Plateau crop water-saving irrigation management system based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop irrigation, and discloses a plateau crop water-saving irrigation management system based on the Internet of Things, an environment unit is used for collecting environment data in a plateau, a crop unit is used for collecting data of plateau crops, a starting unit is used for controlling whether irrigation operation is carried out or not, and the starting unit is used for starting the irrigation operation. The irrigation unit carries out water-saving irrigation on crops, the central unit is used for calculating an irrigation value GG when the irrigation unit executes irrigation, and the correction unit is used for carrying out correction during calculation in the central unit; when the irrigation volume GG is calculated, the standard evapotranspiration ZS0 and the plateau correction coefficient XZ are adopted for calculation, the plateau crop correction coefficient XZ is dynamically adjusted by the correction unit according to the plateau environment so that the calculated irrigation volume GG can be matched with the plateau environment crops, and therefore the calculated irrigation volume GG is more accurate, and the accuracy of the irrigation volume GG is improved. And the water-saving effect is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of crop irrigation, more particularly to a highland crop water-saving irrigation management system based on the Internet of Things. BACKGROUND

[0002] Due to its unique light and climate conditions, the highland area has become an important production area of characteristic agricultural products. However, the agricultural production in this region has long been facing severe water resource constraints. The uneven temporal and spatial distribution of water resources, strong evaporation, and weak soil water retention capacity make irrigation a key to ensure crop growth. Currently, the widely used traditional methods such as flood irrigation not only waste extremely valuable water resources, but also easily cause ecological problems such as soil compaction, salinization, and nutrient loss. With the development of the Internet of Things and intelligent control technology, automatic irrigation systems based on sensors have begun to be applied in modern agriculture. These systems usually deploy soil moisture sensors and combine simple threshold control logic to achieve a certain degree of automatic irrigation. However, such general systems expose inherent defects in the harsh natural environment of the highlands. Firstly, the core sensing devices of these systems are designed for conventional environments and are difficult to work stably for a long time under strong ultraviolet radiation, drastic day-night temperature difference, and low pressure conditions. Secondly, the complex terrain of the highlands poses a challenge to wireless communication. There are many blind spots in the coverage of commonly used cellular networks or Wi-Fi signals, and the continuity and reliability of system data transmission cannot be guaranteed. Finally, current irrigation control mainly refers to the crop water requirement law under the climate conditions of the plains, and fails to integrate the unique environment of the highlands. The precision of irrigation instructions is insufficient, and the water-saving benefit is limited. Moreover, before irrigation, it is difficult to accurately find the irrigation opportunity, which may lead to irrigation operation after the crops have been water-stressed for a period of time. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide a highland crop water-saving irrigation management system based on the Internet of Things to solve the technical problems proposed in the background art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical scheme: the plateau crop water-saving irrigation management system based on the Internet of Things, comprising an environment unit, a crop unit, a starting unit, an irrigation unit, a center unit, a correction unit, a forced unit, a communication unit, a fault unit and an energy unit, the environment unit is used for collecting environmental data in the plateau, the crop unit is used for collecting data of the plateau crops, the starting unit is used for controlling whether to carry out irrigation operation, the irrigation unit carries out water-saving irrigation of crops, the center unit is used for calculating irrigation value GG when the irrigation unit executes irrigation, the correction unit is used for correction when the center unit calculates, the forced unit carries out forced irrigation operation, the communication unit carries out data transmission and communication work between units, and the fault unit is used for detecting leakage of irrigation water pipes. The environment unit collects environmental temperature data HW, current air pressure data and ultraviolet intensity data ZW generated by the plateau crops, the crop unit collects canopy temperature data GW and leaf area index data YM, and the environment unit sends the collected data to the starting unit and the correction unit.

