Creeper tread lightweight design method and verification method and creeper tread
By combining finite element analysis and topology optimization design with 3D printing technology, the problem of balancing weight reduction and reliability in track plate design was solved, achieving efficient lightweight design and verification of track plates and ensuring the performance of the structure under complex working conditions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-20
AI Technical Summary
Existing track plate design methods cannot balance weight reduction and structural reliability, have long design cycles, high costs, and are difficult to meet stress requirements under complex working conditions.
A three-dimensional model of the track plate was established through finite element analysis, and static analysis and topology optimization design were carried out. Lightweight track plate samples were prepared by combining 3D printing technology and verified by bending simulation test. The design scheme with the highest weight reduction was selected.
It achieves rapid and accurate lightweight design of track plates, ensuring structural strength and durability, and improving the scientific nature and rationality of the design.
Smart Images
Figure CN121706164A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of lightweight design, and more particularly to a lightweight design method and verification method for track plates, as well as the track plate itself. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous development of industrial technology, the requirements for lightweight design in the field of engineering machinery are increasing. As a crucial component of the tracked chassis, the design quality and performance of track shoes directly affect the overall lightweighting level of the structure. Traditional track shoe design methods mainly rely on empirical and analogical design, resulting in long design cycles, high costs, and low efficiency. Furthermore, existing design methods struggle to meet the stress requirements under complex working conditions, easily leading to problems such as excessive structural weight or insufficient performance.
[0003] Currently, conventional track plate structure design suffers from numerous problems. First, the analysis of stress intensity and stiffness during the design process is often inaccurate, frequently employing simplified rigid connection models that fail to fully reflect the stress distribution under actual working conditions. Second, existing design methods struggle to effectively combine lightweighting and strength while simultaneously meeting performance requirements, resulting in designs that often fail to balance weight reduction and structural reliability. Finally, the lack of systematic, condition-based stress analysis makes it difficult to accurately assess the stress state of the structure in actual use, thus affecting the scientific rigor and rationality of the design.
[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new lightweight design and verification method for track plates to solve the problem that existing technologies cannot simultaneously achieve weight reduction and structural reliability. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lightweight design method and verification method for track plates, as well as a track plate itself. The track plate structure is optimized through topology optimization and verified through static analysis. Sample verification is used to select the track plate structure with the highest weight reduction.
[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the following technical solution is adopted:
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a lightweight design method and verification method for track plates, comprising the following steps:
[0008] Based on the usage scenario of the host machine with track plates installed, and similar track plate failure manifestations, the stress mode of the track plates is extracted, and the stress mode of the track plates is converted into concentrated loads that can be recognized by finite element software to establish a three-dimensional model of the track plates.
[0009] Import the 3D model of the track plate into the simulation software, input concentrated loads acting on the track plate into the simulation software, perform static analysis, and obtain the stress distribution and deformation data of the track plate.
[0010] In terms of volume fraction The maximum stress value in the stress distribution is used as a constraint. The structural topology optimization design is carried out with the minimum value in the deformation data of the track plate as the optimization objective. The topology optimization model of the track plate is established to obtain the optimized track plate design parameters.
[0011] According to different volume fractions The optimized track plate design parameters are used to establish a three-dimensional model of the track plate. The three-dimensional model of the track plate is then imported into the simulation software. The concentrated load is applied to the track plate in each three-dimensional model of the track plate, and static analysis is performed to verify the stress distribution and deformation data obtained after the static analysis. A lightweight three-dimensional model of the track plate that has passed the verification is obtained.
[0012] Lightweight track plates were fabricated using 3D printing technology based on a 3D model of the track plates. Bending simulation tests were then conducted to verify the lightweight track plates. Volume fractions of the verified lightweight track plates were then selected. The smallest track plate, in volume fraction The optimized parameters corresponding to the smallest track plate are used as the final design scheme.
[0013] Optionally, the step of establishing the three-dimensional model of the track plate includes: using three-dimensional software to draw three-dimensional models of the track plate, track links, and bolts, and the track plate is installed on the track links by bolts. The track plate includes the plate body and the bolt holes on the plate body, and the material properties are defined for the three-dimensional model of the track plate.
[0014] Optionally, the method of extracting the force of the track plate includes: the track plate is installed on the host machine, and the force information of the track plate under different working conditions is obtained according to the usage scenario of the host machine;
[0015] Based on the stress information and similar track plate failure behaviors, the stress mode of the track plate is extracted, which includes compression bending, torsion and combined bending and torsion.
