Method for improving heat resistance of wheat

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural biology, and provides a method for improving heat resistance of wheat, which specifically comprises the following steps: spraying exogenous agmatine to wheat plants, and spraying agmatine once in the elongation stage of the planted wheat in a field experiment; spraying once again when the wheat grows to a heading stage, and covering the experimental plots by using a plastic greenhouse to create a high-temperature environment. Experimental results show that the green-keeping period of the wheat under high-temperature stress can be prolonged by spraying agmatine, so that the wheat is late matured for 2-3 days, the filling time is increased, grains are fuller and thousand grain weight compared with a control group, and the yield per hectare is remarkably increased. The method for improving the heat resistance of the wheat, provided by the invention, is simple and convenient to operate, effectively enhances the heat resistance of the wheat in a mature period, provides a powerful guarantee for stable growth and yield increase of the wheat in a high-temperature environment, and has a wide application prospect and an important practical value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural biology, and specifically relates to a method for improving the heat resistance of wheat. Background Technology

[0002] wheat( Triticum aestivum Wheat (L.) is a widely cultivated food crop worldwide. Extreme climates such as hot, dry winds severely impact wheat yield, with water imbalance and suppressed photosynthesis during the grain-filling stage being key limiting factors. High temperatures exacerbate plant transpiration, leading to premature aging, a shortened grain-filling period, and a decrease in thousand-grain weight, resulting in yield reductions of over 30% in severe cases. A significant decrease in wheat grain-filling rate, thousand-grain weight, and number of grains per ear is the main reason for yield reduction caused by high-temperature stress.

[0003] In vivo, agmatine (AGM) is produced by the decarboxylation of arginine by arginine decarboxylase (ADC) on the mitochondrial membrane. Currently, agmatine, used clinically, is mainly for regulating vasomotor activity and anti-inflammatory effects in humans; however, its application in agriculture is relatively limited. The applicant's prior application, CN113558060B, discloses the application of agmatine as a plant drought-resistant agent, specifically by spraying an aqueous solution of agmatine at the seedling and jointing stages of wheat, with a specified spraying concentration. This method achieved good technical results, but it does not mention the effect of agmatine on plant heat tolerance.

[0004] The inventors' research revealed that high temperatures primarily affect wheat's physiological metabolism and developmental rhythm through heat damage, while drought mainly restricts growth and metabolic activities through water shortage. Although these two conditions often occur simultaneously, their mechanisms of action and countermeasures are fundamentally different. Relying solely on existing technologies makes it difficult to determine the effectiveness of guanidine on plant heat tolerance. With global warming, high-temperature stress is affecting a large area and occurring frequently, inevitably severely impacting wheat yield and quality. Therefore, researching methods to improve wheat's heat tolerance has significant theoretical and practical implications for ensuring food security. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above, this invention provides a method for improving the heat resistance of wheat. Specifically, it involves spraying exogenous guanidine amine onto wheat plants. In field experiments, the planted wheat was sprayed with guanidine amine once at the jointing stage and again at the heading stage. A high-temperature environment was created by covering the experimental plots with plastic greenhouses. Experimental results show that spraying guanidine amine can prolong the green period of wheat under high-temperature stress, delaying maturity by 2-3 days, increasing the grain-filling time, and resulting in fuller grains compared to the control group. The thousand-grain weight and yield per hectare are significantly increased. The method for improving the heat resistance of wheat provided by this invention is simple to operate and effectively enhances the heat resistance of wheat during the maturity stage, providing a strong guarantee for the stable growth and increased yield of wheat under high-temperature environments. It has broad application prospects and significant practical value.

[0006] Based on existing research findings, this application selects the following technical solution for implementation in order to improve the heat resistance of wheat: Spray 2.5g-3g / mu of guanidine amine aqueous solution at the jointing stage and the heading stage of winter wheat growing in normal field, respectively. The spraying sites are the leaves at the jointing stage and the ears at the heading stage; furthermore, the concentration of the guanidine amine aqueous solution is 200μM / L.

[0007] To verify the effect of the above operation on improving the heat resistance of wheat, the inventors subjected winter wheat to high temperature stress from the heading stage to maturity, during which normal water and fertilizer management was carried out, which served as the experimental group; the control group was sprayed with the same amount of water as the experimental group, and the other conditions were the same as the experimental group; at the maturity stage, the wheat was harvested, and the grain plumpness, thousand-grain weight and yield per hectare of wheat sprayed with guanidine (experimental group) and wheat sprayed with water (control group) under high temperature stress were statistically analyzed.

[0008] The high-temperature stress simulation method is as follows: On May 1, plastic sheds were placed over the experimental group and the control group to simulate a high-temperature environment, ensuring that the average daily temperature inside the shed was higher than 35°C. During this period, normal water and fertilizer management was carried out until harvest on June 1, with the time controlled at about 30 days.

[0009] Experimental results showed that the wheat maturity period was delayed in the guanidine-treated group (AGM) compared to the water-treated control group (CK). Figure 1 B) can increase the grain-filling time; and the experimental group (AGM) had better grain plumpness, higher thousand-grain weight, and higher yield per hectare compared to the water control group (CK). Figure 2 Specifically, the thousand-grain weight increases by about 1g, and the yield per hectare can increase by about 450kg.

