Intelligent monitoring system for thermochemical process

Abstract

The present invention relates to a thermochemical process intelligent monitoring system, which comprises: a dynamic classification reactor, which is provided with a first-stage starch pre-hydrolysis chamber, a second-stage cellulose main hydrolysis chamber and a third-stage product primary separation chamber so as to realize the pyrolysis of white spirit vinasse through a thermochemical reaction, an execution component of the dynamic grading reactor comprises a micro-spray cooling module, a dynamic baffle assembly and a heat conduction oil temperature adjusting device. The monitoring unit is provided with an infrared water vapor sensor for acquiring water vapor monitoring data in the primary starch pre-hydrolysis cavity; the control unit is used for identifying various water vapor characteristic parameters according to the water vapor monitoring data acquired by the infrared water vapor sensor and comparing the characteristic parameter combination with a preset water vapor characteristic parameter set related to starch pyrolysis so as to determine a real-time thermal chemical reaction scene type; the water vapor characteristic parameters comprise the water vapor concentration, the concentration rising rate and the characteristic peak width.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent equipment technology for thermochemical energy conversion, and in particular to an intelligent monitoring system for thermochemical processes. Background Technology

[0002] Waste generated in the brewing industry, especially baijiu lees, is an important biomass resource, rich in carbohydrates such as starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose. It can usually be converted into usable energy or high-value products through thermochemical methods (such as pyrolysis, gasification, and carbonization).

[0003] CN116809611A discloses a reuse method, specifically a reuse method for treating baijiu (Chinese liquor) lees, belonging to the field of waste recycling technology in the beverage production waste field. This invention provides a reuse method for baijiu lees that can thoroughly treat and fully recover and reuse baijiu brewing waste. The method first dries the lees, then screens the dried baijiu lees into light waste and heavy residue. The heavy residue is then packaged and stored for other uses. The light waste undergoes anaerobic pyrolysis to recover solid residues, gaseous and liquid products, and heat energy. Finally, the gaseous and liquid products are purified before being discharged, completing the reuse of the baijiu lees. The heat energy recovery is achieved by burning the produced non-condensable gases in an energy conversion device to produce high-temperature desalinated water at a temperature of 80℃~90℃, which is then collected and used.

[0004] In the production of strong-aroma baijiu, the fermentation process using multiple grains such as sorghum and rice results in a starch content of 40%–50% in the mash, forming a tightly complex structure with cellulose. During pyrolysis, starch begins to dehydrate and pyrolyze extensively at around 220℃, and then easily undergoes caramelization above 260℃; while cellulose requires even higher temperatures to fully decompose, and its pyrolysis temperature window overlaps with that of starch. The pyrolysis characteristics of this complex make the pyrolysis process difficult to control precisely, resulting in unstable product distribution. In particular, the volatile sugars produced by starch pyrolysis are prone to caramelization at high temperatures, causing equipment blockage and product quality fluctuations, seriously affecting the industrial application of baijiu mash pyrolysis technology.

[0005] Current pyrolysis technologies for brewing waste mainly rely on conventional fluidized bed or fixed bed reactors, lacking zoned temperature control strategies for starch-cellulose complexes. This makes it impossible to achieve real-time capture and precise control of starch pyrolysis characteristic signals. Existing monitoring systems primarily use temperature sensors, but temperature fluctuations lag behind the starch caramelization process, making it difficult to identify the starch pyrolysis status in a timely manner. This leads to frequent caramelization, causing reactor and pipeline blockages. Simultaneously, sugar derivatives generated from starch pyrolysis constitute a high proportion of the pyrolysis gas, while traditional tar separation systems have low capture efficiency for these sugar derivatives, resulting in incomplete gas purification. Furthermore, the overlap of the pyrolysis temperature windows of starch and cellulose leads to unstable distribution of pyrolysis products and large fluctuations in tar production, making it difficult to achieve efficient utilization and stable quality control of pyrolysis products. This severely restricts the practical application of pyrolysis technology for the resource utilization of brewing waste.

[0006] Furthermore, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the applicant studied a large number of documents and patents when making this invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents were listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not possess the features of these prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring system for thermochemical processes to solve at least some of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0008] This invention discloses an intelligent monitoring system for a thermochemical process, comprising: a dynamic graded reactor, which sequentially includes a primary starch pre-decomposition chamber for directional starch pre-decomposition, a secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber for deep cellulose decomposition, and a tertiary product initial separation chamber for product separation, arranged along the raw material processing flow direction to achieve pyrolysis of distillery lees through thermochemical reaction; wherein the dynamic graded reactor's execution components include a micro-spray cooling module disposed in the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber, a dynamic baffle assembly disposed in the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber, and a heat transfer oil temperature regulating device; a monitoring unit, which is equipped with an infrared water vapor sensor in the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber for acquiring water vapor monitoring data; and a control unit, which identifies various water vapor characteristic parameters based on the water vapor monitoring data acquired by the infrared water vapor sensor, compares these characteristic parameters with a preset set of water vapor characteristic parameters related to starch pyrolysis to determine the real-time thermochemical reaction scenario type, and generates control commands corresponding to the scenario type; wherein the water vapor characteristic parameters include water vapor concentration, concentration rise rate, and characteristic peak width.

[0009] This invention constructs a digital fingerprint of starch pyrolysis status by identifying a combination of three characteristic parameters: water vapor concentration, concentration rise rate, and characteristic peak width, replacing the traditional temperature-dependent monitoring method for the pyrolysis process. The appearance of the water vapor characteristic peak precedes the onset of starch caramelization; this time-temperature coupling relationship allows the water vapor characteristic parameter to reflect the starch pyrolysis status in advance. By combining these three parameters into a fingerprint recognition system, the system can accurately determine the start point, rate, and completion of starch pyrolysis, avoiding the lag of traditional temperature monitoring and enabling proactive intervention in the starch pyrolysis process. This effectively solves the problems of equipment blockage and product instability caused by starch caramelization.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber has a cylindrical cavity structure. The inlet end of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber is provided with a raw material feed pipe with the outlet facing the lower inner side of the cavity. An infrared water vapor sensor can be installed on the downstream inner wall of the raw material feed pipe and electrically connected to the control unit. The probe of the infrared water vapor sensor is set at an angle oblique to the airflow direction to reduce the adhesion of solid particles generated during pyrolysis to the probe surface.

[0011] An infrared water vapor sensor is installed at a specific location downstream of the raw material feed pipe, with the probe angled towards the airflow direction. This effectively avoids interference from free moisture carried during the initial feed of the raw material and reduces the adhesion of solid particles to the probe surface during pyrolysis. This design prevents signal drift caused by particle adhesion, significantly improving the stability and reliability of water vapor monitoring data. It provides an accurate input basis for subsequent precise control based on water vapor characteristic parameters, ensuring real-time and accurate monitoring of the starch pyrolysis state by the system.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, the micro-spray cooling module disposed inside the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber includes an annular nozzle array and a media supply pipeline. The annular nozzle array is arranged circumferentially along the inner wall of the pre-decomposition chamber and is distributed in a double-layer annular pattern. Each layer of the annular nozzle array contains multiple nozzle units capable of forming atomized sprays. The spray direction of the inner nozzle unit is towards the central axis of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber, and the spray direction of the outer nozzle unit is towards the inner wall of the chamber. One end of the media supply pipeline is connected to the annular nozzle array, and the other end extends to the outside of the chamber and is connected to a compressed air source and a process water supply device. The media supply pipeline is provided with a flow regulating valve for controlling the supply amount of spray media and the gas-liquid ratio.

