State monitoring device and state monitoring method for spring operating mechanism of circuit breaker

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment monitoring, and provides a state monitoring device and a state monitoring method for a breaker spring operating mechanism, and the device comprises a TENG module, an MEMS pressure sensor and a control module. The TENG module comprises a linkage piece, a first fixing piece, a TENG unit and a second fixing piece; the triggering end and the linkage end of the linkage piece are connected through a crank shaft, the triggering end is arranged on the motion path of the spring, the spring is arranged in the spring barrel shell of the operating mechanism, the crank shaft is arranged on a limiting piece of the spring, and the linkage end is connected with a first friction layer of the TENG unit through a first fixing piece; a second friction layer of the TENG unit is connected with the inner wall of the shell through a second fixing piece; the MEMS pressure sensor is arranged at the center of the limiting piece; the control module is connected with the TENG unit and the MEMS pressure sensor through wires. The problems of low real-time performance, poor adaptability and high power consumption of monitoring the operating mechanism of the circuit breaker in the prior art are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of power equipment monitoring, in particular to a circuit breaker spring operating mechanism state monitoring device and a circuit breaker spring operating mechanism state monitoring method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the circuit breaker operating mechanism mainly relies on mechanical springs to complete the closing and opening actions. The mechanical energy generated by the spring during the energy storage and release process drives the contact movement, thereby realizing the connection and disconnection of the power system. Therefore, the energy storage state, release speed and force path of the spring directly affect the action reliability and operation safety of the circuit breaker.

[0003] However, the related art mainly analyzes the closing current, opening current and a small amount of stroke and time characteristic parameters to monitor the operating mechanism, and the monitoring of the spring, which is the core power source, is relatively lacking. Even if the spring is monitored, the related art usually adopts manual maintenance or regular testing to obtain data, and cannot reflect the health status of the spring in actual operation in real time. In addition, due to the small internal space of the operating mechanism, the large-volume sensor used for monitoring the operating mechanism in the related art has the pain points of complex installation, difficult wiring, poor adaptability and large power consumption.

[0004] At present, no effective solution has been proposed to solve the problems of low real-time performance, poor adaptability and large power consumption of the related art in monitoring the circuit breaker operating mechanism. SUMMARY

[0005] The circuit breaker spring operating mechanism state monitoring device and the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism state monitoring method provided by the embodiments of the application at least solve the problems of low real-time performance, poor adaptability and large power consumption of the related art in monitoring the circuit breaker operating mechanism.

[0006] The circuit breaker spring operating mechanism state monitoring device provided by the embodiments of the application comprises a friction nanometer power generation module, a micro-electro-mechanical system pressure sensor and a control module. The friction nanometer power generation module comprises a linkage, a first fixing member, a friction nanometer power generation unit and a second fixing member. The trigger end and the linkage end of the linkage are connected through a crank shaft, the trigger end is arranged on the movement path of the spring, the spring is arranged in the shell of the operating mechanism spring cylinder, the crank shaft is arranged on the limiting member of the spring, the linkage end is connected with the first friction layer of the friction nanometer power generation unit through the first fixing member, and the second friction layer of the friction nanometer power generation unit is connected with the inner wall of the shell through the second fixing member. The micro-electro-mechanical system pressure sensor is arranged at the center of the limiting member. The control module is connected with the friction nanometer power generation unit and the micro-electro-mechanical system pressure sensor through wires. After the control module receives the signal output by the friction nanometer power generation unit, the corresponding micro-electro-mechanical system pressure sensor is started to collect data.

[0007] Preferably, the closing spring and opening spring of the operating mechanism are each equipped with a triboelectric nanogenerator module and a microelectromechanical system pressure sensor.

[0008] Preferably, the triboelectric nanogenerator unit includes a first electrode layer, a first friction layer, a second friction layer, and a second electrode layer; the first electrode layer is connected to a first fixing member, the first friction layer is disposed on the first electrode layer, the second friction layer is disposed on the second electrode layer, and the second electrode layer is connected to a second fixing member; the area of ​​the first friction layer is less than or equal to the area of ​​the second friction layer, and the friction direction between the first friction layer and the second friction layer is parallel to the movement direction of the spring.

[0009] Preferably, both the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are made of copper foil or aluminum foil; the first friction layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene film, and the second friction layer is a polyimide film or a nylon film.

[0010] Preferably, an elastic isolation pad is provided between the first friction layer and the second friction layer; the elastic isolation pad is made of silicone or polyurethane foam.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a regulated power supply interface connected to both the control module and the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor, and a status indicator device connected to the control module, wherein the status indicator device is used to provide audible and visual signals and / or to communicate remotely with the background system.

