Lens thermal deformation simulation method and related equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a lens thermal deformation simulation method and related equipment, and relates to the technical field of thermal deformation simulation, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a lens simulation model of a target lens; applying a first displacement constraint on a preset symmetric section of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of a section node of the preset symmetric section to be zero in the normal direction of the corresponding preset symmetric section; applying a second displacement constraint on a preset boundary plane of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of a plane node of the preset boundary plane in the normal direction of the corresponding preset boundary plane to be zero; and based on the applied first displacement constraint and second displacement constraint, performing thermal deformation simulation on the lens simulation model to obtain a thermal deformation simulation result. According to the method, reasonable normal displacement constraints are applied to the symmetric section and the boundary plane of the lens simulation model, so that the degree of freedom of the model is effectively controlled, distortion and drift can be avoided, the simulation convergence and accuracy are improved, and thermal deformation simulation more conforming to actual working conditions is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of thermal deformation simulation technology, and more specifically, to a lens thermal deformation simulation method and related equipment. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of electronic information technology and optical manufacturing processes, camera modules are increasingly widely used in consumer electronics, smart cars, security monitoring, and other fields. As the core component of the module, the lens's structural stability and imaging accuracy have a crucial impact on the overall performance. Under complex conditions such as high-temperature welding, adhesive curing, and environmental temperature changes, lens components inevitably undergo thermal expansion and contraction, leading to microscopic deformation and changes in stress distribution. If these thermal deformations are not effectively controlled, they may cause quality problems such as blurred images and optical axis misalignment. Therefore, conducting high-precision thermal deformation simulation analysis during the lens design and reliability assessment stages is a key step in ensuring product performance.

[0003] In related technologies, lens thermal deformation simulation often employs finite element analysis to predict its response under thermal loads. However, to ensure the stability and convergence of the simulation calculation process, boundary constraints are usually applied to the model. Existing methods often employ two extreme approaches to these boundary constraints: "completely fixed" or "free state." The former easily leads to the thermal strain not expanding naturally, causing the simulation results to deviate from actual working conditions; the latter may cause the model to drift or rotate due to a lack of necessary constraints, resulting in severe distortion or even failure to converge. Especially when performing thermal stress analysis on symmetrical lens structures, existing methods struggle to restore their true free deformation state while ensuring computational stability. In other words, existing technologies generally suffer from the technical problem of easily distorted simulation results and difficulty in balancing realistic working conditions with solution stability in thermal deformation simulation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The summary section of this application introduces a series of simplified concepts, which will be further explained in detail in the detailed description section. The summary section of this application is not intended to limit the key features and essential technical features of the claimed technical solution, nor is it intended to determine the scope of protection of the claimed technical solution.

[0005] The lens thermal deformation simulation method and related equipment provided in this application can effectively control the model's degrees of freedom by applying reasonable normal displacement constraints to the symmetrical cross-section and boundary plane of the lens simulation model, thereby avoiding distortion and drift, improving simulation convergence and accuracy, and achieving thermal deformation simulation that is more in line with actual working conditions.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a lens thermal deformation simulation method, comprising: acquiring a lens simulation model of a target lens; applying a first displacement constraint to a preset symmetric section of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the section nodes of the preset symmetric section in the normal direction of the corresponding preset symmetric section to be zero; applying a second displacement constraint to a preset boundary plane of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the plane nodes of the preset boundary plane in the normal direction of the corresponding preset boundary plane to be zero; and performing thermal deformation simulation on the lens simulation model based on the applied first displacement constraint and second displacement constraint to obtain thermal deformation simulation results.

[0007] In some embodiments, before applying a first displacement constraint to a preset symmetric section of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the section nodes of the preset symmetric section in the normal direction of the corresponding preset symmetric section to zero, the lens thermal deformation simulation method further includes: establishing a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system for the lens simulation model, wherein the Z-axis of the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is parallel to the optical axis of the lens simulation model; obtaining a first section parallel to the YOZ plane of the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system and symmetrically dividing the lens simulation model; obtaining a second section parallel to the XOZ plane of the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system and symmetrically dividing the lens simulation model; and determining the first section and the second section as the preset symmetric section.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first displacement constraint includes a first normal displacement constraint and a second normal displacement constraint, and the profile node includes a first node and a second node; applying the first displacement constraint to the preset symmetric profile of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the profile node of the preset symmetric profile in the normal direction of the corresponding preset symmetric profile to be zero includes: applying the first normal displacement constraint to the first node on the first profile so that the displacement of the first node in the X direction of the lens three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is zero; applying the second normal displacement constraint to the second node on the second profile so that the displacement of the second node in the Y direction of the lens three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is zero, wherein both the first normal displacement constraint and the second normal displacement constraint retain tangential displacement degrees of freedom.

[0009] In some embodiments, the preset boundary plane is the object-oriented plane or the image-side plane of the lens simulation model.

