Method and system for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severe saline-alkali soil habitat
By employing a three-dimensional, layered salt removal, soil improvement, and intelligent water and fertilizer regulation approach, the problems of low salt removal efficiency and insufficient soil structure optimization in the remediation of severely saline-alkali land have been solved, achieving synergistic benefits between efficient soil remediation and agricultural production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202512031285.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-20
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for the remediation of severely saline-alkali land suffer from problems such as low salt removal efficiency, poor soil structure optimization, and insufficient biological synergistic regulation, resulting in low desalination efficiency of the topsoil, long soil maturation cycle, and uncoordinated ecological and economic benefits.
Multi-source physical detection equipment is used for targeted soil layer diagnosis to construct a three-dimensional layered salt removal system. This system is combined with vibration-based ultra-deep loosening and humic acid-phosphogypsum composite soil conditioner to improve the soil. It is also paired with an intelligent drip irrigation system and salt-tolerant crops treated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to achieve dynamic water and fertilizer regulation.
It significantly improved the desalination efficiency of the topsoil, shortened the soil maturation cycle, increased the emergence rate and nutrient utilization rate of salt-tolerant crops, and achieved synergistic benefits between ecological restoration and agricultural output.
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Figure CN121694083A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of saline-alkali land habitat restoration and suitable planting technology, specifically to a method and system for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitats. Background Technology
[0002] The technology for habitat restoration and suitable planting in severely saline-alkali land is a specialized technology used to manage highly saline and alkaline land with a soil salinity of 5‰-20‰, and to achieve land ecological restoration and agricultural utilization. It typically integrates multiple measures such as engineering desalination, soil improvement, and biological regulation. By specifically improving soil structure and root zone environment, it meets the needs of ecological restoration and agricultural production in severely saline-alkali areas such as coastal and inland areas, aiming to improve the utilization efficiency and comprehensive benefits of saline-alkali land.
[0003] For example, application number "CN201810007179.1" discloses an engineering improvement and ecological construction method for severely saline-alkali land with sticky soil. By laying a buried pipe salt drainage system, deep loosening to break up the sticky layer, applying gypsum and rotary tilling to mix it, and combining it with salt-tolerant plants for ridging and planting, it breaks through the limitation of the long improvement cycle of traditional single measures and achieves preliminary treatment of severely saline-alkali land with sticky soil to a certain extent. However, existing technologies for remediating severely saline-alkali land still have several significant shortcomings: First, the salt drainage system lacks a layered and targeted design, relying mostly on single underground pipes or open ditches for drainage, making it difficult to overcome the problem of salt migration blockage in the clay layer, resulting in low desalination efficiency and easy salt return in the topsoil; Second, soil improvement is mostly a simple combination of chemical amendments and shallow tillage, which does not sufficiently break up the clay layer, resulting in poor soil structure optimization and slow fertility recovery; Third, the biological synergy process lacks precise regulation, failing to dynamically optimize the root zone microenvironment according to the crop growth period, leading to low emergence rate and nutrient utilization rate of salt-tolerant crops, long maturation period of the improved soil, and insufficient synergy between ecological and economic benefits. These shortcomings restrict the practicality and comprehensive benefits of severely saline-alkali land remediation technologies and urgently need improvement. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitats, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0006] A method for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitats includes the following steps;
[0007] S1. Targeted soil layer diagnosis is performed on severely saline-alkali plots using multi-source physical detection equipment and water-salt sensor arrays to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the clay layer in severely saline-alkali plots;
[0008] S2. Based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the clay layer, a three-dimensional layered desalination system is constructed for severely saline-alkali land, and soil desalination treatment is carried out on the severely saline-alkali land through the three-dimensional layered desalination system to obtain desalinated land in the topsoil. The three-dimensional layered desalination system includes a straw blind ditch desalination system, a submerged pipe drainage network, and a sand hole infiltration enhancement structure.
[0009] S3. Vibratory ultra-deep tillage equipment is used to break up the clay layer of the topsoil in the desalinated land. At the same time, humic acid phosphogypsum composite conditioner and decomposed organic fertilizer are injected into the soil of the topsoil in the desalinated land. After rotary tillage and mixing, the soil is reconstructed.
[0010] S4. Salt-tolerant crops coated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were sown on soil reconstructed plots with intelligent drip irrigation systems, and the intelligent drip irrigation system was used to implement integrated dynamic regulation of water and fertilizer agents and seedling dilution of salt-soluble microbial solution for root irrigation after sowing.
[0011] Preferably, the method for targeted diagnosis of soil layers is as follows:
[0012] Multi-source physical detection equipment, including vehicle-mounted ground-penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction device, was used to perform grid-based scanning of severely saline-alkali land to obtain soil layer basic structure data. At the same time, water and salt sensor arrays were deployed in the 0-100 cm soil layer of the severely saline-alkali land at soil depths of 0 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm and 100 cm to collect soil monitoring data. The soil monitoring data included the water content and pH value at each soil depth.