[0005] In a preferred embodiment, when the environment unit and the crop unit collect data, the data in the environment unit is collected by a weather station, the data in the crop unit is collected by a low-power narrowband image sensor, and an insulating shell is arranged outside the low-power narrowband image sensor, and an anti-ultraviolet coating is brushed on the surface of the insulating shell.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the starting unit receives the environmental temperature data HW in the environment unit and the temperature data GW in the crop unit, and calculates the temperature difference WC, the calculation formula of the temperature difference WC is The starting unit compares the calculated temperature difference WC with the starting threshold QY in the starting unit, when the temperature difference WC is greater than the starting threshold QY, the starting unit sends an irrigation instruction to the irrigation unit, the irrigation unit receives the irrigation instruction to carry out irrigation operation, when the temperature difference WC is less than or equal to the starting threshold QY, the starting unit does not send the instruction, and the irrigation unit does not carry out irrigation operation when the starting unit does not send the instruction.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the center unit receives the data collected by the environment unit and the crop unit, and calculates the irrigation value GG, the calculation formula of the irrigation value GG is , wherein ZS is the evapotranspiration of the plateau crops, JS is the rainfall in the current plateau area, and CS is the water storage capacity of the soil in the current plateau area, the calculation formula of the evapotranspiration ZS of the plateau crops is , wherein XZ is a highland crop correction coefficient, ZS0 is a standard evapotranspiration of the crop, the highland crop correction coefficient XZ is calculated by the correction unit, and the irrigation unit sends the calculated irrigation value GG to the irrigation unit and the fault unit.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, when the correction unit calculates the highland crop correction coefficient XZ, the calculation formula is , wherein TR is a soil moisture stress coefficient, and GY is a highland environment stress coefficient, and the calculation formula is , wherein k1, k2, and k3 are weight coefficients, BQ is a standard atmospheric pressure of air, BZ is an optimal temperature for crop growth, BX is historical extreme minimum temperature data in the region, and JZ is an average ultraviolet intensity in the highland region, and the correction unit calculates the highland crop correction coefficient XZ every fifteen minutes.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the forcing unit is used to collect soil moisture data TS in the highland crop, and the forcing unit compares the collected soil moisture data with the moisture threshold SY in the forcing unit, when the soil moisture data TS < the moisture threshold S, the forcing unit sends a strong start instruction to the irrigation unit, and the irrigation unit directly starts and irrigates after receiving the strong start instruction, and when the soil moisture data TS ≥ the moisture threshold S, the forcing unit is in a dormant state.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the communication unit is integrated with a LoRa module, a satellite communication module, and a cache module, the LoRa module performs short-distance communication within five kilometers, the satellite communication module performs long-distance communication of five kilometers or more, and the cache module is used to store data when the LoRa module and the satellite communication module are interrupted in communication.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the irrigation unit adopts a drip irrigation and micro-sprinkling method for water-saving irrigation of highland crops, and the irrigation unit is provided with a flow meter at the outlet of the drip irrigation and micro-sprinkling when irrigating, the irrigation unit sends the flow data information LL collected by the flow meter to the fault unit, and the fault unit receives the flow data information LL and the irrigation value GG and calculates the flow difference value SC, and the calculation formula of the flow difference value SC is , the fault unit compares the calculated flow difference value SC with the pipe consumption threshold GH in the fault unit, when the flow difference value SC > the pipe consumption threshold GH, the fault unit issues a leakage warning to remind that the water pipe leaks, and when the flow difference value SC ≤ the pipe consumption threshold GH, the fault unit is in a dormant state.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, when the irrigation unit receives the irrigation value GG and carries out irrigation, the irrigation amount is the irrigation value GG+ the pipe consumption threshold GH, the energy unit is provided with a 200Wh battery, a 100W anti-ultraviolet solar panel and a 50W wind turbine, the 200Wh battery is used for energy supply, and the 100W anti-ultraviolet solar panel and the 50W wind turbine charge the 200Wh battery.

