Winter rye and sunflower crop rotation method based on Coilin sandy land

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly discloses a winter rye and sunflower crop rotation method based on a Coilexin sandy land, which comprises the following steps: S1, sowing winter rye in the Coilexin sandy land 40-60 days before the wintering period; s2, 20-30 days before the winter rye is harvested, sunflower seedlings are raised by adopting a seedling raising substrate; s3, when the winter rye enters a complete ripening stage, harvesting grains and straws, and removing the grains and the straws out of the Coerquin sandy land plot after high stubbles are left; s4, after the winter rye is harvested, performing rotary tillage, soil preparation and ridging on the Kilexin sand land parcel immediately, and transplanting the robust sunflower seedlings with lumps to ridges to complete transplanting; s5, timely harvesting after the robust sunflower seedlings are mature; through annual crop rotation of the winter rye and the sunflowers, double cropping of the sand land in one year is achieved, and grain and oil supply and farmer income increase are both considered; soil nutrient imbalance caused by continuous cropping of a single crop is avoided through crop rotation, and after the winter rye is harvested, high straw stubble can reduce the wind erosion modulus and reduce the wind erosion amount.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agriculture, specifically relating to a method for rotating winter rye and sunflower in the Horqin Sandy Land. Background Technology

[0002] my country has a vast area of ​​sandy land, such as the Horqin Sandy Land, where the soil is mainly wind-blown sandy soil, which has prominent problems such as low organic matter content, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, and severe wind erosion.

[0003] Traditional sandy land agriculture often follows a single-crop-per-year system, such as monoculture of corn or planting one season of miscellaneous grains. This approach aims to reduce planting risks by selecting a highly adaptable single crop. However, this model has several significant drawbacks: low land utilization and severe waste of light and heat resources. The long winter and spring seasons leave the land exposed and fallow, not only failing to generate economic benefits but also leading to severe wind erosion and desertification, and a fragile ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a winter rye and sunflower rotation method based on the Horqin Sandy Land, so as to solve the problem of low land use efficiency of traditional sandy land planting methods mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A winter rye-sunflower rotation method based on Horqin Sandy Land includes:

[0007] S1. Sow winter rye in the Horqin Sandy Land plot 40-60 days before the start of the overwintering period;

[0008] The winters in the Horqin Sandy Land are cold and long. Sowing 40-60 days in advance allows winter rye to complete its seedling growth before winter, forming a strong root system and cold-resistant plants (winter rye needs to undergo vernalization to produce ears normally), accumulating enough cold-resistant substances (such as soluble sugars) and avoiding winter frost damage.

[0009] S2. 20-30 days before the winter rye harvest, sunflower seedlings are raised using a seedling substrate to obtain robust sunflower seedlings. The seedling substrate consists of the following components in the following volume ratio: 55-65% sandy loam, 20-30% well-rotted organic fertilizer, and 8-12% water-retaining agent.

[0010] By adopting the "seedling transplanting" model, early seedling raising can avoid the time difference between winter rye harvest and sunflower planting, and increase the multiple cropping index in sandy areas (sandy areas have a short frost-free period, and direct seeding of sunflowers may cause them to miss the best growing season); the seedling substrate is prepared according to the ratio of "sandy loam soil + well-rotted organic fertilizer + water-retaining agent", which can specifically solve the problems of "poor water retention and low fertility" in sandy areas (sandy loam soil is suitable for sandy land, organic fertilizer supplements fertility, and water-retaining agent locks in moisture).

[0011] S3. Harvest the grains when the winter rye reaches full maturity, and remove the straw from the Horqin Sandy Land after leaving a high stubble.

[0012] Harvesting winter rye at full maturity ensures yield, and leaving high stubble can directly cover the sandy soil surface, reducing surface exposure in winter / after harvest, and reducing wind and sand erosion of the soil (sandy soil particles are loose and easily blown away by the wind without cover). Moreover, stubble cover reduces surface temperature fluctuations by 5-8℃, reducing the damage of extreme temperatures to soil microorganisms and maintaining soil activity.

[0013] S4. Immediately after the winter rye harvest, the Horqin Sandy Land plot is rotary tilled, prepared, and ridged. The robust sunflower seedlings are then transplanted onto the ridges with their clumps intact to complete the transplanting.

[0014] Rotary tillage after harvest can break up soil compaction (soil tends to compact after winter rye growth), ridging can increase surface temperature (sandy soil has low temperature, and the ridge surface absorbs heat quickly), and transplanting with the root ball can protect the sunflower root system (sandy soil is loose, and bare-root transplanting can easily damage the roots).