[0013] The micro-spray cooling module employs a dual-layer annular nozzle array design. The inner nozzle faces the central axis of the cavity, while the outer nozzle faces the inner wall of the cavity, achieving precise cooling of both the core pyrolysis area and the cavity wall. The inner nozzle's cooling of the core pyrolysis area rapidly suppresses localized overheating during starch pyrolysis, preventing caramelization; the outer nozzle's cooling of the cavity wall effectively inhibits coking on the wall surface, extending the equipment's lifespan. The spray medium uses a mixture of compressed air and a small amount of process water, ensuring cooling efficiency while avoiding excessive moisture introduction that could negatively impact the pyrolysis process, thus achieving precise and rapid control of the starch pyrolysis state.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment, a semi-tube jacket is provided on the outer wall of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber. The semi-tube jacket is spirally wound along the axial direction of the chamber, forming a closed heat-conducting medium channel inside. A heat-conducting oil inlet and a heat-conducting oil outlet are respectively provided at both ends of the heat-conducting medium channel. The basic temperature regulation inside the chamber is achieved by circulating the heat-conducting oil. The temperature of the heat-conducting oil can be adjusted by a heat-conducting oil temperature regulating device.

[0015] The semi-tube jacket installed on the outer wall of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber achieves basic temperature regulation through the circulation of heat transfer oil, forming a bidirectional temperature control system with the micro-spray cooling module, combining active heating and passive cooling. This bidirectional temperature control design significantly improves the temperature response speed, enabling the system to quickly adapt to temperature changes during starch pyrolysis. When the water vapor concentration increases, indicating intensified starch pyrolysis, the system can rapidly reduce the temperature through micro-spray cooling; when enhanced pyrolysis is required, the temperature can be increased through heating with heat transfer oil, thereby precisely controlling the rate and extent of starch pyrolysis and effectively preventing caramelization.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, a secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber with a volume larger than that of the primary starch predecomposition chamber is connected to the primary starch predecomposition chamber through a variable diameter airflow channel. The diameter of the variable diameter airflow channel gradually increases along the airflow direction to reduce the flow velocity of the pyrolysis gas when it enters the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber. A dynamic baffle assembly capable of adjusting the airflow rate and flow area entering the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber is provided at the outlet of the variable diameter airflow channel in the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber.

[0017] The secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber and the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber are connected by a variable-diameter airflow channel. The diameter of the variable-diameter airflow channel gradually increases along the airflow direction, effectively reducing the flow velocity of the pyrolysis gas entering the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber. This design ensures a smooth flow velocity of the pyrolysis gas as it enters the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber from the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber, avoiding airflow disturbances caused by sudden changes in flow velocity and providing a stable flow field environment for deep cellulose decomposition. Simultaneously, this gradual flow channel design allows starch pyrolysis products to smoothly transition into the cellulose main decomposition chamber, preventing starch pyrolysis products from stagnating within the chamber and ensuring the uniformity and efficiency of cellulose pyrolysis.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the dynamic baffle assembly includes arc-shaped blades, a servo motor, and a transmission mechanism. Multiple arc-shaped blades are evenly distributed circumferentially along the outlet of the airflow channel. The servo motor is disposed on the outer wall of the cavity, and its output shaft is connected to the arc-shaped blades through the transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism adopts a gear transmission or linkage transmission method to drive the arc-shaped blades to rotate synchronously to adjust the baffle opening. The servo motor, which has a position feedback sensor inside, is electrically connected to the control unit to respond to the control unit's regulation and feed back the actual opening signal of the blades to the control unit to form a closed-loop regulation.

[0019] The dynamic baffle assembly employs an arc-shaped blade design, with the blades rotated and their opening adjusted via a servo motor. Compared to traditional flat baffles, the arc-shaped blades can more effectively control the airflow area, achieving precise regulation of starch pyrolysis products entering the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber. Flexible graphite sealing strips embedded in the blade edges ensure airtightness during dynamic adjustment, keeping leakage rates low. This design allows the system to adjust the baffle opening in real time based on changes in water vapor characteristic parameters. When starch pyrolysis intensifies, the opening is reduced, forcing starch pyrolysis products to quickly enter the main decomposition chamber, avoiding localized stagnation, thereby optimizing the synergistic process of starch-cellulose pyrolysis.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, a honeycomb airflow distributor is arranged laterally along the airflow direction downstream of the dynamic baffle assembly in the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber. The honeycomb airflow distributor has multiple uniformly distributed honeycomb-shaped through holes inside, and the axis of the through holes is parallel to the airflow direction.

[0021] A honeycomb-shaped airflow distributor is positioned downstream of the dynamic baffle assembly. The axes of its internal honeycomb-shaped through-holes are parallel to the airflow direction, effectively counteracting flow field disturbances caused by baffle adjustment and transforming the uneven airflow passing through the baffle into a uniform flow field. This uniform flow field ensures the homogeneity of the cellulose pyrolysis reaction, avoiding incomplete pyrolysis or unstable product distribution caused by localized uneven flow rates. The honeycomb structure design ensures the stability of the airflow during passage while reducing airflow resistance, allowing cellulose to fully and uniformly decompose in the secondary chamber, thus improving the quality and stability of the pyrolysis products.

[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, based on the time-temperature coupling relationship between water vapor characteristic peaks and starch caramelization, the control unit constructs a set of water vapor characteristic parameters including characteristic peak thresholds, concentration rise rate thresholds, and peak width ranges, to record the threshold ranges of the corresponding water vapor characteristic parameters such as concentration, concentration rise rate, and characteristic peak width. The characteristic peak threshold is used to define the initiation node of starch pyrolysis; the concentration rise rate threshold is used to determine whether starch has entered a rapid pyrolysis state; and the peak width range is used to characterize the speed of starch pyrolysis.

[0023] A set of water vapor characteristic parameters was used to construct a quantitative identification system for starch pyrolysis state by defining characteristic peak thresholds, concentration rise rate thresholds, and peak width ranges. The characteristic peak thresholds define the initiation point of starch pyrolysis, the concentration rise rate thresholds determine whether starch has entered a rapid pyrolysis state, and the peak width ranges characterize the degree of completion of starch pyrolysis. This multi-parameter threshold system replaces the traditional single-threshold judgment, achieving accurate and quantitative identification of starch pyrolysis state and providing a reliable mechanistic basis for precise system control.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, the control unit forms a real-time response closed loop by combining the water vapor characteristic parameters with the structural parameters of the dynamic staged reactor through a built-in closed-loop model. The closed-loop model includes a signal preprocessing and characteristic parameter identification layer. This layer performs moving average filtering and noise reduction on the raw signal collected by the infrared water vapor sensor, tracks the concentration change trend through a peak detection algorithm, locates the start and end points of the characteristic peaks through an edge detection algorithm, and finally compares the extracted characteristic parameter combination with a preset water vapor characteristic parameter set to determine the real-time thermochemical reaction scenario.