[0013] Technical effects and advantages of the present application: When the irrigation amount GG is calculated, the standard evapotranspiration amount ZS0 and the plateau correction coefficient XZ are used for calculation, the plateau crop correction coefficient XZ is dynamically adjusted by the correction unit according to the plateau environment, so that the calculated irrigation amount GG of the present application is adapted to the crops in the plateau environment, and therefore the calculated irrigation amount GG is more accurate and has the effect of water saving. The crown layer temperature data GW and the environmental temperature data HW detected by the present application are the golden indicators for measuring the water stress degree of crops, when the temperature difference WC is greater than the starting threshold QY, it indicates that the crops need to be irrigated at this time, and when the temperature difference WC is less than or equal to the starting threshold WY, irrigation operation is not needed at this time, which has the effect of water saving, and irrigation operation can be carried out in time when water is lacking, and irrigation operation can not be carried out when water is sufficient, which has the effect of water saving. The present application uses a weather station and a low-power narrowband image sensor as a specific collection device, and an external heat preservation and insulation shell can directly cope with the challenge of large diurnal temperature difference on the plateau, protect the internal electronic elements of the sensor from the influence of low temperature and precision decline or failure, and the anti-ultraviolet coating is designed for strong ultraviolet radiation on the plateau, so that the present application can also carry out accurate data collection work in the plateau environment, and through the LoRa module and the satellite communication module, the problem of blind area of cellular network signal coverage in remote areas on the plateau is solved. The present application calculates the water flow difference SC, which is the difference between the water outlet amount collected by the flow meter and the irrigation value GG, when it exceeds the pipe consumption threshold GH, it indicates that the water amount is excessively consumed, and there is a possibility of leakage, so timely warning is carried out, and then rapid maintenance is carried out to avoid waste of water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall system structure of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the present application. In addition, the forms of the structures described in the following embodiments are only examples. The highland crop water-saving irrigation management system based on the Internet of Things to which the present application relates is not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0016] With reference to Figure 1 The present application provides a highland crop water-saving irrigation management system based on the Internet of Things, comprising an environment unit, a crop unit, a starting unit, an irrigation unit, a center unit, a correction unit, a forced unit, a communication unit, a fault unit and an energy unit. The environment unit is used to collect environmental data in the highlands. The crop unit is used to collect data of highland crops. The starting unit is used to control whether to perform irrigation operation. The irrigation unit performs crop water-saving irrigation. The center unit is used to calculate irrigation value GG when the irrigation unit performs irrigation. The correction unit is used to correct calculation in the center unit. The forced unit performs forced irrigation operation. The communication unit performs data transmission and communication work between units. The fault unit is used to detect leakage of irrigation water pipes.

[0017] With reference to Figure 1 The environment unit collects environmental temperature data HW, current air pressure data and ultraviolet intensity data ZW of the environment in which highland crops are generated. The crop unit collects canopy temperature data GW and leaf area index data YM. The environment unit sends the collected data to the starting unit and the correction unit. When the environment unit and the crop unit collect data, the data in the environment unit is collected by a weather station. The data in the crop unit is collected by a low-power narrowband image sensor. The low-power narrowband image sensor is externally provided with a heat preservation and insulation shell. An anti-ultraviolet coating is brushed on the surface of the heat preservation and insulation shell.

[0018] In the embodiments of the present application, a weather station and a low-power narrowband image sensor are used as specific collection devices. The weather station is a standardized device for environmental monitoring, and its data is authoritative. The narrowband image sensor captures specific spectral bands of crop canopy temperature and leaf area index, and has high data accuracy. The external heat preservation and insulation shell directly addresses the challenge of large diurnal temperature difference in highlands, protects the internal electronic elements of the sensor from the influence of low temperature to prevent precision decline or failure, and the anti-ultraviolet coating is designed for strong ultraviolet radiation in highlands, so that the present application can also perform accurate data collection work in highland environment.

[0019] With reference to Figure 1The starting unit receives the ambient temperature data HW in the environment unit and the temperature data GW in the crop unit and calculates a temperature difference WC, and the calculation formula of the temperature difference WC is The starting unit compares the calculated temperature difference WC with a starting threshold QY in the starting unit, when the temperature difference WC > the starting threshold QY, the starting unit sends an irrigation instruction to the irrigation unit, the irrigation unit receives the irrigation instruction to perform the irrigation operation, when the temperature difference WC ≤ the starting threshold QY, the starting unit does not send the instruction, and the irrigation unit does not perform the irrigation operation when the starting unit does not send the instruction.