[0012] This invention provides a method for monitoring the state of a circuit breaker spring operating mechanism. The method monitors the state of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism using any of the aforementioned state monitoring devices. The method includes the following steps: acquiring the output signal of a triboelectric nanogenerator; activating a corresponding microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor based on the output signal to collect data and obtain pressure data; and determining the state monitoring result of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism based on the output signal and the pressure data.

[0013] Preferably, the condition monitoring results of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism are determined based on the output signal and pressure data, including: determining first condition information based on the amplitude, frequency and decay time of the output signal; determining second condition information based on the changing trend of the pressure data; and determining the condition monitoring results based on the first condition information and the second condition information.

[0014] Preferably, after determining the status monitoring results of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism based on the output signal and pressure data, the status monitoring method further includes: updating the health curve of the spring based on the output signal and pressure data when the status monitoring results are normal; and issuing an alarm signal when the status monitoring results are abnormal.

[0015] This invention provides an installation method for installing any of the aforementioned status monitoring devices. The installation method includes the following steps: opening the housing of the spring cylinder and embedding the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor into the center of the limiting member; installing the crank shaft on the limiting member based on the spring's movement path, so that the trigger end is located on the movement path, wherein the linkage end has been pre-connected to the first friction layer; connecting the MEMS pressure sensor and the triboelectric nanogenerator unit to the control module via wires; fixing the second fixing member to the inner wall of the housing based on the position of the first friction layer, so that there is a contact separation space between the first friction layer and the second friction layer after the housing is closed, wherein the second friction layer has been pre-connected to the second fixing member; and closing the housing.

[0016] This invention provides a state monitoring device and method for a circuit breaker spring operating mechanism. The trigger end and linkage end of a linkage component are connected by a crankshaft. The trigger end is positioned on the spring's movement path, and the crankshaft is positioned on the spring's limiting component. The linkage end is connected to the first friction layer of a triboelectric nano-power generation unit via a first fixing component. The second friction layer of the triboelectric nano-power generation unit is connected to the inner wall of the spring cylinder housing via a second fixing component. A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor is positioned at the center of the limiting component. A control module is connected to the triboelectric nano-power generation unit and the MEMS pressure sensor via wires. Upon receiving the output signal from the triboelectric nano-power generation unit, the control module activates the corresponding MEMS pressure sensor to collect pressure data. Based on the output signal and pressure data, the state monitoring result of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism is determined.

[0017] Compared to related technologies that rely on current waveforms or mechanical stroke curves to indirectly determine the behavior of the operating mechanism, the aforementioned condition monitoring device, through structural optimization and signal fusion, constructs a two-dimensional sensing mechanism of action trigger recognition and force response evaluation. This improves the accuracy and real-time performance of condition monitoring results while offering advantages such as lightweight structure, high integration, and no need for complex power supply. It effectively solves the problems of low real-time performance, poor adaptability, and high power consumption associated with related technologies for monitoring circuit breaker operating mechanisms. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a circuit breaker spring operating mechanism state monitoring device in the spring-released state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the condition monitoring device when the spring is in a compressed state.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a monitoring device for monitoring the state of the closing spring and the opening spring in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a triboelectric nanogenerator unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for monitoring the state of a circuit breaker spring operating mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of an installation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] The above figures include the following reference numerals: 1—Triboelectric nanogenerator module; 2—Microelectromechanical system pressure sensor; 3—Control module; 4—Spring; 5—Spring cylinder housing; 6—Limiting component; 7—Regulated power supply interface; 8—Status indicator device; 11—Linking component; 12—First fixing component; 13—Triboelectric nanogenerator unit; 14—Second fixing component; 111—Trigger end; 112—Hinge; 113—Linkage end; 1A—First triboelectric nanogenerator module; 2A—First microelectromechanical system pressure sensor; 4A—Close spring; 5A—First spring cylinder housing; 6A—First limiting component; 1B—Second triboelectric nanogenerator module; 2B—Second microelectromechanical system pressure sensor; 4B—Break-off spring; 5B—Second spring cylinder housing; 6B—Second limiting component; 131—First electrode layer; 132—First friction layer; 133—Second friction layer; 134—Second electrode layer; 135—Elastic insulating pad; 701—Computation unit; 702—Read-only memory (ROM); 703—Random access memory (RAM); 704—Bus; 705—I / O interface; 706—Input unit; 707—Output unit; 708—Storage unit; 709—Communication unit. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Current technologies for monitoring operating mechanisms primarily analyze electrical quantities such as closing and opening currents, along with a limited number of stroke and time characteristic parameters. However, monitoring of the spring, the core power source, is relatively lacking. Even when springs are monitored, the methods employed often involve manual maintenance or periodic testing to obtain data, failing to reflect the spring's health status in real-time during operation. Furthermore, due to the limited internal space of the operating mechanism, the large-volume sensors used for monitoring suffer from complex installation, difficult wiring, poor adaptability, and high power consumption.