[0010] In summary, this invention is the first to demonstrate that spraying guanidine can improve the heat resistance of wheat, prolong the green period of wheat under high-temperature stress, delay wheat maturity by 2-3 days, increase the grain-filling time, and result in fuller grains compared to the control group, with significantly increased thousand-grain weight and yield per hectare. The method for improving wheat heat resistance provided by this invention is simple to operate and effectively enhances the heat resistance of wheat during the maturity stage, providing strong support for stable growth and increased yield of wheat under high-temperature environments. It has broad application prospects and significant practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 To simulate a high-temperature environment under plastic canopy and to compare the maturity periods of the experimental and control groups, A is a schematic diagram of a plastic canopy simulating a high-temperature environment; B is a comparison of the maturity periods of the experimental group and the control group. Figure 2 The experimental results are for the experimental group and the control group. Where A is a comparison of grain plumpness between the experimental group and the control group; B is a statistical analysis of the thousand-grain weight between the experimental group and the control group; C is a statistical analysis of the yield per hectare between the experimental group and the control group. In the figure, CK represents the control group; AGM represents the experimental group; * indicates a p-value < 0.05, indicating a significant difference. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the following embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The wheat field management in the following embodiments refers to the management scheme recorded in "Wang Zehuai. High-yield planting and pest and disease control technology of wheat - a case study of a county in Heze City [J]. Rural Science Experiment, 2025, (24): 82-84. DOI:10.20264 / j.cnki.rse.2025.24.029", and the inventor will not repeat it again.

[0013] Example 1: A method for improving the heat resistance of wheat, the specific steps of which are as follows: Six field plots, each 6m wide and 1.5m long, were designed. In mid-October, 150g of wheat seeds were evenly sown in each plot. The wheat variety selected for the experiment was Jimai 379, and normal field management was carried out during the period.

[0014] In April of the following year, when the wheat reached the jointing stage, three plots were sprayed with 1.5L of 200μM / L guanidineamine aqueous solution as the experimental group. The spraying method was large-area spraying, and the spraying site was the leaves. The other three plots were sprayed with the same volume of water as the experimental group as the control group. The spraying method was large-area spraying, and the spraying site was the leaves. During this period, normal water and fertilizer management was carried out on the wheat. In May, when the wheat reached the heading stage, each plot in the experimental group was sprayed again with 1.5L of guanidine amine aqueous solution at a concentration of 200μM / L; each plot in the control group was sprayed again with the same volume of water as the experimental group. At the same time, plastic greenhouses were used to cover all the plots to create a high-temperature environment until the wheat matured. Figure 1 As shown in A), the harvest time was from May 1st to June 1st. The recorded average daily temperature inside the shed was 35℃-37℃, and the average daily temperature outside the shed was 25℃-30℃.

[0015] Record the ripening time of the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group ripened 2-3 days later than the control group. Figure 1 (As shown in B), the criteria for determining maturity are that the plant is withered and the grains are hard. When the plants reach maturity, the grain plumpness, thousand-grain weight, and yield per hectare are measured in both the experimental and control groups. Grain plumpness can be directly observed. The thousand-grain weight is calculated by randomly selecting 1000 grains from each group and weighing them three times; the average of these three measurements is the thousand-grain weight. After harvesting each plot, the grains are weighed, and the yield per hectare is calculated based on the plot weights.

[0016] The experimental results are as follows: like Figure 1 As shown in Figure B, spraying the experimental group with guanidine amine solution delayed wheat maturity by 2-3 days, prolonged the greening period of wheat under high temperature stress, and increased the grain-filling time; the grains in the experimental group were fuller compared to the control group. Figure 2 As shown in A), the weight of a thousand grains ( Figure 2 As shown in B), yield per hectare ( Figure 2 (As shown in C) Significantly improved, specifically, the thousand-grain weight increased by about 1g, and the yield per hectare increased by about 450kg; the above experimental results show that spraying guanidine can improve the heat resistance of wheat during the ripening period, thereby increasing wheat yield.

[0017] The inventors also conducted field spraying experiments with guanidine aqueous solutions at concentrations of 50 μM / L, 100 μM / L, and 300 μM / L. The results showed that when the concentration of guanidine aqueous solution was below 200 μM / L, the yield-increasing effect was significantly affected. When the concentration of guanidine aqueous solution was above 200 μM / L, the yield-increasing effect did not improve compared to 200 μM / L and remained basically the same. The heat resistance performance was not further improved, but the cost of field application increased. Therefore, 200 μM / L of guanidine aqueous solution was the optimal application concentration selected by the inventors, and the corresponding dosage was 2.5 g-3 g / mu per spraying.

[0018] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the heat resistance of wheat, characterized in that, The method involves spraying a guanidine amine aqueous solution during the critical growth period of wheat.

2. The method for improving the heat resistance of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that, The key growth stages for wheat are the jointing and heading stages, and the concentration of guanidine amine aqueous solution sprayed is 200 μM / L.

3. The method for improving the heat resistance of wheat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The spraying sites during the jointing and heading stages are the leaves during the jointing stage and the ears during the heading stage.

4. The method for improving the heat resistance of wheat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The application rate of guanidine aqueous solution is 2.5g-3g / mu per spray.

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