An ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device

Abstract

An automatic ultrasonic flaw detection device, belonging to the field of ultrasonic flaw detection technology, aims to solve the problems of misjudging surface interference as internal cracks or inclusions and damage caused by direct contact between the probe and the shaft. The invention includes a frame, a drive component installed inside the frame, a movable plate on the surface of the drive component, a fixed cylinder fixedly installed inside the movable plate, and a fixed column slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder. This invention uses an electromagnetic coil to excite a high-frequency alternating magnetic field, which can penetrate obstacles such as rust protrusions and weld beads on the surface of the shaft, directly generating ultrasonic waves in the metal substrate. This eliminates the need for the ultrasonic probe to contact the shaft. On the one hand, it avoids false signals generated by reflections from obstacles in traditional contact probes, reducing the false judgment rate. On the other hand, it can receive ultrasonic reflected waves through air coupling without the need for a coupling agent, reducing energy loss caused by uneven application of the coupling agent and eliminating interference from surface obstacles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ultrasonic flaw detection technology, specifically to an automatic ultrasonic flaw detection device. Background Technology

[0002] As a core transmission component of hydroelectric power generation equipment, the turbine shaft operates in a humid, silty environment for extended periods. Its surface is prone to the formation of irregular obstructions such as rust protrusions, weld beads, and burrs. Furthermore, internal defects such as cracks and porosity may develop due to fatigue loads and stress concentration. To ensure the safe operation of the turbine, regular non-destructive testing using ultrasonic flaw detectors is necessary to identify both surface and internal defects.

[0003] Current ultrasonic automatic flaw detection devices typically employ a detection mode where the ultrasonic probe directly contacts the surface of the shaft. This mode requires a tight fit between the probe and the shaft surface, and the application of a coupling agent to enhance ultrasonic energy transmission, allowing the ultrasonic waves to penetrate the shaft substrate. Defect identification is then achieved through defect reflection waves. However, obstacles such as rust protrusions and weld beads on the shaft surface can cause multiple interferences to the ultrasonic wave propagation path, generating false defect signals. This can lead the system to mistakenly identify surface interference as internal cracks or inclusions. Thicker rust layers or irregular weld beads can result in a looser fit between the probe and the shaft substrate, causing ultrasonic energy attenuation and masking the reflected wave signals of tiny internal defects, leading to missed detections and misjudgments. Furthermore, due to the direct contact detection method, the probe inevitably collides and rubs against hard obstacles such as rust protrusions and weld beads when scanning along the shaft's axial or circumferential direction. This can easily cause scratches or cracks to the probe's protective film, or even cause the internal piezoelectric crystal to shatter or detach, interrupting the entire detection process.

[0004] To address the above problems, an automatic ultrasonic flaw detection device is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device. By using this device, the problems of misjudging surface interference as internal cracks or inclusions and damage caused by direct contact between the probe and the main shaft, as mentioned in the background, are solved.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An automatic ultrasonic flaw detection device includes a frame, a driving component installed inside the frame, a movable plate on the surface of the driving component, a fixed cylinder fixedly installed inside the movable plate, a fixed column slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder, an ultrasonic probe fixedly installed at one end of the fixed column, a circular frame fixedly installed outside the ultrasonic probe, an electromagnetic coil fixedly installed inside the circular frame, a high-frequency power supply fixedly installed inside the movable plate, and the high-frequency power supply electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil through a wire, a heating plate fixedly installed inside the fixed cylinder, and the high-frequency power supply electrically connected to the heating plate through a wire, a shape memory alloy fixedly installed on one side of the heating plate, and one end of the shape memory alloy fixedly connected to the fixed column, two elastic elements fixedly installed inside the fixed cylinder, and the fixed column connected to both elastic elements, and a positioning seat fixedly installed inside the frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the driving component includes a motor and a threaded rod rotatably connected inside the frame. The motor is fixedly connected to the frame, and the threaded rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. A limit rod is fixedly installed inside the frame.