[0029] Therefore, please refer to Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a state monitoring device for a circuit breaker spring operating mechanism, including a triboelectric nanogenerator module 1, a microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2, and a control module 3.

[0030] The triboelectric nanogenerator module 1 includes a linkage 11, a first fixing member 12, a triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13, and a second fixing member 14.

[0031] The trigger end 111 and the linkage end 113 of the linkage component 11 are connected by a crank shaft 112. The trigger end 111 is set on the movement path of the spring 4. The spring 4 is set inside the housing 5 of the spring cylinder of the operating mechanism. The crank shaft 112 is set on the limiting component 6 of the spring 4. The linkage end 113 is connected to the first friction layer 132 of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 through the first fixing component 12. The second friction layer 133 of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 5 through the second fixing component 14.

[0032] The microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2 is located at the center of the limiting component 6.

[0033] The control module 3 is connected to the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 and the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2 via wires.

[0034] When the control module 3 receives the signal output by the triboelectric nanogenerator 13, it activates the corresponding microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2 to collect data.

[0035] Depend on Figures 1-2 It is in the state of spring compression and energy storage, by Figures 2-1 This is the state of spring energy storage and release.Figure 2 In the diagram, the trigger end 111, the crank shaft 112, and the linkage end 113 of the linkage component 11 are labeled.

[0036] Specifically, the motion path of spring 4 can be converted into, but is not limited to, the motion path of spring 4's lever or firing pin. The number of springs 4 to be monitored, the number of triboelectric nanogenerator modules 1, and the number of microelectromechanical system pressure sensors 2 are all equal.

[0037] The trigger end 111 and the linkage end 113 of the linkage component 11 form an angle relative to the crank shaft 112. The angle is greater than or equal to ninety degrees, which helps the linkage component 11, the first fixing component 12 and the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 to work together, so as to send a trigger signal according to the movement of the spring 4 while avoiding interference with the spring 4, and also helps to determine the position of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 inside the shell 5 of the spring cylinder.

[0038] The limiting component 6 can be, but is not limited to, the guide post base of the spring 4.

[0039] The control module 3 has functions such as triboelectric nanogenerator pulse signal detection, microelectromechanical system pressure sensor data acquisition, event trigger judgment, abnormal state identification and output. It can be configured with threshold discrimination algorithm, time window analysis or data fusion logic to improve the accuracy of state judgment and response speed.

[0040] The control module 3 is connected to the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 and the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2 via wires. This wire connection eliminates the need for a wireless transmission module, simplifying the structure of the condition monitoring device and facilitating installation.

[0041] In addition, when the spring 4 is not in a compressed state, the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2 can cut off the power based on the output signal of the triboelectric nanogenerator 13 received by the control module 3, which helps to reduce power consumption.

[0042] Specifically, the monitoring devices used in operating mechanisms mostly employ wire-type displacement sensors, Hall effect sensors, current transformers, or strain gauges. These sensors are mostly single-channel inputs, only able to acquire the displacement or current profile, making it difficult to reflect the details of the energy storage and release process of the spring. Furthermore, the operating mechanism has a small internal space and extremely high requirements for mechanical stability, resulting in large sensor sizes, complex installations, and difficult wiring, making in-situ embedded integration challenging. Addressing the limitations of sensor types and installation difficulties, the device provided in this embodiment uses a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) pressure sensor, which offers advantages such as miniaturization, low power consumption, and high precision.

[0043] After the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2 is activated, it can collect the force change data of spring 4 in real time during the compression and release process. By outputting the corresponding pressure curve to the control module 3, it can reflect the key state of spring 4, such as whether the release is in place and whether the elasticity has deteriorated.

[0044] Furthermore, the relevant sensor systems rely on circuit breaker control power supplies or external power supply modules, which necessitates the installation of power lines in high-voltage isolation and strong electromagnetic interference environments, resulting in high engineering implementation costs and poor operational reliability. Addressing this critical issue of power supply in related technologies, the method provided in this embodiment is based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology. It designs a triboelectric nanogenerator module (TENG module) 1 that fully utilizes the triboelectric nanogenerator unit (TENG unit) 13, offering advantages such as sensitive low-frequency response, high output voltage, and flexible structure.