[0015] S5. Harvest the robust sunflower seedlings in a timely manner after they mature to complete a full crop rotation cycle and prepare for the next round of winter rye sowing.

[0016] The alternating planting of sunflowers throughout the year, with winter rye (which requires more nitrogen and less phosphorus) and sunflowers (which require more phosphorus and less nitrogen), can balance the consumption of soil nutrients and form a cycle of soil nutrients.

[0017] Winter rye can be harvested for grain, and sunflowers can be harvested for oilseeds, achieving "two harvests a year" (compared to only one harvest in traditional monoculture in sandy areas), thus increasing the total yield of sunflowers per mu.

[0018] Preferably, the stubble height of the straw is 15-20cm.

[0019] The prevailing wind in the Horqin Sandy Land is northwest wind. A stubble height of 15-20cm can effectively block near-surface sandstorms (sandstorms mainly harm the 0-30cm surface layer). Avoid leaving stubble too low (<10cm) to cover the surface, or too high (>25cm) to be easily blown down by the wind or hinder subsequent rotary tillage.

[0020] A 15-20cm stubble can be pulverized and returned to the field or removed using a conventional rotary tiller without the need for special equipment. If the stubble is too high, it needs to be cut, which increases the cost of cultivation.

[0021] Preferably, the sunflower is an edible sunflower.

[0022] Edible sunflowers are drought-resistant, tolerant of poor soil and saline-alkali soil (the soil in some areas of the Horqin Sandy Land is alkaline). Their deep root system (which can reach a depth of 2-3m) can absorb deep water in the sandy soil, making them more suitable for the arid environment of sandy land than rapeseed, peanuts and other sunflowers.

[0023] As a type of edible sunflower, the seeds contain 40%-50% oil, making them highly valuable. Furthermore, sunflowers can be rotated with winter rye (a grain crop) to meet industry needs and avoid the selection of low-value oil crops (such as sesame) or unsuitable crops (such as rapeseed, which requires a lot of water). In addition, the deep root system of sunflowers can break up the deep compaction layer of sandy soil, increase soil porosity, and create a good root environment for the growth of winter rye in the next season.

[0024] Preferably, the sunflowers are shaded during the seedling raising process, with a shading rate of 30%-35%.

[0025] The Horqin Sandy Land has strong sunlight and high ultraviolet radiation. During the seedling stage (when seedlings are fragile), excessive sunlight can easily lead to rapid transpiration and water loss from the leaves, as well as leaf scorching (resulting in scorched spots). A 30%-35% shading rate can filter out some of the strong light and create a "mild light environment" (light intensity maintained at 30,000-40,000 lux, which meets the growth requirements of sunflower seedlings). When the seedlings reach the 2-leaf-1-heart stage, thinning should be carried out (keeping strong individual seedlings) to prevent leggy seedlings (seedling height controlled at 8-12cm, stem diameter ≥0.3cm).

[0026] Preferably, the specifications for the raised beds are: the width of the large raised bed is 80cm, the width of the small raised bed is 40cm, and the sunflower seedlings are planted in the center of the raised bed.

[0027] Sandy soil has poor water retention. Wide ridges (80cm) can increase the surface area of ​​the ridges and raise the surface temperature (2-3℃ higher than flat planting), promoting root growth. Small ridges (40cm) provide space for ventilation (reducing field humidity and lowering the risk of disease) and drip irrigation pipe installation (drip irrigation pipes are buried between small ridges for precise water supply).

[0028] Sunflower seedlings are transplanted using a wide-ridge method, which ensures that each plant has enough space to grow (the width of the wide ridge meets the requirements for the sunflower leaves to unfold), and avoids overcrowding and insufficient light caused by equal ridges (such as 60cm equal ridges).

[0029] Preferably, the transplanting depth of the robust sunflower seedlings is 2-3 cm above the surface of the original seedling substrate, the planting spacing is 30-35 cm, and 3000-3200 seedlings are planted per acre.

[0030] By extending the soil 2-3cm above the surface of the original seedling substrate, the seedling roots can be completely buried in the soil, avoiding root exposure (in sandy areas where wind is strong, exposed roots are prone to water loss and drying out). At the same time, avoid being too deep (>5cm) which can lead to root rot due to lack of oxygen, and too shallow (<1cm) which can cause the seedlings to fall over.