[0016] Based on the above stress distribution, it is determined that the track plate mainly bears compressive and bending loads.
[0017] Optionally, the bending load in the finite element software is a concentrated load applied to the edge of the track plate.
[0018] Optionally, obtaining the stress distribution and deformation data of the track plate includes:
[0019] A 3D model of the track plate being bolted onto the track link is created. This 3D model is then imported into static analysis software for mesh generation. The curved surfaces of the track plate in the 3D model are meshed using a high-order tetrahedral mesh with a mesh size of 10mm. A 5mm mesh is set around the bolt holes of the track plate. The track plate and track link are constrained by bolts, and a preload is applied to the bolts to simulate the assembly state of the track plate and track link.
[0020] The load conditions are set according to the track plate bending condition, specifically including: applying a concentrated load on one edge of the track plate, the load size being 25% of the working weight of the host machine, and the boundary condition being a fixed track link;
[0021] Finite element analysis is performed to obtain stress distribution and deformation data. The stress distribution includes stress value, stress distribution range, maximum stress value and location of maximum stress value, and the deformation data includes maximum deformation amount.
[0022] Optionally, the structural topology optimization design includes: in the three-dimensional model of the track plate, keeping the bottom and side structures of the track plate unchanged, defining the upper surface structure of the track plate as the optimization region, with a target volume fraction. The maximum stress value in the stress distribution is used as a constraint, and the optimization objective is to minimize the value in the deformation data. The variable density method is used for topology optimization, the maximum number of iterations is set to 500, and the termination condition is that the convergence difference is less than 0.1%. The material distribution on the track plate is determined, and a lightweight three-dimensional model of the track plate is obtained.
[0023] Optionally, obtaining the verified lightweight track pads specifically includes:
[0024] According to volume fraction Structural topology optimization was performed on the 3D model of the track plate for 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60% weight reduction to obtain the optimized track plate design parameters for different weight reduction degrees. The optimized 3D model of the track plate was rebuilt based on the optimized track plate design parameters. During the modeling process, transition fillets were set in the transition area of the track plate with a radius of 5mm.
[0025] The four optimized track plate 3D models were imported into static analysis software. The same concentrated load was applied, and static analysis was performed to obtain stress distribution and deformation data. This data was compared with a preset range. If the stress distribution and deformation data were outside the preset range, the modeling software was returned to fine-tune the track plate. Fine-tuning included modifying fillet radius and adjusting material properties. The fine-tuned track plate 3D model was then subjected to static analysis again to obtain new stress distribution and deformation data, which were then compared with the preset range. This process was repeated until the stress distribution and deformation data were within the preset range, and the volume fraction was obtained. Three-dimensional models of lightweight track plates corresponding to 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60%.
[0026] Optionally, obtain the volume fraction. The smallest track plate includes: using 3D printing technology to prepare lightweight track plate samples from a validated lightweight track plate 3D model, and conducting compression-bending fatigue simulation tests on the samples for verification, including: firstly, calculating the total number of compression-bending fatigue simulation tests N using the following formula:
[0027] ;
[0028] In the formula, S represents the design life of the track plate, P represents the time percentage of the bending condition in all conditions, V represents the travel speed of the main unit, K represents the number of track segments, and L represents the track pitch.
[0029] The sample is then fixed on the bending simulation test fixture. The servo actuator is controlled by the control software to apply a cyclic load to one edge of the sample. The data acquisition module on the bending simulation test fixture collects and records the displacement curve of the load and sample deformation and the number of cyclic loads applied in real time.
[0030] After applying N cycles of simulated load, the samples were inspected using magnetic particle testing. The absence of cracks in the samples indicates that the corresponding lightweight track plate meets the design requirements. Based on the test results, samples meeting the requirements were selected for weight reduction, and the 3D model of the track plate with the highest weight reduction was chosen as the final design.
[0031] Secondly, the present invention provides a track plate, which is obtained by the track plate lightweight design method and verification method described in the first aspect.