[0009] Furthermore, a threaded plate is fixedly installed on one side of the movable plate, the threaded plate is threadedly connected to the threaded rod, and two limiting plates are fixedly installed on one side of the threaded plate, and both limiting plates are slidably connected to the limiting rod.

[0010] Furthermore, a liquid storage tank is fixedly installed on one side of the movable plate, and a conduit is connected to both ends of the liquid storage tank. A one-way valve is installed on one side of the conduit, and a squeezing component is installed at the bottom of the movable plate. One end of the conduit is connected to the squeezing component, and the fixed column is connected to the squeezing component in a transmission connection. A number of spray nozzles are connected to one end of the squeezing component.

[0011] Furthermore, the extrusion component includes an arc-shaped shell and two connecting plates fixed to one side of the arc-shaped shell. Both connecting plates are fixedly connected to a movable plate. An inclined plate is installed on one side of each of the two connecting plates. A gear is rotatably connected between the two inclined plates. Two convex plates are fixedly installed on one side of the arc-shaped shell. A pressure plate is slidably connected to one side of the arc-shaped shell, and the pressure plate is slidably connected to the two convex plates. A first toothed plate is fixedly installed on one side of the pressure plate, and the first toothed plate is meshed with the gear. An arc-shaped piston plate is slidably connected inside the arc-shaped shell, and the pressure plate is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped piston plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the ejector includes a nozzle and a limiting ring fixed inside the nozzle. Four hinge seats are fixedly installed on one side of the limiting ring, and a sealing plate is rotatably connected to one side of the hinge seats. Two rotating rods are fixedly installed inside the sealing plate, and both rotating rods are rotatably connected to the hinge seats. Torsion springs are fixedly installed on the surfaces of both rotating rods, and one end of the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the inside of the hinge seat.

[0013] Furthermore, a limiting groove is correspondingly provided on the inner wall of the fixed cylinder.

[0014] Furthermore, a second toothed plate is fixedly installed on both sides of the fixed column, and the second toothed plate is meshed with a gear. Two sliders are fixedly installed on the surface of the fixed column, and the sliders are slidably connected to the limiting groove.

[0015] Furthermore, the elastic element includes two support rods and two springs fixed inside the fixed cylinder. The fixed column is slidably connected to the two support rods, and one end of each of the two springs is fixedly connected to the fixed column.

[0016] Furthermore, the positioning seat includes a base plate and two support plates fixed to the base plate. A bidirectional screw is rotatably connected inside the base plate. A throttle handle is fixedly installed at one end of the bidirectional screw. Two clamping plates are threadedly connected to the surface of the bidirectional screw, and both clamping plates are slidably connected to the base plate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. By exciting a high-frequency alternating magnetic field through an electromagnetic coil, it can penetrate obstacles such as rust protrusions and weld beads on the surface of the shaft and generate ultrasonic waves directly in the metal substrate. There is no need for the ultrasonic probe to contact the shaft. On the one hand, it avoids the false signals generated by the reflection of obstacles in traditional contact probes, reducing the false judgment rate. On the other hand, it can receive ultrasonic reflected waves through air coupling without the need for coupling agent, reducing energy loss caused by uneven application of coupling agent and eliminating the interference of surface obstacles on the detection.

[0019] 2. When the electromagnetic coil detects an obstacle, the high-frequency power supply drives the heating plate to heat the shape memory alloy, causing the ultrasonic probe to quickly retract to avoid the obstacle, thus preventing the ultrasonic probe from colliding with the obstacle, preventing detection interruption, and improving the service life of the ultrasonic probe.

[0020] 3. When the fixed column retracts, the gear transmission of the squeezing component is driven by the second toothed plate to squeeze the marking liquid in the storage tank. The suspected defect area is accurately marked by the spraying component. There is no need for the operator to review all the data from beginning to end to find the suspected point. Only the physical marking points on the surface of the main shaft need to be checked for a second time, which greatly shortens the re-inspection time.