[0031] A plant spacing of 30-35cm ensures that each plant receives sufficient light and nutrients (sunflower leaves are large, and plants that are too close together can easily block light). A density of 3000-3200 plants per acre can balance the yield per plant and the yield of the entire plant population, avoiding overly dense (>3500 plants) plants that result in small plant heads and overly sparse (<2800 plants) plants that waste sandy land resources.

[0032] Preferably, the decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed cow or sheep manure with an organic matter content of ≥45%;

[0033] Sandy soils have extremely low organic matter content (usually <1%). Well-rotted cow and sheep manure can provide sufficient organic matter (≥45% to ensure fertility), improve soil aggregate structure (avoiding loose or compacted sandy soil), and at the same time, the decomposition treatment (composting for 30-45 days at a temperature of 55-65℃) can kill insect eggs and pathogens, and prevent raw manure from burning seedlings.

[0034] The sandy loam soil is a sandy soil with no pesticide residues;

[0035] If there are pesticide residues in sandy soil (such as residues from previous crops), it can cause root poisoning and stunted growth in sunflower seedlings. Sandy loam soil without residues can ensure the safe growth of seedlings.

[0036] The water-retaining agent is a polyacrylamide-based or starch-grafted acrylate superabsorbent resin.

[0037] This type of water-retaining agent has strong water absorption (it can absorb 200-500 times its own weight in water) and slowly releases water in sandy areas (avoiding rapid water loss). It is suitable for arid sandy environments and has a better water retention effect and longer duration than ordinary water-retaining agents (such as bentonite).

[0038] Preferably, the robust sunflower seedlings are irrigated with root-setting water within 12 hours after transplanting through a drip irrigation system shallowly buried between the rows;

[0039] During the subsequent growing season, drip irrigation will be carried out according to soil moisture conditions, and pest and disease control and weeding measures will be implemented.

[0040] After transplanting, the seedling roots are not yet in close contact with the soil, making them prone to water loss and wilting. Drip irrigation within 12 hours can quickly moisten the soil around the roots (drip irrigation provides precise water supply, avoiding the deep seepage of water in sandy soil caused by flooding), promoting root development.

[0041] Sandy soils evaporate quickly, and soil moisture content can easily drop below 10%. Drip irrigation based on moisture levels can ensure water supply during critical growth periods (flowering and grain-filling stages) and prevent drought-induced yield reduction. Timely prevention and control can reduce plant damage. Cultivation and weeding can prevent weeds (such as barnyard grass and foxtail grass) from competing for nutrients and water (weeds consume 30%-50% of the water of crops), while cultivation can also loosen the soil and increase aeration.

[0042] Preferably, the pH value of the seedling substrate is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, and the adjustment method is as follows:

[0043] If the substrate pH is < 6.5, add quicklime at a rate of 5-10 g / m³.

[0044] If the substrate pH is greater than 7.5, add humic acid at a rate of 10-15 g / m³.

[0045] During the seedling stage, after the cotyledons unfold, spray the leaves with a mixture of 0.03% urea and 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once a week; at the same time, control watering according to the principle of letting the soil dry out between waterings.

[0046] The optimal pH range for sunflower seedling growth is slightly acidic to neutral (6.5-7.5). If the substrate pH is <6.5 (acidic), it will inhibit the absorption of phosphorus and calcium by the roots (leading to yellowing leaves and slow growth); if the pH is >7.5 (alkaline), it will inhibit the absorption of iron and zinc (leading to chlorosis and whitening of leaves).

[0047] Quicklime (alkaline) can neutralize acidic substrates (pH < 6.5). Adding 5-10 g / m³ can precisely adjust the pH to a suitable range (avoiding excessive addition that could cause a sudden increase in pH). Humic acid (weakly acidic) can adjust alkaline substrates (pH > 7.5). Adding 10-15 g / m³ can slowly lower the pH. At the same time, humic acid can also increase the organic matter in the substrate, achieving two benefits at once.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0049] This invention achieves two harvests a year in sandy land through year-round rotation of winter rye and sunflower, balancing sunflower supply and increasing farmers' income. At the same time, the rotation avoids soil nutrient imbalance caused by continuous cropping of a single crop. The high stubble retention after winter rye harvest can also reduce the wind erosion modulus and reduce wind erosion, breaking the cycle of "low yield - ecological degradation".