[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:
[0033] The lightweight design and verification method for track plates provided by this invention utilizes finite element simulation to perform static analysis on the track plates, aiming for a target volume fraction. Using the maximum stress of the track plate as a constraint, and minimizing the value in the deformation data as the objective, multi-constraint topology optimization is performed on the track plate, through different volume fractions. The optimization results, combined with the strength of the track plate structure, enable lightweight design of track plates in various schemes. At the same time, 3D printing technology is used to prepare track plates with different degrees of weight reduction as bending test samples to carry out simulated working condition tests for verification. The durability and reliability of various design schemes are evaluated quickly and accurately. Based on the simulation test results, the appropriate lightweight scheme is selected as the final design model. Attached Figure Description
[0034] Figure 1This is a flowchart of the lightweight design method and verification method for track plates in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the track plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0036] Figure 3 This is a density cloud diagram of the track plate topology in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0037] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the optimized track plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the concentrated load location in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0040] 1. Track plate; 2. Track link; 3. Bolt. Detailed Implementation
[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use.
[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0043] Example 1
[0044] This embodiment provides a lightweight design method and verification method for track plates, such as... Figure 1 The above includes the following steps:
[0045] S1: Establish a 3D model of track plate 1; the structure of track plate 1 is the existing structure, and set material properties on track plate 1 to determine the material of track plate.
[0046] S2: Extraction of working load of track plate 1. Based on the usage scenario of the host machine on which track plate 1 is installed and similar failure manifestations of track plate 1, the stress mode of track plate 1 is extracted and converted into concentrated loads that can be recognized by finite element software. The stress load of track plate 1 obtained in the real scene is equivalent to concentrated loads for easy input into finite element software for recognition.
[0047] S3: Track plate simulation analysis. Import the three-dimensional model of track plate 1 into the simulation software, apply the concentrated load to track plate 1 and perform static analysis to obtain the stress distribution and deformation data of track plate 1. The stress distribution includes the maximum stress value and the location of the maximum stress value, as well as the location of stress concentration. The deformation data includes the maximum deformation displacement of track plate 1.
[0048] S4: Track plate structure topology optimization, in terms of volume fraction Given the maximum stress value in the stress distribution as a constraint, and taking the minimum value in the track plate deformation data as the optimization objective, structural topology optimization design is performed. The minimum value in the deformation data corresponds to the maximum stiffness. A topology optimization model is established, and the optimized design parameters of track plate 1 are obtained; where... .
[0049] S5: Develop a design scheme based on the topology optimization structure. Based on the optimized track plate 1 design parameters, create 3D models of the optimized track plate 1 with different volume fractions and import them into simulation software. Perform static analysis as described in step three on each optimized track plate 1, verifying the stress distribution and deformation data obtained after the static analysis. Obtain the verified lightweight track plate 1. Compare the stress distribution and deformation data obtained after the static analysis of the optimized track plate 1 with the preset stress distribution and deformation data. If the stress distribution and deformation data are not within the preset range, modify the 3D model until the stress distribution and deformation data corresponding to the modified model are within the preset range, indicating that the verification has passed. The final modified model is the lightweight track plate.
[0050] S6: Track plate bending simulation test verification. The lightweight track plate 1 is prepared using 3D printing technology, and the lightweight track plate 1 is subjected to bending simulation test verification. Among the lightweight track plates 1 that pass the verification, the track plate 1 with the smallest volume fraction is selected, and the optimization parameters corresponding to the track plate 1 with the smallest volume fraction are obtained.
[0051] In this embodiment, the stress distribution of track plate 1 is obtained by static analysis using finite element method software. Topology optimization is performed with the target volume fraction and the maximum stress of the track plate as constraints. Different optimized structures correspond to different volume fractions, and the optimized structures are the optimized track plates. Static analysis is performed on the optimized track plates to verify their structural strength. At the same time, 3D printing technology is used to prepare different optimized track plates as bending test samples, and the samples are screened through experiments to further ensure the structural safety of the track plates. Finally, the sample with the smallest volume fraction that meets the test requirements is obtained, and the optimization parameters corresponding to this sample are the final optimization scheme.
[0052] Example 2
[0053] This embodiment provides a lightweight design method and verification method for track plates.
[0054] In step 1, as Figure 2 , Figure 5As shown, a 3D model of the track plate was drawn using 3D software. A 3D model of the track link 2 and the bolt 3 was also drawn. In the model, the track plate 1 is mounted on the track link 2 by the bolt 3. The track plate 1 includes the plate body and the bolt 3 holes on the plate body.