[0025] The closed-loop model's signal preprocessing and feature parameter identification layer employs a triple signal filtering algorithm. First, it filters instantaneous noise using a moving average filter. Then, it identifies only valid signals meeting specific conditions through feature peak identification. Finally, it compares the real-time signal with a pre-defined starch pyrolysis water vapor fingerprint database. This layer-by-layer filtering and identification mechanism ensures high accuracy and reliability of the signals input to the decision layer, avoiding misjudgments caused by fluctuations in raw material moisture content or sensor drift. Through this precise signal preprocessing, the system can accurately extract water vapor feature parameters, providing high-quality data input for subsequent scene identification and control.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the scene recognition rules built into the control unit include: For scenarios where the concentration is within the characteristic peak threshold range, the concentration rise rate is within the concentration rise rate threshold range, and the peak width is within the peak width range, the control unit identifies it as the first scenario and generates the first control command: the micro-spray cooling module is adjusted to the first spray intensity; the dynamic baffle assembly is adjusted to the second opening degree; and the heat transfer oil temperature regulating device is adjusted to the second temperature range. For scenarios where the concentration is higher than the upper limit of the characteristic peak threshold, the concentration rise rate is higher than the upper limit of the concentration rise rate threshold, and the peak width is lower than the lower limit of the peak width range, the control unit identifies it as the second scenario and generates a second control command. The execution component performs the corresponding actions according to the preset timing sequence: within the first time period after the signal is triggered, the micro-spray cooling module is started to the third spray intensity; within the second time period after the end of the first time period, the servo motor of the dynamic baffle assembly is driven to reduce the opening to the first opening; within the third time period after the end of the second time period, the heat transfer oil temperature regulating device is controlled to reduce the oil temperature to the first temperature range. For scenarios where the concentration is below the lower limit of the characteristic peak threshold, the concentration rise rate is below the lower limit of the concentration rise rate threshold, and the peak width is above the upper limit of the peak width range, the control unit identifies it as a third scenario and generates a third control command. The execution component performs the corresponding actions according to a preset sequence: within the first time period after the signal is triggered, the heat transfer oil temperature regulating device is controlled to increase the oil temperature to the third temperature range; within the second time period after the end of the first time period, the dynamic baffle assembly is driven to increase the opening to the third opening; the micro-spray cooling module is adjusted to the first spray intensity. For scenarios where the concentration exceeds the upper limit of the characteristic peak threshold, and the concentration rise rate is normal but the peak width exceeds the upper limit of the peak width range, the control unit generates a corresponding fourth control command: activate the outer nozzle unit of the micro-spray cooling module to the second or third spray intensity, while the inner nozzle unit maintains the first spray intensity; drive the dynamic baffle assembly to repeatedly adjust its opening so that the baffle fluctuates within the second opening ± a preset range, cooperating with the honeycomb airflow distributor to optimize the flow field; maintain the heat transfer oil temperature unchanged. Among the scene recognition rules built into the control unit, the first spray intensity < the second spray intensity < the third spray intensity; the first opening degree < the second opening degree < the third opening degree; and the first temperature range < the second temperature range < the third temperature range.

[0027] The control unit's built-in scene recognition rules define three pyrolysis scenarios for different combinations of water vapor characteristic parameters and generate corresponding control commands. The first scenario indicates a stable pyrolysis process, requiring only the current parameters to be maintained. The second scenario indicates that starch pyrolysis is too rapid, posing a risk of caramelization; in this scenario, the system sequentially initiates micro-spray cooling, adjusts the baffle opening, and lowers the pre-decomposition chamber oil temperature according to a preset time sequence. The third scenario indicates that starch pyrolysis is too slow; in this scenario, the system sequentially increases the pre-decomposition chamber oil temperature and increases the baffle opening. This scenario-based timing control strategy ensures that the system can complete control before starch caramelization occurs, achieving proactive intervention, effectively avoiding caramelization, and guaranteeing the stability of the pyrolysis process and product quality. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a hardware connection diagram of the intelligent monitoring system provided by the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dynamic staged reactor provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber and the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber provided by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-stage product initial separation chamber provided by the present invention.

[0029] List of reference numerals 100: Dynamic staged reactor; 110: Primary starch pre-decomposition chamber; 111: Micro-spray cooling module; 112: Flow regulating valve; 113: Annular nozzle array; 114: Medium supply pipeline; 115: Semi-pipe jacket; 116: Heat transfer oil inlet; 117: Heat transfer oil outlet; 118: Outer nozzle unit; 119: Inner nozzle unit; 120: Secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber; 121: Dynamic baffle assembly; 122: Variable diameter airflow channel; 123: Honeycomb airflow distributor; 130: Tertiary product initial separation chamber; 131: Cyclone separation module; 132: Primary condensation module; 133: Air inlet; 134: Gas outlet; 135: Solid discharge port; 136: Gas outlet; 140: Raw material feed pipe; 200: Monitoring unit; 210: Infrared water vapor sensor; 300: Control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following is a detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention discloses an intelligent monitoring system for thermochemical processes, which includes: Dynamic staged reactor 100 is used to perform thermochemical reactions to achieve the pyrolysis of baijiu lees; The monitoring unit 200 is used to collect monitoring data of the thermochemical reaction process in the dynamic staged reactor 100, and includes an infrared water vapor sensor 210 installed in the dynamic staged reactor 100 to acquire water vapor monitoring data. The control unit 300 is used to receive monitoring data acquired by the monitoring unit 200 and analyze and process it to drive one or more actuators of the dynamic grading reactor 100 to complete corresponding actions through scene recognition.

[0032] like Figure 2As shown, the dynamic staged reactor 100 can be configured as an integrated coupled structure that achieves precise pyrolysis control around the characteristic parameters of starch pyrolysis water vapor. The entire structure is arranged along the raw material processing flow direction, with a primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110, a secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber 120, and a tertiary product initial separation chamber 130. The three chambers are connected in sequence through airflow channels to form a continuous processing flow path of directional starch pre-decomposition, deep cellulose pyrolysis, and rapid product separation. The structural design of each chamber is adapted to the monitoring and control requirements of water vapor characteristic parameters, and the real-time coupling with the pyrolysis process is achieved through the dynamic adjustability of structural parameters.