[0010] In some implementations, the step of obtaining the profile node includes: identifying nodes on the preset symmetrical profile that meet a preset mesh density threshold as the profile node.

[0011] In some implementations, the step of obtaining the planar node includes: identifying the node on the preset boundary plane that is at a preset distance from the lens center axis as the planar node.

[0012] In some embodiments, the lens thermal deformation simulation method further includes: extracting a preset point displacement dataset of the lens simulation model; and generating a thermal deformation safety assessment result for the target lens based on the preset point displacement dataset and a preset displacement threshold.

[0013] Secondly, this application also provides a lens thermal deformation simulation device, comprising: a model acquisition unit for acquiring a lens simulation model of a target lens; a first displacement constraint unit for applying a first displacement constraint to a preset symmetry section of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the section nodes of the preset symmetry section in the normal direction of the corresponding preset symmetry section to be zero; a second displacement constraint unit for applying a second displacement constraint to a preset boundary plane of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the plane nodes of the preset boundary plane in the normal direction of the corresponding preset boundary plane to be zero; and a model simulation unit for performing thermal deformation simulation on the lens simulation model based on the applied first displacement constraint and second displacement constraint to obtain thermal deformation simulation results.

[0014] Thirdly, this application also provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute a computer program stored in the memory to implement the steps of the lens thermal distortion simulation method described in the first aspect.

[0015] Fourthly, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the lens thermal deformation simulation method described in the first aspect.

[0016] Fifthly, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program or computer executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the lens thermal deformation simulation method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0017] In summary, this application effectively restricts the model's movement in the vertical direction of the symmetry plane by applying normal displacement constraints to the symmetry section of the lens simulation model, preventing overall drift or rotation problems caused by a lack of constraints. This constraint method does not interfere with the lens's thermal expansion and contraction behavior within the symmetry plane, thus ensuring the model's symmetry and realistic deformation characteristics during simulation. Furthermore, applying vertical displacement constraints to the model's boundary planes (such as the bottom of the lens) simulates the state in actual working conditions where the lens is supported by a platform and cannot move freely in the vertical direction. This not only enhances the rationality of the simulation's boundary conditions but also effectively prevents the model from floating or sinking under thermal loads, ensuring physical stability during simulation. Through the reasonable displacement constraints in the above two directions, the degrees of freedom of the entire model in three-dimensional space are properly controlled, neither affecting its natural thermal deformation nor significantly improving the convergence and stability of the simulation calculation. Compared with traditional "completely fixed" or "unconstrained" simulation methods, this approach is more physically realistic and solves the common problem of result distortion in existing simulations. In summary, the lens thermal deformation simulation method provided in this application effectively controls the model's degrees of freedom by applying reasonable normal displacement constraints to the symmetrical cross-section and boundary plane of the lens simulation model. This avoids distortion and drift, improves simulation convergence and accuracy, and achieves thermal deformation simulation that better reflects actual working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit this specification. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic flowchart illustrating a lens thermal deformation simulation method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a preset symmetrical cross-section provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a first cross-section, a second cross-section, and cross-section nodes provided for embodiments of this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a surveying direction plane and plane nodes provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an image measurement direction plane and plane nodes provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of a lens thermal deformation simulation device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The terms used in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application, such as "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if any), are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. Therefore, it is to be understood that these terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate, allowing the described embodiments to be used in different orders, unless specifically required by the illustrations or description. Furthermore, the terms "is" and "has," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover, non-exclusively, all possible constituent elements. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising several steps or units is not necessarily limited to the steps or units explicitly listed, but may also include other steps or units not explicitly listed, or steps or units inherent to the process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0020] In this application, a "module" or "unit" refers to a computer program or part of a computer program that has a specific function and works in conjunction with other related parts to achieve a predetermined goal. These modules or units can be implemented by software, hardware (e.g., processing circuitry or memory), or a combination of both. One or more processors or memories can implement one or more modules or units. Furthermore, each module or unit can also be part of a larger module or unit.

[0021] The technical solutions of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of this application, and not all embodiments. In the following description, the "some embodiments" mentioned are only a subset of all possible embodiments, which may be the same or different subsets, and different embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a lens thermal deformation simulation method provided in an embodiment of this application. For example, see [link to example]. Figure 1 The lens thermal deformation simulation method provided in this application embodiment may include the following steps 101 to 104: Step 101: Obtain the lens simulation model of the target lens; In some examples, the target lens is the specific optical lens component that requires thermal deformation simulation, and may be a key component in a camera module. The target lens structure may include multi-layered lenses, lens barrels, brackets, adhesives, OIS structural components, etc., with complex material combinations and sensitivity to temperature changes. The selection of the target lens depends on actual needs, such as the product model to be verified, thermal reliability requirements, and processing deformation analysis requirements. For example, a "64-megapixel lens" in a mobile phone camera module or a "forward-looking main lens" in an Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) can be a target lens. The lens simulation model refers to a three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model established based on the actual structure, material properties, and boundary conditions of the target lens, used for thermodynamic behavior simulation. This lens simulation model may include three-dimensional geometry (derived from CAD modeling), material parameters (such as coefficient of thermal expansion, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio), mesh generation information, preset loads, and boundary condition interfaces.