[0055] In step 2, based on the actual usage of track plate 1, i.e., track plate 1 is installed on the host machine, and according to the usage scenario of the host machine, the stress information of track plate 1 under different working conditions is obtained. For example, the usage scenario is rock, soft soil, etc. The contact objects of track plate 1 are different under different scenarios, resulting in different stresses on track plate 1. The stress information includes the type of stress, the direction of stress, and the magnitude of stress. After determining the stress information of track plate 1 under different working conditions, it is combined with similar track plate 1 failure manifestations, such as track plate 1 cracking, edge chipping, etc., to determine the stress mode of track plate 1. The specific stress modes of track plate 1 include compression bending, torsion, and combined bending and torsion. It is determined that track plate 1 mainly bears compression bending load, that is, the stress mode of track plate 1 is compression bending load. The compression bending load is converted into a concentrated load that can be recognized by finite element software. Moreover, based on the fault manifestation of track plate 1, it is determined that the concentrated load acts at the edge of track plate 1. The load of track plate 1 during actual use is converted into a concentrated load acting at the edge of track plate 1 and input into finite element software for simulation.
[0056] In step 3, the 3D model imported into the simulation software also includes track link 2 and bolt 3. Track plate 1 is mounted on track link 2 via bolt 3. The 3D model of track plate 1 mounted on track link 2 via bolt 3 is imported into the static analysis software for mesh generation. Since the surface of track plate 1 is relatively complex, a high-order tetrahedral mesh with a mesh size of 10mm is used on the surface of track plate 1 in the model. For areas prone to stress concentration, such as around the bolt 3 holes, a mesh with a size of 5mm is set for mesh generation. Track plate 1 and track link 2 are connected together by bolt 3, and a preload is applied to the bolt 3 to simulate the actual assembly process of track plate 1 and track link 2. The load conditions are set according to the bending condition of track plate 1, that is, the concentrated load acting on the edge of track plate 1 obtained in step 2. Specifically, a concentrated load is applied to one edge of track plate 1. The load magnitude is related to the working weight of the host machine and is usually set to 25% of the working weight of the host machine. The boundary condition is fixed track link 2. Perform finite element analysis to obtain stress distribution and deformation data, and record the maximum stress value and maximum deformation.
[0057] In step 4, the bottom and side structures of track plate 1 are kept unchanged, and the upper surface structure of track plate 1 is defined as the optimization region. The target volume fraction and the maximum stress value obtained from the bending condition analysis are used as constraints, and the optimization objective is to maximize structural stiffness. Topology optimization is performed using the variable density method, such as... Figure 3As shown in the figure, A, B, C, and D are the density cloud maps of the topology of track plate 1 corresponding to volume fractions of 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60%, respectively. The maximum number of iterations is set to 500, and the termination condition is that the convergence difference is less than 0.1%. The material distribution is determined, and the optimized track plate 1 structure is obtained.
[0058] In step 5, as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, A, B, C, and D are the 3D diagrams of the optimized track plate structure corresponding to 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60% of the volume fraction, respectively. According to the optimization results of 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60% of the volume fraction, the structural layout of track plate 1 with different weight reduction degrees is obtained. Track plate 1 is remodeled according to the optimized design parameters to ensure that the transition area of the model is smooth and without sharp points, and the transition fillet radius is 5mm. Static analysis was performed on the track plate 1 structure of the above four optimization schemes under the same boundary conditions and concentrated loads as in step 3. The stress distribution and deformation data of the optimized track plate 1 were obtained. These stress distribution and deformation data were compared with preset ranges. For example, reasonable preset ranges were set for stress concentration range, maximum stress, deformation range, and maximum deformation displacement. After comparison, for stress distribution or deformation data that were not within the preset range, the model was fine-tuned in the modeling software. Fine-tuning included modifying the transition fillets of track plate 1 and modifying material properties. Static analysis was performed on the modified model again, and the obtained stress distribution and deformation data were compared with the preset range. The above modification-analysis process was repeated until the obtained stress distribution and deformation data were within the preset range, ensuring that the stress of the new model was within an acceptable range. Optimized track plate 1 models with volume fractions of 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60% were obtained.
[0059] In step 6, the optimized track plate 1 obtained in step 5 is prepared using 3D printing technology as a test sample, and the sample is subjected to a bending fatigue simulation test for verification. Specifically, optimized track plate 1 samples with volume fractions of 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60% are prepared using 3D printing technology, and bending fatigue simulation tests are conducted for verification. First, the total number of bending fatigue simulation tests is determined. Since the track plate 1 is installed on the host machine, the total number of bending fatigue simulation tests N needs to be calculated based on the proportion of the track plate 1 under bending conditions during host machine operation and the design life of the track plate 1. The total number of bending fatigue simulation tests N is calculated using the following formula:
[0060] ;
[0061] In the formula, S represents the design life of track plate 1, P represents the time percentage of the bending condition in all conditions, V represents the main engine travel speed, K represents the number of track sections, and L represents the track pitch.