[0033] Preferably, the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110 is used for initial starch pyrolysis and characteristic signal capture. It has an overall cylindrical cavity structure, and the inner wall of the cavity can be made of a high-temperature and corrosion-resistant material to adapt to the basic pyrolysis temperature and the corrosive environment of the pyrolysis gas. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the inlet end of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110 may be equipped with a raw material feed pipe 140. The outlet of the raw material feed pipe 140 is positioned facing downwards and towards the inner side of the chamber to avoid direct impact of the raw material on the internal components. A high-precision infrared water vapor sensor 210 may be installed on the inner wall of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110 downstream of the raw material feed pipe 140. The installation position of the infrared water vapor sensor 210 is a preset distance from the outlet of the feed pipe to avoid interference from free moisture carried during the initial feeding of the raw material. The probe of the infrared water vapor sensor 210 is angled towards the airflow direction to reduce the adhesion of solid particles generated during pyrolysis to the probe surface. The signal output terminal of the infrared water vapor sensor 210 can be extended outside the chamber via a high-temperature shielded cable and connected to the control unit 300.

[0034] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, a micro-spray cooling module 111 may be provided inside the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110 downstream of the infrared water vapor sensor 210. The micro-spray cooling module 111 may include an annular nozzle array 113 and a media supply pipeline 114. Figure 4 As shown, the annular nozzle array 113 is arranged circumferentially along the inner wall of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110, forming a double-layer annular distribution. Each layer of the annular nozzle array 113 can contain multiple nozzle units capable of forming atomized sprays. The spray direction of the inner nozzle unit 119 is towards the central axis of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110, used for precise cooling of the core pyrolysis area within the chamber. The spray direction of the outer nozzle unit 118 is towards the inner wall of the chamber, used to suppress the formation of coking on the wall surface. One end of the media supply pipeline 114 is connected to the annular nozzle array 113, and the other end extends outside the chamber and is connected to the compressed air source and process water supply device. The media supply pipeline 114 can be equipped with a flow regulating valve 112 to control the supply amount and gas-liquid ratio of the spray medium.

[0035] Preferably, such as Figure 3and Figure 4 As shown, a semi-tube jacket 115 may be provided on the outer wall of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110. The semi-tube jacket 115 is spirally wound along the axial direction of the chamber, forming a closed heat-conducting medium channel inside. A heat-conducting oil inlet 116 and a heat-conducting oil outlet 117 are respectively provided at both ends of the heat-conducting medium channel. The basic temperature control within the chamber is achieved through the circulation of the heat-conducting oil. The heat-conducting oil inlet 116 and the heat-conducting oil outlet 117 can be connected to a heat-conducting medium supply device. The heat-conducting medium supply device can adjust the temperature of the heat-conducting medium (i.e., heat-conducting oil) entering the heat-conducting medium channel through a heat-conducting oil temperature regulating device. Furthermore, the semi-tube jacket 115 and the micro-spray cooling module 111 work together in the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110 to achieve bidirectional temperature regulation within the chamber.

[0036] Preferably, such as Figure 5 As shown, the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber 120 can be located downstream of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110. The two chambers are connected by a variable-diameter airflow channel 122, the diameter of which gradually increases along the airflow direction to reduce the flow velocity of the pyrolysis gas entering the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber 120. The volume of the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber 120 is larger than that of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110, and it is equipped with a dynamic baffle assembly 121 and a honeycomb airflow distributor 123.

[0037] Preferably, such as Figure 5 As shown, the dynamic baffle assembly 121 can be disposed at the outlet of the airflow channel connecting the two chambers to regulate the airflow rate and flow area entering the secondary cellulose decomposition chamber 120. The dynamic baffle assembly 121 may include arc-shaped blades, a servo motor, and a transmission mechanism. Multiple arc-shaped blades can be evenly distributed circumferentially along the outlet of the airflow channel. The blades can be made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel, and sealing strips are embedded at the edges of the blades, tightly fitting against the inner wall of the channel to ensure airtightness. The servo motor is disposed on the outer wall of the chamber, and its output shaft is connected to the arc-shaped blades through a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism uses gear transmission or linkage transmission to drive the arc-shaped blades to rotate synchronously to adjust the baffle opening. The opening adjustment range can cover 0 to 100%, and the adjustment accuracy can reach a preset small error range. Furthermore, the servo motor can be electrically connected to the control unit 300 to receive adjustment commands in real time based on water vapor monitoring data. The servo motor has a position feedback sensor inside, which can feed back the actual opening signal of the blades to the control unit 300 to form a closed-loop regulation.

[0038] Preferably, such as Figure 5As shown, the honeycomb airflow distributor 123 can be disposed in the cavity downstream of the dynamic baffle assembly 121, arranged laterally along the airflow direction. It has an overall plate-like structure with multiple uniformly distributed honeycomb-shaped through holes inside, the axes of which are parallel to the airflow direction. Furthermore, the honeycomb airflow distributor 123 can be made of high-temperature resistant metal and fixed to a support on the inner wall of the cavity by bolts. A buffer pad is provided between the support and the cavity to reduce vibration transmission during pyrolysis. The honeycomb-shaped through holes allow the uneven airflow passing through the dynamic baffle assembly 121 to form a uniform flow field, ensuring the uniformity of the cellulose pyrolysis reaction.

[0039] Preferably, such as Figure 6 As shown, the tertiary product initial separation chamber 130 can be set downstream of the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber 120 for rapid preliminary separation of pyrolysis products. It can integrate a cyclone separation module 131 and a primary condensation module 132, with the two modules arranged sequentially along the product flow direction.

[0040] Preferably, such as Figure 6 As shown, the cyclone separator module 131 is located at the inlet end of the primary separation chamber 130 for the tertiary product, and includes a cyclone separator body, a solid discharge port 135, and a gas outlet 134. Further, the air inlet 133 of the cyclone separator body is connected to the outlet of the secondary cellulose main separation chamber 120, and the air inlet 133 adopts a tangential air intake method to form a rotating airflow field. The inner wall of the cyclone separator body is treated with a wear-resistant material, and an exhaust pipe is provided at the top. The exhaust pipe adopts an insert structure, and its lower end extends to a predetermined depth inside the separator body to extract the separated gas components. The solid discharge port 135 at the bottom is equipped with a star-shaped discharge valve, which can realize the continuous discharge of solid products and prevent air backflow.

[0041] Preferably, such as Figure 6 As shown, the primary condensation module 132 is located downstream of the cyclone separator module 131 and includes a condensation chamber and a condensation tube assembly. The condensation tube assembly is located inside the condensation chamber and is arranged in a serpentine or tubular pattern. Both ends of the condensation tube assembly extend outside the condensation chamber and are connected to a cooling water supply device. The condensation and cooling of the pyrolysis gas are achieved through the circulation of cooling water. Furthermore, a tar outlet is provided at the bottom of the condensation chamber to collect the heavy tar formed during condensation. A valve is provided at the outlet to periodically discharge the tar according to the accumulated tar. The condensed gas is discharged through the outlet 136 at the top of the condensation chamber. The outlet 136 can be connected to external waste gas treatment equipment for subsequent purification treatment.