[0023] For example, in practice, engineers can first obtain the 3D CAD model of the target lens from the structural design department, and assign corresponding properties in the simulation software according to the thermal properties of different materials (such as glass, plastic, and metal). Subsequently, finite element analysis tools are used to clean up the geometry and mesh the model, and generate a lens simulation model with the ability to define boundary conditions. For high-precision scenarios, the contact behavior model between the lens and the adhesive can also be introduced during the lens simulation model building process to further approximate the real thermal deformation process.

[0024] By implementing step 101, basic geometric structure and material property information can be provided for subsequent thermal deformation analysis; by obtaining an accurate three-dimensional simulation model of the lens, sufficient structural detail and physical realism can be ensured in the simulation process, thereby improving the accuracy and engineering applicability of the simulation results.

[0025] Step 102: Apply a first displacement constraint to the preset symmetric section of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the section node of the preset symmetric section in the normal direction of the corresponding preset symmetric section to be zero. In some examples, a pre-defined symmetrical section refers to a cutting plane with geometric or structural symmetry in the structure of the lens simulation model. This plane can be set in the early stages of modeling and used as a reference plane for applying constraints. The pre-defined symmetrical section can be determined by the symmetrical structure of the lens, such as the symmetrical plane of the lens barrel centerline or the symmetrical plane of the lens arrangement. In the lens simulation model, it is represented by a longitudinal or transverse section passing through the central axis of the structure, possessing spatial geometric symmetry. The first displacement constraint applies zero-displacement boundary conditions to all (or some) section nodes on the pre-defined symmetrical section in the normal direction of the corresponding pre-defined symmetrical section. The effect of the first displacement constraint is to prevent the section nodes from moving in that normal direction. This is a finite constraint, preserving free deformation behavior in other directions within the section (cut plane).

[0026] For example, in actual operation, a preset symmetrical section can first be selected based on the geometric center of the lens structure; then, all or part of the mesh nodes on the section can be selected in the simulation software, and zero displacement boundary conditions can be set in its normal direction to avoid the overall drift or non-physical displacement of the section nodes of the lens simulation model in this direction; at the same time, the free deformation of the section nodes in other directions of the section is retained to ensure that the natural response process of thermal expansion and contraction can be realistically simulated.

[0027] By implementing step 102, a unidirectional displacement constraint is applied to the symmetrical profile, which restricts the non-physical displacement of the model in the normal direction of the profile. This can effectively prevent the model from exhibiting unstable phenomena such as overall rotation and drift during the simulation process. At the same time, the first displacement constraint only acts in the normal direction and does not affect the natural thermal expansion and contraction behavior within the symmetrical profile, thus maintaining the true physical state of the model's deformation.

[0028] Step 103: Apply a second displacement constraint to the preset boundary plane of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the planar nodes of the preset boundary plane in the normal direction of the corresponding preset boundary plane to be zero. In some examples, the preset boundary plane is the structural surface in the lens simulation model that contacts or supports the external environment under actual working conditions. It is used in the simulation to model physical boundary conditions. The preset boundary plane can be the bottom surface, contact surface, or fixed surface of the model, restricting the movement of the lens in a certain direction during actual use. As a reference area for applying boundary constraints, the preset boundary plane ensures that the simulation closely approximates the actual stress state. For example, in a thermal reliability test, if the bottom of the lens is in close contact with the experimental platform, then the bottom surface can be the preset boundary plane. The second displacement constraint applies a zero-displacement boundary condition in the normal direction of the corresponding preset boundary plane to the nodes on the preset boundary plane, simulating the restrictive effect of actual support or contact. The second displacement constraint prevents the planar nodes in the lens simulation model from overall floating, settling, or becoming unstable in the normal direction of the corresponding preset boundary plane, consistent with actual working conditions, and does not affect natural deformation in other directions.

[0029] For example, based on the installation method of the product in testing or application, the contact surface between the model and the external support structure, such as the contact surface between the lens module and the test platform, can be identified, and this surface can be selected as the preset boundary plane. Then, in the simulation platform, zero displacement constraints can be applied to the nodes of the lens simulation model in this area in its normal direction.

[0030] By implementing step 103, the boundary support of the lens in actual working conditions, such as when it is placed on an experimental platform, is simulated. By constraining the normal displacement of its bottom or boundary surface, the model as a whole is prevented from floating or sinking freely in that direction, thereby enhancing the rationality of the boundary conditions of the simulation and improving the physical stability and numerical convergence of the calculation process.