[0062] The time percentage of the bending condition in all working conditions is determined by the host type, working scenario, and working intensity. In this embodiment, the time percentage of the bending condition in all working conditions can be selected from existing engineering statistics. First, the host type of the track plate 1 provided in this embodiment is determined, and then the time percentage of the bending condition corresponding to the track plate 1 in all working conditions is selected according to the working scenario and working intensity of the host type.
[0063] After determining the total number N of the compression-bending fatigue simulation test for track plate 1, the track plate 1 sample was fixed on the compression-bending simulation test fixture. The vertical servo actuator was then controlled by the control software to apply a cyclic load to one edge of track plate 1. Figure 5 As shown, the blue arrows indicate the locations where cyclic loads were applied. The load-displacement curves and the number of cyclic loads applied were collected and recorded in real time by the data acquisition module. After a total of N cyclic loads were applied in the simulation test, the track plate 1 was inspected by magnetic particle testing. The absence of cracks in the track plate 1 indicates that the scheme meets the lightweight design requirements. Based on the test results, the weight reduction degree that meets the requirements was selected, and the model with the highest weight reduction degree (smallest volume fraction) was selected as the final design scheme.
[0064] In the above process, the purpose of step 2 is to determine the main loads borne by track plate 1 in actual use, so as to input appropriate loads into the statics software for simulation in step 3. During the design, steps 1, 3, and 4 can be prioritized. Steps 1, 3, and 4 are the design process. Through modeling, static analysis, and topology optimization, a preliminary optimized track plate 1 structure is obtained. Steps 5 and 6 are the verification and screening process. In step 5, the stress distribution and deformation data obtained from static analysis are used to judge and fine-tune the model. Through repeated analysis and fine-tuning, the selected track plate 1 structure model meets the stress requirements. In step 6, track plate 1 samples are made, and track plate 1 structures that meet the test requirements are screened in actual bending tests. Then, the track plate 1 structure with the highest weight reduction is selected from the track plate 1 structures that meet the test requirements as the final structure. The optimized parameters corresponding to this track plate 1 are determined as the final design scheme.
[0065] In this embodiment, the verification-fine-tuning step 5 ensures that the track plate 1 meets the stress requirements. The verification-screening step 6 selects the optimal design scheme. While meeting the structural requirements of the track plate 1, a lightweight track plate 1 is designed. The scientific nature and reliability of the track plate 1 design process are improved by printing track plate 1 samples for testing.
[0066] Example 3
[0067] This embodiment provides a track plate based on Embodiment 2. The track plate is obtained using the design and verification methods provided in Embodiment 2. This track plate meets the stress requirements during use and achieves the highest weight reduction compared to existing structures, ensuring the track plate's lightweight design. This track plate can be installed on various engineering vehicles, improving the overall lightweighting of the vehicle.
[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A lightweight design method and verification method for track plates, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the usage scenario of the host machine with track plates installed, and similar track plate failure manifestations, the stress mode of the track plates is extracted, and the stress mode of the track plates is converted into concentrated loads that can be recognized by finite element software to establish a three-dimensional model of the track plates. Import the 3D model of the track plate into the simulation software, input concentrated loads acting on the track plate into the simulation software, perform static analysis, and obtain the stress distribution and deformation data of the track plate. In terms of volume fraction The maximum stress value in the stress distribution is used as a constraint. The structural topology optimization design is carried out with the minimum value in the deformation data of the track plate as the optimization objective. The topology optimization model of the track plate is established to obtain the optimized track plate design parameters. According to different volume fractions The optimized track plate design parameters are used to establish a three-dimensional model of the track plate. The three-dimensional model of the track plate is then imported into the simulation software. The concentrated load is applied to the track plate in each three-dimensional model of the track plate, and static analysis is performed to verify the stress distribution and deformation data obtained after the static analysis. A lightweight three-dimensional model of the track plate that has passed the verification is obtained. Lightweight track plates were fabricated using 3D printing technology based on a 3D model of the track plates. Bending simulation tests were then conducted to verify the lightweight track plates. Volume fractions of the verified lightweight track plates were then selected. The smallest track plate, in volume fraction The optimized parameters corresponding to the smallest track plate are used as the final design scheme.