[0042] Preferably, the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110, the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber 120, and the tertiary product initial separation chamber 130 are connected in series via airflow channels. The structural design of each chamber is deeply coupled with the monitoring and control logic of water vapor characteristic parameters. The signal capture and temperature control structure of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110 provides the basis for the control unit 300. The dynamic adjustment structure of the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber 120 realizes real-time adaptation of the pyrolysis process. The separation structure of the tertiary product initial separation chamber 130 ensures the simplicity and efficiency of product processing. The three work together to form a complete dynamic graded pyrolysis system.

[0043] Traditional thermochemical processes rely on temperature sensors (such as thermocouples) to monitor the reaction process inside the reactor. However, since caramelization is an instantaneous chemical reaction, temperature fluctuations lag behind the starch caramelization process. Therefore, this invention directly monitors the characteristic products of starch pyrolysis using a monitoring unit 200 (i.e., an infrared water vapor sensor 210) installed within the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110, enabling proactive intervention. Since the main characteristic product of starch pyrolysis is water vapor, its peak value occurs earlier than caramelization (the water vapor peak occurs at 220°C, while caramelization begins >260°C). Therefore, this invention acquires and analyzes water vapor monitoring data to identify various water vapor characteristic parameters, thereby enabling proactive intervention based on these parameters.

[0044] Preferably, the identification of water vapor characteristic parameters is based on the strong correlation between water vapor concentration changes and starch pyrolysis state during starch pyrolysis. This transforms qualitative process judgment into a quantitative characteristic parameter identification system. By defining specific combinations of characteristic parameters, a digital fingerprint is formed that can accurately characterize the starch pyrolysis stage, rate, and completion. This provides a reliable mechanistic basis for the dynamic control of the subsequent pyrolysis process, solving the technical problem that traditional qualitative judgments cannot accurately correlate the starch pyrolysis state. This invention can construct a water vapor characteristic parameter set containing threshold ranges of multiple key parameters in the control unit 300, and import the time-temperature coupling relationship between water vapor characteristic peaks and starch caramelization to cooperate with the monitoring unit 200 in identifying water vapor characteristic parameters.

[0045] Preferably, the set of water vapor characteristic parameters is determined through systematic monitoring and analysis of the pyrolysis process of baijiu lees (especially strong-aroma baijiu lees). Thermogravimetric-infrared spectroscopy (TGA-IR) is used to conduct pyrolysis experiments on baijiu lees with high starch content. During the experiment, the change curve of water vapor concentration with pyrolysis time is continuously monitored, and characteristic parameters reflecting the key states of starch pyrolysis are extracted. Specifically, this invention can determine a set of characteristic parameters consisting of three parameters: water vapor concentration, concentration rise rate, and characteristic peak width. Furthermore, the control unit 300 can set corresponding threshold ranges for each of the above three characteristic parameters, namely, the characteristic peak threshold, the concentration rise rate threshold, and the peak width range.

[0046] Preferably, the characteristic peak threshold is the critical water vapor concentration value at which starch begins to enter the large-scale dehydration and pyrolysis stage. This parameter is used to define the starting point of starch pyrolysis. When the monitored water vapor concentration is lower than this threshold, it indicates that the baijiu lees are still in the preheating and drying stage, and the starch has not yet begun large-scale pyrolysis. When the water vapor concentration is higher than this threshold, it indicates that the starch has entered the main pyrolysis stage, and targeted control measures need to be initiated. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the characteristic peak threshold, after the baseline value is determined experimentally, it is also necessary to calibrate it in combination with the differences in starch content of different batches of baijiu lees. The characteristic peak threshold range under different starch contents is obtained through multiple parallel experiments to form a threshold database adapted to the characteristics of different raw materials, which is then incorporated into the water vapor characteristic parameter set. Furthermore, the monitoring and acquisition of the characteristic peak threshold can be realized by an infrared water vapor sensor 210. After the sensor's monitoring data is filtered and noise-reduced by the control unit 300, the peak detection algorithm is used to identify the characteristic inflection point in the concentration change curve. The concentration value corresponding to this inflection point is the characteristic peak threshold. In addition, the control unit 300 can also calculate the average value of multiple continuously monitored threshold data to reduce the impact of random errors on the identification results.

[0047] Preferably, the concentration rise rate threshold is a characteristic parameter threshold for determining whether starch has entered a rapid pyrolysis state. It is defined as the rate of change of water vapor concentration per unit time, calculated by continuously sampling the water vapor concentration during pyrolysis. When the monitored water vapor concentration rise rate is higher than this threshold, it indicates that the starch pyrolysis rate has accelerated significantly, far exceeding the pyrolysis rate of the simultaneously existing cellulose. At this time, an overheated environment is easily formed in a local area of ​​the reactor chamber, leading to the risk of starch caramelization. When the concentration rise rate is lower than this threshold, the starch pyrolysis rate is relatively slow, and the pyrolysis process is in a relatively stable state. Further, the calculation of the concentration rise rate threshold is performed by the control unit 300. The control unit 300 acquires the monitoring data of the infrared water vapor sensor 210 according to a preset sampling interval, uses a differential algorithm to calculate the ratio of the concentration change between two adjacent sampling points to the time interval, and obtains the real-time concentration rise rate data. At the same time, a sliding window algorithm is used to smooth the continuously calculated concentration rise rate data to eliminate misjudgments caused by instantaneous fluctuations and ensure the stability of the concentration rise rate threshold judgment.

[0048] Preferably, the characteristic peak width is a characteristic parameter characterizing the completion of starch pyrolysis. It is defined as the time span from the start to the end of the characteristic peak in the water vapor concentration change curve. The start point of the characteristic peak corresponds to the moment when the water vapor concentration first reaches the characteristic peak threshold, and the end point corresponds to the moment when the water vapor concentration drops below the characteristic peak threshold. The time difference between the two moments is the characteristic peak width. When the characteristic peak width is less than a preset range (i.e., the peak width interval), it indicates that the starch pyrolysis process is too fast, the pyrolysis reaction is insufficient, and caramelization products are easily generated. When the characteristic peak width is greater than the preset range, it indicates that the starch pyrolysis rate is too slow, the overall pyrolysis efficiency is low, and energy consumption and processing time will increase. Furthermore, the identification of the characteristic peak width can be achieved using the curve analysis function of the control unit 300. The control unit 300 can first perform baseline correction on the water vapor concentration change curve to remove background interference signals, and then identify the start and end points of the characteristic peak through an edge detection algorithm, thereby calculating the characteristic peak width data. At the same time, the calculation result can be compared with the preset range to form a judgment result of the pyrolysis completion degree.