[0021] 4. With the bidirectional screw rotating, the two clamping plates move relative to each other along the sliding track of the base plate under the action of the screw thread, which can clamp and fix both ends of the shaft, realizing precise centering and stable fixation of the shafts of turbines of different diameters. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the drive component structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic element structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the extrusion component structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the ejector structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed column retraction structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning seat structure of the present invention.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Drive unit; 21. Motor; 22. Threaded rod; 23. Limiting rod; 3. Moving plate; 31. Threaded plate; 32. Limiting plate; 33. Storage tank; 34. Conduit; 35. One-way valve; 36. Extrusion component; 361. Arc-shaped shell; 362. Connecting plate; 363. Inclined plate; 364. Gear; 365. Convex plate; 366. Pressure plate; 367. First toothed plate; 368. Arc-shaped piston plate; 37. Ejector component; 371. Nozzle; 372. Limiting ring; 37 3. Hinge seat; 374. Sealing plate; 375. Rotating rod; 376. Torsion spring; 4. Fixed cylinder; 41. Limiting groove; 5. Fixed column; 51. Second toothed plate; 52. Slider; 6. Ultrasonic probe; 7. Circular frame; 8. Electromagnetic coil; 9. High-frequency power supply; 10. Heating plate; 20. Shape memory alloy; 30. Elastic element; 301. Support rod; 302. Spring; 40. Positioning seat; 401. Base plate; 402. Support plate; 403. Bidirectional screw; 404. Throttle; 405. Clamping plate. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] To address the technical problem of mistakenly identifying surface disturbances as internal cracks or inclusions, such as Figures 1-9 As shown, the following preferred technical solutions are provided:

[0034] like Figures 1-2 As shown, an automatic ultrasonic flaw detection device includes a frame 1, a drive component 2 installed inside the frame 1, and a movable plate 3 disposed on the surface of the drive component 2. The drive component 2 can drive the movable plate 3 to reciprocate along the axial direction of the main shaft, avoiding uneven scanning speed caused by manual operation, ensuring consistent ultrasonic signal acquisition frequency, and reducing missed defects due to speed fluctuations. A fixed cylinder 4 is fixedly installed inside the movable plate 3, and a fixed column 5 is slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder 4. An ultrasonic probe 6 is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed column 5. In traditional ultrasonic probes, the ultrasonic probe 6 needs to be in direct contact with the main shaft, which is easily worn by rust and weld beads. In this device, the ultrasonic probe 6 does not need to be in contact, and receives ultrasonic reflected waves through air coupling, avoiding scratches on the protective film and cracking of the crystal, and improving the service life of the probe. At the same time, there is no need to apply coupling agent, reducing coupling agent costs and subsequent cleaning processes, and avoiding ultrasonic energy loss caused by uneven application of coupling agent, thus improving the internal defect detection rate. The fixed column 5 is slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder 4, providing precise guidance for the extension and retraction of the ultrasonic probe 6, and preventing lateral displacement when the ultrasonic probe 6 retracts or resets.

[0035] A circular frame 7 is fixedly installed on the outside of the ultrasonic probe 6. An electromagnetic coil 8 is fixedly installed inside the circular frame 7. A high-frequency power supply 9 is fixedly installed inside the movable plate 3. The high-frequency power supply 9 is electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil 8 through a wire. The circular frame 7 provides a stable mounting structure for the electromagnetic coil 8, ensuring that the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 8 acts uniformly on the surface of the shaft. The alternating magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 8 after passing a high-frequency current can penetrate obstacles such as rust protrusions and weld beads, and directly excite ultrasonic waves in the metal substrate of the shaft. Compared with traditional contact probes, it can avoid the interference of surface obstacles on ultrasonic propagation, reduce false signals caused by obstacle reflection, and lower the misjudgment rate. A heating plate 10 is fixedly installed inside the fixed cylinder 4. The high-frequency power supply 9 is electrically connected to the heating plate 10 through a wire. The high-frequency power supply 9 can provide precise current output to the electromagnetic coil 8 and the heating plate 10 respectively. To reduce equipment size and cost, and to achieve on-demand energy allocation and improve energy utilization, a shape memory alloy 20 is fixedly installed on one side of the heating plate 10, and one end of the shape memory alloy 20 is fixedly connected to the fixed column 5. The heating plate 10 and the shape memory alloy 20 are in close contact, which can quickly heat the shape memory alloy 20 to the phase change temperature, ensuring that the probe can quickly retract. This allows the probe to avoid obstacles in time before they approach the ultrasonic probe 6, thus preventing the ultrasonic probe 6 from colliding with the obstacle and reducing equipment wear.