[0045] Since triboelectric nanogenerator technology generates surface charge migration and voltage output through the contact and separation between different materials during mechanical motion, it can complete event sensing and signal triggering without the need for an external power supply. Therefore, compared with related triggering circuits, the triboelectric nanogenerator module 1 provided in this embodiment can directly respond to the rapid movement of the spring 4, achieving high instantaneous signal output and motion capture capabilities, without requiring a power supply for the triboelectric nanogenerator module 1.

[0046] Meanwhile, the existing online monitoring systems are complex in structure and consume a lot of power, making them unsuitable for remote passive scenarios and older equipment. Furthermore, some systems are sensitive to temperature, vibration, and electromagnetic field factors in the operating environment, resulting in insufficient stability and practicality. In contrast, the triboelectric nanogenerator module 1 provided in this invention is simple to install. Along the movement path of the spring 4, the spring 4 can engage with the triboelectric nanogenerator module 1 via a lever or a striker.

[0047] In other words, the above-mentioned triboelectric nano-power generation module 1 provided by the present invention does not require complex structural modifications to the existing parts of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism, but can be installed and debugged on the basis of the existing parts, thus having good adaptability.

[0048] Furthermore, most related monitoring systems rely on single-point signal acquisition and lack a linkage structure that combines action triggering with multi-parameter analysis. This makes it difficult to accurately determine whether spring 4 has been fully released or whether its elasticity has diminished, hindering advanced condition assessment and fault prediction. In contrast, the condition monitoring device provided in this embodiment combines a triboelectric nanogenerator module 1 and a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor 2. The MEMS pressure sensor 2 accurately reflects changes in mechanical stress, allowing for real-time acquisition of the stress state of spring 4 during release or energy storage. Combined with the triboelectric nanogenerator module 1, this forms a trigger-acquisition-analysis composite monitoring mechanism.

[0049] In simple terms, the output signal of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 is used to determine whether the spring 4 has actuated, and the pressure data collected by the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2 is used to assess whether the spring 4 has been fully released and whether it is fatigued, stuck, or malfunctioning. Therefore, by using the triboelectric nanogenerator module 1 as the sensing element for actuation events and the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2 as the core for spring status detection, and by coordinating the two through the logic control module (MCU) 3 and the signal analysis module, the entire process of spring operating mechanism status perception, fault identification, and trend assessment can be realized, promoting the development of intelligent operation and maintenance of circuit breakers.

[0050] In summary, compared to related technologies that rely on current waveforms or mechanical stroke curves to indirectly determine the behavior of the operating mechanism, the state monitoring device provided in this embodiment, through structural optimization and signal fusion, constructs a two-dimensional perception mechanism of action trigger recognition and force response evaluation, significantly improving the accuracy and real-time performance of circuit breaker operating mechanism fault identification. It boasts advantages such as lightweight structure, high integration, strong sensitivity, no need for complex power supply, and real-time response, enabling multiple functions including action recognition, spring force detection, and anomaly detection.

[0051] It should be noted that the triboelectric nanogenerator module 1 provided in this embodiment serves two purposes. First, it provides a trigger signal to activate the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor 2, eliminating the need for the MEMS pressure sensor 2 to constantly consume power, thus effectively reducing the power consumption of the entire condition monitoring device. Second, the signal output by the triboelectric nanogenerator module 1 also serves as the data source for condition monitoring. The condition monitoring result of the device is derived by combining the output signal of the triboelectric nanogenerator module 1 and the pressure data collected by the MEMS pressure sensor 2. This will be further explained in the following section of this embodiment.

[0052] Preferably, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the closing spring 4A and opening spring 4B of the operating mechanism are each equipped with a triboelectric nanogenerator module 1 and a microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2.

[0053] Specifically, the closing spring 4A is equipped with a first triboelectric nano-power generation module 1A, a first microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor 2A, a first spring cylinder housing 5A, and a first limiting member 6A; the opening spring 4B is equipped with a second triboelectric nano-power generation module 1B, a second MEMS pressure sensor 2B, a second spring cylinder housing 5B, and a second limiting member 6B. Clearly, the first MEMS pressure sensor 2A and the second MEMS pressure sensor 2B are two independent units. The first triboelectric nano-power generation module 1A, the first MEMS pressure sensor 2A, the second triboelectric nano-power generation module 1B, and the second MEMS pressure sensor 2B are all connected to the control module 3.

[0054] Before obtaining the status monitoring results, it can be determined whether the closing spring 4A or the opening spring 4B is activated, focusing on whether the spring has actually activated before measuring the pressure of the activated spring. Compared to related technologies that determine whether the circuit breaker is in a closed or open state based on the input signal of the auxiliary contact, and then select to measure the pressure of the closing spring 4A and the opening spring 4B, the status monitoring device provided in this embodiment helps to improve the accuracy of the status monitoring results.