[0050] This invention enhances the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity by adding well-rotted cow and sheep manure to the seedling substrate, alternating the action of crop roots during crop rotation, breaking up the compacted layer with the deep roots of sunflowers, and fixing the soil with the fibrous roots of winter rye. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0052] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method steps of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0055] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0056] As attached Figure 1 As shown:

[0057] Example 1:

[0058] Experimental site: A sandy experimental field in Horqin Left Wing Rear Banner, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with an area of ​​10 mu. The soil type is aeolian sandy soil, with an organic matter content of 0.8% and a pH value of 7.2 in the 0-20cm soil layer. The average annual precipitation is 380mm, the frost-free period is 165 days, and the prevailing wind direction is northwest (average annual wind speed 3.2m / s).

[0059] Trial period: September 2023 - October 2024 (complete crop rotation cycle: winter rye sown in September 2023 - harvested in July 2024, edible sunflower seedlings raised in June 2024 - harvested in October 2024).

[0060] This embodiment provides a winter rye-sunflower rotation method based on the Horqin Sandy Land, including:

[0061] S1: Winter rye sowing (September 10, 2023, 60 days before overwintering):

[0062] Variety selection and source: The cold-resistant and drought-tolerant winter rye variety "Tongcao No. 1 Rye" was selected, with a seed purity of ≥98% and a germination rate of ≥90%, and it was sourced from the Crop Research Institute of the Tongliao Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences in Inner Mongolia.

[0063] Pre-sowing land preparation: Use a rotary tiller to shallowly till the land (12cm depth) to break up the surface crust; then use a fertilizer spreader to apply 1200kg / mu of well-rotted sheep manure (46% organic matter content, provided by the local herder cooperative) as base fertilizer.

[0064] Sowing equipment and parameters: Use a no-till seeder with a seeding rate of 8-10 kg / mu, a row spacing of 15 cm, and a sowing depth of 3 cm (controlled by adjusting the height of the furrow opener on the seeder); after sowing, lightly press the soil surface with a roller to ensure close contact between the seeds and the soil, and reduce seed exposure caused by wind and sand erosion.

[0065] S2: Sunflower seedling cultivation (June 25, 2024, 25 days before winter rye harvest):

[0066] Variety selection and source: The drought-resistant and salt-tolerant edible sunflower variety "LD5009" was selected, with a seed germination rate of ≥95%, and was purchased from Inner Mongolia Lihe Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.

[0067] Seedling facilities and equipment:

[0068] Seedling shed: It adopts a solar greenhouse with a span of 8m and a length of 30m, equipped with an electric film rolling device (to control the temperature inside the shed) and a shade net (shading rate of 32%).

[0069] Seedling containers: 72-cell seedling trays, each 54cm long, 28cm wide, and with 5cm deep holes. Each tray can hold 72 seedlings, and a total of 200 trays are prepared (to meet the transplanting needs of a 10-acre plot).

[0070] Seedling substrate preparation and pH adjustment:

[0071] Substrate composition: 60% sandy loam soil + 30% well-rotted cow and sheep manure + 10% water-retaining agent by volume; the sandy loam soil was taken from the 0-20cm soil layer around the test plot and passed through a 2mm sieve to remove gravel and weed roots; the well-rotted cow and sheep manure was composted for 35 days (the temperature was monitored daily during the composting period and maintained at 55-65℃ to kill insect eggs), and the organic matter content was found to be 48%; the water-retaining agent was a polyacrylamide superabsorbent resin with a water absorption ratio of 450 times.

[0072] pH adjustment: The initial pH of the matrix was measured to be 7.8 (alkaline) using a pH meter. Humic acid (humic acid content ≥85%) was added at 12g / m³. After mixing evenly, the pH was measured again to 7.2, which meets the requirements of 6.5-7.5.

[0073] Seedling management:

[0074] Sowing: Sow one sunflower seed per hole, cover with 1cm of seedling substrate, and water thoroughly.

[0075] Environmental control: During the day, the temperature inside the greenhouse should be controlled at 22-25℃ (adjusted by rolling up the film for ventilation), and at night at 13-15℃ (close the film to keep warm); after emergence (5 days after sowing), the shade net should be spread out and shaded from 9:00 to 16:00 every day to avoid strong light scorching the seedlings.

[0076] Hardening off seedlings: Start hardening off seedlings 7 days before transplanting (May 27th), gradually open the greenhouse film to reduce humidity, so that the seedlings can adapt to the external environment, and finally cultivate strong sunflower seedlings with a height of 10-15cm, a stem diameter of 0.35cm and a well-developed root system.