[0031] Step 104: Based on the applied first displacement constraint and second displacement constraint, perform thermal deformation simulation on the lens simulation model to obtain the thermal deformation simulation results; In some examples, thermal deformation simulation refers to simulating the stress, strain, and displacement changes of a lens structure under temperature loads (such as heating or cooling) using a lens simulation model within a finite element simulation platform. Thermal deformation simulation is used to predict the deformation behavior of a lens due to thermal expansion or contraction. The results of thermal deformation simulation are the numerical values ​​and distribution maps of key parameters output after the simulation is completed. These mainly include heat-induced nodal displacements (deformation), thermal stress and strain distribution, optical axis offset, and structural cracking risk areas.

[0032] For example, after setting the first and second displacement constraints for the lens simulation model, the required temperature load can be applied in the simulation software, such as from room temperature to high temperature reflow soldering conditions, and the thermal-structural coupling analysis module can be run to calculate the thermal deformation response of the lens simulation model in three-dimensional space based on the thermal properties of the material and the geometric connection. After the simulation is completed, key results such as the overall or local deformation of the lens and the area of ​​thermal stress concentration can be exported to verify the structural stability and imaging reliability of the lens in the thermal environment.

[0033] By implementing step 104, the model's degrees of freedom are reasonably limited under the control of the first two types of constraints. The thermal deformation behavior can unfold naturally under the premise of meeting the actual boundary conditions, avoiding simulation distortion or result deviation caused by improper constraints. This ensures that the simulation process is stable and the results are reliable, and can truly reflect the deformation law of the lens under thermal load, providing an accurate basis for design optimization and reliability verification.

[0034] In summary, this embodiment of the application, by applying normal displacement constraints to the symmetrical cross-section of the lens simulation model, effectively restricts the model's movement in the vertical direction of the symmetrical plane, preventing overall drift or rotation problems caused by a lack of constraints. This constraint method does not interfere with the lens's thermal expansion and contraction behavior within the symmetrical plane, thus ensuring the model's symmetry and realistic deformation characteristics during the simulation. Furthermore, applying vertical displacement constraints to the model's boundary planes (such as the bottom of the lens) simulates the state in actual working conditions where the lens is supported by a platform and cannot move freely in the vertical direction. This not only enhances the rationality of the simulation's boundary conditions but also effectively prevents the model from floating or sinking under thermal loads, ensuring physical stability during the simulation. Through the reasonable displacement constraints in the above two directions, the degrees of freedom of the entire model in three-dimensional space are properly controlled, neither affecting its natural thermal deformation nor significantly improving the convergence and stability of the simulation calculation. Compared with traditional "completely fixed" or "unconstrained" simulation methods, this approach is more physically realistic and solves the common problem of result distortion in existing simulations. In summary, the lens thermal deformation simulation method provided in this application effectively controls the model's degrees of freedom by applying reasonable normal displacement constraints to the symmetrical cross-section and boundary plane of the lens simulation model. This avoids distortion and drift, improves simulation convergence and accuracy, and achieves thermal deformation simulation that is more in line with actual working conditions.

[0035] In some embodiments, prior to step 102, the lens thermal deformation simulation method may further include: establishing a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system for the lens simulation model, wherein the Z-axis of the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is parallel to the optical axis direction of the lens simulation model; obtaining a first cross-section that is parallel to the YOZ plane of the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system and symmetrically divides the lens simulation model; obtaining a second cross-section that is parallel to the XOZ plane of the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system and symmetrically divides the lens simulation model; and determining the first cross-section and the second cross-section as preset symmetrical cross-sections.

[0036] In some examples, the lens's three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is a spatial coordinate reference system tailored for the lens simulation model. It can consist of three mutually perpendicular coordinate axes: X, Y, and Z. The lens's three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system provides a unified geometric basis for subsequent operations such as constraint setting, profile extraction, and displacement direction definition. In the lens field, this coordinate system can be established primarily with the lens's central axis or structural symmetry axis as the main reference. For example, in CAD modeling or finite element modeling platforms such as SolidWorks, ANSYS, and Abaqus, the lens's optical principal axis is selected as the Z-axis, and the X and Y axes are automatically generated based on its bottom plane or mounting base, thus constructing a right-handed Cartesian coordinate system. The lens optical axis direction refers to the direction of the central straight line formed by the coaxial arrangement of all lenses in the optical system. It is usually also the axis direction of the lens's imaging path. In three-dimensional simulation, the lens optical axis direction is used to determine the principal direction of the lens simulation model and the principal axis for thermal deformation analysis. The YOZ plane is a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to the X-axis, formed by the Y and Z axes in the lens's three-dimensional coordinate system. A cross-section of the lens simulation model that is parallel to and symmetrically divided by this YOZ plane is defined as the first cross-section. This first cross-section reflects the structural characteristics of the lens simulation model in the YOZ plane direction and is one of the bases for applying the first displacement constraint. The XOZ plane is a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to the Y-axis, formed by the X and Z axes. A cross-section of the lens simulation model that is parallel to and symmetrically divided by this XOZ plane is defined as the second cross-section. This second cross-section reflects the geometric characteristics in the XOZ plane direction. The first and second cross-sections are usually orthogonal to each other, jointly defining the bidirectional symmetry of the lens simulation model. Similar to the first cross-section, the second cross-section can be formed by trimming the lens simulation model with reference to the XOZ plane during simulation processing to define the first displacement constraint. When both the first and second cross sections cut through the lens model, and the lens simulation model is symmetrical about the first and second cross sections respectively, the first and second cross sections can be defined as preset symmetrical cross sections. The first and second cross sections are used to apply normal displacement constraints in the X and Y directions to ensure that the lens simulation model maintains structural symmetry during the simulation process and avoids non-physical motion from interfering with the simulation results.

