydraulic push rods are installed inside the air charging regulating boxes, air charging extrusion plates are installed on the pushing ends of the air charging hydraulic push rods, and three valves are installed on the air charging regulating boxes and the combustion chamber. A water level replenisher is installed inside the heating chamber, the water level replenisher comprises a shielding plate and a liquid replenishing tank, a drainage pipe is installed on the liquid replenishing tank and the heating chamber, a pair of overturning bearing blocks are installed inside the combustion chamber, a pair of overturning shafts are installed on the shielding plate, a pair of the overturning shafts are respectively movably inserted into the inside of a pair of the overturning bearing blocks, a shielding rubber ring is installed on the shielding plate, a lifting pulley block is installed inside the combustion chamber, a lifting stretching rope is installed inside the lifting pulley block, the lifting stretching rope is connected to the shielding plate, and a floating ball is installed on the lifting stretching rope.

2. A supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A central controller is installed on the boiler and signal connected to the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the air volume sensor, the water level detector, the UV flame scanner and the air charging hydraulic push rod.

3. A supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm device according to claim 2, wherein The combustion chamber is also connected to a flue gas analyzer for detecting the oxygen and carbon monoxide content in the flue gas, and the flue gas analyzer is signal connected to the central controller.

4. A supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the differential pressure regulating box is provided with a safety pressure relief valve, and the buffer spring column is a spring column with adjustable pre-tightening force.

5. A supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm device according to claim 4, wherein A remote monitoring terminal is installed on the boiler and connected to the central controller through a communication module.

6. A supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm device according to claim 5, wherein The differential pressure regulating valve is an electric regulating valve and signal connected to the central controller for dynamically adjusting the opening degree according to the pressure change of the combustion chamber.

7. A supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The lifting stretching rope is made of high-temperature resistant steel wire rope, and the floating ball is made of high-temperature resistant buoyancy material.

8. A supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The three valves are three-way electromagnetic valves for controlling the gas flow between the air charging regulating box and the combustion chamber.

9. A supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The central controller is also connected to a data storage module.

10. A supercritical coal-fired boiler combustion alarm apparatus according to claim 1, wherein ​

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