[0077] S3: Winter Rye Harvesting and Straw Processing (July 15, 2024, Winter Rye Maturity Stage):

[0078] Harvesting equipment and judgment criteria: When the moisture content of winter rye grains drops to 20%, the ears turn yellow and the grain hardness meets the standard, harvest with a combine harvester. Adjust the height of the harvester's header to 18cm (to ensure that the stubble height is 15-20cm). After cleaning, the grains are packed into 50kg woven bags and temporarily stored in a temporary storage shed next to the plot.

[0079] Straw processing: The straw remaining after harvest (with a stubble height of 17cm) is baled into round bales with a diameter of 50cm and a length of 80cm by a straw baler. Each bale weighs about 25kg and is transported out for beef cattle feed processing to prevent the straw from rotting in the field and causing pests and diseases.

[0080] S4: Rotary tillage, ridging, and sunflower transplanting (July 16, 2024, one day after winter rye harvest):

[0081] Rotary tillage and ridging:

[0082] Rotary tillage: Use a rotary tiller to till the plot to a depth of 18cm, breaking up straw residues and soil compaction, and making the soil particles uniform (particle size ≤5mm).

[0083] Ridging: Use a ridger to create large and small ridges. Adjust the ridger parameters as follows: ridge width of large ridge is 80cm, ridge width of small ridge is 40cm, ridge height is 15cm, and ridge spacing (large ridge + small ridge) is 120cm to ensure that the ridge surface is flat and without depressions.

[0084] Drip irrigation system installation: Shallowly bury inner-mounted drip irrigation tape in the furrows of the small ridges, with a drip irrigation tape spacing of 120cm (corresponding to the width of the small and large ridges), a burial depth of 5cm, and install a control valve every 10m to connect to the main water pipe (50mm in diameter) outside the plot. The main water pipe is connected to a nearby well (water output of 50m³ / h).

[0085] Transplanting procedure:

[0086] Transplanting equipment: Use a semi-automatic transplanter. Place the seedling tray into the transplanter's seedling box, adjust the transplanting depth to 2.5cm (2-3cm above the substrate surface), and the plant spacing to 32cm.

[0087] Transplanting density: 3,100 plants per mu (31,000 plants were transplanted in 10 mu plot by adjusting the plant spacing and ridge width). After transplanting, manual inspection was carried out to replant and straighten any missing or crooked seedlings.

[0088] Root establishment irrigation: 6 hours after transplanting (18:00 on June 16), turn on the drip irrigation system to irrigate the roots with 20m³ / acre for 2 hours to ensure that the soil around the roots is moist (the soil moisture content in the 0-20cm layer reaches 22%, which can be tested with a soil moisture meter).

[0089] S5: Sunflower Field Management and Harvesting (July-October 2024) and Preparation for the Next Crop Rotation

[0090] Drip irrigation during the growing season: Use a soil moisture meter to monitor the soil moisture content in the 0-20cm layer weekly. When the moisture content is below 15%, start drip irrigation. Each irrigation volume is 15m³ / mu. Irrigate once during the flowering period (August 20) and once during the grain filling period (September 5). Irrigate a total of 3 times during the entire growing season (including the initial watering), with a total irrigation volume of 65m³ / mu.

[0091] Pest and disease control:

[0092] Aphid control: On August 10 (sunflower budding stage), aphids were found (population density 5 per plant). Use an electric sprayer to spray 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, diluted 1500 times, using 30 kg of the solution per acre, and spray evenly on both sides of the leaves.

[0093] Rust control: On August 25 (early flowering stage), a small number of rust lesions were found. Spray with 25% triadimefon wettable powder, diluted 1000 times, using 35 kg of the solution per acre. The lesions were controlled after one spray.

[0094] Cultivation and weeding: On August 5th (19 days after transplanting), use a cultivator to cultivate to a depth of 9cm, remove weeds between rows (such as barnyard grass and foxtail grass), and loosen the soil to increase aeration.

[0095] Harvesting: On October 15th, when the back of the sunflower head turns yellow and the moisture content of the seeds drops to 18%, a sunflower combine harvester is used for harvesting. The height of the harvester's header is adjusted to 30cm to avoid damaging the flower head. After cleaning, the seeds are bagged, with a yield of 230kg per mu.

[0096] Preparation for the next crop rotation: Three days after harvest (October 18), use a rotary tiller to shallow till the plot (10cm deep), apply 1500kg / mu of well-rotted cow and sheep manure, level the plot and perform soil moisture retention treatment (cover the surface with straw fragments), and carry out the next round of winter rye sowing in mid-September of the following year (60 days before overwintering).