[0037] For example, before establishing a lens thermal deformation simulation model, technicians first analyze the lens geometry, determine its optical axis direction as the Z-axis, and then construct a three-dimensional coordinate system of X, Y, and Z in the finite element software. Subsequently, using CAD cutting tools, the lens simulation model is symmetrically cut with planes parallel to the YOZ and XOZ planes, respectively, to extract two cross-sections that pass through the lens simulation model and symmetrically divide it. These two cross-sections are marked as preset symmetry planes and input into the simulation constraint definition module, providing an accurate basis for applying the first displacement constraint limit in the subsequent process, thereby ensuring that the thermal deformation behavior of the lens simulation model maintains true symmetry characteristics in the left-right and front-back directions.

[0038] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 The diagram shows a pre-defined symmetrical cross-section of the lens simulation model, parallel to the XOZ plane of the lens's three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, and symmetrically dividing the lens simulation model. (See also...) Figure 3 , Figure 3 The image shows the first and second sections that symmetrically divide the lens simulation model in the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system of the lens, as well as the section nodes on the first and second sections.

[0039] Through the implementation of the above embodiments, a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system with the lens optical axis as a reference is constructed, and symmetrical cross-sections are extracted based on the XOZ and YOZ planes. This makes the definition process of symmetrical planes more standardized and reusable, reduces human error, and improves modeling efficiency and consistency. In the symmetrical structure of the lens thermal simulation (such as the coaxial lens barrel), automatically determining the cross-sections in the X and Y directions can more accurately set subsequent constraints, which helps to form an automated simulation process.

[0040] In some embodiments, the aforementioned first displacement constraint may include a first normal displacement constraint and a second normal displacement constraint, and the aforementioned profile node may include a first node and a second node; the aforementioned step 102 may include: applying a first normal displacement constraint to the first node on the first profile so that the displacement of the first node in the X direction of the lens three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is zero; applying a second normal displacement constraint to the second node on the second profile so that the displacement of the second node in the Y direction of the lens three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is zero, wherein both the first normal displacement constraint and the second normal displacement constraint retain tangential displacement degrees of freedom.

[0041] In some examples, the first node refers to the mesh node located on the first section of the lens simulation model. Before thermal simulation, all nodes on the first section can be selected as the first node using the geometric filtering function. The first normal displacement constraint applies a zero displacement restriction to the first node in the X-axis direction, prohibiting movement of the node in the X-direction. This constraint fixes the normal direction of the lens simulation model on the first section. In implementation, X-direction displacement constraints can be applied to all first nodes in the finite element software without restricting their degrees of freedom in the Y and Z directions. The zero displacement of the first node in the X-direction of the lens's three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is the specific effect of the first normal displacement constraint. The second node refers to the simulation mesh node located on the second section. Similar to the first node, all nodes on the second section can be selected as the second node using the geometric filtering function before thermal simulation. The second normal displacement constraint applies a zero displacement restriction to the second node in the Y-direction, ensuring the degrees of freedom of the second node in the lens simulation model in the X and Z directions and suppressing Y-direction drift. The zero displacement of the second node in the Y-direction of the lens's three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is the specific effect of the second normal displacement constraint. Both the first and second normal displacement constraints retain the tangential displacement degree of freedom, meaning that while applying normal displacement constraints, the displacement of the node in the tangential plane (i.e., the tangential direction) of the section is not restricted; that is, the first node can still move freely in the Y and Z directions, and the second node can still move freely in the X and Z directions, allowing thermal expansion and contraction to occur freely in the tangential direction, thus more realistically simulating thermal deformation behavior.

[0042] By implementing the above embodiments, the first displacement constraint is refined into two normal displacement controls in the X and Y directions, and constraints are applied to the two cross-sections respectively. This enables precise control of the rigid drift of the lens model in the two directions in the horizontal plane, while still retaining the natural degree of freedom in the tangential direction. This step-by-step constraint method maintains the stability of the simulation model and does not affect the real response of the lens material under thermal expansion and contraction. It is a key mechanism for achieving the physical realism of the simulation and the controllability of the solution.