[0036] Two elastic elements 30 are fixedly installed inside the fixed cylinder 4, and the fixed column 5 is connected to the two elastic elements 30. After the shape memory alloy 20 cools, the two elastic elements 30 can push the fixed column 5 and the ultrasonic probe 6 to quickly reset to the detection position through elastic force. On the one hand, no additional driving components are required, which simplifies the structure and reduces energy consumption. On the other hand, it can achieve seamless connection between obstacle avoidance, reset and continuous detection, avoid detection interruption caused by manual reset, and ensure the continuous detection process. Especially for scenarios with multiple obstacles on the surface of the main shaft, it can greatly reduce the detection downtime. The frame 1 is fixedly installed with a positioning seat 40. The positioning seat 40 can be precisely fitted with the outer circle surface of the turbine main shaft to achieve quick centering and fixation of the device on the main shaft. It can avoid the main shaft offset during the detection process, ensure that the scanning path continuously covers the surface of the main shaft, and eliminate the local area missed scan caused by positioning deviation.

[0037] By contacting the outer circular surface of the turbine shaft with the positioning seat 40, the device can be quickly and stably installed and centered on the shaft. This ensures the stability of the relative position between the ultrasonic probe 6 and the shaft surface during subsequent testing, providing a foundation for testing accuracy. The high-frequency power supply 9 outputs a high-frequency current to the electromagnetic coil 8, generating a high-frequency alternating electromagnetic field around the electromagnetic coil 8 and on the shaft surface. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, this alternating electromagnetic field penetrates non-conductive or low-conductive obstacles such as rust and oxide scale on the shaft surface, inducing annular eddy currents on the surface of the underlying metal substrate. The interaction between the eddy currents and the original electromagnetic field generates a Lorentz force or magnetostrictive effect. This force directly excites ultrasonic waves inside the metal substrate. The excited ultrasonic waves propagate radially or axially inside the shaft. When they encounter internal defects or structural boundaries, some of the sound wave energy is reflected back, causing minute mechanical vibrations on the shaft surface. Even if the ultrasonic probe 6 does not contact the surface of the main shaft, these vibrations can still be transmitted to the piezoelectric crystal of the ultrasonic probe 6 through the air or an extremely thin dielectric layer. The piezoelectric crystal converts this mechanical vibration into a corresponding electrical signal, thereby enabling the detection of defects. Therefore, non-contact detection can prevent the ultrasonic probe 6 from being contaminated or damaged by contact. At the same time, it can easily penetrate surface coverings such as rust, oxide scale, and paint, and directly interact with the metal substrate, eliminating the interference of these obstacles on the ultrasonic signal from the source and greatly reducing the rate of missed detections and false judgments.

[0038] The driving component 2 drives the moving plate 3 to move back and forth, which in turn drives the ultrasonic probe 6 and the electromagnetic coil 8 to move back and forth, allowing detection at different positions of the shaft. During the detection process, when obstacles such as rust protrusions and weld beads appear on the surface of the shaft, although these are not crack-like defects, they will change the conductivity distribution and physical morphology of the shaft surface. The electromagnetic field can capture these changes through two mechanisms to achieve obstacle identification. The conductivity of the rust protrusions is much lower than that of the metal substrate, which will block the local eddy current path and cause the equivalent impedance of the coil to increase significantly. Weld beads are metal accumulations, which will increase the local eddy current density and cause the coil impedance to decrease. The system presets a normal impedance threshold range. When the impedance exceeds the threshold, it can be determined that there is an obstacle. Then, the controller (the controller is existing technology and is not shown in the figure) causes the high-frequency power supply 9 to output current to the heating plate 10, which causes the heating plate 10 to heat up rapidly, thereby heating the shape memory alloy 20. The shape memory alloy 20 will deform, causing the fixed column 5 and the ultrasonic probe 6 to move upward rapidly, achieving a retraction effect.