[0020] In the embodiment of the application, the crops cool the leaves through transpiration, when the water supply is sufficient, the transpiration is strong, and the canopy temperature is usually lower than the ambient temperature, when the soil moisture is insufficient, the crops partially close the stomata to save water, resulting in weakened transpiration and increased canopy temperature, therefore, the canopy temperature data GW and the ambient temperature data HW are the golden indicators for measuring the degree of crop water stress, when the temperature difference WC > the starting threshold QY, it indicates that the crops need to perform the irrigation operation at this time, and when the temperature difference WC ≤ the starting threshold QY, the irrigation operation is not needed at this time, thereby achieving the water-saving effect, the irrigation operation can be performed in time when the water is insufficient, and the irrigation operation is not performed when the water is sufficient, thereby achieving the water-saving effect.

[0021] With reference to Figure 1 The center unit receives the data collected by the environment unit and the crop unit and calculates an irrigation value GG, and the calculation formula of the irrigation value GG is In the formula, ZS is the evapotranspiration of the plateau crops, JS is the current rainfall in the plateau region, and CS is the current soil water storage in the plateau region, and the calculation formula of the evapotranspiration ZS of the plateau crops is In the formula, XZ is the plateau crop correction coefficient, and ZS0 is the standard evapotranspiration of the crops, and the plateau crop correction coefficient XZ is calculated by the correction unit, and the irrigation unit sends the calculated irrigation value GG to the irrigation unit and the fault unit.

[0022] In the embodiment of the application, the standard evapotranspiration ZS0 and the plateau correction coefficient XZ are used to calculate the irrigation amount GG, the standard evapotranspiration ZS0 can be obtained by referring to the mature Penman-Monteith international general algorithm, and the plateau crop correction coefficient XZ is dynamically adjusted by the correction unit according to the plateau environment, so that the calculated irrigation amount GG is adapted to the crops in the plateau environment, and therefore the calculated irrigation amount GG is more accurate, thereby achieving the water-saving effect.

[0023] With reference to Figure 1 When the correction unit calculates the plateau crop correction coefficient XZ, the calculation formula is In the formula, TR is the soil moisture stress coefficient, and GY is the plateau environmental stress coefficient, which is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, k1, k2 and k3 are all weighting coefficients, BQ is the standard atmospheric pressure of air, BZ is the optimal temperature for crop growth, BX is the historical extreme minimum temperature data of the region, and JZ is the average ultraviolet intensity of the plateau region. The correction unit calculates the plateau crop correction coefficient XZ every fifteen minutes.

[0024] In this embodiment of the application, when calculating the weighting coefficients k1, k2 and k3, experiments are conducted at test points with different altitudes and different climatic conditions. The final yield of each point is recorded, the influencing factors of air pressure, temperature and external radiation on yield variation are identified, and the weights are determined according to their variance contribution rate, thereby calculating the weighting coefficients k1, k2 and k3.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 The forced unit is used to collect soil moisture data TS in the plateau crops, and the forced unit compares the collected soil moisture data with its internal moisture threshold SY. When the soil moisture data TS < moisture threshold SY, the forced unit sends a forced start command to the irrigation unit. The irrigation unit receives the forced start command and starts irrigation directly. When the soil moisture data TS ≥ moisture threshold SY, the forced unit is in a dormant state.

[0026] In this embodiment, when the canopy temperature signal is abnormal due to weather, the forced unit is activated as a safety backup to prevent crops from suffering severe drought due to system failure. This greatly improves the reliability and agronomic safety of the entire system. In some areas of the plateau where the soil has extremely poor water retention capacity, relying solely on canopy temperature difference may result in irrigation frequency not keeping up with the rate of water loss. The forced unit directly monitors root zone moisture, which can safeguard the minimum water level for crop survival under such circumstances, demonstrating the comprehensiveness of the system design.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 The communication unit integrates a LoRa module, a satellite communication module, and a cache module. The LoRa module performs short-range communication within five kilometers, the satellite communication module performs long-range communication of five kilometers and above, and the cache module is used to store data when communication between the LoRa module and the satellite communication module is interrupted.