[0043] In some embodiments, the preset boundary plane is the object-oriented plane or the image-side plane of the lens simulation model.

[0044] In some examples, the object-side plane, also known as the object-oriented plane, refers to the plane in the lens simulation model closer to the lens input end, i.e., the side facing the object being photographed. In the lens's optical system, this plane can be located at the front of the lens barrel and is the incident interface for receiving external light, representing the negative direction of the optical axis. The image-side plane, also known as the image-side plane, refers to the boundary plane in the lens simulation model closer to the image sensor, i.e., the lens output end. In thermal distortion simulation, the image-side plane can be used to simulate the effect of the lens's assembly connection on the image receiving surface.

[0045] See Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 The diagram schematically illustrates the object orientation plane and its location in the lens simulation model. This object orientation plane is located in the front area of ​​the lens simulation model. Several typical planar nodes distributed on this plane are also marked in the figure, which are used for subsequent constraint setting or deformation sampling operations. Figure 5 The image-side plane of the lens simulation model is shown. This plane is close to the image sensor mounting position and is the key structural boundary of the lens optical path output end. Similarly, the figure shows the positions of multiple planar nodes selected according to a preset distance rule on this plane, which can be used for thermal deformation simulation analysis of the lens output end face and its impact on the imaging surface assessment.

[0046] By implementing the above embodiments, setting boundary constraints on the object-side or image-side plane of the lens can realistically reflect the contact support state of the lens under actual assembly or testing conditions. For example, in thermal reliability experiments, the lens typically contacts the test platform with its object-side end or the module housing with its image-side end. Selecting these real support surfaces as preset boundary surfaces can enhance the matching degree of the simulated boundary conditions and improve the engineering reference value of the thermal deformation results.

[0047] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the aforementioned profile nodes may include: determining the nodes on the preset symmetrical profile that meet the preset mesh density threshold as profile nodes.

[0048] In some examples, the preset mesh density threshold refers to a standard value set in advance in the lens simulation model to screen the mesh node density in order to ensure the stability and accuracy of constraint application. The preset mesh density threshold can be defined as the minimum number of mesh nodes required per unit area. Only areas that meet this density condition are considered sufficiently refined and suitable for applying precise constraints. For example, at least 10 nodes per square millimeter are required.

[0049] By implementing the above embodiments, displacement constraints are applied to only nodes that meet the mesh density threshold on the preset symmetric cross-section, which can balance simulation accuracy and computational efficiency. It can avoid redundant constraints on sparse or invalid nodes, reduce the waste of computational resources, and prevent structural rigidity caused by excessive constraints, thus better maintaining the continuity and realism of the model's thermal response.

[0050] In some embodiments, the aforementioned step of obtaining planar nodes may include: determining nodes on a preset boundary plane that are at a preset distance from the lens central axis as planar nodes.

[0051] In some examples, the lens central axis refers to the optical principal axis of the lens simulation model, also known as the optical axis. It can serve as the reference axis for the lens structure's geometry and symmetry, determining the centerline along which the lens elements, aperture, and structural components are arranged along the axial direction. In the lens simulation model, the lens central axis can be parallel to the Z-axis of the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The preset distance refers to one or more specific radii radiating outward from the lens central axis, used to select nodes within a specific region as boundary plane constraint objects, i.e., planar nodes. The preset distance can be set to a single value (e.g., 1.0 mm), a segmented range (e.g., 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm), or multiple discrete values ​​(e.g., 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm) according to simulation requirements. Nodes on the preset boundary plane at a preset distance from the lens central axis refer to a group of finite element nodes distributed on the preset boundary plane whose radial positions meet the preset distance requirements. These nodes represent structural points near the lens edge or critical contact areas and can be used as constrained nodes.

[0052] For example, in lens thermal deformation simulation, in order to avoid free drift or boundary instability of the overall structure, it is usually necessary to apply axial constraints to the edge of the structure. By setting multiple preset radii (such as 1.0mm, 2.0mm, 3.0mm), nodes close to the outer ring of the lens can be selected from the image side or the object end plane to form the boundary constraint area. This selection mechanism can improve the physical rationality of simulation constraints for lens simulation models.

[0053] By implementing the above embodiments, introducing a "preset distance from the lens center axis" as a screening criterion in the selection of planar nodes helps to apply focusing constraints to the effective support area rather than the edge where there is no actual contact. For example, applying Z-direction constraints to the middle area of ​​the bottom surface of the lens can more accurately simulate the actual placement state, avoid unnecessary rigid fixation, and further improve the accuracy of simulation boundary settings and the reliability of results.

[0054] In some embodiments, the aforementioned lens thermal deformation simulation method may further include: extracting a preset point displacement dataset from the lens simulation model; and generating a thermal deformation safety assessment result for the target lens based on the preset point displacement dataset and a preset displacement threshold.