[0039] When encountering an obstacle, the ultrasonic probe 6 can retract in time, avoiding direct collision and friction between the ultrasonic probe 6 and the obstacle, thereby extending the service life of the probe and reducing the maintenance cost of the equipment. After passing the obstacle, the shape memory alloy 20 no longer heats up, and the elastic force of the two elastic elements 30 causes the fixed column 5 and the ultrasonic probe 6 to return to the initial position. Therefore, it can automatically detect obstacles such as rust protrusions and weld beads on the surface of the shaft. The shape memory alloy 20 drives the ultrasonic probe 6 to retract, enabling the ultrasonic probe 6 to adapt to uneven surfaces and avoid probe damage or inaccurate detection due to obstacles. This can effectively improve the reliability and stability of the detection and enable efficient detection of the shaft in complex industrial environments.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, the driving component 2 includes a motor 21 and a threaded rod 22 rotatably connected inside the frame 1. The motor 21 is fixedly connected to the frame 1, and the threaded rod 22 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 21. A limit rod 23 is fixedly installed inside the frame 1. The motor 21 can drive the threaded rod 22 to rotate. The rotation of the threaded rod 22 can drive the moving plate 3 to move back and forth. The limit rod 23 serves as an auxiliary support and guide, strictly limiting the degree of freedom of movement of the moving plate 3, so that it can only move linearly along the axial direction and cannot twist or swing.

[0041] To address the technical problem of damage caused by direct contact between the ultrasonic probe 6 and the main shaft, such as... Figures 4-9 As shown, the following preferred technical solutions are provided:

[0042] like Figures 4-8As shown, a threaded plate 31 is fixedly installed on one side of the movable plate 3. The threaded plate 31 is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 22. Two limiting plates 32 are fixedly installed on one side of the threaded plate 31. The threaded plate 31 and the limiting plates 32 work together to efficiently and stably convert the rotational motion of the threaded rod 22 into the linear motion of the movable plate 3. Both limiting plates 32 are slidably connected to the limiting rod 23. When the motor 21 drives the threaded rod 22 to rotate, the threaded plate 31 is constrained by the limiting plates 32 and cannot rotate with the threaded rod 22. The rotational motion of the threaded rod 22 is forcibly converted into the linear motion of the threaded plate 31 along the axial direction of the threaded rod 22. The threaded plate 31 is fixedly connected to the movable plate 3. Therefore, the linear motion of the threaded plate 31 directly drives the entire movable plate 3 and all the components installed on it to perform synchronous linear motion, thereby realizing the scanning and flaw detection of the large shaft.

[0043] A liquid storage tank 33 is fixedly installed on one side of the movable plate 3. The liquid storage tank 33 stores liquids used for marking, such as special flaw detection marking paint, fluorescent liquid, or washable temporary marking liquid. The two ends of the liquid storage tank 33 are connected to conduits 34. A one-way valve 35 is installed on one side of the conduit 34 to prevent the liquid in the liquid storage tank 33 from flowing out due to gravity or vibration. A liquid squeezing component 36 is installed at the bottom of the movable plate 3. One end of the conduit 34 is connected to the liquid squeezing component 36, and the fixed column 5 is drivenly connected to the liquid squeezing component 36. One end of the liquid squeezing component 36 is connected to several spray nozzles 37. When the electromagnetic coil 8 detects rust layer protrusions or weld beads, causing abnormal impedance fluctuations, the system controller judges it as a suspected surface defect and activates the heating plate 10 through the high-frequency power supply 9. Alloy 20 deforms under heat, causing the fixed column 5 and ultrasonic probe 6 to retract rapidly upwards to avoid obstacles. As the fixed column 5 moves upwards, it drives the squeezing component 36 to rapidly reduce the volume of its internal cavity. The marking liquid inside the cavity is squeezed, and the pressure increases. The high-pressure marking liquid is precisely sprayed onto the suspected defect location on the surface of the lower shaft in the form of a fine jet or mist through the spraying component 37, leaving a clear and visible mark. After the inspection is completed, the operator does not need to review all the data from beginning to end to find the suspected point. Only a second inspection along the physical marking point on the surface of the shaft is required, which greatly shortens the inspection time. Furthermore, the marking is completed at the same time as the inspection, without interrupting the inspection process, ensuring the continuity and high efficiency of the inspection.