[0028] In this embodiment, the LoRa module is responsible for short-range, low-power networking in the field, aggregating scattered sensor data to the gateway at the edge of the field, solving the communication problem of a large number of widely distributed sensor nodes. The satellite communication module serves as the backbone link, responsible for transmitting gateway data back to the remote cloud platform or control center, solving the problem of blind spots in cellular network signal coverage in remote plateau areas. The caching module can cache data locally when the network is interrupted, and resume transmission after the link is restored, ensuring the integrity and continuity of the data.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 The irrigation unit employs drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation for water-saving irrigation of highland crops. During irrigation, flow meters are installed at the outlets of the drip and micro-sprinkler systems. The irrigation unit transmits the flow data LL collected by the flow meters to a fault unit. The fault unit receives the flow data LL and the irrigation value GG, and calculates the water flow difference SC. The formula for calculating the water flow difference SC is as follows: The fault unit compares the calculated water flow difference SC with its internal pipe consumption threshold GH. When the water flow difference SC > the pipe consumption threshold GH, the fault unit issues a leak warning to remind that the water pipe is leaking. When the water flow difference SC ≤ the pipe consumption threshold GH, the fault unit is in a dormant state.

[0030] In this embodiment, traditional pipeline leaks are detected by manual inspection, which is often delayed and inefficient. The water flow difference SC calculated in this application is the difference between the outflow rate collected by the flow meter and the irrigation value GG. When it exceeds the pipe consumption threshold GH, it indicates that the water is being over-consumed and there is a possibility of leakage. Therefore, timely warnings are issued, and repairs are carried out quickly to avoid water waste.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 When the irrigation unit receives the irrigation value GG and performs irrigation, the irrigation amount is the irrigation value GG + the pipe consumption threshold GH. The energy unit is equipped with a 200Wh battery, a 100W UV-resistant solar panel and a 50W wind turbine. The 200Wh battery is used for energy supply, and the 100W UV-resistant solar panel and the 50W wind turbine charge the 200Wh battery.

[0032] In this embodiment, during irrigation, the pipe consumption threshold GH is increased to supplement the irrigation value GG, thereby ensuring that the actual water output meets the irrigation requirements and that no excessive water is lost, thus avoiding waste. Plateau regions often have abundant sunshine and wind resources, but weak power grid coverage. This application, through the configuration of a 200Wh battery + 100W solar panel + 50W wind turbine, makes full use of local natural resources to form an efficient and reliable wind-solar-storage microgrid that can supply its own energy and ensures that the whole system can work normally.

[0033] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in the embodiments can be implemented in electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0034] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0035] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0036] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-saving irrigation management system for plateau crops based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: It includes an environmental unit, a crop unit, a start-up unit, an irrigation unit, a central unit, a correction unit, a forced irrigation unit, a communication unit, a fault unit, and an energy unit. The environmental unit is used to collect environmental data within the plateau; the crop unit is used to collect data on plateau crops; the start-up unit is used to control whether to perform irrigation operations; the irrigation unit performs water-saving irrigation for crops; the central unit is used to calculate the irrigation value GG when the irrigation unit performs irrigation; the correction unit is used to correct the calculation within the central unit; the forced irrigation unit performs forced irrigation operations; the communication unit performs data transmission and communication between units; and the fault unit is used to detect leaks in the irrigation water pipes. The environmental unit collects ambient temperature data (HW), current air pressure data, and ultraviolet intensity data (ZW) of the plateau crop growth environment; the crop unit collects canopy temperature data (GW) and leaf area index data (YM). The environmental unit sends the collected data to the startup unit and the correction unit.

2. The water-saving irrigation management system for plateau crops based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When the environmental unit and the crop unit collect data, the data in the environmental unit is collected using a weather station, and the data in the crop unit is collected using a low-power narrowband image sensor. The low-power narrowband image sensor is equipped with a heat-insulating shell, and the surface of the heat-insulating shell is coated with an anti-ultraviolet coating.