2. The lightweight design method and verification method for track plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of creating a three-dimensional model of the track plate includes: using three-dimensional software to draw three-dimensional models of the track plate, track links, and bolts; the track plate is installed on the track links by bolts; the track plate includes the plate body and bolt holes on the plate body; and defining material properties for the three-dimensional model of the track plate.
3. The lightweight design and verification method for track plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of extracting the force on the track plate includes: the track plate is installed on the host machine, and the force information of the track plate under different working conditions is obtained according to the usage scenario of the host machine; Based on the stress information and similar track plate failure behaviors, the stress mode of the track plate is extracted, which includes compression bending, torsion and combined bending and torsion. Based on the above stress distribution, it is determined that the track plate mainly bears compressive and bending loads.
4. The lightweight design and verification method for track plates according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bending load in the finite element software is a concentrated load applied to the edge of the track plate.
5. The lightweight design method and verification method for track plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The obtained stress distribution and deformation data of the track plates include: A 3D model of the track plate being bolted onto the track link is created. This 3D model is then imported into static analysis software for mesh generation. The curved surfaces of the track plate in the 3D model are meshed using a high-order tetrahedral mesh with a mesh size of 10mm. A 5mm mesh is set around the bolt holes of the track plate. The track plate and track link are constrained by bolts, and a preload is applied to the bolts to simulate the assembly state of the track plate and track link. The load conditions are set according to the track plate bending condition, specifically including: applying a concentrated load on one edge of the track plate, the load size being 25% of the working weight of the host machine, and the boundary condition being a fixed track link; Finite element analysis is performed to obtain stress distribution and deformation data. The stress distribution includes stress value, stress distribution range, maximum stress value and location of maximum stress value, and the deformation data includes maximum deformation amount.
6. The lightweight design method and verification method for track plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural topology optimization design includes: in the 3D model of the track plate, keeping the bottom and side structures of the track plate unchanged, defining the upper surface structure of the track plate as the optimization region, with a target volume fraction. The maximum stress value in the stress distribution is used as a constraint, and the optimization objective is to minimize the value in the deformation data. The variable density method is used for topology optimization, the maximum number of iterations is set to 500, and the termination condition is that the convergence difference is less than 0.1%. The material distribution on the track plate is determined, and a lightweight three-dimensional model of the track plate is obtained.
7. The lightweight design and verification method for track plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the verified lightweight track plates specifically includes: According to volume fraction Structural topology optimization was performed on the 3D model of the track plate for 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60% weight reduction to obtain the optimized track plate design parameters for different weight reduction degrees. The optimized 3D model of the track plate was rebuilt based on the optimized track plate design parameters. During the modeling process, transition fillets were set in the transition area of the track plate with a radius of 5mm. The four optimized track plate 3D models were imported into static analysis software. The same concentrated load was applied, and static analysis was performed to obtain stress distribution and deformation data. This data was compared with a preset range. If the stress distribution and deformation data were outside the preset range, the modeling software was returned to fine-tune the track plate. Fine-tuning included modifying fillet radius and adjusting material properties. The fine-tuned track plate 3D model was then subjected to static analysis again to obtain new stress distribution and deformation data, which were then compared with the preset range. This process was repeated until the stress distribution and deformation data were within the preset range, and the volume fraction was obtained. Three-dimensional models of lightweight track plates corresponding to 90%, 80%, 70%, and 60%.
8. The lightweight design method and verification method for track plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtain volume fraction The smallest track plate includes: using 3D printing technology to prepare lightweight track plate samples from a validated lightweight track plate 3D model, and conducting compression-bending fatigue simulation tests on the samples for verification, including: firstly, calculating the total number of compression-bending fatigue simulation tests N using the following formula: ； In the formula, S represents the design life of the track plate, P represents the time percentage of the bending condition in all conditions, V represents the travel speed of the main unit, K represents the number of track segments, and L represents the track pitch. The sample is then fixed on the bending simulation test fixture. The servo actuator is controlled by the control software to apply a cyclic load to one edge of the sample. The data acquisition module on the bending simulation test fixture collects and records the displacement curve of the load and sample deformation and the number of cyclic loads applied in real time. After applying N cycles of simulated load, the samples were inspected using magnetic particle testing. The absence of cracks in the samples indicates that the corresponding lightweight track plate meets the design requirements. Based on the test results, samples meeting the requirements were selected for weight reduction, and the 3D model of the track plate with the highest weight reduction was chosen as the final design.
9. A track pad, characterized in that, The track plate is obtained using the lightweight design method and verification method for track plates as described in any one of claims 1-8.