[0013] Soil foundation structure data and soil monitoring data were imported into 3D modeling software, and a 3D profile model of the 0-100 cm soil layer of a severely saline-alkali land was constructed using the Kriging interpolation algorithm. Based on this, the salt-conducting weak zone, the top interface of the clay layer, and the bottom interface of the clay layer in the 3D profile model of the 0-100 cm soil layer were extracted to form the spatial distribution characteristics of the clay layer including the salt-conducting weak zone, the top interface of the clay layer, and the bottom interface of the clay layer.
[0014] Preferably, the straw blind drains of the straw blind drain desalination system are laid at the top interface of the clay layer, and the spacing between the straw blind drains is 4-10 m; the straw blind drains are made of either reed straw or rice straw, with a straw compression density of 0.75-0.85 g / cm³, and the diameter of the straw blind drains is 18-22 cm.
[0015] Preferably, the underground pipes of the underground pipe drainage network are laid at the bottom interface of the clay layer, and the spacing between the underground pipes is 8-14 m; the opening ratio of the underground pipes is 2.5-3.5%, the inner diameter of the underground pipes is 7-9 cm, and the end of the underground pipes is connected to a drainage ditch with a depth of 2.0-2.5 m.
[0016] Preferably, the sand holes of the sand-permeability enhancement structure are opened on the surface of the salt-conducting weak zone, and the sand holes are filled with quartz sand with a particle size of 0.4-1.2 mm; the diameter of the sand holes is 4-6 cm, the depth is 25-35 cm, and the density is 18-22 holes / m².
[0017] Preferably, the method for soil desalination is as follows: rinsing water is uniformly poured onto the surface of the severely saline-alkali land plot to construct a three-dimensional layered desalination system. The rinsing water volume is 30-40 m³ / acre. The rinsing water quickly infiltrates sequentially through sand holes to the topsoil and clay layers of the severely saline-alkali land plot. After fully absorbing free sodium ions in the topsoil layer through straw blind ditches, gravity drainage is achieved through underground pipes in the underground pipe drainage network.
[0018] Preferably, the vibratory ultra-deep tillage machine has an operating depth of 60-70 cm and a vibration frequency of 28-32 Hz; the humic acid phosphogypsum composite amendment is composed of humic acid, phosphogypsum and biochar in a mass ratio of (55-65):(80-90):20, and the application rate of the humic acid phosphogypsum composite amendment is 0.9-1.1 tons per mu; the decomposed organic fertilizer is made by mixing and decomposing cow and sheep manure and mushroom residue in a weight ratio of 7:3, and the application rate of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 1.8-2.2 tons per mu.
[0019] Preferably, the intelligent drip irrigation system includes drip tape, a root zone EC sensor, and a control terminal. The drip tape has a dripper spacing of 30 cm and a dripper flow rate of 2.2 L / h, and is used to deliver water and fertilizer. The root zone EC sensor is buried 20 cm deep in the root zone soil of the salt-tolerant crop and is used to monitor the EC value of the root zone soil. The control terminal can receive the root zone soil EC value from the root zone EC sensor and automatically adjust the water and fertilizer delivery rate. The integrated dynamic regulation of water and fertilizer dynamically adjusts the root zone soil EC value according to the growth stage of the salt-tolerant crop, which includes the seedling stage, flowering stage, and maturity stage. Specifically, the root zone soil EC value during the seedling stage is ≤2.2 dS / m, during the flowering stage it is ≤3.5 dS / m, and during the maturity stage it is ≤4.0 dS / m.
[0020] Preferably, the integrated water and fertilizer dynamically regulated water and fertilizer agent is formulated by compounding irrigation water, humic acid phosphorus solubilizer, silicon and potassium mineral salts, and salt-tolerant bacteria agent according to the differentiated growth stages of salt-tolerant crops. The specific compounding method is as follows:
[0021] (1) Seedling stage: 30-35 m per mu 3Based on irrigation water, add 1.5-1.8 kg of humic acid phosphorus solubilizer, 0.8-1.0 kg of silicon-potassium mineral salt and 0.3-0.4 kg of salt-tolerant bacteria agent, and control the EC value of the water-fertilizer at 1.8-2.0 dS / m to meet the needs of salt-tolerant crop seedlings for salt resistance, germination promotion and root development.