[0097] result:

[0098] Grain and oil yield: Winter rye yielded 320 kg per mu (grain bulk density 700 g / L, meeting the national high-quality wheat standard), and edible sunflower yielded 230 kg per mu (grain oil content 46%). The total output value of winter rye-sunflower rotation per mu was 3490 yuan (winter rye 3.0 yuan / kg, sunflower 11 yuan / kg), which is 74.5% higher than the local traditional monoculture (only corn is planted, yielding 1000 kg per mu, with an output value of 2000 yuan).

[0099] Soil improvement: After the experiment, the organic matter content in the 0-20cm soil layer increased to 0.95% (an increase of 18.75% compared to the initial level), the proportion of soil aggregate structure (>0.25mm) increased from 12% to 23%, and the soil water retention rate increased by 28% (the time for the water content to remain ≥15% after a single irrigation was extended from 5 days to 7 days).

[0100] Windbreak and sand fixation: During the period of winter rye straw retention (June-July 2024), the wind erosion modulus of the plots decreased to 1800t / (km²・a) (65% lower than plots without stubble, as measured by a wind erosion meter), effectively reducing soil erosion in sandy areas.

[0101] It should be understood that numerous specific implementation decisions can be made during the development of any practical implementation, such as in any engineering or design project. Such development efforts may be complex and time-consuming, but for those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure, the development effort will be a routine work of design, manufacturing, and production without requiring much experimentation.

[0102] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for winter rye and sunflower rotation in the Horqin Sandy Land, characterized in that, include: S1. Sow winter rye in the Horqin Sandy Land plot 40-60 days before the start of the overwintering period; S2. 20-30 days before the winter rye harvest, sunflower seedlings are raised using a seedling substrate to obtain robust sunflower seedlings. The seedling substrate consists of the following components in the following volume ratio: 55-65% sandy loam, 20-30% well-rotted organic fertilizer, and 8-12% water-retaining agent. S3. Harvest the grains when the winter rye reaches full maturity, and remove the straw from the Horqin Sandy Land after leaving a high stubble. S4. Immediately after the winter rye harvest, the Horqin Sandy Land plot is rotary tilled, prepared, and ridged. The robust sunflower seedlings are then transplanted onto the ridges with their clumps intact to complete the transplanting. S5. Harvest the robust sunflower seedlings in a timely manner after they mature to complete a full crop rotation cycle.

2. The method for winter rye and sunflower rotation in Horqin Sandy Land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stubble height of the straw is 15-20cm.

3. The method for winter rye and sunflower rotation in Horqin Sandy Land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sunflower in question is an edible sunflower.

4. The method for winter rye and sunflower rotation in Horqin Sandy Land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sunflowers are shaded during the seedling stage, with a shading rate of 30%-35%.

5. A method for winter rye and sunflower rotation in Horqin Sandy Land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specifications for the raised beds are as follows: the width of the large raised bed is 80cm, and the width of the small raised bed is 40cm. Sunflower seedlings are planted in the center of the raised bed.

6. A method for winter rye and sunflower rotation in Horqin Sandy Land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transplanting depth of the robust sunflower seedlings should be 2-3 cm above the surface of the original seedling substrate, with a plant spacing of 30-35 cm, and 3000-3200 seedlings per acre.

7. A method for winter rye and sunflower rotation in Horqin Sandy Land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The decomposed organic fertilizer is fully decomposed cow and sheep manure with an organic matter content of ≥45%; The sandy loam soil is a sandy soil with no pesticide residues; The water-retaining agent is a polyacrylamide-based or starch-grafted acrylate superabsorbent resin.

8. A method for winter rye and sunflower rotation in Horqin Sandy Land according to claim 1, characterized in that, Within 12 hours after the healthy sunflower seedlings were transplanted, they were irrigated with water to settle their roots through a drip irrigation system that was shallowly buried between the rows. During the subsequent growing season, drip irrigation will be carried out according to soil moisture conditions, and pest and disease control and weeding measures will be implemented.

9. A method for winter rye and sunflower rotation in Horqin Sandy Land according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pH value of the seedling substrate is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, and the adjustment method is as follows: If the substrate pH is < 6.5, add quicklime at a rate of 5-10 g / m³. If the substrate pH is greater than 7.5, add humic acid at a rate of 10-15 g / m³. During the seedling stage, after the cotyledons unfold, spray the leaves with a mixture of 0.03% urea and 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once a week; at the same time, control watering according to the principle of letting the soil dry out between waterings.

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