[0049] Preferably, the time-temperature coupling relationship between the water vapor characteristic peak and starch caramelization can be determined by simultaneously monitoring the changes in water vapor concentration and the caramelization state of starch during the pyrolysis process. In the pyrolysis experiment, in addition to using an infrared water vapor sensor 210 to monitor the water vapor concentration, the onset time and corresponding temperature of starch caramelization can also be obtained simultaneously through pyrolysis product analysis and thermal field temperature monitoring. The peak value of the water vapor characteristic peak appears earlier than the onset time of starch caramelization, and there is a significant time difference window between the two. At the same time, there is also a certain temperature difference. The temperature corresponding to the peak value of the water vapor characteristic peak is lower than the onset temperature of starch caramelization. The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below. This coupling relationship provides a key mechanistic basis for the early intervention of the pyrolysis process. By utilizing this time difference window, control measures can be initiated in a timely manner by capturing the peak value signal of the water vapor characteristic peak before starch caramelization occurs, thereby completely avoiding the occurrence of caramelization. Furthermore, the monitoring of starch caramelization status can be achieved by combining two methods. One method is to monitor the thermal field temperature in real time through a temperature sensor installed in the reaction chamber and issue an early warning when the temperature reaches the characteristic temperature range of starch caramelization. The other method is to periodically collect pyrolysis intermediate products and use infrared spectroscopy to detect the content of caramelized components in the products. The monitoring data from both methods can be transmitted to the control unit 300 and correlated with the water vapor concentration monitoring data to accurately determine the specific range of the time-temperature coupling relationship.

[0050] Table 1. Verification data on the coupling relationship between water vapor characteristic peaks and starch caramelization "time-temperature". Experimental batch The range of starch content in baijiu lees <![CDATA[Appearance time of the peak value of the water vapor characteristic peak (T1)]]> <![CDATA[T1 corresponds to the pyrolysis temperature]]> <![CDATA[Caramelization start time (T2)]]> <![CDATA[T2 corresponds to the pyrolysis temperature]]> Time difference Temperature difference 1-1 40%~42% 68s 218℃ 105s 240℃ 37s 22℃ 1-2 40%~42% 70s 220℃ 108s 243℃ 38s 23℃ 2-1 43%~45% 65s 219℃ 102s 241℃ 37s 22℃ 2-2 43%~45% 67s 221℃ 104s 244℃ 37s 23℃ 3-1 46%~48% 62s 220℃ 98s 242℃ 36s 22℃ 3-2 46%~48% 64s 222℃ 101s 245℃ 37s 23℃ 4-1 49%~50% 60s 221℃ 95s 243℃ 35s 22℃ 4-2 49%~50% 63s 223℃ 102s 246℃ 39s 23℃ Preferably, the above three feature parameters form a collaborative identification logic through the control unit 300. The concentration is used to start the identification process, the concentration rise rate is used to determine the risk level, and the feature peak width is used to evaluate the pyrolysis effect. The digital fingerprint formed by the three can comprehensively and accurately reflect the real-time status of starch pyrolysis, replacing the traditional single threshold identification method and greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of starch pyrolysis status identification.

[0051] Preferably, the control unit 300 can form a real-time response closed loop by combining the water vapor characteristic parameters with the structural parameters of the dynamic staged reactor 100 through a built-in closed-loop model, thereby achieving full-process automated control and solving the technical problems of adjustment lag, insufficient accuracy and poor adaptability to reactor structure in traditional multi-parameter generalized control.

[0052] Preferably, the first layer of the closed-loop model is the signal preprocessing and feature parameter identification layer. This layer serves as the anti-interference core, used to reduce noise and extract features from the raw signal collected by the infrared water vapor sensor 210, ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of the signal input to the decision layer. The infrared water vapor sensor 210 transmits the real-time monitored water vapor concentration signal to the control unit 300 through a high-temperature shielded cable, allowing the control unit 300 to initiate the first-level moving average filtering algorithm to process the raw signal. This algorithm calculates the average of multiple continuously collected data points through a preset time window. The time window setting can be matched to the sensor's response speed, for example, it can be set to multiple data points within a fraction of a second to filter out instantaneous noise generated by particle impact or electromagnetic interference, making the concentration change curve smoother. The filtered signal enters the second-level feature peak identification stage. The control unit 300 tracks the concentration change trend in real time through a peak detection algorithm, and then locates the start point (the moment when the concentration first reaches the feature peak threshold) and the end point (the moment when the concentration drops below the feature peak threshold) of the feature peak through an edge detection algorithm. The time difference between the two is the real-time peak width parameter. Subsequently, the signal enters the third feature parameter matching stage. The control unit 300 compares the real-time extracted water vapor concentration, concentration rise rate and peak width feature parameter combination with the preset water vapor feature parameter set related to starch pyrolysis to determine the real-time thermochemical reaction scenario type. The water vapor feature parameter set is constructed from multiple batches of pyrolysis experimental data of baijiu lees with different starch contents, and includes standard feature parameter combinations corresponding to different starch contents.

[0053] Preferably, the second level of the closed-loop model is a threshold self-learning and parameter mapping layer. This layer serves as the decision-making core, dynamically optimizing the control threshold based on the preprocessed combination of feature parameters and raw material characteristics, and generating control commands corresponding to the reactor structural parameters. The core of this layer is the threshold self-learning algorithm. When the system is started for the first time or the raw material batch is changed, the control unit 300 can receive the initial calibration data of the starch content of the liquor lees transmitted by the near-infrared sensor. The near-infrared sensor is set on the raw material feed pipe 140 of the dynamic grading reactor 100, and obtains the starch content information of the raw material through non-contact detection. The control unit 300 can call the basic threshold parameters from the water vapor feature parameter set according to the content information, and make adaptive adjustments according to the preset ratio to generate the characteristic peak threshold, concentration rise rate threshold, and initial value of peak width range adapted to the current raw material. After each batch of baijiu lees undergoes pyrolysis, the threshold self-learning algorithm initiates an iterative optimization process. The control unit 300 receives the coking content data from the product detection module. If the coking content exceeds the preset acceptable range, the characteristic peak threshold and concentration rise rate threshold are lowered according to the preset correction coefficient to initiate control measures in advance. If the coking content is too low and the starch pyrolysis rate does not meet the standard, the threshold is appropriately raised to avoid energy waste caused by excessive control. The threshold self-iterative optimization is achieved through a cycle of raw material detection, threshold setting, effect feedback, and parameter correction.

[0054] Furthermore, the control unit 300 can convert the real-time monitored water vapor concentration and concentration rise rate into control values ​​for parameters of the micro-spray cooling module 111, the opening degree of the dynamic baffle assembly 121, and the heat transfer oil temperature of the heat transfer oil temperature regulating device, etc., through built-in scene recognition rules. This replaces fuzzy logical judgments, generates precise decision commands, and transmits them to the execution layer. For example, the scene recognition rules built into the control unit 300 may include: For scenarios where the concentration is within the characteristic peak threshold range, the concentration rise rate is within the concentration rise rate threshold range, and the peak width is within the preset range, the control unit 300 can identify it as the first scenario. This scenario indicates that the starch pyrolysis rate is moderate, the pyrolysis process is sufficient, and there is no risk of caramelization. The control unit 300 can generate a first control command: the micro-spray cooling module 111 is adjusted to the first spray intensity, solely for preventing nozzle clogging; the dynamic baffle assembly 121 is adjusted to the second opening to ensure the normal residence time of the pyrolysis products; and the heat transfer oil temperature regulating device is adjusted to the second temperature range for stable operation. Simultaneously, the control unit 300 continuously monitors the fluctuation trend of the three-dimensional parameters. If any parameter shows signs of deviation, the corresponding actuator can be fine-tuned in advance (e.g., slightly increasing the heat transfer oil temperature when the peak width slightly increases).