[0055] In some examples, the preset point displacement dataset is a set of key structural points selected from the lens simulation model. After thermal deformation simulation, the dataset contains the displacement values ​​of each point. The preset point displacement dataset can include characteristic nodes in the lens simulation model that affect image quality, such as optical element edge points, structural joint surfaces, central axis points, or assembly interfaces. Its selection can be based on predefined rules, such as marking and extraction based on optical design drawings or engineering structure layout manuals. The preset displacement threshold refers to the maximum allowable displacement tolerance of each key node or region under thermal conditions, pre-set for safety assessment purposes. The preset displacement threshold can be calculated based on factors such as the material's thermal expansion coefficient, lens structural rigidity, assembly tolerance requirements, and image quality tolerance, using empirical data, experimental results, or design standards. For example, for a high-precision lens, the maximum allowable displacement of its image plane nodes might be set to 2 μm, while the allowable displacement of support structure nodes might be 10 μm. The actual thermal deformation displacement value of each preset point in the preset point displacement dataset extracted during the simulation process can be compared with its corresponding preset displacement threshold. If the displacement of all preset points does not exceed the corresponding preset displacement threshold, it can be determined that the lens thermal deformation is within the safe range. Otherwise, if there are points that exceed the limit, they are marked as potential risk areas, and the risk level or alarm message is output to assist in design optimization or structural correction.

[0056] By implementing the above embodiments, key point displacement data is extracted after thermal deformation simulation, and thermal deformation safety assessment results are generated based on threshold judgment. This helps to transform simulation results into quantifiable engineering judgment criteria. It can not only guide design selection, but also enable rapid screening of different lens models or material combinations, improve the automation and intelligence level of product thermal reliability assessment, and meet the needs of batch lens assessment.

[0057] Furthermore, as an implementation of the aforementioned method embodiments, this application also provides a lens thermal distortion simulation device for implementing the aforementioned method embodiments. This device embodiment corresponds to the aforementioned method embodiments. For ease of reading, this lens thermal distortion simulation device embodiment will not repeat the details of the aforementioned method embodiments one by one, but it should be understood that the device in this application embodiment can correspondingly implement all the contents of the aforementioned method embodiments. For example... Figure 6As shown, the lens thermal deformation simulation device 20 includes: a model acquisition unit 201, a first displacement constraint unit 202, a second displacement constraint unit 203, and a model simulation unit 204. The model acquisition unit 201 is used to acquire a lens simulation model of the target lens. The first displacement constraint unit 202 is used to apply a first displacement constraint to a preset symmetric section of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the section nodes of the preset symmetric section in the normal direction of the corresponding preset symmetric section to be zero. The second displacement constraint unit 203 is used to apply a second displacement constraint to a preset boundary plane of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the plane nodes of the preset boundary plane in the normal direction of the corresponding preset boundary plane to be zero. The model simulation unit 204 is used to perform thermal deformation simulation on the lens simulation model based on the applied first and second displacement constraints to obtain the thermal deformation simulation results.

[0058] In some embodiments, the lens thermal deformation simulation device 20 further includes a coordinate system establishment unit for establishing a three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system for the lens simulation model, wherein the Z-axis of the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is parallel to the optical axis direction of the lens simulation model; obtaining a first cross-section that is parallel to the YOZ plane of the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system and symmetrically divides the lens simulation model; obtaining a second cross-section that is parallel to the XOZ plane of the three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system and symmetrically divides the lens simulation model; and determining the first cross-section and the second cross-section as preset symmetrical cross-sections.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first displacement constraint includes a first normal displacement constraint and a second normal displacement constraint, and the profile node includes a first node and a second node; the first displacement constraint unit 202 is further configured to apply a first normal displacement constraint to the first node on the first profile so that the displacement of the first node in the X direction of the lens three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is zero; and to apply a second normal displacement constraint to the second node on the second profile so that the displacement of the second node in the Y direction of the lens three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is zero, wherein both the first normal displacement constraint and the second normal displacement constraint retain the tangential displacement degree of freedom.

[0060] In some embodiments, the preset boundary plane is the object-oriented plane or the image-side plane of the lens simulation model.

[0061] In some embodiments, the first displacement constraint unit 202 is further configured to determine nodes on a preset symmetrical profile that meet a preset mesh density threshold as profile nodes.

[0062] In some embodiments, the second displacement constraint unit 203 is further configured to determine nodes on the preset boundary plane that are at a preset distance from the lens central axis as planar nodes.

[0063] In some embodiments, the lens thermal deformation simulation device 20 further includes a result evaluation unit for extracting a preset point displacement dataset of the lens simulation model; and generating a thermal deformation safety evaluation result for the target lens based on the preset point displacement dataset and a preset displacement threshold.

[0064] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions or computer programs, which, when executed by a processor, will cause the processor to perform any step of the lens thermal deformation simulation method provided in this application.