[0044] The extrusion component 36 includes an arc-shaped shell 361 and two connecting plates 362 fixed to one side of the arc-shaped shell 361. Both connecting plates 362 are fixedly connected to the moving plate 3. An inclined plate 363 is installed on one side of each of the two connecting plates 362. A gear 364 is rotatably connected between the two inclined plates 363. Two convex plates 365 are fixedly installed on one side of the arc-shaped shell 361. A pressure plate 366 is slidably connected to one side of the arc-shaped shell 361, and the pressure plate 366 is slidably connected to the two convex plates 365. A first toothed plate 367 is fixedly installed on one side of the pressure plate 366, and the first toothed plate 367 is meshed with the gear 364. An arc-shaped piston plate 368 is slidably connected inside the arc-shaped shell 361, and the pressure plate 366 is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped piston plate 368. When the fixed column 5 retracts upward, it can drive the gear 364 to rotate. The rotation of the gear 364 drives the first toothed plate 367 meshing with it to move linearly. The first toothed plate 367 moves downward, which in turn moves the pressure plate 366 and the arc-shaped piston plate 368 downward. The sliding of the arc-shaped piston plate 368 drastically reduces the volume inside the arc-shaped shell 361, thereby generating huge pressure on the marking liquid inside the cavity. This pressure forces the liquid to be sprayed through the ejector 37 onto the suspected defect location on the surface of the large shaft. When the fixed column 5 is reset, the pressure plate 366 and the arc-shaped piston plate 368 return to their initial positions. When the arc-shaped piston plate 368 is reset, a negative pressure is formed inside the arc-shaped shell 361, which draws in new marking liquid from the storage tank 33 through the one-way valve 35, completing the liquid suction process.

[0045] The ejector component 37 includes a nozzle 371 and a limiting ring 372 fixed inside the nozzle 371. Four hinge seats 373 are fixedly installed on one side of the limiting ring 372. A sealing plate 374 is rotatably connected to one side of the hinge seat 373. Two rotating rods 375 are fixedly installed inside the sealing plate 374, and both rotating rods 375 are rotatably connected to the hinge seat 373. Torsion springs 376 are fixedly installed on the surface of each of the two rotating rods 375, and one end of the torsion spring 376 is fixedly connected to the inside of the hinge seat 373. In the absence of liquid pressure, the torsion springs 376 are in a pre-compressed state, applying a continuous torque to the rotating rods 375. This torque is transmitted to the sealing plate 374 through the rotating rods 375, causing the free ends of the four sealing plates 374 to fit tightly together, forming a complete seal. The nozzle 371's outlet channel is completely sealed. Liquid pressure acts on the inner side of the sealing plate 374. As the liquid pressure gradually increases and exceeds the preload of the torsion spring 376, it pushes the sealing plate 374 to rotate outward around the rotating rod 375. The four sealing plates 374 are spread open like petals, forming a circular spray channel between them. High-pressure liquid is sprayed out at high speed in the form of a concentrated jet through this open channel, accurately spraying the suspected defect area on the surface of the shaft to complete the marking. After one spray is completed, the liquid pressure is less than the preload of the torsion spring 376, and the elastic potential energy of the torsion spring 376 is immediately released, causing the rotating rod 375 and the sealing plate 374 to rotate in opposite directions. The four sealing plates 374 close tightly again, returning to the initial sealed state, waiting for the next spray command.