[0055] The structural design of the dual-friction nano-power generation module + dual microelectromechanical system pressure sensor supports independent detection and status judgment of the operation process of the closing spring 4A and the opening spring 4B, avoiding the drawbacks of related single-channel solutions that cannot distinguish the spring type or misjudge the fault source.

[0056] In addition, the signal fusion logic and data processing algorithm of the control module 3 can automatically complete event identification, anomaly classification, and trend judgment, and support data interaction with circuit breaker controllers, relay protection systems or remote monitoring platforms, providing basic data support for the intelligent operation and maintenance of circuit breakers.

[0057] Preferably, please refer to Figure 4 As shown, the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 includes a first electrode layer 131, a first friction layer 132, a second friction layer 133, and a second electrode layer 134. The first electrode layer 131 is connected to the first fixing member 12, the first friction layer 132 is disposed on the first electrode layer 131, the second friction layer 133 is disposed on the second electrode layer 134, and the second electrode layer 134 is connected to the second fixing member 14. The area of ​​the first friction layer 132 is less than or equal to the area of ​​the second friction layer 133, and the friction direction between the first friction layer 132 and the second friction layer 133 is parallel to the movement direction of the spring 4.

[0058] When the spring 4 is compressed / released, it drives the first fixed member 12 to move rapidly through the linkage 11. A contact-slippage-separation process occurs between the first friction layer 132 and the second friction layer 133. A high-amplitude pulse voltage signal is output between the first electrode layer 131 and the second electrode layer 134 for triggering and detecting action events.

[0059] For example, the dimensions of the first friction layer 132 and the second friction layer 133 are both four centimeters by eight centimeters.

[0060] The friction direction of the first friction layer 132 and the second friction layer 133 is parallel to the movement direction of the spring 4, which helps to determine the position of the triboelectric nano-power generation unit 13 inside the shell 5 of the spring cylinder.

[0061] Preferably, both the first electrode layer 131 and the second electrode layer 134 are made of copper foil or aluminum foil. The first friction layer 132 is a polytetrafluoroethylene film, and the second friction layer 133 is a polyimide film or a nylon film. This helps to enhance the triboelectric effect and improve the accuracy of the output signal of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13.

[0062] Preferably, an elastic isolation pad 135 is provided between the first friction layer 132 and the second friction layer 133. The elastic isolation pad 135 is made of silicone or polyurethane foam. This facilitates rapid separation after the first friction layer 132 and the second friction layer 133 come into contact.

[0063] Preferably, the above-mentioned status monitoring device further includes a regulated power supply interface 7 connected to both the control module 3 and the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2, and a status indication device 8 connected to the control module 3, wherein the status indication device 8 is used to provide audible and visual signals and / or to communicate remotely with the background system.

[0064] The regulated power supply interface 7 is used to provide a stable operating power supply for the control module 3 and the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2. The regulated power supply interface 7 is a DC regulated power supply interface with anti-interference protection and can be adapted to the secondary control power supply system of the circuit breaker.

[0065] The control module 3 and the status indicator device 8 are wirelessly connected. The status indicator device 8 is used to indicate the status monitoring results locally, such as by LED illumination or buzzer sound, and / or to upload them to the remote monitoring backend system via Bluetooth communication interface, so as to realize status alarm, historical trend analysis and remote maintenance support.

[0066] Preferably, each part of the above-mentioned status monitoring device adopts a pluggable modular design, which can be replaced without power interruption, supports multi-module expansion access, and is compatible with different circuit breaker models; it can be used in conjunction with existing protection and control devices to realize status-aware closed-loop control.

[0067] In other words, the aforementioned condition monitoring device can be modularly integrated or externally mounted, and is suitable for monitoring the operating mechanisms of various types of medium and high voltage circuit breakers. It is especially suitable for intelligent upgrades in scenarios where wiring is difficult or inconvenient to modify, and can also be compatible with new circuit breaker systems to achieve deep condition perception and digital remote operation and maintenance capabilities.

[0068] In summary, the embodiments of this invention address the problems existing in the monitoring systems for circuit breaker spring operating mechanisms, such as difficulties in sensor integration, large structural volume, reliance on continuous power supply, inability to determine action triggering in real time, single monitoring dimensions, and weak fault identification capabilities. The invention provides the aforementioned state monitoring device, which utilizes triboelectric signals to achieve highly sensitive event detection, uses pressure parameters to assess spring state, and coordinates analysis through a control unit to achieve intelligent identification, anomaly warning, and trend judgment of the circuit breaker operating state. While offering high real-time performance, good adaptability, and low power consumption, it also helps improve the reliability and maintenance efficiency of the operating mechanism.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 5 The present invention also provides a method for monitoring the state of a circuit breaker spring operating mechanism, which monitors the state of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism based on the above-mentioned state monitoring device. The state monitoring method includes steps S101 to S103.