[0022] (2) Flowering period: Based on 35-40 m³ of irrigation water per mu, compound 2.0-2.3 kg of humic acid phosphorus solubilizer, 1.2-1.5 kg of silicon potassium mineral salt and 0.5-0.6 kg of salt-tolerant bacteria agent, and control the EC value of the water and fertilizer agent at 3.0-3.2 dS / m to ensure the development of flower organs and fruit setting requirements of salt-tolerant crops;
[0023] (3) Maturity period: 25-30 m² per mu 3 Based on irrigation water, add 0.5-0.8 kg of humic acid phosphorus solubilizer and 1.5-1.8 kg of silicon-potassium mineral salt, stop adding salt-tolerant bacteria, and control the EC value of the irrigation solution at 3.6-3.8 dS / m to promote nutrient accumulation in salt-tolerant crops;
[0024] Among them, the humic acid phosphorus solubilizer has a solubility rate of ≥90%, the SiO2 content in the silicon-potassium mineral salt is ≥50% and the K2O content is ≥30%, and the salt-tolerant bacterial agent has a viable count of ≥2×10⁻⁶. 10 Salt-resistant Bacillus inoculum agent with CFU / g;
[0025] The saline microbial solution is prepared by mixing *Pseudomonas putida* and *Bacillus subtilis* at a volume ratio of 1:1, and the total number of viable bacteria in the saline microbial solution is ≥5×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL.
[0026] Preferably, the salt-soluble microbial solution for seedling root irrigation involves diluting the solution 200 times with irrigation water and then applying it to the roots of salt-tolerant seedlings using an intelligent drip irrigation system.
[0027] Preferably, the number of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores attached to the surface of the salt-tolerant crop treated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus coating is not less than 200; the planting mode of the salt-tolerant crop is one of intercropping of oilseed soybean and forage corn at a row ratio of 2:1 and rotation of chickpea and okra, and the seedlings of the salt-tolerant crop need to be foliar sprayed with 0.1 mmol / L salicylic acid.
[0028] Preferably, a rapid restoration and suitable planting system for severely saline-alkali land habitats, comprising a method for achieving rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitats, including:
[0029] The diagnostic module is used to conduct targeted soil layer diagnosis of severely saline-alkali land. The diagnostic module includes a vehicle-mounted ground-penetrating radar, an electromagnetic induction instrument, a water-salt sensor array, and a 3D modeling terminal. The vehicle-mounted ground-penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction instrument are used to perform grid-based scanning of severely saline-alkali land to obtain soil basic structure data. The water-salt sensor array is used to collect soil moisture content and pH data at different soil depths. The 3D modeling terminal is used to import soil basic structure data, soil moisture content and pH data, and construct a 3D profile model of the soil layer using the Kriging interpolation algorithm to extract the spatial distribution characteristics of the clay layer.
[0030] The desalination module is used to construct a three-dimensional layered desalination system and implement soil desalination treatment to obtain desalinated plots in the topsoil. The desalination module includes a straw blind ditch laying machine, a culvert laying machine, a spiral sand hole drill, and a drainage pump. The straw blind ditch laying machine is used to lay straw blind ditches at the top interface of the clay layer, the culvert laying machine is used to lay culverts at the bottom interface of the clay layer and connect them to the drainage ditch, the spiral sand hole drill is used to open sand holes on the surface of the ground in the salt-conducting weak area and fill them with quartz sand, and the drainage pump is used to realize the directional pumping of salt water through the culvert drainage network.
[0031] The soil reconstruction module is used to complete the breaking up of the clay layer and the reconstruction of fertility in the desalination plot. The soil reconstruction module includes a vibratory ultra-deep tillage machine, a quantitative injection device for soil conditioner, and a rotary tiller. The vibratory ultra-deep tillage machine is used to break up the clay layer to a depth of 60-70 cm. The quantitative injection device for soil conditioner is equipped on the vibratory ultra-deep tillage machine and is used to accurately inject humic acid phosphogypsum composite conditioner into the soil during the clay layer breaking up operation. The rotary tiller is used to mix the decomposed organic fertilizer, humic acid phosphogypsum composite conditioner, and soil by rotary tillage.
[0032] The planting control module is used to complete the planting of salt-tolerant crops and the regulation of water, fertilizer and microorganisms throughout the entire growth period. The planting control module includes an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus coating machine, an intelligent drip irrigation system and a salicylic acid spraying device. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus coating machine is used to coat the seeds of salt-tolerant crops with mycorrhizal fungi. The intelligent drip irrigation system is used to deliver differentiated water and fertilizer agents and dynamically regulate the EC value of the root zone soil. It is also used to carry out root irrigation with diluted salt-soluble microbial inoculum during the seedling stage of salt-tolerant crops. The salicylic acid spraying device is used to spray 0.1 mmol / L salicylic acid solution during the seedling stage of salt-tolerant crops.