[0046] A limiting groove 41 is correspondingly provided on the inner wall of the fixed cylinder 4. By setting the limiting groove 41, the movement of the fixed column 5 can be limited. On the one hand, it prevents the fixed column 5 from leaving the inside of the fixed cylinder 4, and on the other hand, it ensures that the fixed column 5 can only move up and down.

[0047] The fixed column 5 has a second toothed plate 51 fixedly installed on both sides, and the second toothed plate 51 is meshed with the gear 364. The meshing of the second toothed plate 51 and the gear 364 is a rigid transmission with a constant transmission ratio. This means that the rotation angle of the gear 364 is exactly the same each time the fixed column 5 retracts the same distance, thus ensuring the high repeatability of the amount of liquid sprayed and the spraying time each time, making the size and shape of the marking point uniform. Two sliders 52 are fixedly installed on the surface of the fixed column 5. The sliders 52 are slidably connected to the limiting groove 41. Through the cooperation of the sliders 52 and the limiting groove 41, the fixed column 5 is prevented from detaching from the fixed cylinder 4, and the fixed column 5 can only move up and down.

[0048] The elastic element 30 includes two support rods 301 and two springs 302 fixed inside the fixed cylinder 4. The fixed column 5 is slidably connected to both support rods 301, and one end of each spring 302 is fixedly connected to the fixed column 5. When the fixed column 5 moves upward, it simultaneously compresses the two springs 302 fixed to it. The springs 302 convert mechanical energy into elastic potential energy through elastic deformation and store it. The fixed column 5 is slidably connected to the two support rods 301, which are vertically fixed inside the fixed cylinder 4, forming a double-rod guide structure. During the upward movement of the fixed column 5, the support rods 301 restrict its lateral displacement, preventing the fixed column 5 from tilting due to uneven driving force or vibration caused by the shape memory alloy 20. This ensures that the ultrasonic probe 6 retracts along a straight path and remains perpendicular to the large shaft surface. After the ultrasonic probe 6 passes over an obstacle, the springs 302 storing elastic potential energy begin to release energy, pushing the fixed column 5 downward along the support rods 301 until it returns to the initial detection position.

[0049] like Figure 9 As shown, the positioning seat 40 includes a base plate 401 and two support plates 402 fixed to the base plate 401. A bidirectional screw 403 is rotatably connected inside the base plate 401. A throttle 404 is fixedly installed at one end of the bidirectional screw 403. Two clamping plates 405 are threadedly connected to the surface of the bidirectional screw 403, and both clamping plates 405 are slidably connected to the base plate 401. The throttle 404 drives the bidirectional screw 403 to rotate inside the base plate 401. As the bidirectional screw 403 rotates, the two clamping plates 405 move relative to each other along the sliding track of the base plate 401 under the action of threaded transmission. This can clamp and fix both ends of the shaft, realizing precise centering and stable fixation of the shafts of turbines of different diameters.