[0055] For scenarios where the concentration exceeds the upper limit of the characteristic peak threshold, the concentration rise rate exceeds the upper limit of the concentration rise rate threshold, and the peak width is lower than the lower limit of the preset range, the control unit 300 can identify it as a second scenario. This scenario indicates that the starch pyrolysis rate is too fast, local heat accumulates, and caramelization precursors have formed with insufficient pyrolysis. The control unit 300 can generate a second control command, and the execution component performs corresponding actions according to a preset sequence: within the first time period after the signal is triggered (e.g., 0~0.5s), the micro-spray cooling module 111 is activated to the third spray intensity to quickly absorb local heat through gas-liquid atomization spray; within the second time period after the end of the first time period (0.5~1.0s), the servo motor of the dynamic baffle assembly 121 is driven to reduce the opening to the first opening, forcing the pyrolysis products to quickly enter the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber 120 from the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110, shortening the residence time; within the third time period after the end of the second time period (1.0~2.0s), the heat transfer oil temperature regulating device is controlled to reduce the oil temperature to the first temperature range to suppress the pyrolysis rate from the source. During this process, the peak width parameter serves as the core feedback indicator. If the peak width does not recover to the preset range within a preset time, the control unit 300 can automatically increase the spray intensity and further reduce the baffle opening.

[0056] For scenarios where the concentration is below the lower limit of the characteristic peak threshold, the concentration rise rate is below the lower limit of the concentration rise rate threshold, and the peak width is above the upper limit of the preset range, the control unit 300 can identify it as a third scenario. This scenario indicates that the starch pyrolysis rate is too slow, the energy utilization rate is low, and the pyrolysis is incomplete, which can easily lead to insufficient load on the subsequent secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber 120. The control unit 300 can generate a third control command, and the execution component performs corresponding actions according to a preset timing sequence: within the first time period after the signal is triggered (e.g., 0~1.0s), the heat transfer oil temperature regulating device is controlled to increase the oil temperature to the third temperature range to enhance the pyrolysis driving force; within the second time period after the end of the first time period (1.0~1.5s), the dynamic baffle assembly 121 is driven to increase the opening to the third opening to prolong the residence time of starch in the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber 110; the micro-spray cooling module 111 is adjusted to the first spray intensity and is only activated momentarily when the concentration unexpectedly exceeds the standard. During the control process, the coordinated change of concentration increase rate and peak width is used as the feedback basis. When the concentration increase rate rises back to the threshold range and the peak width shrinks to the preset range, the current parameters are maintained; if the peak width still exceeds the standard, the baffle opening is increased a second time.

[0057] For complex fluctuating pyrolysis scenarios with three-dimensional parameter cross-fluctuations (such as "concentration exceeding the standard but peak width too wide" or "concentration rise rate normal but peak width suddenly changes"), the control unit 300 can identify it as a fourth scenario. This scenario is often caused by uneven raw material composition or local flow field disturbances, requiring dynamic adjustment of the control weights. Taking the scenario of "concentration higher than the threshold, concentration rise rate normal but peak width too wide" as an example, in this scenario, starch is locally overheated but overall pyrolysis is insufficient. The control unit 300 generates the corresponding fourth control command: activate the outer nozzle unit 118 of the micro-spray cooling module 111 to the second or third spray intensity to cool only the cavity wall to avoid local scorching, while the inner nozzle unit 119 maintains the first spray intensity; drive the dynamic baffle assembly 121 to repeatedly adjust the opening slightly so that the baffle fluctuates within the second opening ± preset range, cooperating with the honeycomb airflow distributor 123 to optimize the flow field and promote pyrolysis uniformity; keep the heat transfer oil temperature constant to avoid exacerbating local overheating. In such scenarios, the control unit 300 can initiate parameter fluctuation frequency monitoring. If the fluctuation continues for more than a preset time, it will trigger an emergency iteration of threshold self-learning to correct the parameter threshold of the current batch.

[0058] Furthermore, in the scene recognition rules built into the control unit 300, the first spray intensity < the second spray intensity < the third spray intensity; the first opening degree < the second opening degree < the third opening degree; and the first temperature range < the second temperature range < the third temperature range.

[0059] Preferably, the third level of the closed-loop model is the dynamic response and coordinated regulation layer. This layer serves as the execution core, receiving instructions from the decision-making layer and driving the coordinated actions of each execution component of the dynamic staged reactor 100. Simultaneously, a feedback mechanism enables real-time verification of the control effect. The execution layer includes three types of execution components corresponding to the structure of the dynamic staged reactor 100: a micro-spray cooling module 111, a dynamic baffle assembly 121, and a heat transfer oil temperature regulating device. All three types of execution components can be electrically connected to the control unit 300 via a drive module to receive decision instructions and execute corresponding actions. Specifically, the micro-spray cooling module 111 can drive the flow regulating valve 112, the dynamic baffle assembly 121 can drive the servo motor, and the heat transfer oil temperature regulating device can drive the heat exchanger. Preferably, during execution, the status monitoring modules of each execution component (such as valve opening sensors, motor position encoders, and oil temperature sensors) collect execution parameters in real time and transmit them back to the control unit 300 at a preset frequency. The control unit 300 compares the actual execution parameters with the target values ​​of the instructions. If the deviation exceeds the allowable range, a correction instruction is immediately sent to ensure the accurate execution of the control actions. For example, in the second scenario, if the feedback peak width does not reach the target, the control unit 300 can automatically increase the micro-spray flow rate; in the third scenario, if the concentration increase rate does not recover, the control unit 300 can further increase the heat transfer oil temperature.

[0060] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above are exemplary. Those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention, and these solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. This specification contains multiple inventive concepts; phrases such as "preferred" or "according to a preferred embodiment" indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept. The applicant reserves the right to file divisional applications based on each inventive concept. Throughout the text, the feature introduced by "preferred" is only an optional mode and should not be construed as mandatory. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete relevant preferred features at any time.