[0033] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the technical progress achieved by this invention compared to the prior art is as follows:
[0034] 1. This invention constructs a three-dimensional layered salt removal system consisting of straw blind ditches, underground pipes, and sand holes. Straw blind ditches are targeted and laid at the top interface of the clay layer to adsorb sodium ions, underground pipes are set at the bottom interface of the clay layer for directional drainage, and sand holes focus on the weak salt-conducting areas to accelerate leaching. This significantly improves the desalination efficiency of the topsoil layer and reduces salt backflow, solving the defects of traditional salt removal systems, such as low efficiency and easy salt return.
[0035] 2. This invention achieves synergistic effects of clay layer crushing and fertility reconstruction. It uses a vibratory ultra-deep loosening method with a depth of 60-70 cm and a frequency of 28-32 Hz to precisely crush the clay layer. At the same time, it injects a humic acid phosphogypsum composite conditioner and spreads well-rotted organic fertilizer, which not only optimizes the soil structure but also rapidly increases organic matter and readily available nutrients, shortening the soil maturation cycle.
[0036] 3. This invention establishes a precise regulation mechanism for crop growth stages. By using an intelligent drip irrigation system to differentiate the water and fertilizer ratio and the EC value of the root zone according to the seedling, flowering, and maturity stages, and combining it with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal coating and root irrigation with soluble salt solution during the seedling stage, the emergence rate and nutrient utilization rate of salt-tolerant crops are improved, achieving synergy between ecological restoration and agricultural output, and making up for the shortcomings of traditional technologies in terms of ecological and economic benefits imbalance. Attached Figure Description
[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.
[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention.
[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the technical model of the present invention.
[0040] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the salt content of the topsoil and the seedling emergence rate in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0041] Figure 4 This is a comparison diagram of the soil remediation effects of an embodiment of the present invention.
[0042] Figure 5 This is a comparison diagram of soil enzyme activity in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0043] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of carbon accumulation in microbial residues according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0044] Figure 7 This is a crop yield comparison chart based on an embodiment of the present invention.
[0045] Figure 8This is a comparative diagram of nutrient utilization in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0046] Figure 9 This is a comparison chart of the economic benefits of embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0048] Examples, such as Figure 1 The method for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitats includes the following steps:
[0049] S1. Targeted soil layer diagnosis is performed on severely saline-alkali plots using multi-source physical detection equipment and water-salt sensor arrays to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the clay layer in severely saline-alkali plots;
[0050] S2. Based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the clay layer, a three-dimensional layered desalination system is constructed for severely saline-alkali land, and soil desalination treatment is carried out on the severely saline-alkali land through the three-dimensional layered desalination system to obtain desalinated land in the topsoil. The three-dimensional layered desalination system includes a straw blind ditch desalination system, a submerged pipe drainage network, and a sand hole infiltration enhancement structure.
[0051] S3. Vibratory ultra-deep tillage equipment is used to break up the clay layer of the topsoil in the desalinated land. At the same time, humic acid phosphogypsum composite conditioner and decomposed organic fertilizer are injected into the soil of the topsoil in the desalinated land. After rotary tillage and mixing, the soil is reconstructed.
[0052] S4. Salt-tolerant crops coated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were sown on soil reconstructed plots with intelligent drip irrigation systems, and the intelligent drip irrigation system was used to implement integrated dynamic regulation of water and fertilizer agents and seedling dilution of salt-soluble microbial solution for root irrigation after sowing.
[0053] Furthermore, the working principle of the present invention will be illustrated below through embodiments:
[0054] This embodiment uses Lijin Bohai Farm in Dongying City, Shandong Province as the experimental site. The farm area is a typical coastal severely saline-alkali land, belonging to the Yellow River Delta alluvial plain, with a groundwater level of 1.2-1.5 m and groundwater mineralization of 12-18 g / L. Before the experiment, the average salt content of the 0-100 cm topsoil layer was measured to be 4.8‰, pH value 8.5, and organic matter content 0.65%. The clay layer was concentrated at a depth of 40-80 cm, and the weak salt-conducting area was mainly located in the northeast of the farm, accounting for about 15% of the total area.
[0055] This experiment consisted of one implementation group and two comparative groups. The implementation group used the method of this invention, and the test plot area of the implementation group was 500 m². 2 (25m × 20m), with 1m isolation ditches between experimental plots. The experimental period was from April to October 2024, covering the entire growth period of the salt-tolerant crops. The experimental materials were as follows: salt-tolerant crops were oilseed soybean and forage corn, intercropped at a row ratio of 2:1; the humic acid phosphorus solubilizer had a solubility rate of 92%; the potassium silicate mineral salt contained 52% SiO2 and 31% K2O; and the viable count of the salt-tolerant Bacillus inoculant was 2.2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g, soluble microbial culture solution was prepared by mixing *Pseudomonas putida* and *Bacillus subtilis* at a volume ratio of 1:1, with a total viable count of 5.5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL; the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus selected was *Glomus mosie*.