[0050] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0051] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: The frame (1) is equipped with a drive unit (2), and a movable plate (3) is provided on the surface of the drive unit (2). A fixed cylinder (4) is fixedly installed inside the movable plate (3). A fixed column (5) is slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder (4). An ultrasonic probe (6) is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed column (5). A circular frame (7) is fixedly installed on the outside of the ultrasonic probe (6). An electromagnetic coil (8) is fixedly installed inside the circular frame (7). A high-frequency power supply (9) is fixedly installed inside the movable plate (3), and the high-frequency power supply (9) is electrically connected to the electromagnetic coil (8) through a wire. A heating plate (10) is fixedly installed inside the fixed cylinder (4), and the high-frequency power supply (9) is electrically connected to the heating plate (10) through a wire. A shape memory alloy (20) is fixedly installed on one side of the heating plate (10). One end of the alloy (20) is fixedly connected to the fixed column (5). Two elastic elements (30) are fixedly installed inside the fixed cylinder (4), and the fixed column (5) is connected to the two elastic elements (30). The frame (1) is fixedly installed with a positioning seat (40). The driving element (2) drives the moving plate (3) to move back and forth, thereby driving the ultrasonic probe (6) and the electromagnetic coil (8) to move back and forth. Different positions of the main shaft can be detected. When the impedance exceeds the threshold, it can be determined that there is an obstacle. The high-frequency power supply (9) outputs current to the heating plate (10), causing the heating plate (10) to heat up rapidly, thereby heating the memory alloy (20). The memory alloy (20) will deform and drive the fixed column (5) and the ultrasonic probe (6) to move upward rapidly, achieving the effect of retraction. A liquid storage tank (33) is fixedly installed on one side of the movable plate (3). The two ends of the liquid storage tank (33) are connected to the conduit (34). A one-way valve (35) is installed on one side of the conduit (34). A squeezing component (36) is installed at the bottom of the movable plate (3). One end of the conduit (34) is connected to the squeezing component (36), and the fixed column (5) is connected to the squeezing component (36) in a transmission connection. One end of the squeezing component (36) is connected to several spraying components (37). The extrusion component (36) includes an arc-shaped shell (361) and two connecting plates (362) fixed on one side of the arc-shaped shell (361). Both connecting plates (362) are fixedly connected to the moving plate (3). An inclined plate (363) is installed on one side of each of the two connecting plates (362). A gear (364) is rotatably connected between the two inclined plates (363). Two convex plates (365) are fixedly installed on one side of the arc-shaped shell (361). A pressure plate (366) is slidably connected on one side of the arc-shaped shell (361). The pressure plate (366) is slidably connected to the two convex plates (365). A first toothed plate (367) is fixedly installed on one side of the pressure plate (366). The first toothed plate (367) is meshed with the gear (364). An arc-shaped piston plate (368) is slidably connected inside the arc-shaped shell (361). The pressure plate (366) is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped piston plate (368). The inner wall of the fixed cylinder (4) is provided with a corresponding limiting groove (41); The fixed column (5) has a second toothed plate (51) fixedly installed on both sides, and the second toothed plate (51) is meshed with the gear (364). Two sliders (52) are fixedly installed on the surface of the fixed column (5), and the sliders (52) are slidably connected with the limiting groove (41).

2. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive component (2) includes a motor (21) and a threaded rod (22) rotatably connected inside the frame (1). The motor (21) is fixedly connected to the frame (1), and the threaded rod (22) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (21). A limit rod (23) is fixedly installed inside the frame (1).

3. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A threaded plate (31) is fixedly installed on one side of the movable plate (3). The threaded plate (31) is threadedly connected to the threaded rod (22). Two limiting plates (32) are fixedly installed on one side of the threaded plate (31), and both limiting plates (32) are slidably connected to the limiting rod (23).

4. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ejector (37) includes a nozzle (371) and a limiting ring (372) fixed inside the nozzle (371). Four hinge seats (373) are fixedly installed on one side of the limiting ring (372). A sealing plate (374) is rotatably connected to one side of the hinge seat (373). Two rotating rods (375) are fixedly installed inside the sealing plate (374), and both rotating rods (375) are rotatably connected to the hinge seat (373). Torsion springs (376) are fixedly installed on the surface of both rotating rods (375), and one end of the torsion spring (376) is fixedly connected to the inside of the hinge seat (373).

5. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element (30) includes two support rods (301) and two springs (302) fixed inside the fixed cylinder (4). The fixed column (5) is slidably connected to the two support rods (301), and one end of each of the two springs (302) is fixedly connected to the fixed column (5).

6. The ultrasonic automatic flaw detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning seat (40) includes a base plate (401) and two support plates (402) fixed on the base plate (401). A bidirectional screw (403) is rotatably connected inside the base plate (401). A throttle (404) is fixedly installed at one end of the bidirectional screw (403). Two clamping plates (405) are threadedly connected to the surface of the bidirectional screw (403), and both clamping plates (405) are slidably connected to the base plate (401).

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