3. The water-saving irrigation management system for plateau crops based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The starting unit receives ambient temperature data HW from the environmental unit and temperature data GW from the canopy crop unit, and calculates the temperature difference WC. The formula for calculating the temperature difference WC is as follows: The starting unit compares the calculated temperature difference WC with its internal starting threshold QY. When the temperature difference WC > the starting threshold QY, the starting unit sends an irrigation command to the irrigation unit, and the irrigation unit receives the irrigation command and performs irrigation operation. When the temperature difference WC ≤ the starting threshold QY, the starting unit does not send a command, and the irrigation unit does not perform irrigation operation when the starting unit does not send a command.

4. The water-saving irrigation management system for plateau crops based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The central unit receives data collected by the environmental unit and the crop unit and calculates the irrigation value GG. The formula for calculating the irrigation value GG is as follows: In the formula, ZS represents the evapotranspiration of highland crops, JS represents the current rainfall in the highland area, and CS represents the current soil water storage in the highland area. The formula for calculating the evapotranspiration ZS of highland crops is as follows: In the formula, XZ is the correction coefficient for plateau crops, ZS0 is the standard evapotranspiration of crops, and the correction coefficient XZ for plateau crops is calculated by the correction unit. The irrigation unit sends the calculated irrigation value GG to the irrigation unit and the fault unit.

5. The water-saving irrigation management system for plateau crops based on the Internet of Things according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the correction unit calculates the correction coefficient XZ for plateau crops, the calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, TR is the soil moisture stress coefficient, and GY is the plateau environmental stress coefficient, which is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, k1, k2 and k3 are all weighting coefficients, BQ is the standard atmospheric pressure of air, BZ is the optimal temperature for crop growth, BX is the historical extreme minimum temperature data of the region, and JZ is the average ultraviolet intensity of the plateau region. The correction unit calculates the plateau crop correction coefficient XZ every fifteen minutes.

6. The water-saving irrigation management system for plateau crops based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The forced unit is used to collect soil moisture data TS in the plateau crops, and the forced unit compares the collected soil moisture data with its internal moisture threshold SY. When the soil moisture data TS < moisture threshold SY, the forced unit sends a forced start command to the irrigation unit. The irrigation unit receives the forced start command and starts irrigation directly. When the soil moisture data TS ≥ moisture threshold SY, the forced unit is in a dormant state.

7. The water-saving irrigation management system for plateau crops based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication unit integrates a LoRa module, a satellite communication module, and a cache module. The LoRa module performs short-range communication within five kilometers, the satellite communication module performs long-range communication of five kilometers and above, and the cache module is used to store data when communication between the LoRa module and the satellite communication module is interrupted.

8. The water-saving irrigation management system for plateau crops based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation unit employs drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation for water-saving irrigation of highland crops. During irrigation, flow meters are installed at the outlets of the drip and micro-sprinkler systems. The irrigation unit transmits the flow data LL collected by the flow meters to a fault unit. The fault unit receives the flow data LL and the irrigation value GG, and calculates the water flow difference SC. The formula for calculating the water flow difference SC is as follows: The fault unit compares the calculated water flow difference SC with its internal pipe consumption threshold GH. When the water flow difference SC > the pipe consumption threshold GH, the fault unit issues a leak warning to remind that the water pipe is leaking. When the water flow difference SC ≤ the pipe consumption threshold GH, the fault unit is in a dormant state.

9. The water-saving irrigation management system for plateau crops based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 8, characterized in that: When the irrigation unit receives the irrigation value GG and performs irrigation, the irrigation amount is the irrigation value GG + the pipe consumption threshold GH. The energy unit is equipped with a 200Wh battery, a 100W UV-resistant solar panel and a 50W wind turbine. The 200Wh battery is used for energy supply, and the 100W UV-resistant solar panel and the 50W wind turbine charge the 200Wh battery.

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