[0070] Step S101: Obtain the output signal of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13.

[0071] Step S102: Based on the output signal, the corresponding microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2 is activated to collect data and obtain pressure data.

[0072] Step S103: Based on the output signal and pressure data, determine the status monitoring results of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism.

[0073] Specifically, with Figure 3 Taking the status monitoring device shown as an example, after the circuit breaker executes the closing command, the closing spring 4A is released, and the lever moves to make the first friction nano-power generation module 1A output the first set of pulse signals; after receiving the first set of pulse signals, the control module 3 immediately starts the pressure data acquisition of the first microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2A to obtain the pressure curve during the release process of the closing spring 4A.

[0074] Similarly, when the tripping command is issued, the tripping spring 4B is released, and the second friction nano-power generation module 1B outputs the second set of pulse signals; the control module 3 starts the pressure data acquisition of the second microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2B to obtain the pressure curve during the release process of the tripping spring 4B.

[0075] The control module 3 integrates and analyzes the signal characteristics output by the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 of the triboelectric nanogenerator module 1 with the mechanical data collected by the corresponding microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2. This allows it to determine whether the corresponding spring 4 is properly released, whether it is delayed, and whether there is any jamming or fatigue, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of the overall operating system status assessment.

[0076] Preferably, step S103, determining the state monitoring result of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism based on the output signal and pressure data, includes: determining first state information based on the amplitude, frequency, and decay time of the output signal; determining second state information based on the changing trend of the pressure data; and determining the state monitoring result based on the first and second state information.

[0077] by Figure 3 Taking the status monitoring device shown as an example, if the circuit breaker sends a closing signal, and the signal amplitude, frequency, and decay time of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit output by the first triboelectric nanogenerator module 1A are normal, and the pressure data collected by the first microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2A is characterized as pressure rising and stabilizing, then the status monitoring result is that the closing spring 4A operates normally.

[0078] If the circuit breaker sends a closing signal, and the signal amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit output by the first triboelectric nanogenerator module 1A is low, the frequency is normal, and the decay time is normal, and the pressure data collected by the first microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2A indicates that the pressure change is small, then the status monitoring result is that the closing spring 4A does not move completely or is weak.

[0079] If the circuit breaker sends a closing signal, and the signal amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit output by the first triboelectric nanogenerator module 1A is normal, the frequency is low, and the decay time is high, and the pressure data collected by the first microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2A is characterized as a sharp rise and then a sudden drop in pressure, then the status monitoring result is that the closing spring 4A may have abnormal rebound.

[0080] If the circuit breaker sends a closing signal, and the signal amplitude, frequency, and decay time of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit output by the first triboelectric nanogenerator module 1A are normal, and the pressure data collected by the first microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2A shows no pressure change, then the status monitoring result is either a false triggering of the first triboelectric nanogenerator module 1A or an abnormality of the first microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2A.

[0081] If the circuit breaker issues a tripping signal, and the signal amplitude, frequency, and decay time of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit output by the second triboelectric nanogenerator module 1B are normal, and the pressure data collected by the second microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2B indicates a significant pressure drop, then the status monitoring result is that the tripping spring 4B operates normally.

[0082] If the circuit breaker issues a tripping signal, and the triboelectric nanogenerator unit of the second triboelectric nanogenerator module 1B has no output signal, and the pressure data collected by the second microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2B indicates no pressure change, then the status monitoring result is that the tripping spring 4B has not performed its action or the second triboelectric nanogenerator module 1B is damaged.

[0083] If the circuit breaker issues a tripping signal, and the signal amplitude of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit output by the second triboelectric nanogenerator module 1B is normal, the frequency is too high, and the decay time is too low, and the pressure data collected by the second microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2B indicates that the pressure change amplitude is too large, then the status monitoring result indicates that the tripping spring 4B may be at risk of overload.

[0084] If the circuit breaker does not send a signal, and the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 of any triboelectric nanogenerator module 1 outputs a signal with normal amplitude, normal frequency, and normal decay time, and the pressure data collected by the corresponding microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2 indicates that there is a pressure change, then the status monitoring result is that the corresponding spring 4 is malfunctioning or the control module 3 is abnormal.

[0085] The specific details of the abnormality, high or low values ​​of the aforementioned signal indicators, as well as the changing trends of the pressure data, can be determined by those skilled in the art based on preset thresholds, historical data, or training models, combined with a limited number of experiments. This embodiment will not elaborate further here.