[0065] In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium may be a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, a magnetic surface memory, an optical disc, or a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM); or it may be a variety of devices that include one or any combination of the above-mentioned memories.

[0066] In some embodiments, computer-executable instructions may take the form of programs, software, software modules, scripts, or code, written in any form of programming language (including compiled or interpreted languages, or declarative or procedural languages), and may be deployed in any form, including as stand-alone programs or as modules, components, subroutines, or other units suitable for use in a computing environment.

[0067] In some embodiments, computer-executable instructions may, but do not necessarily, correspond to files in a file system, and may be stored as part of a file that holds other programs or data, for example, in one or more scripts in a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) document, in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple co-located files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, subroutines, or code sections).

[0068] In some embodiments, computer-executable instructions may be deployed to execute on an electronic device, or on multiple electronic devices located at one location, or on multiple electronic devices distributed across multiple locations and interconnected via a communication network.

[0069] like Figure 7As shown, this application also provides an electronic device 30, including a memory 310, a processor 320, and a computer program 311 stored in the memory 310 and executable on the processor. When the processor 320 executes the computer program 311, it implements any step of the above-mentioned lens thermal deformation simulation method.

[0070] This application also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program or computer-executable instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of an electronic device reads the computer program or computer-executable instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer program or computer-executable instructions, causing the electronic device to perform any step of the lens thermal distortion simulation method described above.

[0071] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method for simulating lens thermal distortion, characterized in that, include: Obtain a lens simulation model of the target lens; A first displacement constraint is applied to a preset symmetrical section of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the section nodes of the preset symmetrical section in the normal direction of the corresponding preset symmetrical section to be zero. A second displacement constraint is applied to the preset boundary plane of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the planar nodes of the preset boundary plane in the normal direction of the corresponding preset boundary plane to be zero. Based on the applied first displacement constraint and second displacement constraint, thermal deformation simulation is performed on the lens simulation model to obtain thermal deformation simulation results.

2. The lens thermal deformation simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before applying a first displacement constraint to a preset symmetrical section of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the section nodes of the preset symmetrical section in the normal direction of the corresponding preset symmetrical section to zero, the lens thermal deformation simulation method further includes: Establish a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system for the lens simulation model, wherein the Z-axis of the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is parallel to the optical axis of the lens simulation model; Obtain a first cross-section that is parallel to the YOZ plane of the lens's three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system and symmetrically divides the lens simulation model; Obtain a second cross-section that is parallel to the XOZ plane of the lens's three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system and symmetrically divides the lens simulation model; The first section and the second section are defined as the preset symmetrical section.

3. The lens thermal deformation simulation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first displacement constraint includes a first normal displacement constraint and a second normal displacement constraint, and the profile node includes a first node and a second node; applying the first displacement constraint to the preset symmetry profile of the lens simulation model to control the displacement of the profile node of the preset symmetry profile in the normal direction of the corresponding preset symmetry profile to be zero includes: For the first node on the first cross section, the first normal displacement constraint is applied so that the displacement of the first node in the X direction of the lens three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is zero; For the second node on the second cross section, a second normal displacement constraint is applied so that the displacement of the second node in the Y direction of the lens three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is zero, wherein both the first normal displacement constraint and the second normal displacement constraint retain the tangential displacement degree of freedom.

4. The lens thermal deformation simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset boundary plane is the object-oriented plane or the image-side plane of the lens simulation model.

5. The lens thermal deformation simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for obtaining the profile nodes include: The nodes on the preset symmetrical cross-section that meet the preset mesh density threshold are identified as the cross-section nodes.

6. The lens thermal deformation simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for obtaining the planar nodes include: The nodes on the preset boundary plane that are at a preset distance from the lens center axis are defined as the planar nodes.

7. The lens thermal distortion simulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The lens thermal deformation simulation method also includes: Extract the preset point displacement dataset from the lens simulation model; Based on the preset point displacement dataset and preset displacement threshold, a thermal deformation safety assessment result for the target lens is generated.

8. A lens thermal distortion simulation device, characterized in that, include: The model acquisition unit is used to acquire the lens simulation model of the target lens; The first displacement constraint unit is used to apply a first displacement constraint on the preset symmetric section of the lens simulation model, so as to control the displacement of the section node of the preset symmetric section in the normal direction of the corresponding preset symmetric section to be zero. The second displacement constraint unit is used to apply a second displacement constraint on the preset boundary plane of the lens simulation model, so as to control the displacement of the planar nodes of the preset boundary plane in the normal direction of the corresponding preset boundary plane to be zero. The model simulation unit is used to perform thermal deformation simulation on the lens simulation model based on the applied first displacement constraint and second displacement constraint, and obtain thermal deformation simulation results.

9. An electronic device, comprising: The memory and processor are characterized in that the processor, when executing a computer program stored in the memory, implements the steps of the lens thermal deformation simulation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the lens thermal deformation simulation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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