[0056] S1. Soil Layer Targeted Diagnosis: A vehicle-mounted SIR-4000 ground-penetrating radar and an EM38-MK2 electromagnetic induction instrument were used to perform a 5 m × 5 m grid scan on the experimental plot of the implementation group in Lijin Bohai Farm, Dongying City, Shandong Province to obtain basic soil structure data. At the same time, one set of water and salt sensor arrays were deployed at depths of 0 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, and 100 cm. Soil test data including water content (volume fraction 18%-22%) and pH value (8.4-8.6) were collected for 7 consecutive days. The above basic soil structure data and soil monitoring data were imported into Surfer16 3D modeling software. A 3D profile model of the 0-100 cm soil layer was constructed using the Kriging interpolation algorithm. Based on this, the top interface depth of the clay layer (40 cm) and the bottom interface depth of the clay layer (80 cm) were extracted, and the weak salt-conducting area was identified as a 15 m × 20 m area in the northeast of the plot. The spatial distribution characteristics of the clay layer were obtained.
[0057] S2. Construction and treatment of a three-dimensional layered salt removal system: First, a straw blind ditch laying machine is used to lay reed straw blind ditches at a depth of 40 cm at the top interface of the clay layer, with a straw compression density of 0.8 g / cm³. 3The straw blind drains are 20 cm in diameter and spaced 6 m apart. Then, PVC corrugated pipes are laid at a depth of 80 cm at the bottom of the clay layer using a culvert laying machine. These PVC corrugated pipes have an opening rate of 3%, an inner diameter of 8 cm, and are laid at 10 m intervals, with their ends connecting to a drainage ditch 2.4 m deep. Finally, a spiral sand hole drill is used to drill sand holes in the salt-conducting weak areas of the soil surface. These sand holes have a diameter of 5 cm, a depth of 30 cm, and a density of 20 holes / m. 2 The system was constructed by filling the pores with 0.8 mm quartz sand, thus establishing a three-dimensional, layered salt drainage system. During the drainage process, a 5 cm layer of fine soil was first applied to the surface of the sand pores, and 35 m³ of leachate was applied per acre. 3 After standing for 36 hours, the drainage ditch was turned on and the drainage pump was turned on to pump out the saline solution for 10 hours. After repeating this process once, the salinity of the topsoil (0-20 cm) was measured to be 2.6‰, and the desalinated topsoil plot was obtained.
[0058] S3. Soil Reconstruction: A vibratory ultra-deep tillage machine 1S-350 was used to break up the clay layer of the desalinated topsoil. The breaking depth was 65 cm, and the vibration frequency was 30 Hz. After breaking, the soil hardness of the clay layer was reduced to below 4.2 MPa. At the same time, a humic acid-phosphogypsum composite soil conditioner was injected into the soil through a quantitative injection device. This humic acid-phosphogypsum composite soil conditioner was made by mixing humic acid, phosphogypsum, and biochar in a mass ratio of 60:85:20, with an application rate of 1.0 ton per acre. Two hours after injecting the humic acid-phosphogypsum composite soil conditioner, well-rotted organic fertilizer was spread in. The well-rotted organic fertilizer was made by mixing cow and sheep manure and fungal residue in a weight ratio of 7:3, with an application rate of 2.0 ton per acre. Subsequently, a rotary tiller was used to mix the humic acid-phosphogypsum composite soil conditioner, well-rotted organic fertilizer, and soil. At this time, the soil organic matter content increased to 1.3%, resulting in a soil reconstruction plot.
[0059] S4. Planting and Water-Fertilizer-Microbial Regulation: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMM) coating machine was used to coat the seeds of oilseed soybean and forage corn. Each seed was coated with at least 200 *Glomus mosierifolium* spores. An intelligent drip irrigation system was installed on the reconstructed soil plot. The dripper spacing in this system was 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate was 2.2 L / h. Based on this, oilseed soybean and forage corn coated with AMM were sown at a 2:1 row ratio, with oilseed soybeans spaced 15 cm apart and forage corn 20 cm apart, at a sowing depth of 3 cm for both. For integrated water and fertilizer dynamic regulation, the root zone EC sensor was buried 20 cm deep in the soil. During the seedling stage (April 20th - May 20th), the seedlings were treated with 32 m² of AMM per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). 3A compound fertilizer consisting of water, 1.6 kg of humic acid phosphorus solubilizer, 0.9 kg of potassium silicate mineral salt, and 0.35 kg of salt-tolerant Bacillus inoculant was prepared and irrigated using an intelligent drip irrigation system to maintain a stable EC value of 2.0 dS / m in the root zone soil. During the flowering period (May 21st to July 30th), the fertilizer was applied at a rate of 38 m² per acre. 3 A compound fertilizer consisting of water, 2.1 kg of humic acid phosphorus solubilizer, 1.3 kg of silicon-potassium mineral salt, and 0.55 kg of salt-tolerant Bacillus inoculant was prepared and irrigated using an intelligent drip irrigation system to maintain a stable EC value of 3.2 dS / m in the root zone soil. During the maturity period (August 1st to October 15th), the fertilizer was applied at a rate of 28 m² per acre. 3 A compound fertilizer consisting of water, 0.6 kg of humic acid phosphorus solubilizer, and 1.6 kg of silicon-potassium mineral salt was prepared and drip-irrigated using an intelligent drip irrigation system to maintain the EC value of the root zone soil at a stable 3.7 dS / m. On May 10, the seedlings were irrigated with diluted salt-soluble microbial solution using the intelligent drip irrigation system, with 20 mL applied to each salt-tolerant crop. On May 15, a 0.1 mmol / L salicylic acid solution was sprayed on the leaves using a salicylic acid spraying device. Harvest was scheduled for after October 15.