[0086] Furthermore, after determining the status monitoring results of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism based on the output signal and pressure data, the above status monitoring method also includes: updating the health curve of spring 4 based on the output signal and pressure data when the status monitoring results are normal; and issuing an alarm signal when the status monitoring results are abnormal.

[0087] Specifically, based on the output signal and pressure data, combined with preset thresholds, historical templates, or training models, the system identifies whether the current spring release state is abnormal. If it is determined to be a normal action, the data is recorded and the spring health curve is updated; if an abnormal signal is detected, such as the missing output signal of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 or insufficient pressure value of the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2, an alarm signal is triggered, and the event is uploaded to the backend system via LED, EEPROM, or Bluetooth wireless module. All detected events and force waveforms are saved locally or on a remote server for remote viewing and analysis by maintenance personnel.

[0088] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also provides an installation method for installing the above-mentioned status monitoring device, the installation method including steps S201 to S205.

[0089] Step S201: Open the housing 5 of the spring cylinder and embed the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2 into the center of the limiting member 6.

[0090] In step S202, the crank shaft 112 is installed on the limiting member 6 based on the movement path of the spring 4, so that the trigger end 111 is located on the aforementioned movement path, wherein the linkage end 113 has been pre-connected to the first friction layer 132.

[0091] Step S203: Connect the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor 2 and the triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 to the control module via wires.

[0092] Step S204: Based on the position of the first friction layer 132, the second fixing member 14 is fixed to the inner wall of the housing 5 so that there is a contact separation space between the first friction layer 132 and the second friction layer 133 after the housing 5 is closed, wherein the second friction layer 133 has been pre-connected to the second fixing member 14.

[0093] Step S205: Close the shell 5.

[0094] As can be seen, the above installation method is simple and easy to operate. Therefore, the condition monitoring device provided by the present invention has good engineering applicability and promotion prospects. The above condition monitoring device has a compact overall structure and low power consumption, and can be applied to circuit breaker systems with limited installation space, such as gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) and air-insulated switchgear (AIS). It is especially suitable for long-term deployment in complex application scenarios such as substations, power distribution rooms, and electrical control cabinets.

[0095] Modular design facilitates mass production and simplifies maintenance, helping to reduce equipment modification costs and system operation and maintenance difficulties. Applying the aforementioned condition monitoring devices can reduce the frequency of manual maintenance, extend equipment maintenance cycles, and improve the safety and stability of power system operation.

[0096] The present invention also provides a non-transitory machine-readable medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a computer's processor, is used to cause the computer to perform the state monitoring method of the present invention.

[0097] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a computer's processor, is used to cause the computer to perform the state monitoring method of the present invention.

[0098] This invention also provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor. The memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the electronic device to perform the state monitoring method of this invention.

[0099] refer to Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of an electronic device, either a server or a client, according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is an example of a hardware device that can be applied to various aspects of the present invention. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital electronic computer devices, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0100] like Figure 7 As shown, the electronic device includes a computing unit 701, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a computer program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 702 or a computer program loaded into a random access memory (RAM) 703 from a storage unit 708. The RAM 703 may also store various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device. The computing unit 701, ROM 702, and RAM 703 are interconnected via a bus 704. An input / output (I / O) interface 705 is also connected to the bus 704.

[0101] Multiple components in the electronic device are connected to I / O interface 705, including: input unit 706, output unit 707, storage unit 708, and communication unit 709. Input unit 706 can be any type of device capable of inputting information into the electronic device. Input unit 706 can receive input digital or character information and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and / or function control of the electronic device. Output unit 707 can be any type of device capable of presenting information and may include, but is not limited to, a display, speaker, video / audio output terminal, vibrator, and / or printer. Storage unit 708 may include, but is not limited to, disks and optical discs. Communication unit 709 allows the electronic device to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks, and may include, but is not limited to, modems, network cards, infrared communication devices, and / or wireless communication transceivers, such as Bluetooth devices, WiFi devices, WiMax devices, cellular communication devices, and / or the like.

[0102] The computing unit 701 can be various general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 701 include, but are not limited to, CPUs, graphics processing units (GPUs), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing units, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, digital signal processors (DSPs), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 701 performs the various state monitoring methods and processes described above. For example, in some embodiments, the state monitoring method embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as computer programs tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as storage unit 708. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed on an electronic device via ROM 702 and / or communication unit 709. In some embodiments, the computing unit 701 can be configured to perform the above-described state monitoring methods by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0103] Computer programs for implementing the methods of embodiments of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the computer programs cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The computer programs may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, or as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0104] In the context of embodiments of this invention, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable signal medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or infrared systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0105] It should be noted that the term "comprising" and its variations used in the embodiments of this invention are open-ended, meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" means "at least partially based on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments". The modifications of "one" and "a plurality" mentioned in the embodiments of this invention are illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that unless explicitly indicated otherwise in the context, they should be understood as "one or more". The descriptions of terms such as "first", "second", etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features.