Claims

1. An intelligent monitoring system for thermochemical processes, characterized in that, It includes: The dynamic graded reactor (100) is provided with a primary starch pre-decomposition chamber (110) for directional starch pre-decomposition, a secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber (120) for deep cellulose decomposition, and a tertiary product initial separation chamber (130) for product separation along the raw material processing flow direction, so as to realize the pyrolysis of baijiu lees through thermochemical reaction. The actuators of the dynamic graded reactor (100) include a micro-spray cooling module (111) provided in the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber (110), a dynamic baffle assembly (121) provided in the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber (120), and a heat transfer oil temperature regulating device. The monitoring unit (200) is equipped with an infrared water vapor sensor (210) for acquiring water vapor monitoring data in the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber (110). The control unit (300) identifies various water vapor characteristic parameters based on the water vapor monitoring data obtained by the infrared water vapor sensor (210), compares these characteristic parameters with a preset set of water vapor characteristic parameters related to starch pyrolysis to determine the real-time thermochemical reaction scenario type, and generates control instructions corresponding to the scenario type. The water vapor characteristic parameters include water vapor concentration, concentration rise rate, and characteristic peak width.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary starch pre-decomposition chamber (110) has a cylindrical cavity structure. The inlet end of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber (110) is provided with a raw material feed pipe (140) with the outlet facing the lower side of the cavity. The infrared water vapor sensor (210) can be installed on the downstream inner wall of the raw material feed pipe (140) and electrically connected to the control unit (300). The probe of the infrared water vapor sensor (210) is set at an angle oblique to the airflow direction to reduce the adhesion of solid particles generated during pyrolysis to the probe surface.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The micro-spray cooling module (111) located inside the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber (110) includes an annular nozzle array (113) and a media supply pipeline (114). The annular nozzle array (113) is arranged circumferentially along the inner wall of the pre-decomposition chamber and is distributed in a double-layer annular pattern. Each layer of the annular nozzle array (113) contains multiple nozzle units capable of forming atomized sprays. The spray direction of the inner nozzle unit (119) is towards the central axis of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber (110), and the spray direction of the outer nozzle unit (118) is towards the inner wall of the chamber. One end of the media supply pipeline (114) is connected to the annular nozzle array (113), and the other end extends to the outside of the chamber and is connected to the compressed air source and process water supply device. The media supply pipeline (114) is provided with a flow regulating valve (112) for controlling the supply of spray media and the gas-liquid ratio.

4. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The outer wall of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber (110) is provided with a semi-tube jacket (115), which is spirally wound along the axial direction of the chamber to form a closed heat-conducting medium channel. The two ends of the heat-conducting medium channel are respectively provided with a heat-conducting oil inlet (116) and a heat-conducting oil outlet (117). The basic temperature regulation in the chamber is achieved by circulating the heat-conducting oil. The temperature of the heat-conducting oil can be adjusted by a heat-conducting oil temperature regulating device.

5. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber (120), whose volume is larger than that of the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber (110), is connected to the primary starch pre-decomposition chamber (110) through a variable diameter airflow channel (122). The diameter of the variable diameter airflow channel (122) gradually increases along the airflow direction to reduce the flow velocity of the pyrolysis gas when it enters the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber (120). A dynamic baffle assembly (121) capable of adjusting the airflow rate and flow area entering the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber (120) is provided at the outlet of the variable diameter airflow channel (122) in the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber (120).

6. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The dynamic baffle assembly (121) includes arc-shaped blades, a servo motor, and a transmission mechanism. Multiple arc-shaped blades are evenly distributed circumferentially along the outlet of the airflow channel. The servo motor is mounted on the outer wall of the cavity, and its output shaft is connected to the arc-shaped blades via a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism employs gear or linkage transmission to drive the arc-shaped blades to rotate synchronously, thereby adjusting the baffle opening. The servo motor, which has an internal position feedback sensor, is electrically connected to the control unit (300) to respond to the control unit (300) and feed back the actual opening signal of the blade to the control unit (300) to form a closed-loop regulation.

7. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Downstream of the dynamic baffle assembly (121) in the secondary cellulose main decomposition chamber (120), a honeycomb airflow distributor (123) is arranged laterally along the airflow direction. The honeycomb airflow distributor (123) has multiple uniformly distributed honeycomb-shaped through holes inside, and the axis of the through holes is parallel to the airflow direction.

8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Based on the time-temperature coupling relationship between water vapor characteristic peaks and starch caramelization, the control unit (300) constructs a set of water vapor characteristic parameters including characteristic peak thresholds, concentration rise rate thresholds, and peak width ranges, to record the threshold ranges of water vapor characteristic parameters such as concentration, concentration rise rate, and characteristic peak width, respectively. The characteristic peak threshold is used to define the starting point of starch pyrolysis; the concentration rise rate threshold is used to determine whether starch has entered a rapid pyrolysis state; and the peak width range is used to characterize the speed of starch pyrolysis.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The control unit (300) forms a real-time response closed loop with the structural parameters of the dynamic staged reactor (100) by using a built-in closed-loop model. The closed-loop model includes a signal preprocessing and feature parameter identification layer. This layer performs moving average filtering and noise reduction on the raw signal collected by the infrared water vapor sensor (210), tracks the concentration change trend through a peak detection algorithm, locates the start and end points of the feature peaks through an edge detection algorithm, and finally compares the extracted feature parameter combination with the preset water vapor feature parameter set to determine the real-time thermochemical reaction scenario.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The scene recognition rules built into the control unit (300) include: For scenarios where the concentration is within the characteristic peak threshold range, the concentration rise rate is within the concentration rise rate threshold range, and the peak width is within the peak width range, the control unit (300) identifies it as the first scenario and generates the first control command: the micro-spray cooling module (111) is adjusted to the first spray intensity; the dynamic baffle assembly (121) is adjusted to the second opening degree; and the heat transfer oil temperature regulating device is adjusted to the second temperature range. For scenarios where the concentration is higher than the upper limit of the characteristic peak threshold, the concentration rise rate is higher than the upper limit of the concentration rise rate threshold, and the peak width is lower than the lower limit of the peak width range, the control unit (300) identifies it as a second scenario and generates a second control command. The execution component performs the corresponding actions according to the preset timing sequence: in the first time period after the signal is triggered, the micro-spray cooling module (111) is started to the third spray intensity; in the second time period after the end of the first time period, the servo motor of the dynamic baffle assembly (121) is driven to reduce the opening to the first opening; in the third time period after the end of the second time period, the heat transfer oil temperature regulating device is controlled to reduce the oil temperature to the first temperature range. For scenarios where the concentration is below the lower limit of the characteristic peak threshold, the concentration rise rate is below the lower limit of the concentration rise rate threshold, and the peak width is above the upper limit of the peak width range, the control unit (300) identifies it as a third scenario and generates a third control command. The execution component performs the corresponding actions according to the preset timing sequence: in the first time period after the signal is triggered, the heat transfer oil temperature regulating device is controlled to increase the oil temperature to the third temperature range; in the second time period after the end of the first time period, the dynamic baffle assembly (121) is driven to increase the opening to the third opening; the micro-spray cooling module (111) is adjusted to the first spray intensity. For scenarios where the concentration is higher than the upper limit of the characteristic peak threshold and the concentration rise rate is normal but the peak width is higher than the upper limit of the peak width range, the control unit (300) generates a corresponding fourth control command: activate the outer nozzle unit (118) of the micro-spray cooling module (111) to the second or third spray intensity, and maintain the inner nozzle unit (119) at the first spray intensity; drive the dynamic baffle assembly (121) to repeatedly adjust the opening so that the baffle fluctuates within the second opening ± preset range, and optimize the flow field in conjunction with the honeycomb airflow distributor (123); keep the heat transfer oil temperature constant. Among them, in the scene recognition rules built into the control unit (300), the first spray intensity < the second spray intensity < the third spray intensity; the first opening degree < the second opening degree < the third opening degree; the first temperature range < the second temperature range < the third temperature range.

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