[0060] To further quantify the differences between the three-dimensional restoration and whole-chain regulation technology of this invention and traditional solutions, two comparative groups were set up. The test sites of these two comparative groups were the same as those of the implementation group, and the test plot area, number of repetitions, and test period were consistent with those of the implementation group. Among them, comparative group 1 adopted conventional underground pipe desalination and soil replacement operations, laying only single-stage PVC underground pipes at a depth of 60 cm, with an underground pipe opening rate of 3%, an inner diameter of 8 cm, and an underground pipe spacing of 10 m. There were no straw blind ditches or sand-hole infiltration structures, and the irrigation volume was 35 m³. 3 / mu, repeated twice, while the original soil of the 0-30 cm topsoil was removed and replaced with silty loam from the Yellow River floodplain, with a replacement amount of 80 m³ / mu. After conventional underground drainage and soil replacement, the same as the implementation group, oilseed rape and forage corn were planted, and ordinary flood irrigation was used. Urea 20 kg / mu and superphosphate (30 kg / mu) were applied, without biological regulation and intelligent water and fertilizer management. The control group 2 adopted a pure bioremediation scheme, only removing surface weeds, without salt drainage, soil reconstruction and soil amendment application, retaining the original soil structure, and planting salt-tolerant crop oilseed rape alone, with the same planting density as the implementation group. Field management only relied on natural rainfall replenishment, and sprayed with clean water twice during the growing season, 10 m³ per mu, without the application of any fertilizers, microbial agents and regulatory measures.
[0061] The experimental group and two comparative groups were conducted according to their respective operating methods described above. Soil indicators, crop indicators, nutrient utilization, and microbiological indicators were measured in the experimental group and the two comparative groups. Soil indicators included the salinity, pH, and organic matter content of the 0-20 cm topsoil layer at the end of the growth period for salt-tolerant crops. Crop indicators included the emergence rate, plant height, and yield of oilseed mallow and forage maize. Nutrient utilization indicators were calculated using the difference method for nitrogen and phosphorus utilization. Microbial indicators included enzyme activity and microbial residue carbon. Specific test results are as follows:
[0062] (1) Regarding desalination and germination rate: such as Figure 3 As shown, the implementation group achieved a salt removal rate of 64.6% in the topsoil layer through three-dimensional stratified salt removal and the synergistic effect of soil conditioner, which is 54.9% higher than the 41.7% of the control group 1. The control group 2 relied on the crop's own salt tolerance, and the salt removal rate was only 14.6%, with a seedling emergence rate of less than 50% of that of the implementation group. In contrast, the seedling emergence rate of the implementation group reached 89%, highlighting the necessity of the synergy of physical, chemical and biological methods.
[0063] (2) Regarding soil remediation effects: To further quantify the soil remediation and ecological value of the technology of this invention and to supplement soil structure indicators, the wet sieving method was used to measure soil aggregate structure, and the chloroform fumigation extraction method was used to measure root zone microbial biomass carbon. Figure 4 As shown, the experimental group achieved a 0.7-unit decrease in soil pH by using straw blind drains to adsorb sodium ions, sand pores to enhance infiltration and accelerate leaching, and humic acid amendment. Soil aggregate structure improved by 50.2% and microbial biomass carbon by 60.2% compared to control group 1, thus solving the problem of control group 1's superficial soil replacement treatment. Control group 2, lacking physical salt removal and chemical amendments, suffered from poor soil microecology, with microbial biomass carbon at only 40.9% of the experimental group, insufficient to support healthy crop growth.