[0106] The steps described in the method embodiments provided by the present invention can be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. Furthermore, the method embodiments may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited in this respect.

[0107] The term "embodiment" in this specification refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment that may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily imply the same embodiment, nor does it imply independence or alternativeity from other embodiments. The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner, with reference to each other for similar or identical parts. In particular, for apparatus, device, and system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and relevant details are referred to in the description of the method embodiments.

[0108] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A condition monitoring device for a circuit breaker spring operating mechanism, characterized in that, This includes triboelectric nanogenerator modules, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) pressure sensors, and control modules; The triboelectric nano-power generation module includes a linkage component, a first fixing component, a triboelectric nano-power generation unit, and a second fixing component. The trigger end and the linkage end of the linkage component are connected by a crank shaft. The trigger end is set on the movement path of the spring. The spring is set inside the housing of the spring cylinder of the operating mechanism. The crank shaft is set on the limiting component of the spring. The linkage end is connected to the first friction layer of the triboelectric nano-power generation unit through the first fixing component. The second friction layer of the triboelectric nano-power generation unit is connected to the inner wall of the housing through the second fixing component. The microelectromechanical system pressure sensor is located at the center of the limiting component; The control module is connected to the triboelectric nanogenerator and the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor via wires. Upon receiving the signal output by the triboelectric nanogenerator, the control module activates the corresponding microelectromechanical system pressure sensor to collect data.

2. The condition monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The closing spring and opening spring of the operating mechanism are each equipped with a triboelectric nanogenerator module and a microelectromechanical system pressure sensor.

3. The condition monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triboelectric nanogenerator unit includes a first electrode layer, a first friction layer, a second friction layer, and a second electrode layer; The first electrode layer is connected to the first fixing member, the first friction layer is disposed on the first electrode layer, the second friction layer is disposed on the second electrode layer, and the second electrode layer is connected to the second fixing member; The area of ​​the first friction layer is less than or equal to the area of ​​the second friction layer, and the friction direction between the first friction layer and the second friction layer is parallel to the movement direction of the spring.

4. The condition monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are made of copper foil or aluminum foil; The first friction layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene film, and the second friction layer is a polyimide film or a nylon film.

5. The condition monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, An elastic isolation pad is provided between the first friction layer and the second friction layer; The elastic insulating pad is made of silicone or polyurethane foam.

6. The condition monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a regulated power supply interface connected to both the control module and the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor, and a status indicator device connected to the control module, wherein the status indicator device is used to provide audible and visual signals and / or to communicate remotely with the background system.

7. A method for monitoring the state of a circuit breaker spring operating mechanism, characterized in that, The condition monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 performs condition monitoring on the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism, and the condition monitoring method includes the following steps: Obtain the output signal of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit; Based on the output signal, the corresponding microelectromechanical system pressure sensor is activated to collect data and obtain pressure data. Based on the output signal and the pressure data, the status monitoring results of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism are determined.

8. The condition monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Based on the output signal and the pressure data, the status monitoring results of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism are determined, including: The first state information is determined based on the amplitude, frequency, and decay time of the output signal; The second state information is determined based on the changing trend of the pressure data; The status monitoring result is determined based on the first status information and the second status information.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, After determining the status monitoring result of the circuit breaker spring operating mechanism based on the output signal and the pressure data, the status monitoring method further includes: If the status monitoring result is normal, the health curve of the spring is updated based on the output signal and the pressure data; If the status monitoring result is abnormal, an alarm signal will be issued.

10. An installation method, characterized in that, For installing the condition monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the installation method includes the following steps: Open the housing of the spring cylinder and embed the microelectromechanical system pressure sensor into the center of the limiting member; The crank shaft is mounted on the limiting member based on the movement path of the spring, so that the trigger end is located on the movement path, wherein the linkage end has been pre-connected to the first friction layer; The microelectromechanical system pressure sensor and the triboelectric nanogenerator unit are connected to the control module via wires; The second fastener is fixed to the inner wall of the housing based on the position of the first friction layer, so that there is a contact separation space between the first friction layer and the second friction layer after the housing is closed, wherein the second friction layer has been pre-connected to the second fastener; Close the housing.

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