[0064] (3) Regarding soil enzyme activity: such as Figure 5 As shown, compared to Comparative Group 1 and Comparative Group 2, the β-glucosidase activity in the experimental group increased by 30.3% and 53.6%, respectively. Soil cellobiase activity in the experimental group significantly increased by 36.2% and 69.9% compared to Comparative Group 1 and Comparative Group 2, respectively. The xylanase activity in the experimental group was 18.3 nmol / g / h, while in the comparative group it was only 9.5-15.0 nmol / g / h. The above results indicate that the soil microorganisms in the embodiments possess stronger soil carbon turnover capacity. Compared to Comparative Group 1 and Comparative Group 2, the leucine aminopeptidase, chitinase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in the experimental group all showed a significant increasing trend, further demonstrating the important role of this invention in soil nutrient cycling.
[0065] (4) Regarding carbon accumulation in microbial remains: such as Figure 6As shown, to assess the contribution of soil microorganisms to the soil carbon pool, we analyzed the carbon content of bacterial and fungal residues. Compared to Comparative Group 1 and Comparative Group 2, the bacterial residue content in the experimental group increased significantly by 0.8 and 1.1 g / kg, and the fungal residue carbon increased by 0.7 and 1.1 g / kg, respectively. This indicates that not only did the microbial biomass increase in the experimental group, but microorganisms also accumulated in the soil in the form of residues.
[0066] (5) In terms of crop yield: such as Figure 7 As shown, the yield of soybeans reached 290 kg per mu; the yield of comparative group 1 was 150 kg; and the yield of corn in the example was 580 kg per mu, which was 130 kg more than that of comparative group 1. The corn crop in comparative group 2 was almost completely lost. This further confirms that the three-dimensional restoration and dynamic regulation technology of the present invention can realize saline-alkali restoration and is more suitable for large-scale treatment of severely saline-alkali land than traditional schemes.
[0067] (6) In terms of nutrient utilization: such as Figure 8 As shown, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in the experimental group was as high as 42%, an increase of 20% compared to the control group 1. The phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate was as high as 38%, twice that of the control group 1. This indicates that the present invention has higher value in utilizing soil nutrient resources.
[0068] (7) In terms of economic benefits: such as Figure 9 As shown. Economic indicators are calculated based on 8 yuan / kg for oilseed soybeans and 1.8 yuan / kg for feed corn. Inputs include equipment, materials, and labor. In Comparative Group 1, the cost of soil replacement accounted for 68%, while in the Implementation Group, the cost of intelligent equipment accounted for 42%, but the equipment can be reused for more than 5 years. The average input per mu for soil replacement in Comparative Group 1 reached 1740 yuan, but the return was only 73.3% of that in the Implementation Group, with an input-output ratio of less than 40% of that in the Implementation Group. Moreover, soil replacement resources were scarce and damaged the original soil structure. Although Comparative Group 2 had low input, it suffered losses due to extremely low yields, with an input-output ratio of less than 1, making it unproductive. The Implementation Group, by reducing fertilizer waste through intelligent water and fertilizer management and reusable equipment, achieved high output with low input.
[0069] In summary, this invention achieves significant advantages in topsoil desalination rate, crop yield, and input-output ratio through the synergistic integration of three-dimensional desalination, soil reconstruction, biological regulation, and intelligent water and fertilizer management. Compared with single-technology-deficient groups, it achieves a dual breakthrough in ecological restoration and agricultural output, verifying the scientific validity and practicality of the technical solution.
[0070] The above description describes specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitats, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Targeted soil layer diagnosis is performed on severely saline-alkali plots using multi-source physical detection equipment and water-salt sensor arrays to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the clay layer in severely saline-alkali plots; S2. Based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the clay layer, a three-dimensional layered desalination system is constructed for severely saline-alkali land, and soil desalination treatment is carried out on the severely saline-alkali land through the three-dimensional layered desalination system to obtain desalinated land in the topsoil. The three-dimensional layered desalination system includes a straw blind ditch desalination system, a submerged pipe drainage network, and a sand hole infiltration enhancement structure. S3. Vibratory ultra-deep tillage equipment is used to break up the clay layer of the topsoil in the desalinated land. At the same time, humic acid phosphogypsum composite conditioner and decomposed organic fertilizer are injected into the soil of the topsoil in the desalinated land. After rotary tillage and mixing, the soil is reconstructed. S4. Salt-tolerant crops coated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were sown on soil reconstructed plots with intelligent drip irrigation systems, and the intelligent drip irrigation system was used to implement integrated dynamic regulation of water and fertilizer agents and seedling dilution of salt-soluble microbial solution for root irrigation after sowing.
2. The method for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitats according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for targeted diagnosis of soil layers is as follows: Multi-source physical detection equipment, including vehicle-mounted ground-penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction device, was used to perform grid-based scanning of severely saline-alkali land to obtain soil layer basic structure data. At the same time, water and salt sensor arrays were deployed in the 0-100 cm soil layer of the severely saline-alkali land at soil depths of 0 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm and 100 cm to collect soil monitoring data. The soil monitoring data included the water content and pH value at each soil depth. The soil foundation structure data and soil monitoring data were imported into the 3D modeling software, and the Kriging interpolation algorithm was used to construct a 3D profile model of the 0-100 cm soil layer of the severely saline-alkali land. Based on this, the salt-conducting weak zone, the top interface of the clay layer, and the bottom interface of the clay layer in the 3D profile model of the 0-100 cm soil layer were extracted to form the spatial distribution characteristics of the clay layer.
3. The method for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitats according to claim 2, characterized in that, The straw blind drain system for desalination is laid at the top interface of the clay layer, with a spacing of 4-10 m between the drains. The straw blind drains use either reed straw or rice straw, with a straw compression density of 0.75-0.85 g / cm³. 3 It is manufactured, and the diameter of the straw blind ditch is 18-22 cm.
4. The method for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitats according to claim 2, characterized in that, The underground pipes of the underground drainage network are laid at the bottom interface of the clay layer, with a spacing of 8-14 m between the underground pipes; the opening ratio of the underground pipes is 2.5-3.5%, the inner diameter of the underground pipes is 7-9 cm, and the end of the underground pipes is connected to a drainage ditch with a depth of 2.0-2.5 m.
5. The method for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitat according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sand holes of the sand-permeability enhancement structure are opened on the surface of the salt-conducting weak zone, and the sand holes are filled with quartz sand with a particle size of 0.4-1.2 mm; the diameter of the sand holes is 4-6 cm, the depth is 25-35 cm, and the density is 18-22 holes / m².
6. The method for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibratory ultra-deep tillage machine has an operating depth of 60-70 cm and a vibration frequency of 28-32 Hz; the humic acid phosphogypsum composite amendment is composed of humic acid, phosphogypsum and biochar in a mass ratio of (55-65):(80-90):20, and the application rate of the humic acid phosphogypsum composite amendment is 0.9-1.1 tons per mu; the decomposed organic fertilizer is made by mixing and decomposing cow and sheep manure and mushroom residue in a weight ratio of 7:3, and the application rate of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 1.8-2.2 tons per mu.
7. The method for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitats according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent drip irrigation system includes drip irrigation tape, a root zone EC sensor, and a control terminal. The drip irrigation tape is used to deliver water and fertilizer, and the root zone EC sensor is used to monitor the EC value of the root zone soil of salt-tolerant crops. The integrated dynamic regulation of water and fertilizer dynamically regulates the root zone soil EC value according to the growth stage of salt-tolerant crops, wherein the root zone soil EC value is ≤2.2 dS / m during the seedling stage, ≤3.5 dS / m during the flowering stage, and ≤4.0 dS / m during the maturity stage.
8. The method for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated water and fertilizer dynamically regulated water and fertilizer agent is formulated by compounding irrigation water, humic acid phosphorus solubilizer, silicon-potassium mineral salt, and salt-tolerant bacteria agent according to the differentiated growth stages of salt-tolerant crops. Among them, the solubility rate of humic acid phosphorus solubilizer is ≥90%, the SiO2 content of silicon-potassium mineral salt is ≥50% and K2O content is ≥30%, and the salt-tolerant bacteria agent has a viable count of ≥2×10⁻⁶. 10 A salt-tolerant Bacillus agent with CFU / g; the salt-soluble microbial solution is prepared by compounding *Pseudomonas putida* and *Bacillus subtilis* at a volume ratio of 1:1, and the total viable count of the salt-soluble microbial solution is ≥5×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL.
9. The method for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitat according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores attached to the surface of the salt-tolerant crop treated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus coating shall not be less than 200; the planting mode of the salt-tolerant crop shall be one of intercropping of oilseed soybean and forage corn at a row ratio of 2:1 and rotation of chickpea and okra, and the seedlings of the salt-tolerant crop shall be foliar sprayed with 0.1 mmol / L salicylic acid.
10. A rapid restoration and suitable planting system for severely saline-alkali land habitats, characterized in that, The system is used to implement the method for rapid restoration and suitable planting of severely saline-alkali land habitats as described in claim 1, comprising: The diagnostic module is used to perform targeted soil layer diagnosis in severely saline-alkali land plots and obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of the clay layer. The salt removal module is used to construct a three-dimensional layered salt removal system and remove salt from severely saline-alkali land to obtain desalinated land in the topsoil layer; The soil reconstruction module is used to break up the clay layer and rebuild fertility in desalinated topsoil plots, forming soil reconstruction plots. The planting regulation module is used to realize the planting of salt-tolerant crops and the regulation of water, fertilizer and bacteria throughout the entire growth period.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Fiber sticking strongly saline-alkali soil engineering improvement and ecological establishment method
CN108076719A